On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (13)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
FESTIVAL AT TROWBRIDGE, WILTS, TO COMMEMORATE THE PURCHASE BY THE CHARTISTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC CHAPEL.
-
ipottvD
-
i.tterarg @xtvatt&
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
TO THE RIGHT HON . LORD JOKX RUSSELL . Lbttee II . «¦ 0 that mine enemy would write a book . "MY Lord , —JTo doubt you remember the story of the oelebrated Abernethy and Ms gouty patient , when the latter asked the Doctor how he could cure hia ricketty constitution , to which question the eccentric Doctor answered , rather significantly , " Bead my book , Sir , read mv book . " You , my Lord , once wrote a book TO THE RIGHT HON . LORD JOH * RUSSELL ,
which you ostentatiously ushered forth as a " History of the English Constitution . " You were then a promising young patriot—a flourishing scion of the noble house of Russell , and a worthy descendant of that ancient race which was so well rewarded for its honourable consistency during the struggle for Protestant Ascendancy in England . In your book you talk largely of " Civil and religious freedom "— " Liberty of the Press "—•' Sense ef Justice "— " National Deet "— " Standing AKnJ - _ " Poor Laws "— " Influence of the Crown "—
•• Impeachment , " besides , my Lord , you talk of a remedy against the abuses of power , and you teach us how to use the remedy . These are all subjects of great importance to every Englishman who values that Constitution which guarantees him his political " libertv , and I , a true-born Englishman , descended from * as prime a stock as toot Lordship , though reared in a less f » Tonred soil , -ralae the Constitution of Old England , which , like the gouty patient , I find in a ricketty state ;
» nd 1 appeal to your Lordship , a 3 you profess to be a State Physician , and in your book manifest an anxiety to remove all civil and religious disabilities from the shoulders of the people , that they may stand erect and proclaim to the whole world the perfection of the Constitution . I appeal to you , my Lord , on the verity of your doctrines , on the wisdom of your advice , and on your profession of patriotism . I appeal to you to administer those prescriptions which you then considered
essentially necessary to renovate the English Constitution . I should not now address you , my Lord , but that of late you have been Very naughty ; keeping bad company , playing tricks with the old constitution ; recanting yonr former doctrines , punishing with ex-ttfieios and indictments yom di&tiplea , and consigning them to dungeons , because they were too apt scholars . It is too bad of you , my Lord . " O than mine enemy would write a book , " that I may keep him to his faith , or declare Mm renegade ¦
You , my Lord , are " mine enemy , " as you are the enemy of England , aud the bitterest foe to her constitution . I hesitate not for a single moment to declare you to be the instrument in the hands of a bind of libertieidal conspirators , who are watching every opportunity to cut , stab , hack , TnryiTq , disfigure , and Titally wound that very constitution which you in your book are so anxious to preserve inviolate , to the honour and dignity of the free-born people of England .
My Lord , the polity of the English constitu : ion is two-fold—civil and military ; both co-existcnt and eo-essential , created out of the sa me elements , an ! by the same power—the people . The civil power , according to our ancient constitution , was invested by the people in Kings , Sheriffs , Coroners , Knights of Shires , Magistrates , and Constables ; all except Kings were annually elected , and controlled by the people in their popular assemblies .
The military polity ef England was never entrusted ' ¦ to any man , or set of men , but lay in the whole people capable of bearing arms ; a natoral Tmiinfl . constituted the physical strength of the nation , and the peer and ; the peasant were ali > -. e interested in defending the ! commonwealth , and upholding the supremacy of the , law . ! The centralisation system , of which your Lordship : has of late become so unfortunately eruraioured , has ; pierced the heart of the Constitution ; and the ancient I dvil and military polity , so long the boast ef our ances- I tors , is fast merging into a state of autocracy , and
that autocracy , supported by military mercenaries , is transferred from the hereditary Monarch of the kingdom : to an irresponsible Minister of state . ; The Sheriffs , anciently elected by the people in the : Aire , most for the purpose of executing the laws , and putting down " riots , routs , and insurrections , " are ' now appointed by the Crown , at the will of the ilinis- j ter ; and the ancient county power , the pisse comilatus , ! is superseded by the gendarmerie , and the power ofthe SheriS" is virtually destroyed in him , but entrusted ' to amilitary commander of the county " force , " which your Lordship has been wantonly and maliciously ; instrumental in introducing into the country .
The Coroners , once elected by the freeholders of wwnties , are now or in future to be elected by the 1 ^ Mayors , Aldermen , and Common Councilmea of boroughs , created by your own precious Corporation Beform BID ; thus transferring the power of electing these really useful officers from thousands of freeholders to twenty or thirty Corporation Councilmen . The Knights of Shires , elected by the U . MTEfijiL Stffeages of the people , previous to the 8 th Henry TL ( 1429 * , subsequently by the forty shining freeholders of counties , and latterly by such persons as your political partisans and "Whig revising barruters those to &Uow .
The Magistrates , formerly elected by tke people , are bow appointed by the Crown , through the Minister of itafce , and generally chosen from the mest servile of your upstart gentry , manufacturing cotton lords , and creatures recommended by the Common Couneilinen of your favourite corporations , called into existence by that precious specimen of bungling legislation , your darling Corporation Ref jnn Aet . The Constables , until recently , were elected and controlled in parish vestries by the people at large , and rimsen from amongst themselves . Now , by your County Constabulary Bills , they are appointed by the military commanders elected from toe swarm of idle halfpay ofScera who infest the country by the magistrates appointed by the Crown , at the instigation of the Minister .
