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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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and , military knowledge transmitted to it by its ancestors , the House of Savoy has unceasingly sought to augment its own strength , power , and reputation , while it has been preparing for its great destiny as the protector of liberty throug h- ^ out the Peninsula . The continual tendency of Piedmont to increase in power and influence , especially after foreign invasions—to become the initiator and the centre of Italian leagues , to win credit , respect , and authority among the other Held oi
European Powers by her valour on the battle , by political wisdom manifested in the congresses in which she began to take part in the fifteenth century—has opened the way for the future regeneration of Italy , which is still so anxiously awaited . Thus Piedmont , which has ever remained an Italian Power , even in the midst of foreign domination , came to be considered m the seventeenth century as the legitimate representative of the whole nation , and openly assumed the defence of the Italian cause in the face of the
European potentates . , . , . Some of the great difficulties which m the fifteenth century stood in tlie way of Italian unification and nationality are now extinguished , or sensibly diminished ; for instance , the multi p licity of petty States has disappeared , and the spirit of munieipalism , in the course of recent events , has given way almost entirely , and been replaced by a sentiment of nationality now widely developed . But Italy is still divided into very nearly the same principal States , as in the time of Lorenzo the Magnificent , JVf acchiavelli and G-uicciardini , and whiSh were those of Turin , Milanj Veniewjj * Florence , the Pope , and Naples * ' Now , as then , life emanates , so to speak , from various centres , in a manner quite different from that which is the case in other nations of Europe , and which renders the immediate unification' of the Peninsula a matter of
no smaU difficulty . Apart from the present territorial condition of Italy and the complications of the Papal question , the old Italian system of federative union again presents itself as the best and most suitable for modern Italy , and as the way by which unity may hereafter be obtained . This federative union , if accomplished now , or hereafter , must rest upon the same principles as in the fifteenth century—the union of the States for their mutual and reciprocal preservation and safety , and for internal and external defence , while the independence of each is recogriraCd . The constitution of the Peninsula into a nation divided into three
or four great parts united by the bonds of a perpetual confederation , if it could be now carried out , would offer every prospect of stability for some time to come , and would be a step towards the absolute unification of all Italy at a future date . But to us it appears that the . world must have advanced to a state much more nearly resembling that in which the wolf and the lamb shall lie down together , before Austria arid Piedmont can meet on ^ friendly terms to discuss questions connected , however remotely , with social and liberal institutions .
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PRANCE . Paris , Thursday Evening . Now that Spain lias decided upon going to war witli Morocco , people begin to specillate as to what part France will take in the question . There seems to be a disposition on the part of the Government to attack Morocco on the' Algeriiie frontier , while Spain bombards Tangier . Some of the journals openly advocate the partition of the Moorish empire between France and Spain , and dream of the future conquest of the whole of Northern Africa , in which
case the Mediterranean would indeed become a French lake . The articles in the Morning Post upon the Italian question and the peace of Zurich have excited great dissatisfaction here . Your contemporary is looked upon as the organ of the Government , and the French journals see in these articles an indication on the part of Lord Palmerston , under whose inspiration they are auppposed to bo written , to oppose himself to the settlement by a congress of the affairs of Italy , and a refusal to take part in its councils . Attacks on British policy are increasing in number and in -virulence in the- columns of the daily WPSfc , Tho G < m 8 # mtionnclr which is known to be im # ? LQ o J 1 QFflm e . nt influence , contains a long and ^ Mawrtftflft £ ? % Ie Qn Irish grievances , denouncing J ^ jfefc . $ W ; *»« Jniquities of British mjwrule . — . Wffih ***^ Z * Opinion Nationule , in an article
on "L'Alliance Anglo-Francais , " dwells on Napoleon the First ' s prophecy , that the British aristcforaey would fall like the Venetian Republic ; and looks forward with evident satisfaction to the part which the " Soldier of God , " la belle France , will take in the coming struggle , when the proud Albion shall be levelled to the dust . . The tone adopted by the Univers , and the mendacity of the assertions which it makes in support of its views , have contributed to estrange many minds from Catholicism . The falsehoods of M . Louis Veuillot ' s organ are constantly being exposed and held up to derision by its contemporaries . A few days ago it published a correspondence from horrible of
