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GUIDES TO SOCIAL WELFARE
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE POPE AXP HIS PERILS . Fob ten years the Pope has been a port of captive in his own dominions , guarded by French troops , and -nominal" . sovereign of rather more than three million unwilling subjects , by the grace of the French Emperor . who rejoices in the title of " Eldest Son of the Church . " At any moment the removal of French , bayonets would have been the signal fox * superseding the successor of St . Peter / by a revolubiotiary or natipnal government . i > uring this disgracefiu period vast efforts have been made to sustain tlie moral power of the Papacy , on condition of its employment in behalf
of the atrocious tyranny of Austria and the suspension of liberty in France . The Concordat surrendered powers-which . Hildebrand might have sought in vain , and every despotic ruler felt the necessity of paying an apparent homage to the most conspicuous symbol of moral slavery and intellectual darkness extant upon earth . The old gentleman himself had tried , with apparent honesty , to be a reforming Pope , but the effort failed , not so muoh from the weakness or shortcomings of the man as from the inherent impossibility of the thing itself , which was like attempting to have a useful cholera or a pleasurable
smallpox . Pio Nonb could do nothing but sink into the arms of his troublesome nurses , X * ouis Napoleon and Francis Joseph , who squabbl e d over their charge and made its condition both miserable and contemptible . The former was sincere in desiring amendments in the Papal administration sufficiently comprehensive to avert the constant danger of i-evojijtion j and the latter was equally sincere in supporting every element of misrule , as congenial to his own systein , and in deprecating' any movement that tended to aggrandise French power in Italy , and convert into a Bonapartist lieutenant the so-called
Vicar of Clmst , I-Iarnssed by their contentions , and surrounded with the most profligate and coxv r , upt , set of advisers to bo found in any modern Court , the poor old-Pope found himself incapable of doing any good , and , driven for temporary safety to support W . abijtses , and get \ ip Perugian masBa ^ ree , m the ymp . hppe , tlutt . thq AposfjQliq chain would stand all the wwor for . being sprinkled withvannocent blood . 3 N " ow ) the catastrophe seems approaching—the PVtpe ^ haatleffc . his beloved subjeots to seek fo ^ onsoJatiqn ^ and ^ bayonets'from the miserable despot bTBicTlyT "' ( jtacPaay by day he weifcbtttts the arrhrflfli WdWbandecPctowVoA , sent' as volunteer * by'Afedtriay'to ficfht inhia tfattfcs , < " ' - ¦ X 3 arit » ftldi tella-hiti i'littlo' army 'in they Papal towfriofrBBolbght * that ^ . tho hourof * wno ^ atmggle approaches . The enemy is threate « iU »< £ and
perhaps -will attack us before many days are over . And the Emperor of the French , in reply to a Jesuitical address of the Archbishop and clergy of Bordeaux , declares " that the day is not far distant when the French army must be withdrawn from Home , " and asks in bland accents , " What will it leave behind ?—anarchy , terror , or peace ?" Questions to which the aforesaid Bishop and clergy have no answer , and which are enough to bewilder
Pope Pius IX , Kaiser Francis Joseph , the King of the Two Sicilies , the Duke of Modena , and other foolish princes , who seem resolved on a pleasant excursion to meet ruin half way . Truly the circumstances are enough to make these good people send for Dr . dimming-s treatise on " The Great Tribulation Coming upon Earth ; " and cause Garibaldi ' s Cacciatprs to run mad for joy at the prospect of another game at rifle balls , in which Italy seems likely to win , , the Zurich settle
Austria is evidently delaying - ment in hopes of something ' > ttfrning up ;" while captains of Zouaves treat themselves to another bottle of wine , to drink to their chances of field-marshalship in the scrimmage that is expected to occur . Should Austria openly mix herself tip in this contest , her chances will be all the worse for the delay . Victor Emmanuel leading Italy will have three or four times as large an army as when attacked by Count Giuiay— since known as Count Kunaway—while the discontent of Hungary is more pronounced , and the liberals of Vienna are on the look Out for
an opportunity - of practically reminding their autocrat of the constitutional rights which he swore to respect and then overthrew . What the French Emperor will dp is , of course , a subject for guessing , but it is pretty certain not to be what the Mornys and Walcwskis represent or advise ; and it is impossible not to discern a grave irony in the expectation that " a new ei-a of glory will arise for the Church as soon as all shall share my conviction that the temporal power of the Efoly Father " ( reduced , we suppose , to an M honorary presidency " ) " is not opposed to the liberty
