On this page
-
Text (3)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
to-elaborate the -subordinate detail of the process of tbi ^ Ufe ' s-progressive stages of education within itself : ; -each stage a rehearsal of its successor , and altogether making up , our homogeneous education for¬her life , with theunity of perfectdesign belonging to every orderingof God . The boy exercises himself for ^ manhood as the young man for independent life . All'the home questions of the day are summed up in ; how the great mass of population are fed , clothed , and taught . What is onrnational system of education for the working classes ? We alone , of all nations , rest on the Voluntary undertaking ot private individuals or societies for its basis , and we simDort such aeencv by large subsidies and
co-operation from the national treasury . Possibly we may learn something from other countries—from the United States , Canada , and other European states free-as ourselves , Switzerland and Holland ; not much from the elaborate organisation of France , nor from the late Imperial patent of Vienna , nor the Prussian gradation of officers up to the bishops of the state religion . Our democratic tendencies lead ¦ us away from paternity of government and pupillage of people . The hon . gentleman then proceeded to point out the differences between the educational system in the countries referred to and our own , and concluded by saying that our own progress in the cause of education was indicated by the milder character assumed bv the social struggles inseparable
from a free community . In the department of Social Economy a very numerous auditory was assembled to hear two papers announced to be read by ladies with , reference to female labour . , The general programme is , that every morning there is the " Address for the day , '' and immediately thereafter the departments will commence business . The departments are five in number , to embrace the following subjects : — Jurisprudence , Education , Punishment and Reformation * Public Health , and Social Economy .
On Thursday Mr . Monckton Mii-nes , M . P ., read a paper in St . George ' s Hall on " Reformation and Punishment . " He began by reference to the days of judicial torture and the rigorous system of punishing offenders pursued in former times in this and Other conn tries , and gave an account of the system 1 of transportation in modern days . That system had now ceased to exist , and the question they had been compelled to ask was in what way they could improve their penal system , and how they were to make up for the advantages they had lost in the cessation of penal settlements in the colonies . The hon . gentleman then went at great length into the question-of tickets of leave and reformatories , and the legal enactments affecting tftem ; and next proceeded to review some of the projects put forward for the prevention of crime . Among
these he noticed the proposals made to enforce abstinence from spirituous liquors . In this he could not concur . It had never been the habit of the British [ Legislature to attempt to limit vicious principles or passions , so long as they did not lead to the disturbance of public order . Nor were they in the habit of enforcing particular views upon a minority . It should be remembered , too , that nature provided a severe retribution for intemperate habits , and" he doubted whether the use of intoxicating liquors led so much to grave crime as was usually represented . Besides , were Lord Brougham and he to be allowed their port and sherry , and the poor man deprived of his beer ? They must prevent crime by education , and reform it in punishment , and then our age would be no less famous for its victories over the moral than over the material Trorld .
Untitled Article
THE GREAT EASTERN . Thb trial trip of this vessel has at length taken place , and apparently to the complete satisfaction of all the witnesses of her performance . She appears to be as easily handled at sea as it was prophesied would be the case , while her speed is quite as great as her projectors ever believed it would be . The machinery , so far as it was in any way injured by the late explosion , had been thoroughly repaired , and the defects of construction whioh that explosion expose dremedied . The steam chambers or " jaqkets , "
-as they are technically called , round the funnels between decks , had been removed in each case , and their places and objects supplied by wood casings , forming simply cola-air chambers for cooling down rthQiheab generated by the heated iron plates . The ¦ hi p , ^ though in that state of confusion whioh vos-( iit&l » generally are when on the point of sailing , was dn ^ Ke-hands of experienced officers , who now , to some extent at least , know her qualities , and under -the , command of a captain of acknowledged repivta * ^ Aooi ^ nd whose conduct on thelato trying occasion * how £ djb 4 nv . to > be . a > lsaa < man . of , cool nerve and , quiok Mm % ion . ¦ ' , . ¦ < , . .. ¦ ' ¦/ w WhftJita ' a ^ ftjWfta got » p at 3 * 30 , p . m . on Saturday , u » ftaat . 3 t 46 . ithe ., ordor was given . to weigh anchor .