So far , my Lord , have you succeeded in destroying the ancient civil polity of England—so far have you •¦ assinated our civil institutions , and destroyed the ¦ aaent county power—the principle of self-government which has existed in England from the reign Of OUT fihutrions Alfred , down through ages past to tllfl year yon and old ttrey seiz = d the helm of state , and began to bnteber tb « Constitution . That principle of selfgovernment , abstracted from the law of nature , and
« obodied into our laws by our Anglo-Saxon fathers , *« by them held to be Uae life , the soul , the quintes . * ence of the English Constitution . Unimpaired -by pa , it is hallowed by time : its existence is found developed in every principle of English society , from tae gossip in the village green , to the Benefit Society in * public-house—from the Benefit Society upwards , fcrough every grade , to the fashionable clubs of the ¦ istocracy . There , my Lord , you will find every one in his own sphere contending for the principle of
selfgovernment . Even , my Lord , your ovrn CammoTis' House oaiend for this principle , when ita privileges are invaded bj the law . "RThy , then , do JOE 88 &fc , with libertieidal hands , to fcstroy this hallowed right ? "Why < io you , in the Seatade of your power , openly rob the people of their r manage their own affairs in their own local **» cts ? Why do you withhold from the people ¦«» right to elect Sheriffs , Coroners , Members of ^ 'kfflient , Magistrates , and Constables , as they
were wont to do in " oiden times ? - Are the people «« i ntelligent and leas prudent than they were in the dark ages" when they did exercise their rights ? « e they 1 ^ worthy to be entrusted with the franchise e «* t » common peace officer or a member of Par-«* Beni than they were in the days of " superstition ** 1 bigotry ? " If not , why , then , my Lord , do you •« » so unwarrantable a manner ? I pyuse " for an *»¦ I ask it ; I demand it in the name of my ^ ssed countrymen . Answer , my Lord , if your *» taotkni U not dead within yeu .
My Lord , you and your coadjutors , " all honourable ™^> i » ve blasted every institution in the country ; **«* a pretext of reform , you have invaded the « eed sanctuary of the Constitution , and there , with to J * f ° 5 Uberali ™ i upon your lipa , and a love of ^ ° u « wn in your hearts , you have ruthlessly seized *?* " » i » e , benevolent , judicious , and equitable insti-^ a venerated by centuries of experience and bar-^ °° alj mangled them . Not content with such wan-^ 'rt * of political vandalism , you stLl continue to ^™ Ple er foot every vestige of native independence , ¦* f"y regardless of the nation ' s welfare or your own
e military polity of England you have also de-^« ; the sword , formerly in the bands of the by $ J 7 ™ haTe to" 11 ^ into their own bewels ; and , * a of a standing army , you stifled their cries for
Untitled Article
vengeance upon you and your colleagues—their treacherous assarsins . O , my Lord ! you have done that with impunity whioa brought the unfortunate Charles to the block , | and drove the tyrant James from the throne . You i have armed one portion of the people against another ; portion ; and you have DISBANDED THE MILITIA . i You have sharpened the sabres of the " gentlemen " yeomanry cavalry , whilst you have taken the spear ; and the musket from the hands of the poor militiaimen . Why you have done this , my Lord , ia ; obvious to the most superficial observer to enforce pasvengeance upon you and your coUeaguea-thei ,
treach-. sive obedience to your tyrannical decrees . You have , encouraged The ungedly , who hath drawn out their I swords and bent their bows to cast down the poor and j needy , and to slay such as be of an upright cocservaj tion . "— My Lord ,, year after year , you re-enact ! a Mutiny BUI to keep up a standing army of 115 , 010 ¦ armed mercenaries , and year after year you re-enact the I Miilitaire Suspension Bill to keep dewn 120 , 000 millij tain men , or , in plainer English , te prevent the people from constitutionally assembling , with arms in their •; hands , to be drilled and trained and prepared either to support the ancient authority of the Sheriffs in the
execution of the law , or to march to the shores to defend their country against foreign invasion ; these noble and patriotic duties are henceforth to devolve to hired bands of pendarmerie and soldiers . The too confiding people of England have been most infamously robbed of the only power they ought to possess—the sword of the nation . By that power tyranny would be tept under ; by that power remaining in the hands of the people , they would have beea omnipotent , the bare knowledge of which would have been sufficient to overcome the most reckless invader of their rights , and humble to the dust such dissembling patriots as
you and your colleagues , " all honourable men "—by that power even the unparalleled imprudence of your Parliament would have been tamed , and the rapacity for plundering the nation checked ; nay , if they had ¦ dared to pass a New Poor Law , or a County Constabulary Bill , another Cromwell would have been found at ; the head of the militia , who 'Would have marched upon London , gone down to the House , taken the Members by the ears , and turned them out by brute force , locked the dour , ani put the key in his pocket , until the people had elected a Parliament worthy and competent . to make laws for the welfare of the nation .
You know , my Lord , the old maxim— " Before a nation can be robbed of her rights she must be disarmed of her natural powers to resist aggression . " You know also that it matters not if the people were armed with votes to the teeth—that Universal Suffrage itself would be of no avail , would work no good—unless the people were embodied in a vriUitaire to compel the King and Ministers to keep within the limits of the I Constitution and uphold the laws emanating from Parliament . You , my iord , I charge witb the treasonable suspension of the Balloting for the Militia , The mo-! meat yon came into power , you did move in Parliament
: er a suspension of the Militia , which your substrvient Parliament assented to . That done , all the power of the people was gone . Their hands were tied behind their t > acks , and they were overawed by an unconstitutional standing army . Then commenced the work of tyranny in earnest Irish Coercion Bills , Poor Law Bills , Rural Police Bills , Exchequer Bills , Funding Indemnity Bills , shameful robberies upon the public purse , Corporation Reform Bills , spl endid and extravagant annuities to German paupers , rejection of the peopled prayers for redress of grievances , increase of the army
and navy , war in Canada , and a thousand other acts of tyranny and oppression which you , with all your courage , would never have dared to contemplate had there been every year 120 , noo armed militia ready to resist such foul acts of tyranny . Enipson and Dudley were dignitaries of the law and Ministers of Statethey opressed the people by Acts of Parliament ; but they were hanged for it , my Lord . Learn their fate . They were banged ! I thall say a few words abeut your article upon the Standing Army . Tour book is a precious work , "Out of thine own mouth will I convict thee , " says the Prophet I remain , Your Lordship ' s servant , Vindicator .
