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<©rurmal <£.orve&xi&rititnte
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TO THE PEOPLE OF YORKSHIRE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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LINES : IS ANSWER TO ENIGMA FOE RADICALS . The beauteous Lady , sword in hand , Majestic waving , like a fairy ' s -wand , Blindfolded , tripping o ' er the plains , Who to adjust the balance toot such pains , Was Justiee ; -who , -with gnat delight , did see Oppressed Bullions , striving to be free , United rise * , and make a noble stand To gain the freedom of their native land ; To burst the shackles oC the poor oppress > d ; To shield the weak , and -succour the distress'd ; She , sKiliDg , saw ttieir efforts nobly bent On sach » noble , godBie , just intent .
Bat soon , alas ! bet smiles are changM to tears ; Her anzions bosom feels a thousand fears ; Injustice triumphs : ; and , indeed , twould seem , Tnrth , Justice , Xercy , all must kkk the beam . Oe , trembling ,-seeks the God of prophecy ; "Who soon resorfes to her the mystery , That ere this earth its annual course has run Sx times , in-circuit reund the gtorkms Son , A mighty usi « a of the sens of toil Shall all the tyrant's pemp and power despoil ; Shall burst their chains ; shall set the oppressed
Bestoring Justice , Freedom , Harmony . The Goddess now again in scales appears , With joyful news to quell each patriot ' s feats . ; Injustice oaly triumphs for awhile ; Vks force , nor fraud , nor tfranny nor gnile , Ckb long-suspend great Justice ' s lawful reigns Who boob the balance rightly shall maintain . Chartisti , unite , to haste the happy hour When Justice shall again Tesume her power—Unite—anite , in one vast patriot Band , To gain our Charter and to free our land !
James Frsjtch . Newcastle , Staffordshire , Ma ? 24 , 1810 .
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THE TRUE HERO . Who is the hero ? Is it he Wh 9 throws oppression ' s chain O * er injured lands , and joys to see The carnage of the slain * Who is the hero ? Is it he Who slays , "with ruffiian hand , The bravest of the patriot race . Thit spurn oppression ' s brand ? Who is the hero ? It is ne * Who bursts , with proud controul , Thy tyrant chain a of ignorance , And fires the darkened souL Who is the hero ? It is he
Who mars , by fearless strife , The Tenom'd feelings that destroy The bonds of social life .
Wh . o are the world ' s true heroes ? They Whose soul for freedom swell—A Knox , a Byron , and a Burns , A Wallace , and a TelL P Selkirk ,
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ADDRESS TO EKIN . Qh « Erin ! most fruitful of isles of the ocean , Than-which once 'was no island more free ! As o ' er thy rich Tallies I muse with devotioa , My heart , often throbs with the deepest emotion . Bat bow useless is Borrow to tb . ee ! Kir what is a thought , or a sigh , er a tear , To a land when her liberty ' s fled ? Oh , would bat thine heroes arise without fear ! Their forefather ' s spirit their courage would cheer ; Animation would rise from the dead ! Would they but assemble at Emmet ' s lone bed , And swear that , no longer , should reign , The hand of oppression , by bigotry fed ; That rengeance should visit the tyrant's cuxs'd head How Boon would they snap every chain . '
Bat they shall—they shall come like a storm in the sky ; And their voices like thunder Bhall roar ; And revenge , like red lightning , shall dart from each eye ; And the tyrant shall fall , or the tyrant «>> M 1 fly , Who stain'd thy rich vaUies with gore . Then again shall the harp its sweet numbers resume , And the harper shall warble his lays ; And the shamrock snail rise in its sweetest perfume , And each lover shall wear the loVd badge in its bloom , The badge of mine happier days . John Cook . Bradford .
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THE SWAIXOW . Now ecnaes the harbinger of spring , And twitters o ' er th » bidding grove ,-With eag « r night , he spreads his wing , To seeaes that he was wont to love . How , glanring quick , the brook he * skims Now o ' er the meadow tries his flight ; Aloft , in ether , now he swims , Almost beyond the gazers' sight He knows not winter ' s stormy skies , Nor feels the winds that blasts our trees For tfaea to gentler climes he flies , Where sweetly blows the vernal breeze . O ' er Afric ' s palmy plains he roves , And gentle Asia ' s classic vales ; Then wantons in Hesperion groves , - Or quaffs Sabea ' s fragrant gales :
I f or till the gentle God of light Has broken winter ' s frozen chain Will he in Britain glad onr sight . Bat " neath a calmer sky remain . Now , as an oracle he flies , Sweet hope upon his rapid wings ; Por gentler gales and eleartr skies , , From foreign shores , he hither brings . W . G May 4 , 1840 .
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TO THB XDITOB OF THE NORTHERN STAR . 8 ra , —Several plans have been laid down by Mr . Xowry , " Republican , " and others , for organizing and inetrncting the miserable white slaves , and promulgating the neble principles of Chartism , so that they jnay be enabled , by their united efforts , to put the aerew on every tyrant and oppressor that infests this land . Repeated calls are marie by different associations fat the support of those martyrs who are doomed by ' wicked men to pine , and perchance die , in the cells of the bastile calls are made in behalf of the wives of the Welsh patriots ; and appeals are made for the General Defence Fund .
Now , Sir , you are aware that the tyrants unjustly possess too much of which we have too little , viz ., money . If we attempt collecting the cash of the despots , law is upon us : public-house collections have been repeatedly tried , but with little success . Publicans and sinners are generally opposed to us—the glorious sounds of knowledge and liberty are as a death knell to them . The plan I propose for the collection of money at the leaefe ponsJUe expense is this : —That boxes , precisely the same aa branch letter boxe » , be placed , in districts , in every town and village , each box to have suitable fasertptaon *" , sad also locks and keys ; the money to be taken out every Monday , by proper persons appointed , » pd to be appropriated , not only for our incarcerated teethren , bnt to assist in obtaining the People ' s Charter ~ m soon as possible . These boxes may be placed in either a shop or house window by merely removing a square , and taking care that it is properly secured
in-I have , Sir , several reasons for proposing this plan for raising a Chartist fund , viz .: —A working man , ^ itfioni fear of in curring his employer ' s displeasure , » aj privately give his weekly sum ; the unfortunate dnuftord will give his penny ; the widow ' s mite will fee received ; the factory buy and warehouse girl will « h * their mite ; nay , the very children on thiB Sabbath ¦ wClfaeego their sweets , and drop in a halfpenny or fcrtWag far-the great cause of freedom . . ^ ¦ Money ig j ^ g , ginew of war , eUher morally or phy-* k * Ey—without it the cause can never prosper . The Jyitem I have pr poaed is simple : if it be adopted , 1 am certain eonsidiVabfe ^ ma , may be obtained with little trouble . At tt » same time , publicity should be given in each distric . V » Q that ' my fellow workmen may deposit their mosey ¦* "ilhout inconvenience .