and independence of Italy . We know that Prince Napoleon expresses confidence that the Emperor will do what he can for Italy , and the relations between the Courts of London and Pans are reported to be satisfactory . Under these circumstances it is to be regretted that a more active interest in the Italian question is not manifested in this country . Our strong Protestant feelings should be excited by the best prospect seen for many years of the introduction of religious liberty into Italy , while our proverbial sympathy for nations nobly struggling to be free could not be displayed in a worthier cause than that for which Garibaldi is
arms , . Tlie French Emperor himself , or those whp manage his police , must be alarmed at their uncertaiu relations with , Italy , and seem to fear that every Italian maybe a conspirator ready to avenge the Villafravnca peace . No other explanation can bo given of the arrest of all the Italians in Bprdeaux , and their detention during the Imperial visit . His wisest plan will" be to afford , no just cause for anger , and give up as soon as possible diplomatic mystification for plain speaking . It is again stalled that a congress is to meet . Is this a symptom- of peace , or is it like the former proposed congress , a signal for war *
Guides To Social Welfare
and pity . Our feelings rise absolutely to terror , and then begin to awaken the conscience . " There is no longer the shadow of a doubt that there prevails , arid has prevailed / for a considerable period in our much-boasted land , a mass of social evil , which every one feels—its authors included—to be at variance with the designs of Providence , and therefore it must be removed . To have this admitted is an important fact , and it marks a great charigifcfrom the time . w-lien . our people were instructed to believe themselves supremely blest , and other people only miserable slaves . Then , they were only incited to release the negroes from
bondage , and help suffering humanity all over the globe , and were at once put down if they attempted , like the Dorsetshire labourers , to help themselves . Now , it is acknowledged that their condition is full of intolerable suffering , and the upper classes devise means of relief . The Association * for the Promotion of Social Science is to show the people the way . It is to direct them how to save money and employ time , is to provide them rational amusements , show them how to improve their health and lengthen their lives . It is to wat 6 h over all tendencies to abuse , and nip them in tte bud . The " awakened conscience " of the upper classes now incites them to show the multitude the way to a social millenium . Will the multitude follow
them ? - . " • , . ; Under their government the condition which they now so feelingly pourtray has been brought about . They have ruled society almost unthwarted . If , in latter times , some exceptions have been remarked , it will never be said that the emancipation of the Catholics , the relief of the Dissenters , the abolition of the Corn-laws ; which were forced on the ruling classes , arid helped to awaken their consciences , have in the least degree contributed to the ignorance , the poverty , and wretchedness of the multitude . How far these
GUIDES TO SOCIAL WELFARE . / It is easy to understand why the upper classes now labour most assiduously tp promote a certain species of education amongst the lower classes These had become dangerous . They had acquired a knowledge of their power , and werq on the yrny to acquire a knowledge of their rights , and it bad beopme indispensable to recall them to a sense of their former duties . The yearnings of philanthropy were ascertained t , p be gopd policy . It was felt to bo wise to sow by kindness the . seeds of renewed power . The multitude could no longer be coerced , and it was necessary to win their favour . To drive them had become impracticable , but they might beted . Hence the numerous efforts njade by the upper--classes witlun toe / Jlaab foWiiyears ,. in more directions thorite can enumferate , to , win the confidon cQ ofthe tower : clasaea ,, and ity ^ o ' vp fcheir condition while they < war o k pt submiaaivei ; t / f W ; p . otyw ? W , y » H , M , % ftW bury » s P <* $ j ; of what ho witnesses i undott tha tutQtogo ot , «« P order , ' ' nn ; cjnor « rtoiiii ' am 0 imt o # j ) hy » iortl dflgradwticin and su ^ Wti ^; and attftftltitf with apprehension :
are the consequences of our costly institutions in Church and State , established to teach and protect the people , is the great question of social science which the association will not suffer to be mooted in its assemblies . Like Lord Brougham , it will take for granted that nothing-else but the aristocratic element , of which he is now so powerful a buttress , can " protect liberty from an arbitrary sovereign or from the insupportable tyranny of the
multitude . " He , and the well-dressed mob which cheered him , and especially cheered the sentence quoted , are dreadfully alarmed at other mobs , They are terrified at their fellow men . They have no confidence in the great natural law which confers power on the many ; and , knowing better than nature , by an artificial contrivance tliey try ? like Brahma , to secure for ever the ascendancy of a class .