Untitled Article
TO THE EDITOR OP THE * ORTHEEX STAR . Sib , —If you have space for the following letter in this week's Star , and it arrives in time , I would esteem its insertion a favour . Tours , Robt . L . O'SVERT . TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Fellow Citizens , —I have waited since I last addressed you on the necessity of agitation , and the best means of carrying it on , to see whether any other or better plan might be laid before you , and also how you would receive that which I had the honour to propose . I now take the liberty of addressing you on that topic again . So far as I have been able to gather the feeling of the Chartisis from the public press , I think their opinion of my plan is favourable . Many places have recoramendfcd it , while others are taking steps to put it in action as to it 8 main or vital part , namely , the eltcting a lecturer or agitator for the district I have
seen no opposing plans or condemnation of it ; in fact , the only digested plans I have seen are the plans of the Republican , the Dumfries Working Men ' s Association , and the Metropolitan Charter Union , and some remarks of Mr . Savage a : a meeiing in London , reported in the Northern Star . In the plan of " A Republican , " I see nothing to condemn but its inefficiency . As to the charge of secrecy against it , I think there is no fear on that score , for I do not understand that there will be any connexion between the concealed council aud the public , except as to obeying their orders they may ias , ue , when ! of course , a man may use his own judgment as to whether they are right or wrong , and whether they are calculated to lead him into a scrape or not For my own part , I think a head committee a very good thing
, and had thoughts of embodying it in my scheme , but did not , on the principle of first creep an . 1 then walk . " But , my doubts of the success of " A Republican's" secret Directory arise from my fear , nay knowledge , that the people will not trust their contributions in the hands of a budy of men they know nothing about , which would require a blind confidence . I may be answered , " that the acts and publications of the Directory would obviate tLat by proving their honesty and ntility . " _ Sail , I « aj , they could not commence OpeT&tiOIlS Until they had funds , and therefore the first contributions would be lent on faith . Besides , I decidedly differ with " Republican" as to the superiority of tracts over oral instruction . In propagating Radicalism you must touch and enlist the feelings before you can
get the mind to follow you . Political science is one that has the widest and deepest range , and when laid before one who is not an active thinker and inquirer , presents an uninviting , or too difficult subject of study . I have had come experience in these matters , and aui convinced that agitation ia the best seller and deliverer of tracts . Offtr them to many in the quietness of evtry-day life , and they will scarcely give a penny for one , and if so , read it with apathy , but get them to a public meeting , and enlist their feelings by a picture of their wrongs , and an appeal to their sense ef duty and right , and they wjll buy a tract on the subject , and read it with a desire of bang instructed . Agitation and distribution of tracts should always be cod joined . When we were organising the Northern Union of Newcastle , about two years ago , a person ¦ whom we sent went through the "whole Of a Small village with a " Sketch of the System , " the Union had
pntont at a penny each . He could not sell any and gave the place a dismal character for want of public spirit and principle . I answered , get me a place to speak from , and we'll soon bring them in . A friend and I went , and held a public meeting , in the evening a few days after , and got a good audience . We sold two hundred or the " Sketches of the System" in a few minutes after the meeting was ended , and that night funned a branch of the Union , and enrolled upwards of one hundred members . As to the Dumfries plan , it is weU drawn up , and very well fitted for an organisation ; bnt we want gathering together as a party before it would be put in operation . The Metropolitan is equally gooa . as a plan for the Metropolis , but it seems to have escaped the observation of the arrangers of district plans , that a national body communicating with all parts of the country , and emanating from its various districts , is one of the most powerful stimuli to action a people can have , while the unconnectod exertions of d stricts
are too apt to lmgnnh and die , when the mind of the country TU directed to one common object , the Charter : and the movement was made national , the organisation of Radicalism received a greattr advance in one year than it had done for a dozen before . The country wants action as much as instruction . In many places the people know as much about the plundering system as any tract can tell them , and they will not move in any thing that has not for its object a trial of the united strength , of the nation . Mr . Savage bjects that persons paid to preach often
become parsons , and dislike to do any handywork , and observes that if they have any money to spare , they have need of it for the wives and families of those that are imprisoned . I know not what reason Mr . a may have had for concluding that preachers of Chartism abide by it from laziness , and prosecute it as traders . Bnt this much I know , that any man who has the talent necessary for a preacher of Chartism , if a trader , be . might carry it to many more profitable markets than Chartism . Mr . Savage might liave known that few of its advocates get aught but persecution and poverty , and , too often , unthtmiJulness of friends for their labour . It is but
Untitled Article
fair to presume that the people are sufficient judges of the fitness and honesty of the man they hire ; and it will be free will act I can see no imposition in it ; and I know , from experience , that if he really agitates , bis decaying health will soon let him feel that it is far harder than any handy work . Can Mr . Savage not conceive it possible for men to have the love of a cause much at heart , so as , having cast their all on it , to be determined to struggle on until they see the issue , being conscious they can do good . Thank God , I haY& known such who have braved all , and been instrumental in keeping up the spirits of the drooping movement these last nine months . I can assure Mr . Savage that none out of prison have suffered as much as those in prison , and are not afraid of handy-work either . fair tn r ^ m » « , » . » - -.-. . _ ,-
In stating ray wish for ten lecturers to be elected , there was no statement of rejecting those who could serve gratuitously . If Mr . Savage , or any other of the London Chartists , can agitate the district around London , at their own expense , all the better for the cause ; but ^ where one district has such men , ten have not ; nay , in some districts , although there are men of extensive information , ther % kare no public speakers , and a visit from a good agitator is looked on as a great benefit to the cause . It is a principle of the People ' s Charter that your business is best done by paying those you employ to do
it , and that every public servant should be paid . The country is aware of the necessity for the labour , and there is nothing they are more williug to pay for , they -will haTe it ; and if there is not a body elected for the purpose , answerable to the electors for their mode and method of action , then isolated individuals will act as seemeth them best , each agitating their own crotchet , and in their own way , without any regard to unity . The country , eager for action , will support them , and thus a greater cost than tbat of an authorised body is borne by the people without any of the benefits of united action .
I have nothing to do in recommending any particular mode for agitating to carry the Charter ; these things must change as our strength increases . The combined opinion of the districts and their delegates will ever be able to point out the changes of action required , and every delegate will bring a knowledge of the wholo country to bear on the subject , a qualification which they have been lamentably deficient in hitherto , and without which no man is able to give judgment on a national project I named ten delegates , not that I thought that the only number that ought to be elected , but because I knew of the inability of the country to support more ; could they employ forty , all the better . 1 see from them , not knowing the state of the country , our friends have requested places to send delegates that cannot Westmoreland , for instance ; there are some good men in it , but very few . London cannot send two either . We should never call on the people to be at any expense that can be avoided .