Ins . « in , Sir , Yonre , very respectfally , B . HOPKIKSON . Birmingham , June 8 , 1 . W . w .
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and , in some instances , almost aa wealthy as the aristocracy ; ships fitted up in the style of palaces , to convey the produce of our industry to the farthest cemer of the world , and bring in return all that a bountiful Creator has made conducive to the comfort or caprice of man , with machinery capable of pro * during , if properly applied , infinitely more than oeu : extravagance can consume ; a population the most patient « d industrious the world ever saw ; with a country bedecked with palaces , and cultivated like a garden s and yet , with all our advantages , what is our situation ? A Government with a debt of more than one thousand millions , contracted for the express purpose « df preventing the people from having their just sh »* e in the legislation of the coantry ; with taxes to thsiamount of fifty-four millions a year , * nd yet unable toqxpry on the affairs of toe country ; and the people w&o produce all this wealth , who tmilfi and man all these ships , who erect all these factories , and make and and , in some instances , almost aa wealthy as the aristocracy : shiDs fitted nu in the stvle of © alaces . to
• work all this machinery—who cultivate this garden « 3 ike country , and rear these sumptuous palaces — the ¦ people , who created all—steeped in . poverty to the very lips—called idle and improvident—told that they have no right to the smallest portion oT that land which their labour has produced—told , after having speifc their lives in producing the wealth of this immensaly rich country , that they must then be thrown on their own resources , and that nature has doomed them and their progeny to starve—plans openly proposed to murder them at their birth , and transporting them when grown—laws actually passed to tear the wife from the husband , children -from their parents , and the sucking infant from the frantic mother ' s knee , to be immured in Bastiles to starve . We are plundered in every direction by our oppressors , who , finding that we stbreathe , are haaging a thousand leeches on * every vein , to convert the last drop of blood into a gelden god , which is the oaly one tthey have sincerity enough to adopt
Friends , it is for endeawowing to put an end to this inhuman and unnatural state of things—it is Jer endeavouring to restore tkose times when every man ' s sweat brought bread enough , and to spare , for his wife and his household—times when the wedded wife was the pride of her devoted husband ; and the husband was the glory of -An attached and affectionate wife ; times in which father and mother and children , and men with men as neighbours together enji ^ ed the blessings which nature had bestowed upon them- —it is for endeavouring to do these things , friends , that t » b * se
virtuous men are mm suffering all the torture which hellish machinationsr of the base factions can inflict upon them , by what they please to term prison discipline . Will ysu add a -double weight to their -sufferings by allowing their -wives and families to perish through want , or befc&nded over to the tender enemies ef the Poor Law Bastiles ? Forbid it humanity—forbid it every feeling of oarosmmon nature- Come forward , then , with youi niitee , towards thels support , to th « Committee , who meet every Monday and Friday evenings , in the Associatkn-room , Brown-street . Hoping this appeal will not be ki vain ,
I remain , a sincere friend to the cause of truth and justice , J . LOSULX . Manchester , June 3 rd , 1840 . P . ^ . The Committee iateud holding a tea partj and concert , for the benefit of the wives of the imprisoned Chartists , on Wait-Friday , in the Association-roam ; J . L .
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TO THE PEOPLE OF MANCHESTER , ASHT O ^ , AND STOCKPORT . Chester Castle , May 4 th , 1840 . Friends akd Fellow Chartists , There are periods in the history of every agitation when it becomes necessary to advise as well as to congratulate , and when it becomes a duty to tea < Ji the people to be just towards their leaders , aa well as to be determined in opposing the enemy . It appears to me that the time has now arrived when an appeal must be made to the justice , as well as to the reason , of the people .
I , as an individual , hare always prepared myself fer the worst that might occur ; and , amidst my persecutors , and on my trial , hnve openly declared that I neither looked to the Government for hope or mercy , nor to the people for sympathy and support . 1 have stood alone ; and my mind is equally armed against the cruelty of a Ministry , and the indifference of a people . He wears a coat of mail without who has honesty and integrity within . A patriot cannot be alarmed at opposition , and should not be discouraged at the want of success . To do good without fear , and to persevere in a good cause without reward , is the noblest boast of a honest man .
My friends , as far as I am acquainted with the public character , conduct , and patriotic devotion of my fellow prisoners , now confined in Chester Castle , I can say , with truth , that no fear of arrest , of judge , of jury , of sentence , or of prison , has damped their energy , or exacted one murmur of complaint ; neither do I believe that one of them would value any sympathy or support from the people unless it was given to them in the form of an unasked and honourable return for past services fearlessly performed . I t is possible for the people to neglect , and for prisoners to feel ; and , therefore , believing the one , and suspecting the other , 1 aow appeal to you in behalf of these men—not by . their desire , - but upon my own responsibility .
My friends , however brave and fearless the mind of man may be , I believe there are times—and you must know there must be times—when the heart of a prisoner may soften , and his thoughts , during many a long , long night , wander back in memory to the home he has forsaken , and to the caresses of his children whom he loves . Yes , the ardent enthusiasm of the patriot may then be weakened by the warmer feelings of the husband and the father ; then , too , the courage of a victim may droop , and the boldest heart tremble , at the contemplation of a deserted wife and , perhaps , houseless
Is there not Wright in this prison , who is confined to the hospital , and his wife and three children ia the Poor Law bastile ef Holden , in the West Riding of Yorkshire ? Good God ! is not this misery three times told to this unhappy family ? The law drives the wife and children into the refined haunts of starvation : the law consigns the husband to a prison—to the narrow limits of a sick bed ; and surely humanity forbids the remainder of the tale being told ; surely common justice must prevent the misery of this poor , but honest , man being completed by the cruel desertion of the people . The family are left to starve and weep ; and the thoughts of the husband , in the solitude of the day , and amidst the silence of the night , can only picture the
sufferings of bis children , and dwell upon his own sorrows . Let tbe peop ' e forbid it . Let them prevent it , and provide against its continuance . In this prison , -we tare from Manchester , Bsnbow , &ni Livesey . Tbe name of the first is familiar to the oldest Radicals ; he has spent nearly half a century in the cause of freedom , and after having sacrificed all in the pub'ic cause , he gives up the last remaining thing possessing value ^—his liberty . Yet whilst he makes this sacrifice in the evening of his life , he has neither that sympathy which his services deserve , nor that assistance which his misfortunes require . Like Livesey , a printer , from the same town , who gives up his wages and who leaves his wife and child , he is left to suffei unassisted .
