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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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NAPOLEON'S LETTER . Our correspondent in Paris ( says the Times ') ] has received the following : most important document from a friend in Italy . It is a letter addressed by the Emperor of the French , on [ tho [ 2 *) th inst ., to the King of Sardinia . Our correspondent adds that he lias no hesitation in guaranteeing its authenticity i—44 Monsieur mon Frere , —I write to-day to your Majesty in order to set forth to you the present
situation of affairs , to remind you of the past , and to settle -with you the course which ought to be followed for the future . The circumstances are grave ; it is requisite to lay aside Illusions and sterile regret * , and to examine carefully the real state of mffairs . Thus , the question is not now whether I Have done well or Uf in making peace at Villafranca , but rntlier to obtain from the treaty results the iojioelt favourable for the pacification of Italy and for th ' cr xetose Of Europe . ' '" Before entering on the discussion of this -question , I am anxious tp recall oh , ce more to
your -Majesty the obstacles which rendered every definitive negotiation and every definitive treaty so difficult . "In point of fact , war has often fewer complications than peace . In the former two interests only are in presence of each other- ^ the attack and the defence ; in the latter , on the contrary , the point is to reconcile a multitude of interests , often of an opposite character . This is what actually occurred at the moment of the peace . It was necessary to conclude a treaty that should secure in the best possible manner the independence of Italy , which should satisfy Piedmont and the wishes of the population , and yet which should not wound the Catholic sentiment or the rights of the Sovereigns in whom Europe felt an interest .
"I believed then that if the Emperor of Austria wished to come to a frank understanding with me , with the view of bringing about this important result , the causes of antagonism -which for centuries had divided these two empires would disappear , and that the regeneration of Italy would be effected by common accord , and without further bloodshed . " I now state what are , in my opinion , the essential * conditions of that regeneration : — " Italy to be composed of several independent States , united by a federal bond . " Each of these States to adopt a particular representative system and salutary reforms . " The Confederation to then ratify the principle of Italian nationality ; to have but one flag , but one system of Customs , and . one currency .
"JTlie directing cen / re to be at Rome , which should be composed of representatives named by the Sovereigns from a list prepared by the Chambers , in order that in this species of diet the influence of the reigning families suspected of a leaning towards Austria , should be counterbalanced by the element resulting from election . : " By granting to the Holy Father , the honorary Presidency of the Confederation the religious sentiment of Catholic Europe would be satisfied , the
moral influence of the Pope would be increased throughout Italy , and would enable him to make concessions in conformity with the legitimate wishes of the populations . Now , the plan which . I had formed at the moment of making peace may- still be be carried but if your Majesty will employ your influence in promoting it . Besides , a considerable advance has been already niade in that direction . " The cession of Loinbardy , with a limited debt , is an accomplished fact .
" Austria has given up her right to keep garrisons in the strong places of Piacenza , Ferrara , and Commachio . " The rights of the Sovereigns have , it is true , been reserved , but the independence of Central Italy has also been guaranteed , inasmuch as all idea of foreign intervention has been formally set aside ; and , lastly , "Ventia is to become a province purely Italian . It is the real interest of your Majesty , as of the Peninsula , to second me in the development of this plan , in order to obtain from it the best results , for your Majesty cannot forget that I am bound by the treaty ; and I cannot , in the Congress which is about to open , withdraw myself from my engagements . The part of France is traced beforehand .