I now conclude , hoping , for the honour of our principles , that one effort will be made , and active operations begun . If we wish the imprisoned patriots to be free , we must have agitation . If we wish their families to be supported , we must have agitation , for rest assured that unless the multitude are organised and appealed to on their behalf , the contributions for t < iem will be few indeed . If we wish the Charter carried , we must agitate , agitate , agitate , should be our standing order . No resting in the garrison or the camp ; to the field , to the field , be the cry . No peace with the plunderers of the poor , no compromise with tho tyrants ; down with corruption , anathema on the Whig assassins . With one heart shout freedom or a grave ; be true—be united—better cease to be , than live the branded slaves of blackguard aristocrats—the scorned wealth of idle vagabonds—men born of tyranny , and nurtured by robbery .
Hoping that with me yon are determined to struggle on , and battle for the victory , Fellow Citizens , I remain yours , Robert Lower ? . Dumfries , June 22 nd , 1840 .
Untitled Article
TO THE ED 1 T 0 B OF THB NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —The following case , which I think calls for the reprobation of the press , I send you to make use of , if you think proper . A young man . a wool-carder , and a native of Wigan , named Edward Burrell , left that place in the early part of last month to proceed to Belgium , where he had a notion he should get good employment , but , after waiting there a few days , aud not getting work , he procured of some Englishmen , whom he fell in with
the means to return as far as Osknd ; and there , on applying to the Consul , he obtained a passage free to Dover , whence he made on foot to London-bridge , where he applied to some one concerning an acquaintance , an engineer , and waa directed to the Southampton Railway ( about three miles ); being unsuccessful in his search , he began to think about getting a bed for the night ; he thereupon set off per direction of somebody to the Mendicity Society , Red Lion Square ; about three miles more ); but arrived too lato , the office being closed at four o ' clock , p . m .
He then rambled about , although , as you may suppose , wearied , almost to fainting , until he arrived in the neighbourhood of St . George ' s , Hanover-square , where he applied to the police about a lodging ( it is to be remembered he had tramped from ( iravesend , twenty-one miles , since rooming , living on the road upon bread and water , and had but twopence with him at this time ) , and he was directed to the wwkhouse ; but when he got there he was told he must go to the oversetr ; being , however , a total stranger in London , it is not to be wondered at that he could not find it , and thereupon rtturned to the police , and having reiterated his case , begged to be locked up for the night , but was again told , he had better take himself off ; but ere he went , he again repeated his question of
what should he do for a lodging ; and the answer was , " go and kick up a bloody row . " I almost weep while rec « rdiDg this brutal answer , and to imagine the poor fellow , toil-worn and destitute , two hundred miles from borne and kindred , turn away to seek a resting place for the night under the hedges , or in the fields adjoi&ing the Liverpool Road , to which place he aaked to be d . rected , when 1 met him in King-street , Holborn , at about half past nine on Saturday night last . My heart almost burst with indignation when he recounted to me this harsh and damnable treatment experienced by an Englishman in his own metropolis , the wealthiest city in the world . My first impulse was to utter another silent but deep curse on the blood-hound force and . the " oppressor ' s wrong , the proud man ' s contumely ; " and the second , to take the poor fellow
by the band and procure him relief and a night ' s lodging . The first I obtained for him among some journeymen bookbinders , at the Plough , Museumstreet , Bloomsbury ; and the second at my own home , on the way to which , I experienced the pleasure of doing good from hearing him declare in his own homely and touching manner , his eyes floating in tears of grat . tude , how he believed the God in whom he always put his trust , had thrown me , providentially , in his way , to save him from further misery , perhaps death , afttr a good night ' s rest , he arose and refreshed himself to recommence his journey ; and , after writing a letter home for him , I went and saw him on the right for borne ; -when parting , be pressed my band With a fervour Of grateful recollection for the blessing conferred by a good Samaritan .
Charles Dent , No . 1 , Spencer-place , King ' s Cross , London .
Untitled Article
TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR .. Sir , —As I consider it to be the duty of every man to expose robbery and fraud wherever it may be found , I think U my duty at this time to lay before you a case which cas lately transpired in the post office department , in order that those who may be situated as I have been , may avoid the loss which I have been compelled to sustain , although we are taught to believe that we live in a country were life and property are more secure than in aay other country , and where the law is equally administered to the rich and to the poor : and likewise I remember Borne time since ' of a Noble Lord stating in a speech , that he was proud that he had been- born in a country were neither money nor , painB Was ever spared in bringing offenders to justice . But , '" j think that every reader of this letter will think with me , that neither much money nor time can be ia this matter .
And I now come to the facts of the case , which I shall lay before you in as brief a manner as possible : — On the 22 nd of March last , I was working at York , and for some weeks previous , and my family was at Sheffield , and on the 22 nd March , I sent to my wife at Sheffield a sovereign , by . theway of the post ; the sovereign I inclosed in a slip of paper , which I sealed and made sufficiently Becure , and "which slip of piper I again attached with a seal to the inside of the letter which I sent This letter I carried to the Post-office at York , a person took it at me , and -weighed it , ' and charged me twopence for its carriage . When the letter was delivered to the person directed for , there was no money in ; and , although the deliverer of the letter was aware that there was no money in the letter , he did not stay to see the letter opened ( and I hope that all
will bear in mind that I do not impute the slightest guilt to the deliverer ); and I being made acquainted wlUi the subject , I wrote immediately to the Secretary of the General Post-office , and on the 27 th , I received a letter from the Secretary , requesting me to send him the letter which the money had escaped from . I did so , and receiving no answer , I wrote again about a fortnight after , and still receiving no answer , I then wrote to the Postmaster-General , and on the 10 th of May I received a polite note from the Secretary , stating that all hia inquiries after the money had been without success , and , as 1 have had no answer whatever from the Postmaster , I suppose I shall be compelled to sit down with the loss , although there appears to be no doubt on the mind of the Secretary as to the money being taken out of the letter .