From Ashton , we have Duke , Higgins , and Broadbent . The first has a wife and four children to support . He is a man possessed of a public spirit , far superior to many men better known in the agitation . To my knowledge , he has made every sacrifice fer the people , and after being deprived of his license as a publican , and hunted to the very depth of ruin , he has now no refuge but a prison , and no other provision than its scanty allowance . Higgina is a man remarkable for the zeal and energy he has always displayed in tbe public cause , and if there is one thing which has reduced him to poverty and a prison , it is hit untiring devotion in th £ public service which has led him to the neglect of his private interests . His enthusiam has excelled even his services , and yet he . is now , sjjd his wife and three children have been , comparatively neglected .
From Stoekport , we have Mitchell and Davies , in whose c& 89 , the great right of the people to possess armB , has been violated . T , hey suffer eighteen months imprisonment for a great public principle . As individuals , together ; with Broadbent , of Ashton , they suffer for the sacred rights of the many , and ail of them imperatively require and ought to have public support , sympathy , and protection . In their persons have been violated the most anciest customs , the most undoubted rights , and the most sacred of the freedoms of the people . We have Johnson , of Stockport , also here , a man who stands second to none in his district for patriotic feelings , principle and honesty . He .-U ¦ a man universally known , and is generally respected , > nd yet the strange anomaly occurs in his case , that he too has been overlooked as well as his wife and four children .
Then , we have also Armitage , a shoemaker , Wareham , a weaver , Howarth , a carder , and Buxton , a smith ; all these are men who have sacrificed the wages of their several trades and wh ' o have undergone severe privations in the cause of the Charter . All of them have wives and families , whom they leave in the charge of the people , and surely that sacred charge will not be neglected or refused . These men deserve well of their country for the firmness of purpose and the boldness of conduct whiciLlfaey have exhihited throughout their persecution and trials .
It has been a fatal error in past times for the people to neglect alktheir * ufferiag leaders , and did not Murgarat jxrishfrom want in tbe streets of London ? Our enemies boast of this , and your best friends fear it This is one amongst many of the safeguards of our opponents . From the neglected , the persecuted , and the starving advocates of free principles , the Government recruit the ranks of the hired informers . These men , whese cause I plead , like all true patriots , have made the welfare of mankind their first and their own interests , comforts , and safety , the last object of their existence , and when they have made your interests the chief end of their beiBg , « u » ly you' ought to make one effort to protect , encourage , and preserve theirs .
In striving to secure ft great object , In labouring to establish a great measure of justice , it would be unworthy of our cause to injure our friends first and practice injustice towards them at tbe beginning of our
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common regeneration . These men do not blaBon their sufferings , they Oeither murmur nor complain ; but like a smooth and silent stream , their feelings flow com-Hnedand < 6 eep . Let justice to all be the groundwork of « or complaints , the wall of our common security , * nd tho roof of our protection . But do not let the ^ gh of a neglected friend rise at the threshold . Let us practice justice to individuals , ard we shall be better prepared to enjoy it in the laws of a nation . The great cause of popular neglect has not depended on tfee individual opinion « f the people , but has arisea from the want of direction , method , and arrangement in collecting contributions for the support of the suffering victims . common regeneratttra . These men do not bl « on their sufferings , they neither murmur nor comDhtin : but like
t give you a simple and tm effective plan . Let the "Workmen of each factory , tSiop , trade , op Tillage , con'tribate one penny on e&eh pay night , and appoint re- ; « oaivers for each separate division . Let all these rex » ivers meet at one app * nted place , to form o , central board , and elect a geeeral treasurer . The Board to have the power of declaring the dividend due to each suffering family . My friends , this is apian which I am confident will work well , and be pr » dnctive of immense benefit , * ot only to individuals . b « t to the public at large ; because
our persecutors will be disappointed , and fresh courage will be instilled intonhe minds of those advocates of tbe Charter who are at liberty—their hearts-wSl be emboldened , their topes excited , and their courage confirmed . The deserted wife , and tbe starving "Child , will light up their hearts with joy , and the mind of the prisoner will rtaeive a new impulse , that of'heartfelt gratitude to a - |> eople who showed that thqy were deserving of every right which they demand , because they knew how to * estimate virtue , and how tto practice it
My friends , confident of your speedy attention to thiB appeal , I retrain Your sincere and unchanged Friend and Advocate , P . M . M'Bwjall .
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—^^^^ - TO THE RADICALS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Hereditary Bondsmen , —Yoa have now bocoma a most influential body in the State . The Whigs will find it their interest by and by to court your aoqui&tssee ; beware el « the base faction—they have % ut % 3 ? yV When the Toriee get in you will haWCfiarfcistB enough , or rather Repealers , in Ireland , ( for Dan wMlttfeJibe forced to raise the flag of repeal , or others . "will'So it for him , ) and it . matters not one strawJf'tiMy-do not join you ; if they but rally for repeal , tbe glerious 45 th would soon have to return . No Minister would then dare to refuse to make the Charter a Cabinet measure .
with Russia conniving at our Indian possessions % , A meiica about kicking usout of our Northern settlements ; France taking the bread and butter off our plates in New Zealand , and building hospitals in Mioarca ; China ceasing all trading connexion ( and justly se ) with us j Naples , even Naples , lending a helping ha « d to take a fall out of us ! » hat a time to refuse tbe people of England the Charter ! Still be your watchword the whole Charter ! The day . is not far distant when they will not , can not , -dare ipt , WJtue it ? Steady then , and no surrender 1 - " . . ' -.