They accordingly , continue to withhold the franchise from the people , tell them to deserve it by what the aristocracy call virtue , or will sp apportion it as to keep the multitude mbBCiment . They canuot see any safety for . society except in tlie continued asce ' ndancy of the very body and the preservation of the very institutions to which the multitude attribute their comparative poverty , ignorance , and degradation . Now that tin ? upper classes virtually confess to previous nial-administration , is the nation implicitly to trust them m future ? Arc they still to bo exclusively our legislators and masters ? Are their awakened ?
consciences a guarantee for their virtue , and , then wisdom hereafter ? . Their present intonfcipns are . good , so were those of their predecessors . * but now their consciences are awakened by the havoc they have committed .. We distrust their wwqom , not their wishes ; their knowlcdgo , not their intentions ; and if the people be begiiilednow ind hereafter to follow their lead , as hifaerjdthey i » avo been induced or compelled to ob 6 £ thetn , they will continue poor , degraded , and miserable . We write ppenly ,, boldly , and honestly , for our fliture welfare is at issue , and tho notion can only i i
bo rightly guided by tree ana nonesu «»« m »» w * . , Lord Shaftesbury a speech at Bradfbrd has been much commended ; aW } -wo shall aMtafef , , ™ " £ its warm philanthropy nor its moOeratibn , Wr t * e declare that it contains prooft of the most . astonishing ignorance . At tho commencement uo eUid , u ^ q w ( int a vast dn 4 cOristantly ini ^ eftsrti ^' aiccra *' Ration of recent details to 'WsIBIto of prosont and approaching misbludft / Jgm taf fqroc the . jpubliq ty \\» ^ te ?^ ° / , tS ?! f ^ Jff' " and so arrive at an enective conclusion . ..... ,
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. ¦ ¦ T . . ^ There is nothing- so revolutionary , boenuso there 13 nothipg so unatitural aiid convulsive , as the strain to'keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its crention in eternal proffre ^ s ;—I > n . Arnold . ' -- ? ¦
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—— SATURDAY , OCTOBER 15 , 1859 .
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. OFFICE , NO . , CATHERINE-STREET , STKAAJD , W . C .
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NOTICES TO COllRESPONDKNTS . No notice can be taken of jinonymous \ Correspondence Whatever i « intended for inaertion must be authentica te d bythenivmc and address of the writer ; not nccessarilj for pubHcation , but as a guarantee of . his . good faith . ¦ _ It is impossible to nckuowled ^ e the mass of letters we receive . Their insertion is often delayed , owiuf , r t ^^ a piesa of matter ; and wh « i 6 mifted . it is frequently from vc * - sons quite independent of tho merits ot the communica-We ' cannot undortaketo return rejected communications .
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SUBSCRIPTION TO "THE LEADER /' ONE GUINEA PER YEAR , U ^ STAMrEDV PKEPAID . ( Delivered Gratis . ) ^_ _
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No . 499- Oct . T 5 . 1859 . 1 THE LEADER . U 53
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1859, page 1153, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2316/page/13/
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