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Untitled Article
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¦ . rw > . ¦ ¦ ¦ ., ^ — : Tj £ E SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS . Tjhl& tlurd annual meeting of this Association commenced , on Monday , and was inaugurated by a special religious service in the parish churcn , tne sermon -being preached by the Bishop of Kipon . In the evening the first meeting was held in bt . George ' s Hall . - . The -Earl of Shaftesbukt delivered the opening address ,-4 n the course of which he observed of the Association : —I do not say that we . can adduce any great sesults which would make a figure in statistical tables ;—an issue such as that must be the work of time and of much preliminary tail . We have
laboured , and we still labour , " datura , tamen , infirmatis hunianee , tardiora sunt remedia . quaun inala , " But we have opened a field for much larger operations ; we have harmonised many apparently jarring opinions , concentrated much wide-spread , irregulari and disjointed effort , and laid down a dear line of action , and a fixed point of aim to all who might not otherwise-find an object and a channel for their science and their zeal . We have made , too , no inconsiderable progress in showing where the aid of law should be invoked and where avoided ; and it is no small success to have taught people to see that to cry out " a law , a law , " on all occasions of a grievance felt , of an evil detected , is combined exertion
to check private , individual , and ; oftentimes to perpetuate and . extend the mischief , and . to keep men from the wholesome conviction that in many matters , and especially such as these , they must be " a law unto themselves . " Here is the spring of every generous and fruitful thought , the duty and Wisdom of a . free , people , and an excellent made of bringing conscience ! to bear in such . a way , that * ' we may look . not only oh our own things , but every man also . on the things of others . " This Association consists of teachers ^—not of doers . Had it Tbeen : i the reverse , yon , might have demanded , after two years , manifest and mate rial results . But , as it is , time must be allowed before a harvest can
be gathered from those who are still learners , though the future agents ; and we are . justified when we ask you for . the : present to be , content that we . have infused the leaven , that we have abated many fears and raised many hopes , that we have shown mere centralisation , as it is called , to be both impolitic and impossible . —liOrd Shaftesbury proceeded to say that \ the subject matter of the various departments had- been admirably selected ; of these , the law was a topic which -required to be carefully : investigated and delicately handled . As to education , the members of that Association belieyed , they knew something , and . could add to the general , ; . ipiprnitUion . All country clergymen . and
scjhQplma . a $ ers could speak pi . the daily mortification they : experience in the ignorance and . nqglcc . t of those . , w ; hp ,. years , before , were tUe pride and joy of their Jhfci ^ is . Taken at early ages from school , these , J ? oys ^ ind ; givls are launched into work , rer moved ; Trpm douVcstic or imy pthqT guidance . . One pr two here and > there may . possess such on indpmitable . JLpvc ,, Qf > knowlc / lgp , as , s tp . give their vacant lloujr § K -unaided , to ; the , J >> creAse . . of their s . tpjres . Trtqst ; of tihpm . yield to the ( ind 6 n ) it . »\ ble , lpvo pi pleasure i . If \ f , hi ) e \ 9 . few may bp-. ready , t , o accept the prpfferred ^ lu . oPf . those , who , jiiiyht . enable , . them to V-redeem ,,. J . hc timp . " . After Aeae , vjbwig thc ^ emp ^ - tiona , to , which , tUo young , were , subjected in great
. cfttea , ; . tha ^ civrl dvsqrih . cd ^ be remedies ,. appjipd . r-. Sjherp , nve rpajjing-roouis , ; cpfl&p-clubs , young men ' s Qh ^ is ^ ftn , fts ^^ mpns , landing libraries , andppnny , b , * n % .. ; X wUl niontipn bu * , M > £ , prie tyst fo ^ nclecl , the Y , § pc } fity . f 9 r . ( I ) iiprpTipff , thP , Cpnd , » Mon . Pf Cabmen . " £ faf $ . { A- a / jo ^ ss ,, ^ nn > sppaWps p . f M » ft melrapPlfs ) , cpnsis ^ pg , ; iwi | h , , \ luiiv , i l ^ Jj ^ rs , , of , , 6 omc 15 , OQ 9 > per-, sontferf- <* ¦ ¦ lAtofiuhirtmtQ , ' ywy < , lU , tle . k , Ho > ynvmup , h , ; rp > . yltef ) ,,, mh , itf is a \ ymyp , tke / pnfie ,, pr ; 9 W » m sf "Wf . » W § *; $ * , w , s « l » $ had ,. H'W ^ na st . wA ^ ftctwy .,. 1 m *> ^» fi » tjpni )(> v ^ J 1 n «* .. bp * WmWti « l ° , « . e ,. ,. There ,, art VWXtWW W WjyBfl « Ww 4 jflP pv spe ^ SS , P > 7 lfl ,. Amend-J ^ M ^ . ™* & >>¦ , * U »> W rW *» MW ¦ & R ° 9 tflr . nftfoyxvalafiflfprts ,. and « Wiqty pf , a , pn » wMottft , .. .