A Corinthian ambassador baa said " When a nation is at peace they may follow their aacient maxims ; but when they are involved in a variety > of difficulties they must try new expedients , and set every engine to work to extricate themselves . " An able address has appeared in tbe Star , of the 25 th inst , from the Dumfries and Maxweltown Universal Suffrage Association , well worthy the attention « f every Radical Association , The plan of organization , though not novel , seems well calculated to effect a great deal of good if carried out properly ; the second proposed plan , if acted upon , will do more to place , the cause of the suffering millions in a better light , than any that has hitherto been adopted . The grievances of the working classes are so manifold that ft work confined within the limits of some
specified form would go far to destroy the prejudices of many who only judge of the principles of Chartism , by the events of a day , or tbe failure of any one wheel in so complicated a piece of machinery . The Whigs may perhaps discover , when it is too late , that there are more grievances to be complained of by the wounded hearts of Chartism than has yet appeared on its throbbing bosom . Chartism , like the mighty deep , moves on in its calm but majestic mood ; while Whiggtry , like , some frail bark with a crew of revelling mariners seems unmindful of its warning , billowB , until unconsciously cast on some projecting headland , or enveloped in the surrounding breakers , then only to be awakened to a remorseless mind that they
had not pvd more attention to the . pilot at the helm , who had so oft and so lustily sung out , " Land a-head . " That such will be the fate of the Whigs few can be ignoraat None will doubt the compilation of such a work as is alluded to would drew forth the latent talents of the working classes , which it appears , from recent cruelty , needs only to be . called upon to be displayed . Such a work , placed in juxta-position with the only standard work that has ever appeared from the Whigs by their publisher , Daniel O'Connoll , named " Base , Bloody , and Brutal ! " would place tkeir just cause on such an imperishable proud pedestal of glory , that they might say to the trumpeter of Household Suffrage what was said to Hector ' s—
" Now crack thy lungs and split thy brasen pipe ; Blow , villain , till thy seared cheek ontswells The cholic of puffed Aquillon . . Come , stretch thy chest , and letthine eyes spout blood . Thou blowest for the Whig * . " For this alone you would be justly entitled to the meed of gratitude from ages yet unborn , and transmit to your children a work that wonld initiate them in the principles of love , justice , and humanity ; they would cling to the book of their fathers like the tendrils of the woodbine round the old forest oak , receiving life , liberty and health from its succulency , and be old republicans at a less matured age than by all the other means adopted in the political schools of the world . One word more ; I have just heard that your general is made prisoner of war by the brutal Whigs . Now , then , is ths time to try the calm courage of his troops ; his liberty , perhaps bis life , for he is ill , may depend much upon your moral courage , and your resolve not to desert the camp in his absence . There is the following story in ancient history -.
—The Grecians sent to Delpbos to consult the oracles ; the answer being brought , the generals immediately dispersed themselves throughout the whole country , and caused all the fires to be extinguished ; and Euchidas , a citizen of Platsea , having taken upon himself to go and fetch the sacred fire with all possible speed , made the best of his way toDelphos . On his arrival , he purified himself ; sprinkled his body with consecrated "water ; put on a crown of laurel ; and then approaching the altar , from which , with great reverence , he took the holy fire , and carried it with him to Plsliea , -where he arrived before the setting of the Bun , having travelled one hundred and twenty-iive miles English in one day . When he came back , he saluted his fellow cit zens ; delivered the fire to them ; fell down at their feet ; and expired in a moment afterwards ! Now , the first part of the moral I would draw from this Btory I will tell you j the second I dare not
Every attempt will be now made by the modern Whig Grecians to extinguish the sacred name of liberty , which O'Connor , your noble Euchidas , has purchased for you almost with bis life . Long have you been to the Whigs "hewers of wood and drawers of water . " Surely , now , then , every man can spare a faggot for the pile , till an Etna be formed that will illume the dark recesses of his prison house . Keep his enemies in memory of Pompeii , and yield the cheering consolation of knowing that '' Reverses shall brighten your zeal ; Misfortune shall hallow his name ; And the foes that pursue him shall mournfully feel How quenchless his spirit and flame , That Chartists will breathe , when their hearts are on fire , Vat tb . 6 hero they love , and the chief they admire . " I am , dear friends , With you , I hope , Determined never to be a passive , slave , Xi T . € lakct
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LETTER XIII . ( Continutdfnm our lasLJ I had been many years the steward of Mr . Thornhill ' I had grown grey in my master ' s service . My father had been the steward of my master ' s yonth : —his faithful guardian , when he was young and foolish . My father ' s death was hastened ( as many of yon know ) by his great anxiety and exertions for Mr . Thornhill ' a welfare . He had served his master ( nearly twenty years ) for leas than nothing : —his salary nevet coveredI his sacrifices and expenses . He left a name , which I inherited . He was beloved by all .
The tenant * ( when they had tried me ) loved mo too . They know that sorrow never visHed them , bat i Bhued n their griefe . When they were toottbled , so was I . It waa their wont to tell me thek trials , to consult me in their difficulties ; it was mine to counsel and advise them as my dearest friends . - I ' speak not nowof Calverley , but of the paternal property surrounding Flxby . As fer Calverley , since Jhave learnt who was the Squire's spy , set on to harrass , tire , tease and perplex me , I only wonder that matters were not there more crooked than they are ; I speak of Fixby , where steward and tenants ( differing as we might in religion and politics ) did really love each other .
Of the surrounding population , of every rank , I need not speak . I dare appeal to all , if , as a steward and a neighbour , I had not secured their respect ? With what ability I managed Mr . Thornhili ' s concerns , let facts speak . Was ever landlord more honoured ( though unknown hi the neighbourhood ) than was my master ? Was there a name , amongst all the neighbouring gentry .
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more respected than that of Thornbill ? Was « ver an estate of such magnitude , with 999 tenaafe , and on a&xnt landlord , managed with law expanses scarcely amounting to five pounds a year ? Let the stewards of the neighbouring estates , the professional gentlemen all around , who are judges of these matters , say . Did Richard Oastler do his duty to Thomas Thornhill ? Was he careful of his master's fame and interests ? and business-like and gentlemanly in all transactions ? I make no exceptions : —I dare , t do appeal to all . more respected than that of Thornhill ? Waj « veran ~~ i . h * ~» ™ -a ™ . ^ , i * .. ^« _«»» . n « n *__ •_ >
Nay , my master was himsett ' convinced of this , or he would have told me ef my faults else . He has , when speaking of me to bis most Intimate friends , even staoe he discharged me , deceived teem when he said" that his only objection to me , was my determined opposition to the New Poor Law . " I have it even from his Welsh attorney , that " until Mr . Thornhill called upon fohu on the 22 nd of August , 188 S , ( when the letter , dated'Oowes , August 18 tfo , was written in his office , ) until that day
( four months after n > y discharge ) he never beati . either Mr . Thornb . 111 or any of his family speak of me but in the highest terms of praise , both as to my honesty , my industry , and my ability . " Mr . Hugh Thomas told me much mare than this , and about the New Poor Law , general politics , my ' acknowledged talents , " ( his very words , ) &c &c . ; bat all that will keep till another day I have-only told you so much , to prove after my discharge Mr . Tbornhill knew and confessed to his Meads , that I had dene my duty to him and his .
