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THE SL'PPLV OF HMiS.
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Such readiness to allow Ycnetla to remain the prey . pt Austria , and such willingness to " place-obstacles' in the way of the liberation of Hungary , are not consistent with a thorough-going love of liberty , founded - upon principles -which a free country should approve . \ Yc think Loui « Nai'olkox vuwkc in * : provokmg alarm and hostility 1 > y this Savoy scheme , and ridicule the idea of " France being in danger because Italy will be mistress of her own destinies ; for if ever danger existed , it ' was when the passes of the Alps were virtually under the control of the' powerful empire of Austria , and might have been used against France in the event of any quarrel in which ( lennany vras involved . But we are not going to serve the cause . of -the
Hapsbuugs , and clauiage the interests of Italy and Hungary by hounding on Europe-to a coalition against France . It is ipiite possible that the influence of . England might make' the French Government unwillingly abandon its desire of having the passes of Savoy ; . but if by so " doing we alienate -France from Sardinia , and give new hopes and vigour to the Austrian cause , can it be pretended that we have done any good 1- If we choose to say to Sardinia , " Don't cede Savoy , but rely upon us to . help you if Austria dares to offer molestation , " there would be some consistency in . the conduct ; but . ' while we are onl y ready to look on and applaud the performers who please us , as if the whole affair was ait operatic spectacle , we ought to be chary of advice which France dislikes and Sardinia does not need . Our apprehensions
mav likewise be calmed by a passtige in-Sir . J .. IEldson's letter to " Lord John Hussjkli ., * dated February 10 th , in which our minister at Turin says : " The . people of Savoy have long been divided , into two separatist parties , one for France , the other for Switzerland . ' The valleys which open , on France , for France ; those which open on Switzerland—Aiuiecy ,. for instance—are for Switzerland . ' The news from Austria and from Italy is more and more warlike , and nothing nould better serve tire bad interests ot absolutism than obstructing the free action of Sardinia in making the . most . effective preparation * and . alliances to meet tin ; struggle which appears daily more imminent . It is confidentl y hoped will be
that the result of tin ; appeal to . universal •' suffrage . a triumphant . majority in . favour of annexing the . Duchies and Tuscany to Sardinia ; and it . is believed that the arrangement's with reference to the -Iloniagna will not lead to aiiy . niisiniderstanding between the Courts of the Tuileries and Turin . It is Austria , and Austria only , who opposes impracticable obstacles to the continuance of peace ; and , instead of wasting energy upon the question of Savoy , it would be better to take tinie ^' by the forelock and declare that if Italy is again attacked , England aiid France will not permit llussia to undertake any operations in Hung . iry with a view of preventing , the independence- of that country if it choose to throw off . the Austrian yoke , nor with that of enabling Francis Joskimi to . pour additional
forces upon the Italian , plains . We are glad to notice that Count C . vvouu appeals to Europe against the barbarities which Austria is perpetrating upon the Venetians . We must < ro back to the worst days of the worst Eastern despotism for any decree so cruel and barbarous us that by which any person * suspected of being anxious for the liberation of their country nre , without any regard to their state , ol health , ' condemned to penal . servitude in the military nmk . * . While acting , upon snc-li principles , it . will be . in vain for Awsiriu t
to go through the farce of remodelling the constituion of her state council ; nor will she bench ' t Popery by holding it up tothe execration of humanity as the accomplice in her crime * . The moral feeling of England condemns wars of aggression wul wars of diplomacy , ibr the idle purpose of keeping up ni-tiUcinl hulauces among despotic States . The only balance the ; Nritisli poople can ; to maintain is Hint of justice and popular right ; and whatever may be the futuriMlniim-cntions of Kuropy , they will rejoice iu any movement by which nations are uplifted and . their oppressors ensi down . '
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IT had been announced in Parliament that the- two powerlul ( iovcrrimonts of'Frnnce and England are engaged iu negotiations about rags ; and interested manufacturers and leading journals linvo complained fiercely of the French Government for prohibiting the oxporUitiou of thorn . That ; one Uovemiuonf ahould be onger to withhold and others nnxious to get wh ' ut in proverbially worthless is due to the fact , that ragrf air the raw material of our moafc < 'x . ( niordiiiiiry nmuufneture . We m * o far bettor acquainted with the modern improvement * of tlio art of paper-making tlum with its origin , and now its products ai » e singularly various . From being chiefly uhciI for writing and printing some persons imagine ! ft in Jittle required for liny thing else ; but though indispensable for thorn , they am only a few of the manv usi'rf to winch it is applied . ' . I'Into and jewellery arc