?> ow , I should think that tho « who have the management of letters between York and Sheffield might soon ascertain who robbed this letter , it having to come only so short a distance ; but at any rate , I think , it would be mr more than just for me to be recompensed for the loss sustained , knowing that employers generally itfe answerable for the conduct of their servants in such cases ; and I think that toe employers and proprietors
Untitled Article
of the Post-office establishment can have no just claim for exemption when we consider that they have so recently prosecuted and punished Mr . O'Connor for the offence of his servants . With these remarks I will conclude . A . R . Pindeh . Smith ' s Square , Rocklngham-street , Sheffield , June 3 , 1840 . ...
Untitled Article
TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STiK . SIR , —We herewith transmit £ 1 12 s ., towards supporting the families of our incarcerated Chartist mends ; and if there is not some such arrangement we would respectfully suggest that one or more treasurers be appointed , and furnished with accurate lists of the number and condition of the different families , so that all might know whence to send their contributions : and also that a prompt and impartial distribution could be made , according to the amount of funds , and necessity of the parties . Your insertion ef this will greatly oblige the Chartist 3 and friends of the oppressed , of Auciimull near Aberdeen . June 24 th , 1840 . ^»
BRICKS AND MORTAR FOR EVER ! TO THE BDITOB OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sm , —i auger that we Bhall , ere long , have as many plans propounded for the cure of our national maladies as there are § tars in the firmament . We are now fast approximating the climax of political scheming , or rather , I may say , we have attained it-since the shoyhoys of Leeds have exhibited the culminating point to our . hitherto , imperfect vision . Yes , Sir , the sunshine politicians—the summer soldiers , are again in the field ; they have polished their armour—their puissant soukpant for the conflict with the fell moru-ter who hath brought death into the state , and all our woe ; they are determined to win an imnurcessible cvown of glory and a fame which shall spread from east to west and from pole to pole .
Shall we not make the welkin ring with hosannas to the knights of the Yellow humbug , seeing that they are instanler going toachievo a decisive and lasting victory over the enemies of our weal . Men of Leeds , see ye not their banner floating in the breeze—behold ye not the columns of Invuluerablos who have entered the lists . —hoar ye not the soulelating words HOttriEHOLD : . . Suffrage , and the lieart-cheermg song of TRIENNIAL ! ! [ Parliaments Here is tho panacea for all the ills to -which the human race are heir ! Here is the specific which supersedes the necessity of having recourse to that anti-aristocratic , anti-pauperocratic , aud antl-shopocratic dose vulgarly called Universal Suffrage .
Surely the working men of Leeds will awake , arise , and be no longer fatten . The sapient shopocrats know all our wants and woes ; they have inscribed them on our walls , accompanied with deep , deep , sympathy and profound patriotism . Come forth , then , in your thousands and tens of thousands , ye men of the loom the anvil , the thimble , and the last If you domicilo in a cellar , shout for HOUSEHOLD Suffrage—if you pine in a garret , come down from your eminence , and " co-operate" with your cliampions in the noble brick
aud mortar struggle . If you are lodgers , don't believe the heresies propagated by tho Chartists-repudiate the doctrine of " man ' s equality , " and though you aro producers of wealth , do not Indulge in the idea that you are as noble as the householders , or the superlatively noble shopocrats and profitmongers . If you think you are men , while living ( or starving ) in garrets and cellars , pray banish the idea , for the long list of worthies who have stuck their names on the walls must , as a matter of course , know what you are , better than you do yourselves .
It is true , the Radicals tell you that you are men , and that men being of one common nature , are all entitled to an equality of rights ; and Paine , the Republican ' s noble of nature , declared that whatever was his right , as a man , was also tke right of another ; but , you know , he was an ' Infidel , " and , therefore ' , his tenets must not betaken as orthodox , at least , not just now ; it would not be convenient , at present , but more convenient , at this eventful period , to think you are of the same species as Mr . Mercury politely terms the disciples of Owen , viz ., "Beasts . " Be no longer men—do not think of your rights , but come , join the glorious phalanx of political shopocrats , and lick the yellow humbug to the end of your days . William Rider . Leeds , July 1 , 1840 .
Untitled Article
Oa Monday evening , the 22 nd iruitant , a most interesting meeting took place in this town , to commemorate the purchase of the Democratic Chapel by the members of the Working Men ' s Association . About eighty persons ( male and female ) sat down to an excellent dinner which had been entirely prepared by tho members themselves , upon their own premises . Mr . Rawlings said grace , and after u most sumptuous repast the cloth was removed , when Mr . John Moore , treasurer of the association , was called to the chair .
The Chaikman said—Brothers aud Sisters , we are met up < 6 n a most important occasion to celebrate tho purchase , of a pluco of meeting , an event never before known in the history of Chartism . ( Cheers . ) In this work Ihave been one of tlie chief agents , and will therefore detail the proceedings in connection with the purchase of the building . They had met with great difficulties ; their first place of meeting -was in the barracks , from which they had been removed by the efforts of their enemies , under Whig andTeryinflmnce ; they were also warned to quit their present place , ' but by united efforts they had been victorious . At the time of the riots In Wales their rooms were broken into by policemen , and searched for arms ; they found nothing but a banner , and such was their chagrin at
the disappointment they had met with , that they pierced the banner in sundry places with their cutlasses . ( Laughter . ) The landlord , under influences which ho himself confessed , tried to put them out of possession of the premises , which he said he intended to sell . They met him upon this point by offering to purchase them , which they had ultimately done at the cost of £ 250 . In endeavouring to raise that sum they had made an appeal to the middle classes , from whom they received but little aid . Only one individual , whose name he trusted would ever be held in homage by them , lending them aid . He had generously made a loan of £ 50 without interest or security . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Rawlincs
had also contributed largely to their purpose . In addition to the cost of the premises , there were expesnes attending the transfer of the property which amounted to nearly £ 20 , besides which they had made repairs to a great extent , and competent judges had lately declared the property worth £ 4 uO . ( Cheers . ) The Tories had offered the original landlord £ 50 more for the premises , but the Chartists had anticipated them , to their surprise , and affected tho purchase . ( Cheers . ) They had ultimately succeeded in procuring a temple of theli own , and he hoped they would also succeed in keeping it , and that they would be in possession of their rights . ( Loud cheers . ) The Chairman then called upon Mr , Hawkins .