Yok will remeiaber that when I was discharged , I was , and had been for some time , confined by serious illness ; and that Mr . Thernhill gave me no reason far his abrupt dismissal . I needed none . I knew all abeot it . I was already aware lhat he was in correspondence-with his old friend , Mr . Lewis , the Poor Law Comiuteskmer , and that he tod resolved , at all hazards , to enteoo the New Poor Law , on Ms "life estates" at Fixby , on the understanding from the Commissioners . I Save not just now a copy ef that letter by me , but I remember it so v * ell , that & know I Bhall not waste nany words in quoting it : —
"The parishes which belong to you j ( Mr . Thornhill ) in Norfolk , which are not entailed , and « s 7 hich are so fortunate as *» trove no poor , should not * e injuriously affected by * he New Poor LaW ; it not being our iniintUm to mate any parish pay for any poor but its own . " ' ' Tho Poor Law Commissioner further went on to state : — " We have great pleasure in learning that your opinion is in favour of the working of the Act , which we are engaged in endeavouring to carry inta effect . Your assistance will be of great service to us in enforcing Hie Act inOik township of Fixby . "
Yes , my friefids , I kn ewall about it ; several of Mr ThornhiU ' s friends had kindly warned mo , that if I would not desist from opposing the New Poor Law , he would be sure to discharge me ; there was no need , therefore , that Mr . Thornhill should tell me ; I was well aware that I must be removed from Fixby , before the Commissioners could , ( even with Mr . ThornhiU ' s assistance , ) enforce the New Poor Law there ; for although I was determined not to interfere in that township , yet , as long as I was present , the tenants felt strengthened in their opposition : it was , therefore , absolutely necessary that I should be removed to
make way for the accursed Gonimisnonen . Mr . Thornhill , however , did condescend to inform me , "that he had written to a person the same day to find a steward for him . That " person" waa my old friend Redhead , the vicar of Calverley . The man whom I had first introduced to him , and for whom I had thus obtained the vicarage . With that same " person" I afterwards found that a regular correspondence had been maintained , with reference to Calverleyaffairs , for some years . It so happened that Redhead had a son-in-law , who , as a surgeon , could not thrive ; so he was going to try his luck in a druggist ' s shop in Manchester , the
valuation of which he had agreed for , and he was just on the paint of removing there . Redhead told Mr-Thornhill , in answer to his letter , that he knew of no one suitable for the situation ; but that he had a sonin-law whom the situation wonld suit to a nicety , for he wanted a good berth . Ramsbotham was immediately ordered to wait upon tbe Squire . He did so . The bargain was instantly struck at £ 350 a-year , and a heuse to live in , Ramsbotham agreeing to the slavish conditions , that he would never interfere in politics ; and especially , that he would not in any way oppose the enforcement of the New Poor Law ! ! Does not this fact speak volumes , my friends ? I know that all this Is true . If disputed , I do not fear going into proof . The
vicar then boasted to his friends that "Ramsbotham only just opened his mouth , and the plum fell into it " Let the gaping youth take care that the stone of that " plum" does not choke him . It was nourished in a forbidden tree , which tree was planted by Envy in the garden of Haired that day when I obtained a grant from Squire Thornhill for a piece of ground on which the Wesleyan Methodists might build a chapel in the village of Calverley . ( See my letter X . ) N » wonder that its fruit was malice ! Yes , vain , aspiring , Ignorant , youth—be careful that the stone of thai plum does not choke you ! You are "a monstrous clever fellow , ' - no doubt ! But have a care of that stone , Sir ! There is a " Lucifer" in its kernel , boy ! By and bye it will explode , or for once I am mistaken .
I was rejoiced when I heard that Ramsbotham was appointed . Redhead I then believed to be one of my most sincere friends . I had been afraid that the tenants might be delivered into the hands of the Welsh Attorney ; my mind was set at rest , on their account , when I found that Mr . Thornhill had appointed the son-in-law of my old friend the vicar of Calverley . I know nothing of the young man ' s abilities , but I resolved to do all that I could to assist him ; and to every tenant 'whom I saw , I expressed my joy at his appointment .
It so happened that , at length , the youth came to Fixby . I think it was on the 7 th of August , 1838 . I had been discharged on the 28 th May preceding . In the meantime , Mr . Thornhill and I had exchanged several letters , each of them was couched in terms as friendly as usual . I was not aware that there was the least misunderstanding between us . I supposed that we should part on the very best terms . A quarrel with my old master , I had never even dreamt of .
Ramsbotham appeared dejected , confused , and embarrassed . He had wandered about the grounds some time before he dared to approach the hall . I received him with the greatest cordiality . I was really glad to see him . I could not account for his dejected and embarrassed manner . No , my friends , I was not then aware ( but he knew it well ) who had been , for years , the Squire ' s head spy at Calverley . I knew not Men , who was the " person" who had been alienating the affections of the Calverley tenants from me , and causing a perpetual state of irritation ( as yon will see
when I come to the correspondence of that period ) between Mr . Thornhill and mysejf . I was as innocent , even of suspicion , as the child unborn . But Ramsbotham was in the secret . He knew , too well , that my deadliest enemy , was one whom I had always believed to be my bosom friend . His conscience was his accuser ; he might well be agitated when in the old cast-off Steward ' s presence . I had once been told , by a friend in Calverley , that " Redhead was the . spy . " I declared it to be , what I believed it was , a lie . I assured that person that it was utterly impossible .