" We demand that Parma and Piacenza shall be united to Piedmont , because this territory is , in a strategical point of view , indispensable to her . " We demand that the Duchess of Parma shall be called to Modena ; , . ' ¦ That Tuscany , augmented , perhaps ' , by a portion of territory , shall be restored to the Grand Puke Ferdinand ; " That a system of moderate ( sage " ) liberty shall be adopted in all the States of Italy ; " That Austria shall frankly disengage herself from an incessant cause of embarrassment for the future , and that < she shall consent to complete the nationality of Venetia , by creating not only a separate representation and administration , but also an Italian army . 14
We demand that the fortresses of Mantua and Pcschidra shall be recognised as federal fortresses ; 44 , lastly , that a Confederation based on the real wants , as well as on the traditions of the Peninsula , to the exclusion of every foreign influence , shall consolidate the fabric of the independence of Italy . . 14 1 shall neglect nothing for the attainment of this great result , let your Majesty be convinced of it , my sentiments will not vary , and so far as the interests of France are not opposed to it , I shall always be happy to serve the cause for which we have combated together . " Palace of St . Cloud , 20 th of October , 1861 ) . "
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DE JIONTALEMBERT'S NEW IMBROGLIO . The Count de Montalembert has once more done his best to make the French Government feel the weight of his pen , now devoted to the strange twin-purpose of extolling the Holy See and constitutional Government . His article , which this time is decidedl y more Of the Ultramontane than of the constitutional stamp , has brought down the first warning on that journal to whicli it is contributed , the well-known Correspondant . The Moniteur has given the reason why . The French Government looks upon the article as slandering the war it has carried on in Italy , and reannihilated the
presenting that this war has temporal pbiver of the Pope , and has treated it insultingly . It also charges the writer with comparing Napoleon III . arid Victor Emmanuel to Nicolo Machiavelli . The comparison to one of the best patriots Italy ever possessed , and one of the acutest writers any nation may boast of , is certainly a new kind of insult in itself ; and how can Louis Napoleon and Victor Emmanuel , of all other men , complain of this , professing , as they do , to carry out the same purpose which Machiavelli had in view all his life long—Tiamely , the national independence and unity of Italy ? It is said that De Montalembert will be subjected to a new prosecution .
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SUSPECTED COMBINATION OF FRANCE AND SPAIN / A . communique sent to all the French papers denies that France is about to co-operate with Spain in the approaching attack against Morocco . Neither ships , money , rtor , in a word , assistance of any kind is to be given . This official contradiction of a palpable and weU-aseertained fact is quite In keeping with the contradiction to the reports of military and naval preparations which periodically appeared in the Moniteur before the breaking out of the war in Italy .
A letter from Brussels says : " In spite of the semiofficial article sent to the Paris papers , letters from welMnfoTined . persons received here to-day , state most positively that M Mon has made a request for materials of war , to which Marshal Randon , Minister of War , has given his consent . Thirty thousand Frenchmen are in marching order on the frontiers of Morocco ; a Spanish force about equally numerous is collecting in Algesiras Bay , where French and Spanish steamers are at anchor , ready to carry them across . So much for non-co-operation . As for the
pecuniary part of the matter , it is , indeed , incorrect to say that France has come down with a sum in hard cash ; but tents , waggons , and ammunitioncarts have been given to Spain , for which the Madrid Cabinet will presently be called upon to pay . " The first contest of arms on the soil of Morocco has taken place . It is not Spain , however , but France which claims the first success over the infidel . A regiment of General Martimprey ' s Zouaves , which was in Ouchda , has had to force the entrance to a valley on the frontier , and is reported as having succeeded after three hours' fighting .
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Paris News , —The Duke of Padua , Minister o the Interior , has retired . The Moniteur states that ill-health is the cause of this , and it seems that M . BillauU is appointed the Duke ' s successor . It cannot for a moment be overlooked that the . course which the Duke of Padua has taken towards the ]> ress has made him a most unpopular administrator , for , although he must have acted in accordance with the mind of the Emperor , his decisions and decrees had every appearance of indiscretion for which lie is himself accountable . Possibly M . Billaujt v ill carry out the same principles of restriction , and nmy manage to do so in a less offensive
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THE ITALIANS AND THEIR LEADERS . The Indipendente of Turin states that Garibaldi arrived there on the 28 th ult ., in compliance with a summons from the King . At Vbghera ho said ;— . " With a Kjng like Viator Emmanuel , with an army Vko 9 urfl , and with a people like you , Italy should
not stop until she has freed ihe last inch of her soil from the heel of the foreigner ! " Ol 1 . It is said that the interview between the Kine of Sardinia and General Garibaldi , was not the most satisfactory . Garibaldi declared frankly to the Kine that Italy was betrayed , and that he should nut himself at the head of the revolution ; and that Victor Emmanuel replied that he hoped he would not commit such an absurdity , but that , if he did so there was no alternative but to employ force to prevent it . It is stated that the French Government has received favourable despatches from the Duke de Grammont at Rome , and that the Holy Father had announced to the Duke that after the insurgents in the Romagna have returned to their allegiance which he presumes they will do after the restoration of the Grand Dukes , he will readily grant all the reforms recommended by the Emperor Napoleon .
