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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE TREATY OF PEACE . The following is an analysis of the Treaty of Peace concluded , bet ween . France " and Austria _ as signed by the Plenipotentiaries at Zurich , but which has not yet received the ratification of the two Governments . The treaty commences with the usual preamble :- — . "Desirous of putting an end to the calamities * of war , and forming into a definite treaty the preliminaries made at Villafranca , the two Emperors have named their Plenipotentiaries and communicated to them full powers , and the said Plenipotentiaries have agreed to the following : — " That peace is concluded * &e .
" France returns to Austria the Austrian steamers seized during the war , but on which judgment has not been passed , &c . " Austria gives up Lombardy , with the exception of Mantua , Peschiera , and as far as the frontier line fixed by a special commission , the limit of which is already known . " The Emperor of the French declares that the transfers these portions of Lombard / to the King of
Sardinia . . " Tben follow the articles concerning the jurisdiction—namely , the option of the employes of Piedmont and Austria to remain in the service of the two Governments , and to have the option of transferring within a year their goods to Piedmont , and vice versa ; they would , however , retain their right to any property left behind them when they move their domicile from Austria to Sardinia , or from Sardinia to Austria . ¦
,, " The pensions acquired by persons in Loinbardy will be respected and paid by the new Government which will be established to those entitled to them , and in those cases where it is so so stipulated to the widows and children of those pensioned . " Then follows the settlement of , the debt , which sthe subject of . two articles , one of which is an additional agreement for the mode ofj payment . According to these articles Piedmont is to pay to Austria 40 » obo , 000 fl . ( Conventions-Munzfi ) , and besides is rendered responsible for three-fifths of the debt of the AIonte-Lombardq-Veiietien . Altogether the debt transferred to Sardinia amounts to 25 , 000 , 000 f . " JChen follows Article 18 , which runs thus : —
" Desiring that the tranquillity of the Church and the power of the Holy Father should be insured ; and being convinced that this end could not be obtained in a more effective manner than by a system suited to the wants of the populations , and by reforms the necessity of which has been already recognised by the { Sovereign Pontiff , the two contracting parties will unite their efforts in order that a reform in the administration of the State 3 of the Church should be carried out by His Holiness . " Article 19 . The territorial limits of the independent States of Italy which did not take part in the last war could be changed only with the assent of the other Powers of Europe which took part in forming and guaranteed the existence of these States . The rights of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany ,
the Duke of Modeno , and the Duke of Parma are expressly reserved by the high contractipg Powers . "Article 20 . The two Emperors wiil assist with all their power in the formation of a Confederation of all the States of Italy , the object of which will bo the preservation of tho independence and integrity of Italy , which will insure the development of their moral nnd material interests , and will watch over the defence of the interior and exterior of Italy by means of a Federal anny . Venetia , which will remain under the rule of the Emperor of Austria , will form a part of this Confederation , and will participate in tho rights and in the obligations of the Federal Treaty , the clauses of winch wjjl be established by the representatives ot all the States of Italy .
" Article 21 stipulates that persons having taken part in the late events will not be attacked either in their pprson qr their property , and can remain unmolested in the , two countries . ?* Article 22 ,. The present treaty shall be signed and ratified , and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Zurich within fifteen days . " Other articles stipulate" Tjhat Austria el 1 all be obligoJ to free from military service tho soldiers belonging to . the territory wldoh she , gives up . ¦ ...-., " Austria . undertukps ( to restore ihe securities and deposits of private persons placed in the , public estabUahments boipnglng to [ Austria . , , " . ., . , . ¦< JlT « AWle il MwwClie reUgfeus establishments iwICoihbardy the ¦ HP&Jrjy , i ? di ^ posq , freely of th $ r ^ SW ^ W ^ ' ^^ w PWWCTy'if W * . poflfteas'tow of such S ^^ lleCi ^ ' ^ * ' < ' ® '* ' ' ** ^
NAPOLEON AND THE ITALIAN DEPUTIES . On Sunday the Emperor received the deputations from Parma and Tuscany at St . Cloud . The interview was short , but in the highest degree satisfactory to the Deputies of Parma . The Tuscans remained in conference for more than an hour and a half The deputies say that the Emperor remains faithful to himself and persevering as protector of the Italian cause ; and they have the assurance that the principle upon which the whole question hangs , namely , that of non-intervention by arms , will receive no injury from any quarter whatsoever . At two o ' clock General Dabornrida ( Sardinian Minister ) was received by the Emperor , and the consultation lasted for a long time . On Wednesday , however , Napoleon refused to grant an audience to the deputation from Bologna .