If Ramsbotham had been my son , I could not have treated him with more kindness . I offered him bed and board at " my house . " When he spoke of his inexperience and want of knowledge , I encouraged him , and told him "that on all occasions I should have real pleasure in assisting him . " " That I should be happy to go over the estates with him , and introduce him to the tenants ; " and in every way that I could , I offered him my best serricea . It would have been easy , nay , it
wonld now be very easy , for me to sow ( hat estate so full of tares , that neither Ramsbotham nor Thornhill could manage it I thank God , that I am not revengeful I told Ramsbotbam that the tenants were the best race of men on earth ; that Mr . Thornbill had only one fault—jealousy ; and that , if I were to Bee him , I should advise him , for his own Bake , never to allow any persons to interfere between him and his new Steward , as he had been foolish enough to do , between himself and me .
I declared to him , " that in my opinion , the spy system had deteriorated the Calverley estate at least £ 5 , 000 ; in consequence » f the discharge of James Thompson , and the impossibility I felt of giving any satisfaction to the tenants , so long as Mr . Thornhill made the very lowest characters his regular correspondents , about myself and the tenants . I did not then know -who was the master spy . The result had been , that I was forced to leave the estate in the hands of the ' spies / and had only gone over to teeeire the rents .
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and on other very pressing occasions . " I told him " that Mr . ThwnhUl knew that , in Calverley , there was not room both for the ' spies' and hb Steward . " The young mas seemed wondrous cunaiBg , when I talked about the " spies ; " bnt he said nothing , and , so foolish was I , that t guessed nothing . I also pointed out to Mr . Ramsbotham , "that the great difficulty and expense to the resident Steward on that estate was Mr . ThornhiU ' s absence , and that his children did not inherit ; fcut these objections would and on other very pressing occasions . " t told him t < »> ,., < . v » . rr ^ -vm i . _¦• . . _' -. ¦ ¦ . ¦ • .. . -i
now be entirely removed , as Mr . Thornhill intended to reside , the elder children were provided for , and there was now a heiress . " He wished me to furnish hi » ¦ w ith the rent roll , and either particulars and books , for the ensuing Calverley rent day . All of which were immediately forwarded to him . I told him , "that I was arranging and labelling all the books , documents , and papers in the t « Sce , so as to give him no trouble , but that he might walk in , sit down , and at once be quite at home . "
He wished me t * fix on an early day to visit Calverley , to settle the accounts of that estate with the understeward . I did so . We parted on the most friendly terms . I was a little surprised at the reason he gave me for net taking " bed and board " with me ; he said'' that fce should have been most happy to have done so , but fee thought that Mr . Thornhill would not like it" Now I thought it was the very thing which would have pleased Mr . Thornhill . But I was ignorant , I did not ka « w that a storm was brewing .
Well , on tfae 21 st of August I visited Calverley for the last time . I hope I shall never see that place again . I went to settle with the under-steward . I did so , in the presence iff Mr . Ramsbotham . I wished him to be present all tbe while , that he might see and hear all that passed . We took wine together ; he seemed to be pleased witfa all 1 had done . I gave him all tb . e papers and accounts "which I had received from the understeward , requesting he would hand me % copy of those I should require , in order to make out my own accounts for Mr . Thornhill . When I had done with the under-steward , Mr . Ramsbotbam and I remained
together sometime , conversing in the most friendly mariner . "I told him that since I was discharged , I had received and written several letters from and to Mr . Thornhill , that it was very likely he had heard of them : but , in order that he might be sure I was not interfering with him , I had brought the whole correspondence with me . I handed the letters to him j he read them , and said that " he was much obliged ;" adding , with a leering smile ( which I did not then understand ) , " I have had letters from Mr . Thornhill about you ; of course , you do not expect that I should shew them to you . " I was surprised at the observation .
Afterwards I understood allabout it I replied " by no means ; my only reason for showing you those is , that you may know I have not been interfering about you . " In due time I prepared to depart . I desired him to " give my kindest regards to Mr . Redhead , and to assure himself that I should always have real pleasure in rendering him all the assistance in my power . " He begged me "to go down to the vicarage , " assuring me that " the vicar would be very much grieved if I left Calverley without calling to see him . " Remembering his objection to " bed and board " with me at Fixby ,. I excused myself by saying , " perhapa Mr . Thornhill
would be grieved and jealous if I called . And be would be sure to hear of it , for that estate was full of spies . ' He smiled ( he knew who the great spy was ) and said , "There will be no danger of that ; you must go down and see Mr . Redhead ; he expects you to call j know that he has been very ill , he cannot call upon you ; but he will be quite grieved if you do not call to see him . " So , like a good-natured body , I went The old steward and new steward then walked down the village together . We entered the vicarage . The vicar was delighted to see me . He was so kind , so affectionate , so feeling towards me ! And then his son-in-law
brought out wine and cakes ; and then we eat and drank together . Oh , we were so friendly and so happy ! I wished them well , and the Squire- well , and the tenants well . They said that they wished me well . So there -we were altogether as happy and as friendly in the dining-room of Calverley vicarage , on the 2 lst August , 1838 , as three good-natured , honest souls could wish to be ; at least so I then thought But they were clothed , cloaked , veiled . ' In my Letter X . I referred yon to this scene . ( Read that letter again just now . ) In my last I told you that I would show you theso two men" in buff , " and so I will .
- Now mark how I undress them . And when you see them naked ( as in a moment or two you will do ) , tell me , right honestly , what they are like . You will recollect that this friendly meeting in the vicarage , at Calverley , was on the 21 st August , just four days before my intended departure from Fixby ( which was on the 25 th of the same month . ) You remember the real " agitation" at that period ; that ten times ten thousand persons were expected to meet me on that day to receive the cast-off Steward as their "King , ' and bear me in triumph to Huddersfield . You remember that on that morning ( Saturday , 25 th August ,
1838 ) the Leeds and Halifax newspapers contained a letter , written on the 17 th of that month , from Cowes , by Mr . Thernhill , stating " that I had cheated him , and that was why he had discharged me ! " You remember , that if I had not , by a most manifest interference of a kind Providence , received a notice of that letter , and was thus able to insert one in reply in the same papers , that I must have been ( if Mr . Thornhill had been believed ) torn to pieces by that vast multitude , whom , in that case , I should have deceived and betrayed . The vengeance of the people against me would have been
intense , just in proportion to their love of honour and honesty , and their former love for me . Had Thornbill been believed I must have been murdered . You remember all this , my friends . I can never forget it ! The charge was intended to have come upon me like a sudden clap of thunder ! Your rage was intended for the l ightning . But God , that God who has watched over me from my mother ' s womb , revealed the dark and bloody plottings of my cowardly assassins , , and saved me from their snares 1 Adore that God with me , my friends .