^^^^^^^^^^^^ ¦ ^ ¦¦¦¦ " ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ ^^¦ ^ ' ¦ " ^ " ^¦ ^¦ ^^¦ ^ " ^ ' ^^^^¦ ^^¦ ^ " ^^^^^^¦ ^^¦ ¦ ¦ ^¦ ^^^¦¦¦ HI ^^ ' ^ VBV" ^ Round went the capstans , and presently the head of Mr . Trotman ' s anchor appeared abovevrater , at which moment , the multitudes of passengers in the . yachts and steamers assembled raised a hearty' cheer , the engines were set in motion , and the ship ' s retrograde course at once checked . And now , looking over the side , some half dozen sturdy fellows , sliding down from the tackle attached from the catheads by which the anchor is suspended , began performing apparently a series of . the most extraordinary acrobatic experiments . Some thirty or five-and-thirty feet below one or two of these were swinging by a rope end , their feet nearly touching the water , endeavouring to catch at other ropes to which they attached themselves like monkeys ; then one slipping over the other ' s shoulders and getting down beneath him ; then half a dozen tied together in a sort of knot , and labouring at an enormous block with an equally enormous hook attached— -operations which finally resulted in said hook being affixed to the anchor , so as to enable it to be hauled up into its proper position .
The Eddystone Light , bright and clear like a star upon the water , was sighted before eleven . Precisely at twenty minutes past eleven the" Great Eastern was well in the stream of mellow light which it cast upon the waters . Thus , then , notwithstanding the partial stoppage of the paddles and slackening of the rate , a distance of twenty-five knots , or nearly thirty statute miles , had been- run at half speed within an hour and three quarters time . From this period out nothing of note
occurred , the paddles working easily at . from nine to ten , and ~ the screw at from thirty-two 4 o thirty-rfour revolutions per minute . At ten revolutions the paddle-wheels dashed through the water at something like 1 , 600 ft . per minute , and the screw revolved . at 2 , 500 . When accomplishing this the consumption of fuel was at : the rate of 250 tons a day for both engines , the indicated power being nearly 5 , 000 horses—about 2 , 000 horses for the paddles and a little over 3 , 500 for the screw .
A few hours before daybreak on Sunday morning the Great Eastern gave the first indication of being influenced by the motion of the waves . Hitherto there had been not the slightest motion either in the form of pitching or rolling , but about the time she passed the Hazard , those who had retired to their cabins- —which of course included all the nori-nauticals—were aroused from their sleep by a sensible oscillation , which required in some instances holding on in order to hold in , and , more or
less , from this time until very near the end of the voyage the motion of the ship informed those whom she was carrying that she was not exactly a portion of terra firma , but could roll and pitch , if necessary , according to the varying circumstances of wind and waves ; the motion , however , although sufficient to occasion disagreeable results in one or two cases , was invariably considerably less than the largest ships afloat , and , of course , greatest when the ship was being " put . about" or when meeting cross currents and heavy seas .
On Sunday morning , about church-time—for there was church-time aboard , and a full Sunday service , prayers , litany , sermon , and psalms , according to the liturgy of the Church of England , the Rev . Mr . Nicholson , one of the visitors , who is also a large shareholder in the concern , officiating in full canonicals—the first experiment of using sails and steam together was tried . First , the staysail was set on the foremost of the si * masts , or , as it is now christened , the staysail mast ; then followed the unreeflng of the trysail , and subsequently the trysails were set in succession upon four of the other masts ,
via ; ., the foremast , the mainmast , the rnizen , and the jigger , or sternmost roast . As regards speed the effect was nugatory , which is sufficiently accounted for by the fact that the wind , which was blowing fresh , as it had been all the morning , was direct upon the starboard beam ; but in steadying the vessel and putting a stop to the rolling motion the result was not only satisfactory but instantaneous . Unfortunately , no opportunity was afforded of testing the action of the sails in adding to the motive power , the wind being during the whole of the rest of the voyage unfavourable , and mostly directly against the vessel ' s course .
At 5 » 40 the ship arrived off the Head of Kinsale , being but twenty-four hours from the time of leaving the Bill of Portland . The distance traversed in this period , measured frompoint to point upon the chart , is about 293 knots , but , allowing for the great sweep mode when rounding the Soilly Islands , the distance actually run by the vessel could not be less than 300 knots , which is e . qua . 1 to 347 J miles , ov very nearly a , t the rate of 15 miles per hour . The speed attained inthe twenty ^ four hours ' run from Portland to ^ Klnsalo would be sufficient , to take the vessel from , England to Australia in thirty-six days ; and Captain Harri 9 Qn « and the engineers are confident of greater results than those , attained . Nothing worthy of ffpecial record took place until the forenoon of Monday , the 10 th , when , nearlng
Holy head , the captain determined to turn the shin completely round , both paddles and screw going at full speed , arid against a heavy sea . The helnrVa g put hard a-port , and the Great Eastern , for the first time since . she has been , built , made a fair turn round in the open sea . The helm was put over to 17 degrees , and the ship went completely round at moderate speed in nineteen minutes , and in a distance of a mile and a-quarter . This , as regards both time and distance , was very little more than half of what it would have taken any line-of-battle ship in Her Majesty ' s service to accomplish . In the matter of speed there is no reaso n to doub t that the maximum of 14 J knots she maintained
during five hours of the run from Portland to Kinsale may not , when the working of the whole of the machinery is in the hands of an engineer directly responsible to the company , and acting under the orders of and in harmony with the commander of the ship , be converted into the minimum ; but if it should be only the average , it will be . no slight advantage to have a means of communication bringing New York within eight-and-a-quarter days of London , and Australia within about thirty-three days . .