the Papal Legations detailing a scene blasphemy said to have been perpetrated at Pesaro . According to the last romance published in the Univers , the mob entered a church and pillaged the sacred vestments and other articles used in tlie celebration of the offices . From this they proceeded to parody the sacrifice of the MasSi Naked women formed the choir , and acted as acolytes , while a . drunken soldier , in a like state of nudity , discharged the mock functions of celebrant . However ingenious , and worthy of the pen of Dumas or Sue , this story is actually laughed at by the contemporary French press , by whom it is considered as fabulous as : most other stories put in circulation by the Ultramontane
organ . . The past week has witnessed the final close of the celebrated Divan Procope in the Rue "Lepelletier . It was the favourite resort of all the literary men in Paris , and upon its cushions of faded velvet might be seen lounging the greatest notabilities of the literary world down to the meanest scribes , some en - gaged at cards , others at dominoes , and all smoking . Bather a good story of imposition has found its way into the papers . A gentleman was detained at the omnibus office , near the Palais Royal , awaiting a vehicle to convey him to the Ternes . The rain fell in torrents , and every omnibus was full , labelled with the terrible word " complet , " so familiar to a belated Parisian . A stranger accosts this gentleman , and points out to his notice an empty cab , which he begs him to engage jointly with
himself , as he is going the same road , and he urges the necessity of prompt proceedings , or they will be detained there the whole evening . The gentleman assents to this , and tHI stranger hires the cab . Before entering the vehicle -they take a glass of absinthe together at the neighbouring restaurant , and thus fortified , they ride , indulging in cheerful converse , until their arrival at the Barrier of Neuilly . Here the stranger alights , giving the gentleman fifteen sous , which he tells him is the half of the fare , and they bid each other farewell . When the gentleman is set down at his door he is informed , to his sorrow and amazement , that the fare , instead of being thirty sous , amounts to ten francs and a half , as the cab had been hired at an early hour of the day . His remonstrances are in vain ; an appeal is made to the Commissaire of Police , but the cabman ' s demand is confirmed .
A few days ago some passengers on the boulevards picked up a great many pieces of gold , of twenty , ten , and five francs . Moneys to the amount of 700 francs , picked up in this way , were deposited with the agents of police in the course of a few hours . It appears that a clerk in a large commercial firm had dropped a sura of 1 , 200 francs on his way from a bank . The remaining 500 francs has not yet turned up ; the papers charitably hope that the individuals who have found them are , for the present , prevented by their business engagements from making its-restitution . Among recent novelties , a yathting fever has seized the Frenph . Last week a magnificent yacht , d la , Anglaisc , was launched into the Seine , near Bercy , in the presence of a crowd of delighted spectators .
The weather has become very cold within the last few days , and a good deal of rain has fallen at the commencement of the present week . This change in the temperature is bringing many persona from the country to Paris . The article in the Times on the Morocco question is favourably received , arid the Presae takes occasion to remark that the alleged dispute between Lord Palm era ton and Count Fersigny is probably a false rumour .
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GERMANY . Bridmbn , October 26 th , 1859 . —If the English nre desirous of seeing themselves as others see the » , they have only to . learn the tongues and road tho journals of their nearest neighbours of the Continent ; they will have then no occasion to echo the prayer of the Scotch poet for supernatural ' assistance in the search after self-knowledge . Ever since the Italian war , more especially , the continental papers have devoted a good deal of space to the discussion of English affulra , particularly the state of the fleet ana army . If I could persuade myself that the dissertations would prove new to your readers , and
interest and horrify them to the extent they do me , I would venture a few translations for their behoof and painful excitement . But as almost every one is now a traveller , and every traveller an animated polyglot , perhaps your readers ore as well acquainted with the England of the continental journals , and the Englishman of the continental theatres , as is your correspondent ; and it will therefore suffice to inform such as are living at home at ease that the belief is as general as the assertion , that the Emperor of the French at this moment—not Britanniarules the waves . Whether the statesmen share the belief , of course , I cannot say , but this much is
certain , that press and people in Germany look upon France as a more dangerous enemy and more valuable friend than England . ' Tis true , the proof of the pudding is in the eating , but it takes a vast amount of labour , trouble , and expense sometimes to beat the truth into men ' s minds . The aspirations of the peace party in England have made our neighbours warlike . As an Englishman , it is very awkward to be obliged to listen to these prophecies of the defeat and decline of Old England , and one cannot help wishing that the occasion may soon occur which will recall the memory of Nelson to the present generation that seems to know him not .