In-, fouri ^ nn , e 0 « » not , only , J < u ,, jnp , » WW » ftut itself of mof body brought oii ^ n& ^ nwMft . i IAut , ( , Uien ,. g 9 M fu ^ taN ^ UKliiA inqujKQ 1 / n Vovy ., , mw ^ . ' of . that » iSTOtffrfjl / n 9 hMfl ^ r M . % W , , fio - ., ^ o , , sp « i ^ , and . immmmh v m mw \ m # ftfimil * ***/ p ° » mwsw <} * tmmml o < M hw jwy » ffla « f % lft wJtwto ww * taj ? Mm ^ Mi kn yiMnhmh WBW . ° m $ m wW tWw hmmminiiMoiPHh timmnwir-... lMw , w . S&WwvKa ^^* . 4 » ft « we ^ an j 4 ?*> 'F - typw " «* tfft $ & » Mmwmum ; -wmm < . ^ » e ^ fi ^ 9 , « i w r *
built , well-ordered , and expensive prison ^ hpuse Thus ahnost . alLthfi subjects odE our meeting run one into the others / The npble 3 lord . then made \ som& forcible rexnarks ! upon the necessity of reformatories both for children and vadults ; with regar ^ to the latter he / declared . that fpi : tyT five per cent . Pf . the inmates became peifeetly ; reclaimed . Proceeding to the Tiext topic vof conversation he sai ^ ?—The consideration of the public health involves far more than the mere physical status of the population . It has its physical aspect certainly , but it has also itsvmora } , political and financial aspects . Public health , with all its accompaniments , is the end ; and social economy , the means by which we endeavour
to arrive at it . To those who have never investigated these things , our activity and earnestness appear speculative and fanatical . But we assert . that it is the study of the prime laws and requirements of our nature . We observe an . enormous amount of physical degradation and suffering , and we are filled with - apprehension and pity . We examine still further , and we perceive , its direful effects on the moral , social , and-political condition of millions of the human race . Our feelings rise absolutely to terror , and then begin to awaken the conscience . Science , zeal ; piety , and prayer comes to our aid ; we learn and apply the prepentative and remedial agencies , and soon perceive that , though death is .
an eye . dwelling ; . upon pur home cpncerns , _ a ! nd , we' find . reasonto be satisfied even wi , th t ^ jprogress begun , at least , in , cp ' untries very fto ; frpip . jEieretpfpre moving at evexi the slow rate complainecL of here . In the Kussian empire our prpceedings in this Association , have been watched wi ^ h great interest . . The accounts of them both in 1 ^ 57 and last year have been most fully give n i n the St » Petersburg journals .. Our corresponding members In ' . that country assure us of the great attention [ given to them , and we sliall have proofs of it , in papers now communicated thence . But the Government has , happily , undertaken the great measure of emancipating the serfs ( cheers ) , conducting it upon sound and moderate principles ; and , what might still less have been expecteda
, great freedom of . discussion upon all subjects has been allowed in the press . Surely , we may well lament that other countries , which have no serfs to liberate , but have rf ' press to set free ( cheers ) , show no such tendencies . Who would , iiave thought but a little while ago of the . Russian Government being held up to the French . for imitation , and the people for envy , ' , in anything relating to public liberty ? Of . Austria it may not be possible to speak in the same terms . Yet an important . s , tep , has been made , even there in favour of religious liberty . In those parts of her dominions heretofore most , oppressed by ecclesiastical tyranny and bigotry , in their natural alliance , it is underin
let of all , a vast proportion of the disease that hastens his approach arid incapacitates and dishonours life , before he comes , is self-inflicted by man , and not divinely imposed . That the certainty of such an issue , if we are unmindful , is . one of the temptations or trials to which we are subjected , but that in this , as in all other things , we are not tried above that we are able , but , with the trial , " a way also is made for escape , that we may be able to bear it . " After describing in eloquent language the ravages committed by filth , miasma , and drunkenness , and the astonishing number of premature deaths caused by these means , the ^ earl spoke of the enormous saving of life of late years in the borough
