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designs upon the independence and upon the empire of England are cherished by any government or po ^ tentates in other countries . I presume hot to read state secrets , nor is it for me , in the responsible position in which I and my colleagues have been placed , to presume to pretend that we can communicate to you any intelligence of which you are not already equally the masters . But this I will say , with reference to the form of our constitution , and
especially with reference to that house in which I have the honour of a seat , that if there be any foreign government or foreign potentate who , on the supposed distractions and political dissensions of our form of government , believes that he has found elements upon which he may calculate for pursuing with success any system of aggression or of violent ambition , then I can assure that government or that ruler that they mistake the character and the geriius of the English people and the English constitution . had of the
After the Earl of Egdintoun spoken increasing prosperity of Ireland , and expressed his approval of the course Lord Derby had pursued at Do , Sir John Pakington took credit to the late Government for the increased strength of our navy . Xord Stanley said : —I think it is impossible for any one who has watched the public events of the last fifteen or twenty years not to see that a great change has come over the feelings and ideas of this country . There never was a time when extreme opinions , both in Parliament and out of it , were more thoroughly discountenanced than they are at the present moment . There never was a time when our parliamentaryjparties were more thoroughly united
in desiring to carry , or , what is sometimes harder to do ,.. in desiring to see carried , even by others , measures of practical and useful reform . The grievances , real or supposed , which formed the bitter curse of the last generation , have , for the most part , died away ; and I do not see that a new cry has risen up to take their place . The old breach between the landed and the mercantile and manufacturing interest has been effectually and finally closed : and I believe that those tyro great interests are more thoroughly identified in sympathy find in . feeling than at any previous period of our history . The masses are conservative because they are contented , and they will remain conservative , for with them
political agitation is . only a symptom and an indication of social uneasiness , and they will remain conservative so long as we ( the governing , classes of this country ) bear in mind that-the true conservative policy consists not merely in checking agitation where it lias arisen , but in anticipating agitation by removing its cause . On the subject of our Indian empire his lordship remarked—After twelve months of intimate connexion with Indian affairs , I venture to say , although it is not now the fashion to be sanguine upon that subject , that I am sanguine as to the future prospects of British India . Asiatics are not so unlike Europeans as it is very often the fashion to suppose . Treat them fairly and kindly , and you
may govern the natives successfully . If we do that , which I fear we have not at all f irmer periods of our history done—if we treat the native princes of independent states with strict fairness and justiceif we abstain from rash and foolish intermeddling with native customs and ideas—if we open to native industry and talent the opportunities for a higher career than they have hitherto enjoyed , and the service of the British Government , and if we carry out the policy which of late years has been initiatedthe policy of opening out the country to British enterprise and capital- —if those four conditions of Indian government be fulfilled , I nm convinced that in a few years we shall see nothing 1 of the financial
difficulties which at present appear so formidable . We must recollect that the great cause of the financial embarrassment of India is its enormous military expenditure , and the amount of that expenditure in future years , so far as the internal defence and protection of the country are concerned , will mainly depend on whether you determine to adopt and carry out a policy of justice , or a policy of coercion and force . The financial Reformers of Liverpool will shortly commence their campaign by a soiree in the Philharmonic-hull , at which Messrs . Oobden and Bright will be present . Owing to the absence of Mr . Cobden on the Continent they have not yet been
able to fix a day for tjie demonstration , but it will probably taku place towards tho end of the present month or the beginning of December . Tho soiree is is intended to be followed by a public meeting on tho night afterwards in the Amphitheatre , over which Lord Brougham is expected to preside . The speech of the Changeixoit ov tub Exoiikqubji on Tuesday at Cambridge in ay well claim a place among the " political foreshadowings " of the day ,, since the success of tho christianising and civilising mission which ho advocated , if successful , must produce In time an immense increase of power And Influence to tho sceptre of the Sovereign of this mighty empire . The mooting wns In support of tho M Oxford and Cambridge Mission to Central Africa . "