wrapt uj ) . iii thedelicate tissue paper which almost disappears-- ' we crumble it iu -our hands ; - and solid cornices for rooms , frames for looking-glasses and pictures , are composed ., of tlte same substance . The art may be shortly •' ¦ ¦ described as the means of liquefying vegetable - matter by water , as smelting is the art of liquefying . mineral matter by heat , and casting it into leaves thinner and . finer titan those of the most aerial plant , arid manipulating' it into luinps massive as granite rocks . Between these two extremes the forins into which this liquefied vegetable , matter may be run , avid the uses to which it . may be put , ate infinite . ; and importations from Japan have latterly practically convinced vis that the glorious , art has been cramped and stinted in its growth throughout the Western world , and especially in England , bv ignorant aiid unintentionally mischievous fiscal regulations ,. . , . An explanatory report of the Inland Revenue Commissioners ' to the Treasury , published by the- authority of Parliament on Tuesday last , informs us that British merchants are compelled to import light paper boxes made in Germany , in-which to pack their goods for the foreign market , because our excise regulations and duties concerning pasteboard prevent such boxes being made in England . It further informs us that the best reguhitions concerning -pasteboard and sealeboard , concerning . envelopes . ' made in paper -mills and envelopes made by stationers , which ; the ingenuity of the . ' Board could devise to enable these 'several / manufacturers , to carry on their respective businesses With aiii ' equality of lriuderanee . and restriction , are so injurious that it has become-impossible to'defend them on principle , or continue them in . practice . Since duties were levied on pasteboard , and not oh sealeboard , a large manufactory near Oxford that supplied pasteboard for boxes could not be continued , and was given , up-It is not , therefore , as some . persons - suppose-, merely for the advantage of . . booksellers and newspaper proprietors . that the excise duties on paper are to be / abolished ,, but to liberate the " most , ingenious of human , arts" from the . most ruinous fetters . If it be , as is said , a mark of barbarism not to allow the body to grow-fully and freely to its dest-ined proportions , surely it : is a mark of still , darker barbarism to stop art and skill , and thus prevent the inventive niinds from becoming , like the divinity from which they grow , . completely masters of matter . The Commissioners speak , too , of "'tfci iniequai ii !< : /< i . 'iK !> ' of " the papei \ duty / ' and admit that "' the evils complained of by the manufacturers " cannot be denied , neither ' can . any remedy be suggested for them but the entire repeal or" t ! i < v duty . They " cannot conceive a more untenable position , for the ileads of a Revenue department . " tluuitb . be obliged to say , "in answer to complaints from persons . whose trade . is annihilated by out exaction of a duty , that such is the necessary consequence of the existence of . the tax . " Strong as this language may be considered iii their inouth , they do not half comprehend the vast evil . They think their regulations leave " the paper-maker ; free to . adopt the best and . most economical modes of working , " and that neither the cost of production nor the quality of tho article " is impaired by the fetters imposed for fiscal purposes . But such an art can only be improved by little experiments , and ^ the . necessity to take out a lieu use to practise it must stop men from engaging in it , aiid stifle the germs of innumerable improvement ' s . " . It . was not in established factories , but iu the privacy oi " their own dwellings , tjiiifc ' Cuo . ui'Tox and Stbvjcnson thought , out tin : siiggesrioWof their geniu > ; and had they been obliged to ask permission of the Kxeise before they set to work , our cotton manufacture and our locomotives would have been as backward as our paper niauulactjirc . The inevitable consequence of all such fiscal interference with business is to impede its progress ; yet Mr . ( i . LA . DRTONK , in his simplicity , while he wisely proposes to rek'u « e , paper-making from tlicni , imagines that his own . pet penny tuxes , —unielt , ns is said , because- their evils have not . come inl . o existence—will be execptionrs to the general law , and llmt he m an exception to all previous tax . impo . scrs . A « ( his great art needs iTcedom to . make it prosper , so every other nil restricted by liscnl regulations , whether invented by -Mr . ( Jlad-stomc or any other of the muddlers who sucr-ilioe . society to ( im'muuoiifc , will under them languish or decay . The siiigulnritv of the art is that no other sitbrilnnec is . so well adapted fo make ' paper as worn ( .-lothing . " AIiikwL uvory librous voo-etnbk . sub , stnuee is . sii , seeptibl (! of iiuicendjou or liijueluotion by water , but none answer * nowcjII ibr thi . s purpose ( is well-worn cotton mill linen garment * . As they lintsL be reiiiovcd , or beoomi ! ji nuisuncc , it in not poMsibhs to lind another nialcnal m cheap art Uioy nru . This l » w long been obvious to common sense ; mid now Science hm'iug found it out , cli'iiioiwlrates that every librous mntcriirl which ran bo couveuicnfly converted into i ) aper , mnv Ili-Hfc be advantageously converted into clothing . The hnpoHsibilify of finding a « ubM ; it , nle for r « tf » , wir . li tlw imporkuuje of pnper to civili / . aUon , lii-n at the bo ! lorn ol Uie pio-
Untitled Article
j 1 abc . 10 , 18 ( 30 I The Leader and ' Satmi'day \ Analyst . 225
The Sl'pplv Of Hmis.
THE tfl'PPLV OF . UA ( . iS .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 10, 1860, page 225, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2337/page/5/
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