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CHINA . Br the overland mail we have advices from Hong Kong of August Hi and from Shanghae of August 16 . Mr , Ward , the American minister , has been courteously received by the Chinese authorities , and has entered Pekin , where he was to exchange the ratified treaties . An officer who accompanied him a portion of the way says that " the Chinese authorities were very polite and condescending , and asserted that their Government was prepared and anxious to receive all the ministers in a peaceful and courteous manner . Courts-martial have been held on Commander Wodehouse and tlie officers and crew of her Majesty s depatch boat Cormorant ; on Lieutenant W . H . Jones , and the officers an < l crow of the Leo , and on Lieut . A . E . Douerlas . with the officers and crew of the ini tne
Plover , which three vessels were entirely lost engagement at Taku . All of them were acquitted . Captain Shadwell has been relieved in his duties as senior naval officer at Shanghae . Admiral Hope s despatches , containing an account of tho lakuanair , were allowed to remain at Shanghao under tne charge of this officer till after tho mail left , thpugn they afterwards overtook it at Singapore in a private steamer . , . „ ,, Gen . Mouravleff , Governor of Siberia , had arrivoa at the Poiho , and spocial messengers had been despatched to the Russian minister at Pekin ; ma presence excites ' some surprise . Tho R " . " ?* appear to have a perfect understanding witl L , " Chinese authorities . It is rumoured that the juussians exchauged ratifications with tho Chiireae more than two months aeo . General Mouravloff was about 0
to be followed by no' less than four Russian gu" -. "*™ ; It was not known what Was the object of assembling so large a force atf'tturtnOuth . of the Pe ho , as ne appeared to ibe- on good terms with tho Chinese authorities , i ^ , . nnA , Order had- been reestablished ox Staujg hae , ww confidence among the respectable portion of " »«
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Paris Gossip . —Letters from Paris state that reports of some changes in the Ministry are still afloat , and that Count Walewski and the Duke of Padua are mentioned as being likely to retire ; likewise that the China expedition has been discussed in the Council of Ministers . It was proposed to despatch a force of 18 , <» oo men , but no definite decision was arrived at . These troops will not leave before the end of the year . Dr . Kern , the representative of Switzerland , has arrived in Paris . General Dabormida , the Sardinian Minister , has held another
conference with Count Walewski . General Fleury has arrived at Compiegne to accomplish the arrangements for the receptions to take place there at the beginning o f November . Prince Napoleon and the Princess Clotilda are expectedat the Chateau of Prince Joseph de Chimay , at Chimay , at the " end of the present month or the . beginning of November . Grand hunting matches will take place in the forest on the occasion . Extensive preparations are being made at the chateau , where the Prince de Chimay is expected very shortly . '
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ENTHUSIASM IN ITALY . "Victor Emmanuel ' s reception , at Genoa on the IGth instant was most enthusiastic according to the Opinione . On his Majesty ' s arrival at Genoa a deputation of the Society of Ladies , who had attended the wounded , presented the King with a spleudi ' il bouquet , accompanying the gift with the following compliment : —" Sire , —Deign to accept these flowers which the city of Genoa offers you ; a small tribute to one who reigns over 25 millions of hearts . " The municipality of Genoa , and deputations from the municipalities of Brescia and Bergamo were in attendance at the . station . During the King ' s progress to the palace , flowers were showered upon him from the windows all along the Via Balbi , one of the longest streets of the city .