and was held in the Senate-house , of the University of Cambridge . The largest audience ever remembered there came together , and was addressed by the "Vice-Chancellor , Mr . Gladstone , the Bishop of Oxford , the Bishop of Grahanistown , Sir George Grey ( of the Cape ) , Mr . Walpole , M . P ., and several of the Professors . The meeting , as was explained by the Vice-Chancellor , was held to take those steps which Dr . Livingstone had indicated as necessary to the promotion of successful missions to Central Africa , the Oxford and Cambridge Universities uniting for the purpose . It has been fully resolved to establish a mission to those regions—not exactly a new missionary society , for the promoters hope to be able , in
the course of time , to hand over their mission to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign PartSi This organisation has , been established under such distinguished auspices that there is little doubt it will be well supported A new and remarkable feature enters into the plan of this mission . As Dr . Livingstone had declared that civilisation and Christianity should be worked together as twin sisters , it is deemed advisable that the funds shall be employed in the advancement of science arid the useful arts , as well as in the preaching of the Gospel , and especial attention will , at the same time , be given to questions connected with the slave trade . Mr . Gladstone
said—There are three principal modes in we can aid in the extension of the Gospel—the contribution of funds , the contribution of prayers , and the contribution of personal services . The contribution of funds is the lowest and meanest by far . But the greatest of all these contributions is that which backs prayer with service—that which renders up the highest of all sacrifices upon the altar of God—viz ., the sacrifice of life ; of strength , of health , of time , of energies , of acquirements , of honours , of everything that has been gratifying to the flesh and to the mind . Such is the great treasure by means of which alone the work before us can be successfully prosecuted ; and where is it you are to
seek the means of furnishing that splendid contribution , if it be not in the two Universities of England ? I had not the honour of forming the personal acquaintance of Dr . Livingstone , but yet , having become acquainted with his labours as he has given them to the world , and having watched Ms course of proceedings in this country , I cannot refrain from adding my tribute to the universal' admiration which his whole character has drawn from the will- ' ing hearts of his fellow-country mou . Dr . JLiviugstone , in my opinion , gave no more significant mark of the height of his intelligence and the true greatness of his mind than when he chose to make Oxford and Cambridge the great centres of his efforts at home . He knew well . that though this great country has much beside her universities , yet no small part
of her energy and power beats within the hearts of our two universities , and especially of their youth . Dr . Livingstone is such a man as raises our idea of the age in which we live . That simplicity inseparable from true grandeur , that breadth and force , that superiority to all worldly calls and enjoyments , that rapid and keen intelligence , that power of governing men , and that delight in governing them for their own good—he has every sign upon him of a great man , and his qualities are precisely those which commend themselves with resistless power to the young , by whom we see this building crowded . I have stated that which is ainong my deepest convictions , that the two Universities of England are the placeB in which we are to find , not the mere silver and gold , but the human materials by which , under God , this great work is to be accomplished .
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THE CHANNEL FLEET IN THE GREAT STOKM . Aftjbr , the deplorable accounts which wo •* have received of the results of the late tempest among ^ our merchant shipping , it was natural to expect that great anxiety would bo felt as to the behaviour of our newly-organised channel fleet under Admiral Elliot . ' » An eye witness , " thus describes tho proceedings of that force , and it "will bo allowed that his account is very satisfactory . The fleet comprised tho Hero , Captain Seymour , bearing the Admiral ' s flags the Trafalgar , Captain Fanshawo ; the Donegal , Captain Glanville ; the Algiers ,
Captain O'Callaghan ; tho Aboukir , Captain Schomberg ; tho Mersey , Captain OaldweU j the Emeral < l j and tho Melpomene , Captain Ewart . The ahlps remained in Queenstown a week . On Saturday tho admiral received his orders to proceed with tho fleet to sea . Tho harbour was filled with shipping-, a fresh north wind blowing . The ships sailed out in beautiful stylo , threading their way through a quantity of shipping . On Monday afternoon , after sorao excellent gunnery praeticc , several heavy storms of hail and sleet came from tho N . W ., and continued during the night , with very variable winds . After quarters at aunsofc tho topsails wore double reefed , and courses roofed