The national unity and reform movement still shows signs of life , I am pleased to say . Mr . Von Bennigsen , whose name deserves to be widely known as a . noble and energetic patriot , has published a call to join the National Verein , which has its headquarters now at Coburg , the police authorities at Frankfort having , as your readers are aware , refused to sanction its meetings there . The Association commenced its . sittings at Coburg on the 18 th inst ., the anniversary of the battle of Leip ' sig . The Prince of Prussia and the Emperor of Russia
liave met at Breslau . A report is making the round of the papers that on the arrival of the Emperor at " Warsaw , he was met at . the railway station by the Archduke Albert of Austria , who , after the first interchange of compliments was over , hinted that the Emperor Francis Joseph would be happy to welcome his Majesty on the frontier . The Russian Emperor , however , niost politely expressed his regret tliat it was out of his power to visit Austria during this journey , which he had undertaken solely to pay a family visit to his uncle , the Prince Regent of Prussia .
The Austrian Gazette announces the resignation of Bafon Von Hubner , and Graf Griinne , adjutantgeneral . People are puzzled at these resignations , more especially at Baron Von Hubner ' s withdrawal from the Ministry of Police , to which he was so very lately appointed . The Liberals regard it ns a sign that the Austrian Emperor has already grown weary of his labours in the field of reform and progress . The Austrian journals offer no clue to this im-The Ostdeutsche Past
portant change of ministers . merely remarks that the resignation of Count Griinne has no connexipn with that of the minister Von Hubner . With reference to the event it says : 46 classes of the population are astounded that the rumours of a change have been so rapidly fulfilled . Public sympathy accompanies this minister in Ins retirement . Above all , the press have most reason to retain a grateful remembrance of the short official activity of Chevalier Von Hubner . " Hubner is Von
The successor of Von Baron Thierry , who occupied a high position in tbe foreign office during the ministry of the late Prince Scliwartzenburgh . After the death of the Prince , Baron Von Thierry retired to his estate near Sftltzburg , where he remained till the appointment of Count Rechberg to the foreign office , whereupon ho returned to fill a confidential position , in which it appears he has acquired the high approval of tno Emperor , On receiving his j > ortfolio lie toolc nn early opportunity of inviting the heads of the Vicuna press into his presence for the purpose of assuring them that the personal change which have occurred wbuld produce no difference with regard to tno acknowledgment of the importance of the press , ana
a duo respect for its legal freedom . This assurance has filled the Vienna editors with joy , and they vent the hope that the change will also lead to no alteration in the programme of 23 rd of August , announcing the works of reform . . The following anecdote is related by . several journals with the view , doubtless , of showing t > ° non-German character of tlie Emperor ot Ausirm . Count Goluchowski , on being offered the portfolio oi ^ Ministry of the Interior was so astonished at It , mi " te said to the Emperor on their first interview : — " Your Majesty is probably not aware that I am a Polo . " "You are an Austrian , " replied Inincjs Joseph , "I am an Austrian subject , your Maj esty , oi ui
but by nation a Pole . " " Well , then , you arc « Solovonieaaraco , and I have ever reckoned most upo " my Solavonican peoples . " Goluchowski made ma acceptance of the office dopondont upon tour conditions : —1 . The formation of a W » r Ol « co . - The reduction of the army to a poaoo footing . •<•• The appointment of Provincial Assemblies . *• **
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¦ j . 204 THE LEADER . [ Wo . 501 . QfcT . 29 , 1859 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 29, 1859, page 1204, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2318/page/16/
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