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STATE DOCUMENT.
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THE PROPOSED NEW COTTON COMPANY (LIMITED).
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Memorandum addbessed by the Sabdinian Goveenment to its eepbesektatives at fobeign coubts , expicainino- its eeasqns fob BNTEBXNG- the Rom Air States . / " The Peace of Villafranca , by assuring to the Italians the light of disposing of their own fate * empowered the populations of many provinces of the North and Centre of the Italian Peninsula to substitute the national government of the King Victor Emmanuel for governments subject to foreign influence . . . " This great transformation has been accomplished with admirable order , without disturbing any one of the principles upon which social order is based . "The events which have taken place in the . / Emilia and in Tuscany , have proved to Europe that the Italians , far from being actuated by anarchical passions , only asked to be governed by free and national institutions .
. . .. " If this transformation could have been extended to the whole of the Peninsula the Italian question would have been settled at this very moment . Far from being a cause of apprehension and danger to Europe , Italy would be henceforth an element of peace and conservation Unhappily the peace of Yillafranca could only include a portion of Italy . It has left "Venetia under the domination of Austria , and it has produced no change in ; central Italy , nor in the provinces remaining under the temporal domination of the Holy See . " We have no intention of discussing here the question of Venetia . It -will suffice for us \ to call to mind that as long as this question shall not be solved , Europe cannot enjoy a solid aiid sincere peace . There will always remain inltaly a powerful cause of troubles and revolution which , despite the efforts of the Governments , will incessantly threaten an outburst of insurrection and war in the centre of the Continent . "But it is well to leave it to settle this question .
" Whatever may be the sympathy which the daily increasing unhappy fate of the Venetians justly inspiresj Europe is so anxiously occupied with the incalculable consequences of a war , she has so lively a desire , so Irresistible a need of peace , that it would be unwise not to respect her will ; " But this is not applicable to the questions relating to Central and Southern Italy . , "Attached , to a traditional system of-policy which has not been less fatal to Ms family thaii to his people , the young King of J ^ ap leB , from his accession to the throne , placed himself in flagrant opposition , to the national sentiments of the Italians , as well as to the principles which govern civilised countries . Deaf to the counsels of France and of England , refusing even to follow the advice of a Government whose constant and sincere friendship he could not doubt ; nor its attachment to the principle of authbrity , he rejected for a whole year all the efforts of the King of Sardinia to lead him to a system of policy more conformable to the sentiments which dominate the Italian people .
" What justice and reason could not obtain , a revolution has accomplished—a prodigious revolution , -which has filled Europe with astonishment by the almost providential manner in which it has been accomplished , and excited its admiration for the illustrious warrior whose glorious exploits recall all that poetry and history can relate . " The transformation which has taken place in the kingdom of Naples , though it has been effected by means less pacific and Tegular than that of Central Italy is not the less legitimate ; its consequences are not the less favourable to the true interests of order and to the consolidation of the balance of power in Europe . "As soon as Sicily and Naples shall form an integral part of the great Italian family the enemies of thrones will no longer have any powerful argument to bring forward against monarchical principles . Revolutionary passions will no longer find a theatre where most insane .
enterprises had chances of success , or at least of exciting the sympathy of all generous-minded men . " ^ One might , then , be authorised to suppose that Italy may at last enter a pacific phase of a nature to dispel European anxieties if the two great regions of the North and South of the Peninsula -were not separated by provinces which are in a deplorable state . " The Roman Government having deoliaed to take any part ¦ whatsoever in . the great , national movement , haying , on the contrary , continued to oppose it with the most lamentable obstinacy , ho * for a long time placed itself in open hostility with the populations whioh have not succeeded in throwing off its yoke . To keep them down , to prevent
them from manifesting the national sentiments which animate them , he has made use of the spiritual power which Providence has intrusted to him for an objeot far otherwise great than that assigned to the political Government . " By presenting to the Catholio populations the condition of Italy under false and aori ^ bre polours ; by making a passionate appeal to feeling , or rather to fanaticism , whioh still holds so much sway in oertain unenlighted classes of epoiot y , he has succeeded in gathering money and men frora every corner of Europe , and in forming an army consisting almost exclusively of strangers , not only to the Roman States , but to the whole of Italy ,
" It has been reserved to the Roman States to offer xn our century the strange and sad spectacle of a Govoramenb reduced to maintain its authority over its subjects by the means of foreign mercenaries blinded by fanaticism or enticed by the bait of promises which could not bo fulfilled , except by throwing whole provinces into distress . " Suck facts provoke ,. in the highest degree , the indignation of the Italians who have achieved their liberty and independence . Full of sympathy for their brethren in Uinbria and in the Marches , thoy manifest on all pides the desire of helping to put an end to a state ot things whioh is an outrage to tho principles of juatioo and of humanity , and whioh wounda deeply tho national sentiment . "Although sharing this painful emotion , the Govornmont of tho Kino thought iti right htylierbo to provont any disorganised attorapb to deliver the populations of Uuabria and of the Marohos from tho yoke whioh oppreeses thorn , But it oould not dissimulate that the increasing irritation of tho populations could no longer bo contained without having recouvae to force and to violent naeaaurea , Moreover , the rovo-Jution having triumphed » t W » plea , oould it bo atopped at tho frontier
of the Roman States , where it is invoked bv abuses not less serious than those which hav e irresistibly drawn the volunteers of Upper Italy into Sicily ? . " ' "By the cries of the insurgents of the Marches and of Umbria the whole of Italy was moved . No power can prevent thousands of Italians from rushing from the centre and from the north of the Peninsula to the aid of their brothers threatened with disasters similar to those of Perugia . . ' , "If the Government of the King remained passive amid this universal emotion , it would place itself in direct opposition with the nation . The generous outburst which the events of Naples and of Sicily have produced in the masses would degenerate at once into anarchy and disorder . .