Mr . Hawkins said he was very glad to meet the friends present under such happy circumstances . He trusted that the time was soon coming , when , not merely once in seven years working men might set down to the festive board , but that they might meet often , and enjoy peace and plenty in their homes among their families . He trusted due attention would be paid to the rising generation , as regarded their education , in the great principles of truth and justice , that they might become a terror to evil doers . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Bolwell , of Bath , was received with cheers . He said he-never before met there on such an interesting occasion ; and , therefore , be rose with feelings of
pure delight He then adverted to the difficulties which the Chairman had shown to have been encountered , and said how glorious was the reflection that a few Chartists in the small town of Trowbridge had accomplished so great an object But they had yet many pressing duties to perform , the political prisoners called especially for their aid , and as citizens , as parents , a duty was due from tfaenfto posterity—for the Chitter was to benefit mankind , audit was their duty to carry on the good wort . For the kind invitation they had given him to the present meeting , he felt deeply grateful , and rejoiced to think of their zeal in the good cause . ( Cheers . ) Mr . J . Moore recited some appropriate lines .
Mr . J . Moore repeated some lines on " Newport " The Chairman gave a toast— " MayTrost , Williams and Jones , and every true patriot , bs returned to the bosom of their families . ( Drunk with loud cheers . ) Mr . Bolwell—a comic song , — " The King and the Countryman . " Mr . Phelp , of , Bath , congratulated the working men of Trowbridge on the rapid progress they had made in the good cause , their zeal Was unrivalled . He spake of the Almighty , " whose tender mercies are over allhisworks , "but whose designs had been perverted by wicked men . He remarked there were those who insisted there ever must be rich and poor . However that might be , he knew it was not designed that human beings whom God had created , should starve in the miAtof plenty . The yellow harvest an * the luxuriant OTchMfl spoke'of the goodness of Gtod , and proved that his bounties "Were Sufficient for all the beings of his creation . Mr .-P ., after some other" remarks , concluded amidst loud cheer * .
Mr . BenjawiK Mahtin repeated some lines addressed to Mr : Henry Vincent . ' ' ' ' ' - ' ' ¦" Mr John 'Harding . —a song , "The DemocratbbW . " Mr . Haswbll sung , "The pretty Moth , " with musical taste . i ; ' Mr . J . KNOWLE 8—Lines addressed to Lovet * v Mr . Haslem—a Recitation , " Napoleon ' s Dream . " Mr . Puklp—a song , " The Jolly O ' . d Radical ? ' ¦¦> < ' Mr . Bolwbll—a song , " Away with Melancholy . " ' Afterlcheers for the various Chartist martyrs , and the Chairman , the latter returned thanks , and the meeting broke up , highly delighted with their entertainment . The greatest order prevailed throughout—Southern Star .
Untitled Article
Mr . Charles PenfolDjj ironmonger , of Aruudel , actually forwarded to the west of England , a few days since , an iron ploughshare , through the Postoffice , which cost le : B Ibv postage by one-half than if it had been sen ; by carriage . —Essex Herald .
Untitled Article
The following lines were written by Mr . O'Connor , while in the Queen's Bench , to be sung by the procession which shall escort Lovett and Collins from Warwick . They have been forwarded to us by a friend , who complains of not haying already seen them in the Star . He Bays that he Bent a copy of them to us on the 1 st of May . We can only assure him that his letter of that date never came to our hands ; indeed we suspect that much of our correspondence is stopped , and that a good deal of it undergoes inspection before it is permitted to reach its destination . We advise all our friends to use seals which cannot be easily imitated , and to describe the seal in the interior of their letters .
From East to West , from North to South , Let us proclaim the Charter . We'll send all tyrants right about , Who dare oppose the Charter . Oh , the Charter , the People ' s glorious Charter That Right Divine . Round hearts we'll twine , Old England ' s native Charter . Come , come , my lads , we can't stand still , And sleep upon the Charter ; The drones alone now have their fill , Because they have their Charter . Oh , the Charter , &o . In England ' s name , her own King John , One * tried to sell her Charter ; But England ' s sons , now dead and gone , All rose for England ' s Charter .
Oh , the Charter , && Let England , Scotland , Erin too , Join hearts to gain the Charter , The laws are made but for the few , Our rights are in the Charter . Oh , the Charter , dtc . By moral force , we'll strive to gain The five points of the Charter , And if iu battle-field we ' re slain , Our s » ns will have the Charter . Oh , the Charter , < kc . Will Lovett , Collins , and the rest , Who suffer'd lor the Charter , In old St Stephtn ' s shall be plac'd To rule us by the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c
Jl'Douall , Vincent , and Bronterre , Three champions of the Charter , For Normanby naed nothing care , For they shall have the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c . O'Connor is our chossn chief , He ' s champion of the Charter ; Our Saviour suffer'd like a thief , Because he preach'd the Charter . Oh , the Charter , && What ' s in the whole Bill but our right , It is a glorious Charter ; And one for which brave men did fight , 'Tis but the Baron ' s Charter . Oh , the Charter , &&
Tis meat and drink , and clothes to all , For rich and poor , tho Charter : By it we'll stand , or with it fall , The Universal Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c Bad luck to Whigs and Tories too , They both do hato the Chatter -. Bad luck to Orange and the Blue , They aro King William ' s Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c On banks of Boyna King William won , The Irish had no Charter : They'd kill them every mother ' s son , They'd fought but for the Charter . Oh , the Charter . &o .
If Ireland chose to have a creed , Proclaiin'd by Roman Charter , What right had Holland ' s bastard breed To Church of England Charter 1 Oh , the Charter , && Bad luck to Church and State likewise , It ' s not tho Church of Charter : Tfiat never drags men from their wives , When wedded by the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &o > We'll starve no more in this cook shop , For want of England ' s Charter : They ' ve driven us from ale to pop By their Exchequer Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c
The Whigs as well may kick the pricks , As kick against , the Charter : When we begin we'll light like bricks And mortar for the Charter . Oh , fue Charter , &c % Fox Maule and Russell yet will be Arraign'd upon the Charter , And Phipps , now calld Lord Normanby , Will surely get no quarter . Oh , the Charter , &c . Bob Peel and all his bloody crtw Sing out a ^ vnst the Charter ; If they were in they'd hang a few ; They'll never hang the Charter . Oh , tho Charter , &c
There's Philip Henry Muntz , the Mayor Of Birmingham ' s Whig Charter ; But soonweil cut the traitor ' s hair , As be did for the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c They call the nation ' s debt our own , They lie , it ' s not in Charter : They had no right to make a loan Not borrow'd by the Charter . Oh , the Charter , && A nation's debts , a nation ' s cause , When lent upon the Charter : When freemen ' s will mite freemen ' s laws , No bank ia like the Chuitt r . Oh , the Charter , &c
Come fustian coats and bliitjr'd hands , Prepare to gain the Chatter ; Unshorn chins proclaim the banns 'Twixt freedom and the Charter . Ob , the Charter , fcc . Oh ! when we gain our right divine Proclaim'd by England ' s Charter , No longer then shall we like swine Be grunting for the Charter . Oh , the Charter ,. &c . The sons of man must havo their field Protected by the Charter ; : Tne earth will then profusion yield , Made fertile by the Charter . Oh , the Charter . &c .