On the 2 lst , the old cast-off Steward , whose united services , with his father ' s , on that estate , were thirtysix years , was in the vicarage , which his influence had procured for his friend . The vicar was present , just recovering from a most deadly illness ! The new Steward , to whom the old Steward had behaved like a father , was there also ; and we were all feasting together ; we seemed friendly . .. . ; My friends , I can scarcely trust myself—I can never think of that scene without feelings of horror : unutterable horror !! — . _•
In a few words I will undress them . That very day Mr . Ramsbotham had been to Leeds , arid , I believe , also , to Halifax , to order the insertion of Mr . Thornbill ' s letter the next Saturday morning , in the newspaper charging me with fraud , &c . which newspapers were all published on the very day when 100 , 009 of yourselves honoured ine with your company pn my departure from Fixby ! I believe that he had the letter in his pocket ^ -the letter intended to blast my character , and the letter which , under the circumstamcesj was calculated to cause my violent death !! He did not even give me the slightest hint !
—r- : — Well might the Vicar wish once more to gaze upon his friend , the intended victim of the Squire ' s wrath ! by the hands of an exasperated people !! Such was my last visit to the Vicarage at Calverley ! Do you Bee them naked , friends ? ^ Ramsb « tham has still one rag concealing his heart i will tear It ont He did not believe one word the -Squite had written , although he had that day rode bo many miles to hare the letter published ? Hew do I know that ? The day after , ABguBt 22 ad , he forwarded me the copies of the accounts which I wanted , and , quite uncalled for , he wrote to me as under : — , " ' "paWerley . aaiidATW . lSSS .
«^ . ^ . _ « , _ ... " My dear Sir , ( l ) - ^ -1 hope I have given you a correct copy of the papers y « want I have ( mat pleasure ( I !) hi doing it for you , and shall at aU times be ready to do anything Ican to oblige you Y'I 'J With kind r . ' / . ' ^ respoctstoMrs . Oastlw . ' " I am , mydear Sir , (! I ' I' ! f ) ¦ ¦ " ' Very truly yours , ( I !!!! >) " J . H . Ramsbotham . " " Richard Oastler , Esq ., &a , &a
The— ! No , I will not name him—you "hall ! If he had believed Mr . Thornhill ' s charge against me , what a monster lie must have been to address me thus I I told you I would make no remarks , that I could state the facts , just as they transpired ] and leave yon to find names suitable for two snch things ¦ I have done my duty . Do yours .
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Chadwiek can tall you the * name - ^ hush igateto Ramsbotham , when last I sa bimhere in London . If you can find a better , do . : It is a remarkable eire amBtance , but it is only ansthc t proof of the watchful care of Almighty God , that oa both days when Mr . . ThomhiU wrote his published charges agains * me , viz . the 17 th and 22 nd of August ( for that letter d * ted 18 th of August , Cowes , was , hj fact , written , as I have before informed yon . ia the Welsh Attornvjy ' s office , London ; it was written oi the 22 nd , * ot on th « 18 th ; this is important to be remembered ;)—it ia , I say , remarkable , tost on both ) those daya , Mr . Thtrnhlll wrote to me also , and never once alluded to fraud ! n « ! the foul and lying charg * Chadwiek can tall yon the . name ww « i . t — ... . _ ¦ . ___ ... - _ " ¦ " ¦ wmo i gave to
waa intended to come suddenly upon you and me—thai your rage against me might'be the keener and ttie ' hotter 1 I never think on that cir cumstance without a creeping sensation of horror seizing me at the base , cowardly villany of man ! which sensation is afteK wards removed by thankfulness to that God whoth « n saved me , in a way so marvellous—a way in which , there appeared to be so many chances , all working to out point , that I should be an Athkst if I did not believ * tta < interposition to have been miraculous . I do believe friends , that God will save me to the end ! That he will give me the victory overall those dastardly and cowardly foes ! I have not yet finished with Redhead and Ramsbotham . ™ J
I have only just stripped off their rags ! Before ££ tale is told ( although ! may conclude it in ; theFh ( ipf ' ¦ will , if truth can do it , flay them both allvev ^ Pw ot with my knife , but with . ttw pen ; which , with a splendid silver inkstand , the good folk . of Paddock gave to ^ me . God bless those Paddock friends of mine ! They have already promised to make a part of the Yorkshire * Jury , when the Squire and the cast-off Steward meet , in our own county . I have not -forgotten 1 whose delicate and spotless fingers decked this Padehck-psn , b& . tastefully with twisted silk of blue . I will wield ft truthfully—not sparingly I I am , you know that I am ^ . a dab-hand , even with a common pen ; but when I me , the one of Paddock , I am inspired by many recollou tions wbJeh fire my zeal and urge me on to Victory .. ¦
For the present , my friends , I leave the Vicar and the Steward standing stdrk * naked , trembling and shivering before you , there to ^ waft my pleasure , i . ' e . until I am in the humour for further pperatioar . Meanwhile , give them their names ! ' I am yours , " ^ As sound as ever at heart , ~ Though rather low in pocket , Richard O * sti . eb . 106 , Sloane-street , Chelsea ,
June 1 st , 1840 . ~ P . 8 . But now , about O'Connor . Yes , we must hat * } one word about him , else , I am sure you will be ang ^ i My friends , I have done my best , my very best , 't * have not been idle—I have not laboured in vain . - Bn | I have not half finished . I will not be ^ ^ satisfied witfr an amelioration of the illegal tortures inflicted upon my friend . I am determined to have justice , not only for him , but for all those poor , good , honest men , . ' who
are , on the authority of the Attorney-General , under . going punishments , in different prisons , Which , WQ " UUgal , " ' and which the Courts who sentenced tbjm " never contemplated . " I will have more , if there be Jj these new-fangled reforming days of tyranny anyJcon , stitutional responsibility left anywhere . I will try to find out the guilty authors of all this illegal tortttjey and then force the public prosecutor , if he have » conscience , in their persons , to vindicate the insulted
law . Will you help me ? Then we con do it I do not know how you feel . Since that policeman griped my body in the Court of Queen ' s Bench , and since I heard of O'Connor ' s tortures in York Castle , I have been ' almost ashamed to own myself an Englishman or a Yorkshireman ! I am , however , coming round—as we say in our county—I begin " to feel the monkey stirring , * I will not quietly endure it Yorkshiremen , we are ) worthy of our county and our country : we -will try to make both , as formerly they were , worth y of ourselves . England shall not , i f I can hinder it , be enslaved by police ! Yorkshire shall not , if you will aid me , be the seat of torture ! " '
But about O'Connor—how is it ? I believe that the plain truth of the whole matter ia , that the Govern ment , having caught O'Connor , believed that thej could not please their master , O'Connell , ( O'Connc ^ i deadliest foeV better than by deUverlngTaeu ; vk « m ^ of the hands of the law into the new-torture trap , called York Castle ; there to be tormented to the death , in secret , by nobody knows who . ' - That I believe to be the true history of the whok matter .