stood that the ^ Protestants are now secured the full enjoyment of their rights . Lord Brougham proceeded to consider , the various departments into which the labours of the Association are subdivided . Of that of Public Health , he said that the most valuable papers at the last congress were those contributed by Miss Florence Nightingale . There is ey ^ ery reason , ; said , he , that this great benefactor to her suffering fellow-creatures will not much longer have to lament , with a . feeling ef . shame , -our free country being left behind those under despotic govern- , ments in so material a branch of sanitary policy . iLet us pause for a moment to declare that the choicest notes warbled by the '' . solemn bird" of
of Macclesfield .,. by the adoption of judicious sanitary regulations . This is a sample of what has been already achieved in , many parts , and of wliat might be achieved in every part of the United Kingdom ; and well have we a right to say to every one , " Go thou and do likewise . " Everything , said his lordship in conclusion , has a tendency to run into abuse ; and a main object of this Association- is to watch such excrescences , nip them in the bud , or , at least , give warning . Let us suppose that we fail of our contemplated ends ; our very failure * like the failures of alchymy , will bring a contribution of facts to true science . Let us suppose that , our success is complete . Then we must remember that to use the
night never sounded more sweet to vulgar ears than now sounds to the philanthropist the name consecrated to undying lame by . the wise beneficence and generous ' self-sacrifice of her who bears it—a fame far less precious in her estiroatio ^ i than the delightful reflection on pain , assuaged and sorrow averted . Lord Brougham eulogised the e ? irly closing shops now much adopted , ¦ . "' . and , the Saturday half-holiday $ pointed out the advantages of penny , savings banks ; and ably , and philosophjpaljy . discoursed upon the evils of drunkenness , praising :. tlie , effprts of the temperance .. societies , and of Mrt S . Pope , whom his lordship styled " the able and learned secretary of the grand alliance . " He continwed—Tn opening this
harvest aright is no less a duty and a work than it was to obtain it . . The appeal is to everyone ; the rich and the poor , the scientific and : the- ignorant , the occupied and the leisurelj ' , the great and the small—all have their share . We may differ in phases of thought , in modes of action , in expressions of feeling , in the . stamp 1 and colour of our opinions : but'While the differences will appear on the surface , concord may He > beneath ; and may we not strive that all ,, of every degree , though in various sort and manner ; be really , and effectively combined for the one grand final consummation , " Glpry to God in the highest ; on earth peace , good will towards men ? " ..:.... ; .. -.... ¦ . ¦ . .. ..
National Association at Bjrmingliam two years ago I adverted to the intimate connexion of the sciences , natural , moral , and political ,, each with the other , but the reference was not sufficiently detailed to that topic , equally fruitful and important , of inexhaustible fertility , of paramount importance . J . here is no greater encpuragement than is thus afforded to the cultivators of every , branch of knowledge , the great teachers ' of jinanjeind , the iraprovers of science » hd of art by , tljejr dispoverks in tlic one , their inventions in the other : for they are thus taught to hope tliqt benefi t may , result from their labours fur superior tp any winch they had designed and oxDected to uroauce . Let me add , thnt the ?* me the