The Military Strength of Italt . — The Gazette de Savoie says : — " We are assured that the lists of officers prepared at the Ministry of War are for an effective strength of 100 , 000 men , exclusive of the rifle corps and the military marine . In addition to that force , the kingdom will have about 600 , 000 national guards , completely equipped , a sixth part of which , in case of need , nqay be mobilised , as was recently done by the battalions of Genoa and Turin . The military contingent of Central Italy is not included in the above , and its active army is about 30 , 000 men . "
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, THE ASSASSINS AT PARMA . Justice continues to be energetically carried out ; some new arrests have taken place . The municipality has determined on the destruction of tho column on which the head of Colonel Anviti was placed . . The supposed guilty are some of the worst characters in the city ; in addition to which they form part ot an organised society of Red Republicans .
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REVOLT IN SICILY . A Navjoks letter , of -the 15 th , in the Presse , says it is quite certain that there has been an insurrectionary movement in the neighbourhood ox Palermo . After a combat between t \\ epacsani and the military , an order was given that oil private individuals possessing arms should immediately give them up to the authorities . The correspondent gives this fact on tho evidence of travellers who saw the decree posted iu the streets of Palermo . As to tho
character of the conflict , and the probable consequences of -it , reports are various » na contradictory . The Liberals give out that the Insurrection , the head quarters of which are said to bo at Carini 0 * 7 kilometers to the left of Palermo ) , is a well planned and formidable one . T , lie ! Jnaurffents , they , say , haye got possession of a cannon taken out of a gunboat , ana are ,, likely to hold / out against < the royal troops fyv a Jong , time . On the othep hand , the c ^ ni—l iteral ly , people vrho v « W apigtaUsr + ani . opr proftrious expression . used to designate ultrft-Conaer *
vatives}—affirm that the emeute was a trifling one that it is now entirely put down , and that 150 rebel .. ' were killed . °
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,: _ ^ EVOLUTIONARY SYMPTOMS IN
HUNGARY . A Vienna letter contains the following : "A short time since , the petitions and addresses of the Hun garian Protestants would either have been pigeonholed or entirely-shelved , but during the last few weeks the Government has had occasion to remark that the Hungarians intend to make themselves heard . I know not what impression was produced on Baron Hubner * s mind by his visit to Hungary but it could hardly have been an agreeable one as he was plainly told that the Austrian Government would soon lose another kingdom if it continued to govern it as it had been doing for the last few years
One person , who spoke with even greater freedom than his fellows , declared that nothing but a representative form of government would satisfy the Hungarians . It is exceedingly difficult to obtain accurate intelligence from the eastern provinces of Austria , but during the last few days facts of importance have coine to niy knowledge . Some little time ago preparations were made for a general rising in Hungary , and there is reason to believe that there would have been a repetition of the scenes of 1848 if peace had not been concluded at Villafranca . " The very boys in the streets , " said my informant , " knew
there was something unusual going on , but the secret was so well kept that Government has never been able to get on the traces of the conspirators . " About a fortnight ago a daughter of the late Count Louis Batthyany was married , in Hungary , to one of her cousins , and among the persons invited to the nuptial festival was a young diplomatist who is attached to the Russian Lc-gation in this city . The rising Nesselrode expressed his political opinions with much greater freedom than is customary with diplomatists , and some of the most forcible expressions were made known to this Government .
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The Por-E ' s Dilemma . — The Duke of Grammont , "French Ambassador , continues to hold conferences at Castcl-Gandulfo . It is said that the 1 ' opc , acting in concert with the Emperor of the French , will address a Manifesto to the inhabitants of the States of the Church . Spain and Morocco . —^ The Spanish Government expects very shortly to receive an answer from Morocco to the demand for guarantees for the future preservation of peace ; the war preparations continue nevertheless . Advices have been received from Morocco , The Emperor , having put to flight his adversaries , made a triumphal entry into Mequinez . The Emperor has granted freedom of trade to the inhabitants .
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1172 THE LpftEB , [ No , 500 . Oct . 22 , 1859 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 22, 1859, page 1172, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2317/page/8/
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