The gaols are full the Whigs did bribe , To damn the People ' s Charter ; But for their wives we will subscribe , Ia honour of the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c What pleasure can we have in life , For , as there is no Charter , Ah , would we but give o ' er our strife , We soon would have the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &e In rattle boxes and bastiles , We stink for want of Charter ; We'll have pure air , without pastiles , Perfum'd with heaven's Charter . Oh , the Charter , &o
From this day forth we will unite To carry through the Charter ; And , if the tyrant ' s make us fight , We'll die or have the Charter . Oh , the Charter , See . Fill Union's bumper to the brim , And toast the People ' s Charter : The finest sight was ever seen Is union for the Charter . Oh , the Charter , &c . Let hands of freedom now go round The standard of the Charter , And drink success to man ' s own ground , His title's in the Charter . ' , Oh , the Charter , &c
For Suffrage , Ballot , and our right , And all thingBin the Charter , Three hearty cheers and then good night : By Jove we'll have the Charter . Oh , the Charter . &&
Untitled Article
Eating . —Every animal eata as much at it can Erocur e , and as much as it cau hold . A cow eats ut to sleep , and sleeps but to eat ; And , not content with eating all daylong , "twice it slays the slain , " and eats its dinner o ' er again . A whale swallows 10 , 000 , 000 of living shrimps at a draught ;• a nursing oftnary-bird eata its own bulk in a day , and a caterpillar eats 500 times its own weight before it lies down to ri&e a butterfly . The mite and the maggot eat the very world in which they lire—they nestle and build in their roast beef ; and the hyaena , for want of better , eata himself . Yet a maggot has not the gout , and the whale is not subject to soiatica . Nor docs Capt . Lyou inform us that an Esquimaux is troubled with the tooth-ache , dyspepsia , or hysterics , though he eats ten pounds of seal and drinks a gallon of oil at a meal , and though his meal Ia 3 ts as long as his meat .
Untitled Article
j Tebatmesx of Childiuw . —Severity towards obildreniB cruel , unjust , and most injndicious . When physical correction is necessary , it Bhonld always be inflicted with regret and gentleness , and never with a displayof anger . I have never need it , or allowed it to be used with niy own children ; nor has'it been necessary , according to human phvsiology , or the history of nature . It is very erroneous to suppose that a Child , either boy or girl , at bonw or at school , can think like its parents masters , and governesses . for they want sufficient observation and experience ! It is now considered a great improvement that there is no corporal punishment in modern infant schools * but-moral influence alona is exerted to correct infantile faults and deviation from adult advice which is often
very objectionable and erroneous . A feeling of jealousy ought never to be allowed to exist between children ; there should be no marked preference . All children are equally dear to nioral parents . Literary education ought not to bo commenced until the ago of six or seven years ; but the nature and U 6 es of external objects should be always correctly explained to them . Much knowledge may be communicated by the representations of pictures , or figures of birds , beasts , fishes , insects herbs , trees , fruits , and mechanical inventions , by means of toys , prints , books , &c It has been long observed by physicians that children who are prodigies iu learning , music , and other pursuits , are generally destroyed by primitive disease of the brain , a * water in the head , and many other complaints . —Dv , Ryan on Midwifery .
A Storm in the Nobth . —Dark clouds now rose from the west , and . the * whole atmosphere became filled with a damp vapour . A strong breeze suddenly sprung up from the west , and increased in less than half an hour to a storm . Every moment huge masses of ice around vis were dashed against each other , and broken into a thousand fragments . Out little party remained fast on our ice island , which was tossed too and fro by the waves ; we gazed in most paiuful inactivity on the wild conflict of the elements , expecting every moment to be swallowed up . We'had been three long hours in this portion , and still tho mass of ice beneath us held together , when suddenly it was caught by the storm , and hurled against a large field of ice ; tho crash waa
terrific , and the mass beneath us was shattered into fragments . At that dreadful moment , when escape seemed impossible , the impulse of eelfpresefvation implanted in every living being , Eaved us . Instinctively we all sprang at once on the sledges , and urged the dogs to their full Bpeed , they flew across the yielding fragments to the field on which we had beea stranded , and safely reached a part of it of firmer character , on which were several hammocks , and where the dogs immediately ceased running , con * scious , apparently , that the danger was passed . We were-saved ; we joyfully embraced each other , and united in thanks to God for our preservation , from such imminent peril . —Narrative of a Voyage to th « Polar Sea .
New Russia . —Every part of New Russia , gives evidence of the solicitude of the Government about the-comfort and prosperity of tho colonies uf all nations and persuasions which stud its surface . Armenians , Greeks , and Germans , by tens of thousands , driven out of Persia and Turkey by misrule , and out of Germany by want , have made' New Russia their home , and eujoy privileges above native born settlers . I visited some of the German villages in the steppe , and found in them greae comfort , denoting a state of progressive prosperity . The Germans are very valuable settlers , on account of their , steady habits and agricultural skill . I was
both surprised and pleased with their intelligence and well-directed industry . Tho Protestant German villages in the steppe are far superior to any of the others ; which 1 would not say , were it not an universally admitted fact . Why or wherefore they aro so , I will not pretend to decide . Perhaps the absence of fetes and fast-days gives the Protestants in Russia an advantage in business and agriculture over their Catholic and Greek brethren . Time is most valuable in a new country . The immigration into Russia may be cued as one of the most favourable points of view in which the Government can be regarded , —Slade .