Now that they are found out , both O'Connell and hit masters—like all thieves when pursued , are the first to cry " stop thief . " Innocent , immaculate creatures ! "they know nothing about it ; " " it ' s the judges ; " itf » the Marshal of the Queen ' s Bench ; " •« it ' s the rules and regulations ; " " it ' s the Yorkshire magistrates ; ' "ift anything , or anybody ; but it is not us ! " Dear ' inno . cents ! Fox Maule did not know that O'Connor was ill J
that his life would be endangered by confinement lit the felons' prison ! He knew nothing about the " rules and regulations I" So he wouldhave us believe . Ifeaowthat the fellow knew all about thesefacts , and , knowing them , I believe that it was his intention to do that which the doctors' certificates said would follow upon such treatment ; by so doing , I believe that be hoped to gratifl his master—not his mistress ! Somebody must beti blame—I believe that it is the O'Connell Government
It seems , however , that there is a Yorkshireman wbo is of a different opinion : a county magistrate , nay , evo a county member , Sir George Strickland ! He saya that ths Government are unjusly blamed , and that tin reason why O'Connor was tortured , was because j <* had given the Yorkshire magistrates £ 200 , 000 toiuiM a torture-shop , with walls so thick , that theynugtt play at torturing unheard and unobserved by you , aoi that the magistrates , the Yorkshire magistrates , havii | done you out of snch an expensive plaything , we » anxious to prove that they deserved it , by maku < " rules" for torturing her Majesty ' s subjects , and If most rigidly adhering to and enforcing those " riles . ?
If there be any meaning in the words attributed to Sir George Strickland , when he came to the rescue if Government , on Wednesday last , in the Houseof Commons ; I say , if there be any meaning in those wordi , j I have now translated them correctly . /* . Sir George onght certainly to . know / all about it I do not believe . one word of it . 1 % , is impossible tht the magistrates , could make such ' rules , " without ti *
knowled ge and approval of / the Home Secretarjr That one fact settles the question ; and fastens ^ ¦ whole upon the guilty , . lying , tyrannical , O'Conafl Government J If , however , I mistake ; if S r Ckx * is correct ;! if . the -Yorkshire magistrates fcsv * indp * without the sanction and authority of the Goven BBei ? turned your Castle into a place of illegal torture ^ jf would then advise them immediately to return the r ** payers the .
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS ,..:, ' . ' which , in that case , they have Btolen fromi )! . * * instantly to set about , ( as far as the new building 1 ? concerned , ) , v PULLING DOWN YOBK CASTLE " ! -, ' ¦; 'h so that ONE STONE MAV NOT REMAIN UPON AKOXBJjIr : to rem ) nd £ J »; peeple and posterity of their girinfrf ^! Then , I would advise them to return their coiumisMJ * and for ever hide their : guilty heads in any e * " * save our own , - . , ^ If Sir George has libelled them , let them / ay » eM make him eat his words , ana do them public j <^ W We must have the truth out , somehow or « flierfS that is all atomtit But , who is that H »^» i M torturei mkster general , who is he ? I mean U » ;« # sitor-geneTal , the rnlei of the torture-shop , pn ^ iS : QVW > M « ft « UO AUIQA Vi Vila W *»«** V- «**»~^ F * " ¦
* Is he ? That fellow- who refused to let O'Connor W f publisher , who can -hebe ? That magistratelW . who tantalized O'Connor , by asking him , " if W ?* r prefer solitary confinement for eighteen months . * . tell me who that gentleman is ? There WM *^ J | when I was « boy , a son of Mr . Hague , of fit ~ 3 « p Hill , Leeds . His father made some money i »! jr bought Kelfleld , near York , and lives there . S"g it is not he ! The . magistrates of Yorkshire * " £ never makehim master of the Castle ! ^^ jjjp he is , and take care thatheisnot " solitary ' ^***^ / where ' er he goes . I hope , I trust , for tbe " ^ T ^ his father , ( who was a very respectable etotto > B "" "" 2 l that this Hague is not the manofKelfield . ForU f ^» of my native town , I would not have him ^^ Hague , whose name can never be erased ttotn of infamy t g ft
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TO THB EDITOB OP TL ^* JTOBTHERS STAR . Sib , —Permit me , through ' , the ""^"" s lot your invaluable journal , to call the attention « filje working people of the East Wanchej , ter DisWrt to the cases of their fellow-townsmen who a . * sow sbferine in the
jnisons of our county . . 0 , - Fellow-Work ing Men , TMf * ' < ri * ii of England ' s greatness seemi to be at hand ? ' and "without the united efforts of the workin g people , nil * ing can prevent this country , once the envy of but rounding nations and the admiration of the world , fr . "an sinking Into the common grave of nations . For what , fellowcountrymen , is our sttaation at the pre . " ^ nt ? On the one hand , an aristocracy uniting in wea . Ub infinitely greater than that of many contintntal - Xwtentates ; xactory lords more vain , more insolent , more I ' Traaoica ] ,
To The People Of Yorkshire.
TO THE PEOPLE OF YORKSHIRE .
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5 THB NORTHERN STAB , ' ¦ ' ' ; * ¦ . . '¦ ' " ' " ¦ * mm ^ m ^^ m ^ tmmm ^ m ^ miamt ^ tatm ^^^ m ^^^ mi ^^ i ^^^^ m ^^ m ^ t ^^^^ am ^^ mm ^ a ^ K ^ m ^^^ m ^ m ^^^^ m ^ m ^ um ^^^^ t ^ - ^ SSmSUmSSi ^^^^ S ^^ SS ^^^^^^^ k .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 13, 1840, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2688/page/6/
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