An Italian correspondent writes : — "It would be a great blessing , I believe , if Garibaldi would begin his operations against the enemy by turning doating dictators , drivelling ministers , and pedantic state secretaries adrift , as Bonaparte did in 1799 , when he , by a necessary coup d ' etat , rid himself of the dvocats . Garibaldi at the head of all civil and military powers in Central Italy , the King as Dictator in Northern Italy , with Cavour as his sole minister , and Cialdini , as his solo general , —such is , perhaps , the only arrangement that could bring Italy out of her present throes . Garibaldi sees too clearly that the volunteers of the Itomagnese and other Central Italian divisions are not to be kept
to their standards without the prospect of striking some great , decisive blow , before the winter sets in-. The judicial examination , which has been commenced at Parma makes but little progress . The principal actors in the murder of Anviti are said to have taken to flight , and are already in a place of safety ; as to those who have been arrested , no one will be found to come forward against them . A part of the population would openly take part in their favour if they dared , and the populace are well armed . Farini dares not attack them boldly , because he perhaps feels that in that layer of society , consists his principal force against the reactionists , whom he fears and detests above all things .
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The Sicilian Insurrection . —According to advices received from Sicily the insurrection there has not ceased . The insurgents have withdrawn into the mountains . The brothers Mantrichi are at the head of ^ the movement . Reinforcements of troops are being continually despatched by the Neapolitan Government to quell the insurrection . Numerous arrests have taken place at Palermo , Cassano , and Messina . The Turkish Conspiracy . — "Advices from Constantinople of the 26 tli ult . state that the new Grand Vizier insisted , in the first place , that the
culprits in the late conspiracy should not be executed . To this the Sultan has readily given his consent . The sympathies of the population continue to be in favour of the accused . The Grand Vizier demands complete reforms , and wishes that the chief religious dignitaries shall contribute largely to the public taxes , and that the Sultan shall sacrifice one-third of his own revenue . The Grand Vizier having met with resistance to these measures among his colleagues , a modification of the Ministry will therefore take place . It is stated that Ethera Pasha will succeed Fuad Pasha . "
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THE ATTEMPTED INSURRECTION IN VIRGINIA . The news which has at present arrived of the outbreak at Harper ' s Ferry , in Virginia , is not very clear , but it is satisfactory to know that it has been suppressed with very slight loss of life ; it was not a negro insurrection , but was originated by a man named Brown ; of Kansas notoriety . Tho , V 1 1 "P ; States troops in storming the Armoury , ot whioutne rioters had taken possession , lost several men ; some citizens were killed , also some of the rtotorsi Later accounts from Washington stato that B » wn and the other prisoners who had been taken naa been sent to Charleston , whyre thoy woulu i > o indicted and tried . Brown had made a confession w found
Governor Wise . Papers that have boon In nw possession implicated Gerrit Smith , Joshua Gidaings , and other Abolitionists whofUrnished money . Brown , whose wounds were not serious , says ho l > ? . .. m ) plated this movement since 1856 * AH his pnn-y were either killed or captured , except one . i ' said that the papers do not sliow that the W ° f ™ Harper ' s Ferry were partakers boforo tho ' act m " »« conspiracy . It had been thought proper not to publish yet , tho names of tlie conspirators , •»»*» ' appears the whole offajr Vns organised wiu » cwu sttferablo care . A constitution and code of nww were drawn up , to which tho conspirators were bounu to accede . A manifesto by Gorrft Smith , d' * **'" Auguet last to tho chairman of the Jerry rescuer " , curiously foreshadows the outbreak toad its ftttenaans
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1220 THE LEADEB [ No . 502 . Nov . 5 , ISSQ .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 5, 1859, page 1220, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2319/page/8/
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