Du Val , the Highwayman . —This hero having arrested the carriage of a certain knight and hS lady , who he knew were travelling with £ 400 in their possession , the lady , to show she felt no apprehension , began to play a tune with her flageolet . Du Val very decorously waited until she had finished , and then , being himself an excellent musician , took a flageolet which hung by his side , and played a tune in return ; and afterwards stepped up to the carriage , and invited the lady to dance a coranto with him . So reasonable a request could not be refused ; she descended , performed the dance , Du Val singing the tune , and was handed back by her partner to the carriage . He then reminded the knight that he had forgot to pay for the musio ; whereupon the courteous knight presented him with £ 100 , which onr horo politely accepted , telling him he would let him off with the other £ 300 he had with him .
Impudence of Elltston . —Mr . Elliston had advertised for his benefit in that town , ( Worcester , ) an extraordinary display of fireworks , comets with tails , aud fixed stars without them , lions ravenous , and boa-constrictors gorged : squibs , crackers , wheels , and wnirligigs , were to be seen in all the glory of the pyroteohnical art . Whether he . had ever seriously contemplated their introductionwhether there was ony difficulty in procuring them —or whether having assured himself , by their announcement , of a crowded auditory—this deponent sayethnot , but certes they never "made their appearance on that stage . " Mr . Elliston persuaded his landlord , a man much respected in Worcester , to issue his fiat against any such exhibition , as calculated to vitiate his insurance , and to endanger the lives i ){ the King ' s subjects . The good easy man ,, falling into the trap , went to the theatre with a party , chiefly to hear the manager ' s explanation ; when , to his horror and astonishmentElliston
, placed the entire onus on his shoulder ^ , and called on him by nome to verify his . assertion , from the box he was sitting in ; at . the same time lauding , him highly for his promptitude and precaution . He wound up his address in a tone of peculiar conciliation and bombast , which no other mortal , could adopt , with , " But , " ( as if , at least , he was gping to give them all their money back again , ) " But r ladie ? , and gentlemen , I am happy to say I have given directions to make up for any disappointment you may have experienced . Band ! " ( looking down and pointing his finger with an assumption or great authority to three wretched fiddlers in the orchestra , ) "Band , play « p 'Gtd save the King 'directly . "—Burin ' s " Stage . " *
Malibiun and the Pint of Porter . —It may be an ^ acceptable diversion from the painful details which we shall have to enter upon , to record a humorous incident which led to the thrilling , the 0 } ore than brilliant , the not-to-be-for&otten execution , by Madame Malibran , of the finale to this opera vTh » Maid of Artois . ) I had occasion , during its last rehearsal but one , to express myself in strong terms at her leaving the stage for more than an hour and a halfj to go and gain £ 25 at a morning concert Neither the concentrated pieces of music , nor the situation of the drama in which she was involved , could possibly be proceeded with ; and thegteat stake we were then contending for was likelv to ba
placed in jeopardy by an unworthy grasp of ' aiew pounds ; to the prejudice of a theatre paying ' her nightly five times as much . She'knew she had done wrong ; and she atoned for it b y her genius , while her pride would not have permitted her to do ' . bo . She had borne along the two first acts on the first nights' of performance in Buch a flood Of triumph , that she was bent , by some almost superhuman effort , to continue its glory to the final , fall of ihe curtain . I went into her dressing-room previous to the commencement of the third act , to ask Kow she felt ; and she replied , "Very ^ tired , but , " ( and here her eye of fire suddenly lighted lip , ) ** yori angry i juu vuuiaivo oir uiv ai ut oi
»»'" " nm "w * y porter in the d « sert scene , you shall navo an encore to ypur finale . " Had I been dealing with any other performer , I should perhaps have hesitated in complying with . a request that might have been dangerous in its application at the moment ; but to check far powers \ ras to annihilate them ' . I therefore jut- ) ranged that behind the pile of drifted sand on whicfoi she fajfp in a state of exhaustion , towards the close of the second scene , a small aperture should be made in the stage : and it is a fact , ' that from underneath the ^ tage , through that aperture , a pewter pint of
porter was conveyed to the parched tips of this rat © child of song ; which so revived her after the terrible exertion the scene led to , that she electrified the audience , and had fltrcagth-to repeat the charm , with the finale to The Maid of Arttis . The novelty of the , circumstance so tickled her fancy , and the draught itself was so extremely refreshing , that it was arranged during tho . subsequent run of the opera , for the Negro slave at fh < 3 head of the Governor ' s procession to have in the gourd suspended to his neck the same quantity of the same beverage , to b « applied to her lips on his first beholding the apparently dying Isoline .-KBu / m '« " Stdge . "
Thb Tea-Plaht in Bbazu ,. —The tea-planl Wai imported from China into the Brazils about twenty years ago , and is cultivated very extensively in sops parts , particularly near St . Paul , about eighty leagues from the capital . Oap proprietor possesset 60 , 000 feet of tea-plants , Borne of which ard s | i ' or eight years old . The tea is commonly gatheredtin October , November , December ; January , '' ; and February ; - * good workman can : ¦ collect nearly sixteen pounds a day . The leaf is afterwards dressed and died . The youngest IeaTea form & » ' imperial tea , " while the less tender constitute too "hyBon , " ana othe > Taiietiea . ' ' 1 ^ 0 Oivfeeti : df ^» , plantshave been recently ^ la > ced ; m ^ W fturdiir ^ ea PlantosatParis , tod Mr . Guiltemto , who imported them , is of opinion that certain parts of France , from their analogy to the Brazils in climate and soil , are well fitted for the cuUiTatioa of the plant .
Festival At Trowbridge, Wilts, To Commemorate The Purchase By The Chartists Of The Democratic Chapel.
FESTIVAL AT TROWBRIDGE , WILTS , TO COMMEMORATE THE PURCHASE BY THE CHARTISTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC CHAPEL .
Ipottvd
ipottvD
I.Tterarg @Xtvatt&
i . tterarg @xtvatt&
Untitled Article
TH * l VQ RTHBRN STAR , V 1 ¦ ¦ ' ¦ '' " , ' "
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), July 4, 1840, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2691/page/7/
-