Some idea of the excitement which the arrival of the great ship in Holyhead harbour has created in the manufacturing districts may be formed from the fact that the London and North "Western Railway Company have given notice of running no less than twenty , excursion trains a-day from different parts of the country—as Chester , Manchester , Birmingham , and others of the thickly-populated towns within their system of communication over the Chester and Holyhead line to the point of attraction , the fares to include free admission on board the ship . Much still remains to be done in the way of making ready for an Atlantic cruise , and at present there seems as little probability of the Great Eastern starting across the Atlantic this month as of Holyhead itself . . -
The vjsit of her Majesty is still expected next week , though whether it will take place on Monday or Tuesday is still uncertain .
Untitled Article
NEWMARKET RACES . The Cesarewitch , perhaps the third in importance of the great races of the year , was decided on Tuesday last at Newmarket . The weather was very unfavourable ; and , notwithstanding the attraction of the cheap trains , the attendance of the general public was but small , and the interest appeared confined to the sporting fraternity . On the great race the betting at starting was : —6 to 1 against Borderer , 7 to 1 against Special Licence , 10 to I against Clydesdale , 12 to 1 against Moorcock , 12 to 1 against Polestar , 14 to 1 against Yorkshire Grey , and 20 to I against Artless . The result of the race , however , was as follows : —
Sir W . Booth ' s Artless , by Archy , 3 yrs , fist . 21 b . ( carried 5 st . 31 b . ) ( Drew ) t 1 Mr . T . Pair ' s Gaspnrd , 3 yrs , Cat . 91 b . ( Challoner ) t a Mr . G . Lambert ' s Clydesdale , 4 yrs , Ost . 71 b . ( distance ) 3 Mr . S . Williama ' s Mazzinl , 3 yrs , Ost . alb . ( Sadlor ) 4 Tliirty-one others started , some of whoso names will be found below . By three o ' clock , the time appointed , a white flag was elevated on the ditch as a signal to the spectators that the horses had assembled at the post . On
the starter ' s calling them together , Accurate find Whitewall broke away , and indulged in a short canter . They , however , soon returned , and tell into their , places . The thirty-five horses were now in compact order , and at the word of command trom Mr . Hibburd they bounded away in a body . I here was no false start , and they quitted the post j use twelve minutes after three o ' clock . They had not proceeded far before they were eepuratod into two lots . In the front rank were Ambush , niakincr runnincr . Star of the East , l ' etw , Polestnr ,
Artless , Starke , Scribbler , Compromise , Uroaalands , Mazzini , Gaspard , Independence , Marine , and Yorkshire Grey . In the extreme roar wore Vanity , Royal Sovereign , Lord Nelson , and Bordorer , The changes as they streamed through Ukmm Jade " were unimportant , but on breasting the mum the ditch , Clydesdale and Tunstall Maid shoved in good positions near the leaders , Ambush still Doing in front , attended by a crowd of horses , theimose nrominent amoncr whioh were Gaspard , loescar ,
Artless , Star of the East , Clydesdale , S « w , Mazziui , Broadlands , Yorkshire Groy , Starke , Prioress , and Compromise . As they crossed to flat Compromise was beaten , and tho sound oiius jockey's whip caused Scribbler to decline further share in the contest ; the other roguo , " Steroi tiio East , also dropped into the rear as soon as votr commenced In earnest . The pace , up to . this period had been very good . On noaring * ho , Busll ? f " ' ! i the number of the frontlot was stllljurthor wdjwofl . and on reaching the top of the hill Ambush retired , and Artless obtained the load , with Uroadlaads on hop left , Gaspard and Clydesdale close together , wun
Untitled Article
I $ t 6 "&& ( & . { XijlABfEp ; [ 3 SFo . 499 . Oct . 15 , ^ 859 .
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1859, page 1146, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2316/page/6/
-