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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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TEIAL OP MESSRS . WILLIAMS AtfD BIMS . DURHAM ASSIZES . —Wkdxksd AT , Jvlt 20 , 1810 CASE OF SEDITION . HE QUBEH 1 GAI 5 ST JAMES WILLIAMS AXD
GEORGE BIK 3 S . After the eases remaining on the calendar were disposed of , the Court proceeded to take this important ease of sedition , -which lasted from half-past two o ' clock en Wednesday afternoon , until half-past three o ' clock an Thursday morning . This case excited great interest , acd the Court -was crowded the whole time . We wish to make oar friends well acquainted with the real mature of the case , both because they will be anxious to know the actual reasons for which their two . friends have been convicted , and to let them know what in the pinion of a middle-class Jury and Court-of-law-coniuctoiB , is considered a seditious meeting in these liberal 4 ays of Whig reform . After seTer&l el-alienees , the following Jury was HWorn : ——
Joseph Cowan , of "Blaydon Burn , Foreman . John George Calbralth , Houghton-le-Spring . John Cnrrie , Houghton-le-Spring . Joseph IfcTy , Gateshead . Robert DaTison , Framwsllg&te : William Garry , Woet Auckland . William Jackson , HartlepooL Cuthbert Blackett , Fraaiwellgate . John Henderson , Ryton Woodside . Michael Pigg , Darlington . ¦ Mark Luuisdon , Monkwearmsnth Shore . George D » vison , South Shields . Counsel for the prosecution , Mr . Wightxan , Q . c ., Mr- X > ' < ywLFS , and Mr . Lotherisgton . > ir . Lother ' . xgtos opened the case for the Crown , stating thai this was an indictment preferred against James Williams and George Binns , Tor causing , on Monday , the 15 th of July , at Suaderland , a disturbance < jt the public peace .
Mr . Wight man said , the misdemeanMita were charged with having caused to assemble on " the Town Moor ef Sunderland , a tnmultnons concourse of people to the snount of two or three thousand individuals , to the great terror of the -w ^ j-disposed , and the detriment of the public peace . The jury were aware of the agitation whici had pervaded the country by assemblies of persons calling them Chartists , at which language of an inflammatory nature had been employed , which had led to the most lamentable consequences at' Newport and elsc ^ rhere . And had it not bet-n fur the assertion of the po-wer of the strvng arm . of the law , no rusenable doubt could be entertained , that in other places the same sort of agitAtion must hare led to a repititiou of the same israentable results . For theee occurrences , ttioae
pezs-- > Es bad most to 3 ns ^ r er had , by their violent language , instigated others to acts of atrocity . Hi abouid produce numerous witnesses , -who would prove beyond doubt , that Williams . tad Binns , wbo were boukselkrs and stationers in Bishcpwearmouth , had used endeavours such aa he had described , unquestionably calculated to excite their followers to ; aeta of violence . He shoKlA be able to show that at a number of assemblies previous to tlie one particularly specified , but of the same description , the defendants had used Iangnag-e of the most alarming and exciting description . Ee ¦ sroald not detail these various acts at length , but would prove them by evi ' ence which he believed would leave no doubt on the niiul of the Jury , and leave it to Mieni to determine tiie question whether the charge was
¦ efficiently made out . It was sufficient at present to prove some of the expressions used , which could leave no doubt of the intention of the speakers and its probable results . Amongst other expressions of an inflammatory nature , there occurred the fnliowing , which were beyond question eaJcclatel to excite an audience to violence . He spoke of the people u £ being— " nearly ready for the wild outbreak of sanguinary revolution , "—and—" -we will try i : some day . "— " Universal Suffrage shall be the law of the land . It is the right of the people ; and ts obtain it , we will wage an eternal wax of hostility against our Kji » uinary tyrants . We wili obtain it ; peacv - ; b : y if vc can , but forcibly if we must" What doubt cou ; ii there be on the mind of any ttihti , that scch exy-ic-ss'iurs were calculated to produce the most
¦ -nappy sn- > g > -n > utnects on a ^ euiblagts com- postu of inflammable materials ? And thfse were but & few of many expressions which would be proved by many unexceptionable witnesses . The jury would hear that , af ler the meeting , the mob paraded the streets with banners , in a manner calculated to excite the plann of the inhabitants , who , from the evaduet of thvae misguided men on this occasion , had ; reason to apprehend an immediate outbreak . And there was little doubt the result would have been the same as on other occasions , and that this county j woula soon fcaTe been plated in the same unfortunate > situation as others they had read of , had these men been ! permitted to proceed unchecked in tTw course they had I tn . 'iTkyd out foi themselves , fin Would detain the jury i no longer with his itatements , but proceed at once to \ sail his witnesses .