. " It would then be possible and even probable that the regular movement which has hitherto taken place might suddenly assume the character of violence and passion . Whatever power the idea of order may exercise over the Italians , there are provocations which the most civilised people cannot resist . Assuredly they would be more to be pitied than blamed if for the first time they gave way to violent reactions * which would lead to the most lamentable consequences . History informs us that a people who are now at the head of civilisation havs committed under the Empire the most deplorable excesses for loss
causes . . " Should it expose the Peninsula to similar dangers ,. the Government of the King would be culpable towards Italy ; it would not be less so towards Europe . . " The King would be wanting in his duties towards the Italians , who have always hearkened to the counsels of moderation which he has given them , and who have entrusted to him the high mission of directing the national movement . " He would be wanting in his duties towards Europe , for he has contracted towards it the moral engagement of not allowing the Italian movement to degenerate into anarchy and disorder . of the
"It is . to fulfil this double duty that the Government Ling , so soon as the insurgent population of the Marches and of Umbria sent him deputations to invoke his protection , granted it to them at once . At the same time he sent a diplomatic agent to Rome to ask the Pontifical Government to send away the foreign legions which could not serve to repress the manifestations of the provinces which touch upon our frontiers without forcing us to interfere in their favour . , " On the refusal of the Court of Rome to comply with that request , the King has issued an order to his troops to enter Umbria and tho Marches with the mission of re-establishing order there , and of leaving a free field to the populations for manifesting their sentiments .
" The Koyal troops will scrupulously respect Rome and the territory which surrounds it . They would lend their support ; should it ever he wanted , to preserve the residence of the Holy Father against any attack or menace ; for the Government of the , King will always know how to conciliate tho great interests of Italy with the respect due to tlie august chief of religion , to whom the country is sincerely attached . "In acting thus it has the conviction of not hurting the feelings of enlightened Catholios who do not confound the temporal power with which the Court of Rome has been invested during a period of its history with the spiritual power which is the eternal and immoveablu basis of his reliious authority .
g __ _ _ , _ , „ , ,, _ " But our hopes go still further . We have the confidence that the spectacle of the unanimity of the patriotic sentiments which now burst forth throughout the whole of Italy will remind tho Sovereign Pontili that he was some years ago the sublime inspirer of this great national movement . The veil which counsellors , animated by mundane interests , had placed over his eves , will fall , and then , recognising that the regeneration of Italy is a decree of Providence , he will robecome the Father of the Italians , as he has never ceased to bo tho august and venerable Father of all the Faithful . " Turin , Sept . 12 , 1860 . "
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The meeting announced in our impression of the 8 th instant , wnen wo gave a detailed notice of this company , took place on the day appointed . We give a condensed report of tho proceedings . Mr . B * zley , M . P ., who presided , gave a very clear exposition of the objects anrt advantages proposed to be achieved by tho company . Ho said he iolt that those with whom ho had tho honour of being now assoomted wore performing an important public and social duty . Tho first supphos of cotton used in this country were from the colonies ot . tho Spanisii , Fronoh , Dutch , and Portuguese , and from Turkey . lhps e early souroea of supply wore completely exhausted , and wo wore almost oxolusivolv dependent on the United Statos . Whon cotton was first
needed the price was exorbitantly high , and now tno w « .., moderate . Durinc the laat few yoora there had-been vory extraordinary fluctuations , and tho cotton planter had not had that legitimate oncouragoinont whioh a steadior rate of pricoa might havo given him . aik-so irrocularitioa in prices were attributable to our limitation to ono or two sources of supply . Our last year ' s consumption of ootton was ubout 1 , 000 , 000 , 000 lbs . weight , of which 800 , 000 , 000 lbs . came from ho United States , 120 , 003 , 000 lba . from tho other foreign sources , and oni , 80 , 000 , 000 lbs . from British oolonioa . Tho oottou industry wna o amazing pecuniary importanoo to this country . The aggregate amount ; of our labour , capital , and material ombarked in it was upwardsi oi £ 70 , 000 , 000 sterling . Whon people talked about tho amount ot ow national revenue , thoy would p louso recollect that tho great cotton industry just indicated tho extent of tho taxation tyo people woro midjoob to . Tho trftdovas most wonderful in affording emp loyment to \ i
people in tho manufacturing districts Juour or uvo m » " » » »> r > .- . ~ wore directly or indirectly intorostocl in this industry . AV o »«« » ' ) fact , a number of people in this country dependant on tho ootton in duetry , equal to tho population of tho kingdom ot JSolgiurn . J . n ° affirrocate oapital ibomployed was probably not Iobs tlmn £ loO , uuu , uuu . ^ K ? to 3 f 5 fihi « Magnitude , wkioh hud ariaen from no exiatonoo a all in tho oourae of » single century , he asked , wae it aafe or dlsoioe i a commercial country to depend mninly on ono eouruo of supply , nn «
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820 The Saturday Analyst and Leader . [ Sept . 22 , I 860
State Document.
STATE DOCUMENT .
The Proposed New Cotton Company (Limited).
THE PROPOSED NEW CO'lTON COMPANY ( LIMITED ) .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 22, 1860, page 820, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2366/page/12/
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