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i-HE PglLOSOPHr OF PKOailESS.*
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brates the - idea : of the " development theory / ' In other writer ? thai ; wecbujd enumerate , did space permit . ,: thedpetrme m . question is incidentall y , alluded to . . -.. ; ...- - , ,, . A larffe portion df Mr . Hebbekt SpjprcBa ' s . V Psychology , as tin admirable e xposition of " development * ' as manifested , in animated nature ; and , we may add , bis essays on ' -Progress ; its £ a \ v and Cause *' - and ( we believe ) . ' " Modern Astronomy , " nre . noless masterly . expositions of that principle at workin the material . universe : andtue merit of these productions , is in no waydimmished by £ hc . iaet tW the ¦ " Vestiges " was published first ; Havmg published Mr . , DAinvrx ' s generous . recognition of Mr . Ma . ttujs \ v's labours ,. and , as we hope , satished everybody concei-ned , we proceed to ofler some additional remarks on the theory itself . . ' . . - It is not sufficient to say that there is a law by the operation of which variety of structure in animals is produced and progressive developments broug-ht about . This teaches us nothing-. We want to know not only that animals are modifiable , uu . t what is tlie modus operamli i what is the agency instrumental m accomplishing this modification and development ? Wo will endeavour to make this clear . Animals try to adapt themselves to circumstances , and these to themselves in the best way they can for . their own good ; any mental advantages in an animal would prompt and suggest a better use of its bodily organs for accomplishing its own good ; and this would tend to improve its physical organism , that . is . , make it better suited for rendering- tlie external world subservient to the satisfaction of needs ; and , again , this improved bodily comformation w , ould react upon and improve its mental capacity * by gaming it additional experiences . The same niay be said mutatis miltanchs of any bodily advantages that an animal might possess ; aiiclvthe . effects of this would of course bo accumulae tive in the race .. Kow tnere are animal forms better suited than others , for rendering the external World subservient ; to needs , and towards these superior types it would be the tendency of the causes indicated to make the othersapprpiriinate . Take pile ^ bf tiose hu mbk cireatxires r ; esembhng ; Mly , thrust ^ g fortib a part of itself , and a ttaching this ; to , the suriace it is upon to drag itself along ;; > vrav ! piiiS % > elf round its food ; and eluding the refuse ^ through its ; . side ^ , thus improyising lo « pm ; dtif b oteans , stoma ^ , Tt i * easily cohc&yabfe hdw si ^ K a creature as tliis ,. iinder th . e operation of-the eases' deferred to / and the infinite variet y of iiiflwences jand ; -cqu ~ . d ^(^ t ob ^ ^ n ^' m ^ course of time acduim aperroaiient \ &u £ : t > r stomach ,, with . Kmbs just > h : ere they . vrS ( i ^ Wanted ; , 'kctmeTy , i » the ne ^ botirh ^ od ; of' i % - in £ jito , v : ttius ; 8 ei ^ g ^ e 4 bubie ^ ap&feeders . E ^ ally easyis it to conceiye' ^^ the s ] iii } e " causes ( the / WeeesW bf food-seeking ; being one offthb principal ^ agenc > s : at ( wprk ) wotild teiid to niake the limb > become bbtter suited-, and better , placed idraocomotion ; n \ , otj ^ fer ^ oi dsv ib make the cephalppbdapproximate towards the qya&i ^ p ^ d ; just as tie saine .. cJiuses , the same necessity of fopdseekiiigi Me iaine effoi ^ ts , ± q wjxtteiv ^ lie : ext rnaL world subservient t 6 tnfe ; s ^ tisfaciiipn pf nee 4 sa ¦ AV 6 ul 4 V . ' teud vto /;^ ¥ : € \ the \ quadv ' tiped :. ' apprdioinate towards the "biped ^ vith the f rpiit : pair of linlb ^ co ^ vei'ted into arms ^ terminating , in hanu £ . - In »• .: sanie . t v ^ y , - ' and by an extension of ^ e principle in &My&&ifiL $ d £ : app ^ icat ^ ti of in ^ ate ^ we seer ^ e ; ih ^ e ^«^ rmn :: pt " m 5 a ^ : fertile ( 5 n .: ; ex - p . e ^ n ts ; M frefiderp ^ . ex ^ M :: ^^ gs ^§ iitbseVyie . nt"tp ; the sHtis | a ? iion . ofViifeeds ,. co ^ triying arMial . " orjg&& \ -b $ ltfcpmofcion , and ; of v ^ pn . ^ n ¦ ste a jn-engriatesi lel&cc ^ -and ip ^ rospop ^ . ;' ' Wji ^ e ^ . Hi ^ meiital . ^ tot ^ lms npt , bbijn ^ demiate ; : { t& ^ ie (> nyen ^ on ; ' 6 f- ; . ijheSp , ^ ifi ^ ial ; vpr olo . ngaw ^ mw ^^^^ &m M ^ M' - fl ^ fM < ^ 'iiiitpi ' ^' aiMaft > yK . ^^» kiC ^ vmaiR ^ . ^ sffiitf ^ i ^^ fciJW-te ^ a ? i / - micmtim } aiid djvelopo and , . diyewify . xt ^^ . xja ,. ep ^ orm ^ y wi ^ ., , them ; Tvhiie the fa , ot df tlie varioty ; of amjn ' als is totally w-. explieabje hy aiay ijiiiher ri | p . a ; n ; 8 . '' . ' .. ';" JA . ndtliQ ] , . thing is equally afdt ovBe'iqit ) ^ h " atlth ( i ^ ' : View | IaV' ^^ ^ eo ' nptstep . t aiid . xationtilj is ittubu ; less disparaging to t ^ e ^ i ^ , than :, fiis " \ vilcl idoa that each $ ^ $ § ff 3 ^ . $$ ¦ ^¦ . ° ! f ^ ^ j ?]^^ # ® SM : % vfe ? fl ]? M ^^^ mim ^ $ f' ¦ wPMBMto MllWwfr ^^^^^ 6 k ; Wit ^^^ ' jf ( Q wyi ^ m % * iH J mwn h&mw'jmsw ^ 9 im o ^^ w rmi 9 m i Tmf ^ :. kSi only , show * W « A ro ax-p . two « poi-sonrt Wsto ^[ ^ wJwp ™ ; . , to ^ SSpm ^ W t ^ wMWwS lowaS ^^^^ yl ^^ wel ^ Kliiuaaw ^^/ ff g ^ m ^ 'knltf * »( l t # ' - tl | i > ft * . * n'l" , ' ^ , ' ( . ''' , " ¦ ' ' ' , ¦ ,- ' ,, ' ¦ '' : ¦ ' . ¦" ' " ' i ' '' . •' ' ' '
American portion of the Anglo-Saxon race at the present day , which differentiate rthem from English people , were , according to his . view , bi"oughtiabowt by a special and instantaneous miracle , or by the opei * ation of natural causes an the course of a few generations * ; and if by a sudden miracle , he ; might , as he appears , to be in the secret of these things , have kindly favoured us with the date ; but if through the gradual modification produced by the influences and conditions tit work , then , he . lnijrht jiave enlightened us touching the '" extent to which . such modification may g'o ; whether , there"iV any ultima Ihiea , beyond which it cannot ; g'O , and where this is to be rix ed ; or whether , on the : other hand , this modinability nuiy not go to an indefinite extent , acc <) rding to the potency of the influences and-conditions in ¦ operation ; and lastly , whether he does not consider this view as consistent with the theory of Omnipotence , as the supposition that each sort ( or . so-called species ) of aunnal was created , ^ s occasion . required , out of clay or out of nothing-, and if not , why not ? Dr . KkkJ : not only appropriates the composition of others as hi * own , but he seems to have taken Mr . Dakavix ' s views on trust and | at second hand from sonic other writer , otherwise lie could hardly fall into the misrepresentations he does ( for we suppose he would not misrepresent intentionally ) , at , for instance , p . 1 O 8 , whei-e by leaving out the time of slqep , he makes it appear as if Mr . Darwik had said that sleep itself was a habit ; though , in our opinion , and in the sense that PisCAL called nature a " first ; "habit , " we believe that this descriptioii of sleep is correct ; and again at p . 1 GG , where he treats the Darwinian theory as teaching that the hexagonal form , of cells in a honeycomb is due to pressure , when ¦ :-pressure is neither directly nor indirectly alluded to . But to point out till these misrepresentations would bu to cite almost every arguinciYt in the " origin of species " with which the doctor attempts to deal . ¦; ;