for the night . Variable winds still prevailed . The weather set in very dirty at S . E . ; with increasing wind and heavy rain . The third reefs were taken in the topsails about 9 a . m . » and shortly after topgallant-yards sent on deck ; tcpgallantmasts struck by signal ; and also a signal , " Admiral will endeavour to go to Plymouth , " " Form two columns ; form the line of battle . " The wind increased to a fury , vith torrents of rain towards 11 a . m ., with very thick weather , the wind heading the ships off , so that it became very doubtful if the sternmost ships could possibly get into the Sound , although lp was probable the Hero and the headmost ships could get in . Admiral Elliot then decided at once (
although he knew his exact position , having made the Eddystone Lighthouse ) to wear the fleet together and stand off and face the gale . Although the leading ships were in good positions to wear , it was not so witli those in the rear of the line . The Aloukir had just passed the Eddystone ; the Trafalgar and Emerald were still in the rear ; the Trafalgar having been detained to pick up a man who had fallen , overboard from the jibbooin , which was executed with great skill . The Aboukir immediately wore , set her courses , and dashed to windward of the lighthouse by carrying a press of sail , and weathered it half a mile , followed closely by the Mersey . The Algiers , Melpomeneand Trafalgar passed it very closely to
, leeward , as the Hand Deeps were under their lee . Added to these difficulties there was a perfect fleet of trawlers , vessels unmanageable while their trawl is towing , so that it required the greatest skill to avoid running them down . What must have been the sight from , the lighthouse—these leviathan ships darting about like dolphins round it in the fury of the storm , defying the elements , and the little trawlers , with their masts bending like reeds to the gale ! The signal was made to get up steam to secure the safety of the ships . The ships then got their canvas reduced and stood off the land . The Mersey and the Melpomene furled their sails , and got up steamthe former stalwart ship moving along
, like an ocean giant : The gale still increased until about 3 p . m ., remaining very -thick with rain . It then for some three hours blew a perfect hurricane , considerably harder than it had previously . The ships stood up well , arid kept in open order through the niglit ; they wore in succession by night signal at about 1 a . m ., made the land at daylight near the Start Point , formed a line of battle by signal , got the steam « p , and carrying sail came up Channel at about 11 knot speed , steamed into Portland , and took up their anchorage without the loss of a sail , a spar , or a rope yarn . This appears highly creditable to newly-organised ships , —some only a few months together , the senior not a . year .
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NAVAL AND MILITARY . An order has been issued by the authorities at the War-office , cancelling all previous orders given for the immediate shipment of military stores to be sent to China . Several members of the staff , who were under orders to ' sail on the 4 th proximo , have , we believe , received countermanding orders . The Gazette has the following announcement as to the commander of the forces , while advices from India state that Lord Clyde proceeds with 10 , 000 men , and the stoaraer Proserpine takes from Calcutta a large quantity of ammunition : —" Major-General Sir James Hope Grant , K . C . B ., to have the local rank of lieutenant-general , and to command the forces in
China . " Tho only vessels sailed since our last are the Imperieuse , 51 guns , screw-frigote ; the Pearl , 21 guusT ; Snake and llenard , each 4 guns } aU Calling at the Cape . Tho Clio , it uppears , is not tor the China station , but for Vancouver s Island . Ot the French part of the expedition we hear daily contradictions , and we can only say that nothing authentic lias transpired to contradict the , statements made in our last , but they are certainly very ainnr in nroimrinir . and no doubt our action is
clogged by the alliance . Her Majesty ' s 99 th Regiment , which was under orders to proceed to China , is now to be retained in India , to the infinite disgust of those officers who had already disposed of tlieir furniture and horses . The 07 iji n \ xd the Buffs , it is suid , will shortly embark for Shanghai , whither they will be accompanied or followed by several . Sikh corps , The last French news is , that the friffato Porseverance and tho transport Khono liavo been definitively ordored for China . The forme * is to take out 450 soldiers , and , in addition to lier orew , CO sailors , and the latter 850 soldiers and 00
?• Wo entirely concur with Sir Wm . Armstrong , " says tho Steam Shipping Chronicle , "that any attonapt to nrosorvc tho secret of his gun would bo a Biiuulo impossibility . Any intelligent workman employed in its construction would at once become master of the secret , and could obtain such a price for it from any foreign government , as would necessarily purchase his services . But wo do not altogether agree with tho talented engineer in his belief that no
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t f o , 502 . Nov . 5 , 18590 , THE LEADER W ?
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 5, 1859, page 1217, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2319/page/5/
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