On Tuesday morning , Lqrd BnonraHAM dpHv . ored hia address as president pf the council . His lordship snid : ~ -rlL is imppfieible in any institHtion like ouirs t hut * disappointment ! sbpuldnPt arise from the comparative slowness of the progress made in giving offact to . . the proposals offered , thp changes suggested ; . This arises in part from the hppes and expect fttions :, W . sanguine men , but is chiefly owing to the wide itliffesenee between proposing and executing . . tVPrpposal / f , as Lprd Bacon said , lopg ago , M » na . wings , ibut oxecutipn leaden , feet . " Jfn we . course of ; pun speculfttjpns > ve mqpt no , pbstxiictjon ; ounr plans aro / tsnoiw , Pr . less , thsoytef » v ; Wp , mpve forward at ft . jrnpid . pnpp . j the wprid .,, of ac | ipn flpvfs bJowI ^ v its , course broken by j ? oc ^ s , even its currents , often et ' r . Uqng . 'ng ^ ili « at . |; habBn ^ . . %% is ever mpyiPff , like time , | bii , MitiApt \ co , 8 o 4 UTcrent frpm that of . ^ he
contempla ^ ons may afford greatest encouragement to ' pur labidqrs in this Asaocnition . it is nc fhattlieiUuatrntjonby . examples formerly omitted 5 Viovld now , b , e aupplied , : The , noble lord took tins oppprtunity , fpr , » most eloquent description ot t e prpgress of \ science in . various brunches , particularising . the . ' caspoveries of gulvanism , magnetisnv df lproWni , ¦ « nd P 11010 ^' ? 11 ^ ,,. ^ Brougham next Jpuchea upon tJ » e w > n »^ 2 ; jj p f . tlws ppunVy , wljjcli he etyjed a cpmblnation of . Cerent interqats and powefcs , at ; onco prov ^ 1 " ? against the" encroachtnent of w one , nnd «««»?* uii ujl
© rrpr . in Me action pf , t , ho wl > ol « ,, uniting w » m > w » - choraptejistiiiiwa ^^ s of other Governments , > egnl , pa ^ ipian , rj 6 pi > , l > Hcftn ,. ond endowed w « h " J » r ^ poctiyS ^ r ^ i ' s , . Wrowii ^ jlmur ^ om monar ^ Btftbjility frpra ariptpcraoy , populnr flrecdom wwjje mporaqy . Tl ^ o people poaaeas $ ytlieirrepresentatives a voicp ( n the miinagpment of their pwn a 0 uirs , a rcftl cqritrpl , oyer the conduct p / their nilora , and n ^ senaito o w ^ gl ^ itt th o , fle ^ P Wtfte fl » 0 >| le <» erv « nt 8 . Tho ovS ot property , tl , Q pppsQaBors , of »» nk ^ V }« ftJJJ iaY 9 ^ , )? pwe ^ a ^ ai ^ t » Or ! ty aiiflToiont to oheoK t > o i
spcculttUvevefyrmpr ^ hurrying , along , the aide , that it mucks , | iia impftjfcionqe , and ho i » apt tp think nPthiag < lony hqenwaei » iU A « , ,, npt .. qu ^ pkLy . ^ onej nay ,, oven fa fiM > cyi that . society jja jn , ot merplyrsiaiipnary , put . rotrograd (? f be «^ usp , ita ra tppf m . pvpnient . iaso tUfl ^ rbnt ftpm his own * juAfe « 8 . vheff travpmng vri ^ h . groat speed , ivlfwg . « j river ' s Mde , H ^ ometimea appears s . tAgmvnfcK » nd ) nptto . flg . w at nil f nay ,, oven ^ u are , « ndp , r thP ^ cCQptlftn . ftf ^ s ; ftqcm » ng , ] to , ^ pyy . bapli-, w « ra «» "' -Witt * . i reaspwftblp , m , ?» arq , r ^ cp ^ . W ^ ,, Jo ^ lip . illpa ^ fin ^ n ^^^ P ^ r ( U » tjjjngs | W S 9 / i ^^ W iCltisirQ ,,, !^ , ! % \\ o , \ . r / jtfleo . fcf pn ,, t ^ ut , a \ l . flMngp ^^ d b . Q , ^ Hfo ^ nlHfltJ 4 bQ , fl « ftd ^ a ^/ a ni . , to ( iJ » P ,.. P jWP ^ A'Pr jnpnt : ) -mn ^« P VP v W ^ cj ^ Bul ^^^^ xpe ^ en ^ , ^ i ^ . fiW ; jtejiahjiiv , b , ut .. % ) w fl 9 Tfirfi « " ? MMWMt *\ p % MPHhW * ( 0 talpf ,, mu 8 l } , pr ^ ljle , Qy , er ^^ Ql > fin ^ aUpn ., 9 f ; , pu ^ nJanB , bntajiijo . u ^ ln . % \ wiv ^ pifQ ^ lq ^ , ; , XeJ p > 9 Jfea $ . oast
nnuenaq tnq eonauptoi b ^ 'M ^ ^ v 5 "t r ° " ° T * «• Vim MMftttw Mfjpw wSffi " J ° . iBSkte ^
Untitled Article
1 ? abroad before ' ¦ : V 1 ** XMB ALJjA . aii ^ . . " fl ^ P- 499 . Qqr . I 5 is ; 485 & .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1859, page 1144, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2316/page/4/
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