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B UT very few ^ j > ersonsi trPublq themselves with philpsophic politics , jibwvadays ; : iandi , " indeed , the present ^ e may be said to be worae off in this Kespectth ^ n the last , for the eighteenth centuiy cominenced and ended ^ yith philosophical treatises On Gi-overnmenfr . What was sown ia tfce last century lias been reaped iii this , and the dbetrmes of Free Trade , now so universally received , must be acknowledged to owe theiv or ^ in to Ad ginith , and still earlier ,. ¦ ^ to- ^ i&idfivil ^ lield offic ^ s under James , the Second . ; : ; ? Socialscience has become : a cmt phrase ; smd verbose enthusiasts have i endered it distasteful ^ insomuch that wheiiqvet * it is used the idea of a smally tbiok , ill-priutea ~ yoluinae rises to one's niind , where crade dogmas are poured out with a fittal fluency- that wearies , but s ^ klpjh iTnpvesses , arid . never convinces . For this reason sociology , or the science of social life , has fallen greatly into neglect ; and ¦ ¦ 'itis ^ to be regrptted that it has so , for , after Divine subjects , it is tlie niostinipprtant that can obtain the attention 6 f intelligent meicv ; We have alwiiys combated the injuriDus lines . Ibhnison foisted into Opldsmith ' ri poem , aiid by no means agree with the exclatiiation of . ' ¦¦¦' ¦ '¦** How stniill of '" -jili fehafc . liuniaii lieavtaondure , . , ¦ - ¦ Thatp ^ 'b'wMclv ^ ^^^ . CdWderin'g'tUatttH ^ tl ^ tra ^ or . waut . ^ 1 and 1 imicK pt what ho ; bplievbsy thinks ) , feels , . and ^ !> unorij , are greatly affected by ^ laws , arid'the cbn ^* "t' , arovorning class , it is : pj-q'tty evideiit ^ 'sh ' oiud e ' ndoaybtir td discover on what principles wo should e j !^ ^ deal of assisttuico to this end in this Veadablq aH $ . cleyer : ! little . wbvl ^ , \ vluch is neither printed in small mk' lieV cdi ! npbsflcl in" . floppy Khglish , with red \ mdant vo ? - " ¦ . bbsfe ? Wis c ^ d ^ vfclj a pyaoWs ^ dfpblltician as wiill ns author , and ^ altn 0 u « % ^ 1 s W < i , ^ o ^ ^^ his fbelin is toTOpOrca'Mth pjaiioso " ^^^ sov erJrsiaJsrk ^ rupk'a-feb ^ ; If is 1 ) ook is fhat of an exneH ^ i&ij'd ii s ! 'well'iis : 6 f a ^ cholj ^ tic ;^ vntor j anfl of duo who Ippjcs tion '' Wk iye ' hivs ^ lso iiii l ^ eal ' osri ' cnthu ^ m ,. whicji wo } dd push abstvaijt 'H ^ ntf'in # W 6 i ? si % ^ psrtibiisr Ho ; 6 po ? ik 8 as ono oxpe * VriQneb'd i ^ Wo ^ ^ brM ^^^ ^ its oiip lonwiod in the , theovjies ^ of huiftan prpgvosa . , ¦ . 'Rv&ivmxiy nwiteoH ' pleasantly-wnttPH and exceedingly vailuabKi chSto ? s 'tin ¦ t li Q " ffi 6 at topics ; Pf the time , "iJx whiqh ho trcataof thApmi ^ ofi ' i of fe / bha ^ b / tho'lrtw of progress , tho doctnno of rights , alsd of liborliy ,, tho ppwitipn of > vpnuiri , thp relation ot woiitlcal ^ e ' f all- blft » 6 o « . . ¦ ;¦'• ^^ nto ^ M sdttijV ^ poHoVtb'dJa ' O ue ^^ ^^^^ q tmhty pj . tlxdAiiitoMirtBrtt ^ fi iM' ^ livmoipVoft ^ o ^! tliil = ( v \ ypVlVr Hvhloh iu Dlio inf > 2 « ^ ' « i ug ^^ feWi ^ Wtt : nV ^ eJ ^ $ p ;^^ oiniT ) b ; ila ^' 'thbjto . l-biidOre who w ^ K " --, ( j ^ in ^ Wjkln ^ W ^^ , Wq J ^ fty'trtlco ^ rtaU ' e ^ oppoylJvinii ^ Qt tho , > ;
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; ' '^\ 0 im ^^^ w UWM ^' MMrW ^ - **^ i w * .. ' ' ' - ' ' ' ' ' ' ' , ' " '¦¦ ' ' , ' ' , ' ' ' , ¦ ' ' ' ' " ' . ' i . ¦ , ( ' i . ''' '¦ ¦ I
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§ qq The Saturday Analyst and Leader . [ Nov . 24 , I 860
I-He Pgllosophr Of Pkoailess.*
i-HE PglLOSOPHr OF PKOailESS . *
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 24, 1860, page 960, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2375/page/8/
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