The Judge inquired who were Counsel for the de- fondants , and was informed that they defended themselves . While his Lordship was asking which were the accused , Mr . Williams arrived in . court , where his > partner had been frcm the commencement of the case . ; Kis Lordship then directed tiiat they should be ac-• cmn : odat « l witk- seats at the Counsellors' table . When the first witness was called , Mr . Williams ; applied that the wimessee for the prosecution should Itay-i the court . A similar application was also made as to the witnesses for the defence , and agreed to . >
Henry Freneh Btheriagton was sworn , aa < i deposed ! thit he went to the meeting on the " -15 th of July last ! year , in his capacity of reporter to the Siwideruwd and Dxrhcuii County Herald ; went at eight o ' clock in the evening ; had seen the assembly of the people in the town before going , but cannot speak positively as to when they assembled ; be followed the crowd in the street to the Town Moor ; there tsm a procession and iLUtic ; thare was a great number of the people of Sun- i l derland—thov ^ d think about 3 , 000 a : least ; as they t 'proceeded to the moor , there was shouting at several j places , and he observed it especially at the Stationhouse ; it was in the way of disapprobation ; when they got to the place of meeting on the moor , there was ! a cart , which was used as a platform : there was a !
chainaan appointed , whose name was Gainsby , but i there- was no chair ; the chairman stood in the ' cart ; saw Binns and Williams at that time ; could not S 3 j ¦ ' for certain which of the two came before the other , but : one of them was there first , and the other came in the ' course of the evening ; did not know how soon it was : after the meeting began that the first of the two ' trrivc-d , but it was aft * r the nu-eting commenced ; ' 4 be o'hji'ct of the meeting -sras opened by the ct-air- I a ^ an , who stated that they had now mel to assert their indignation at the rejection of their petition by the House of Commons , to demand reJrtss for their ! rights , and to declare to the country that they were . determined to stand oppression no longer . After [ that , the defendant Binns tddressed "the meeting ; he \
was in the cart ; took notes of the meeting . Here the witness read from his short-hand note book the : whole of Sfr . Einns ' s speech ; but as those passigbs , ! both of it and Mr . Wiliiams ' s , upon which the c ; ar ^ e ' is mainly founded , are quot-. ^ d in the evidence , we deem it unnecessary to occupy so much of our spsce by giving ¦ them at full lecgth . After this was read , witne&T . j en beiEg furtLer examined , proceeded to state that > it the end of iJinns ^ s spo ^ h ihere were rtsoiuti u = : moved , of which he took a few notes . He took down merely the substance of them , as he expected to g ?\ < copies of them in writing ; what he took iovrn of the first resolution , which " « aa moved by Mr . Blniis , tras as follows iread from the notes ) : — - 'Th ± t vre , the Chartists of SuMtrland , do hen-by rbSolve to decL-j-e , tLat we
• eek to gain the Peopk- ' s Charter by L-g-. il and c < j :. stitu-: tional means , and in ^ gnactly repudiate , as a foui ] calumny , that we have violent intentions i bu ; that , i having s ^ cn a disposition tj late up tLc base acts of Cabtltreagh , and corrupt the pw .-ple , we btlie-T ^ it is a , sacred duty , enjoined upeu er ~ Ty man , to he piepared for the worst . " Tlie first thiee rt-aoiu ' . iuna -Were nioveti by ilr . Ehio * ; the secon-l wa = ^ s follows : — " TLat -we ' hereby exyresa our r « adipct ^ to : vj > ist the proper autiio- \ rititaa preserve tht peace , ac . eapcci-illy tl e cutietitu- j tior . al r i ^ htB of the people to uieet for the uiitussioa of i their grievtnotJ ; and considering thit tfcy uu ^ lit an . i ' power 13 vested in the 1 x ^ jus ^ . stratea , if tiiey agree | with illegal force to attack tiif i « . ple , w ? declare thit ! we will uphold the n ^ . jrsty of the iaw , by making j
those magi » tr 5 te 8 resTMjnr-. bJc f . ^ r life cjiJ r rope-rty . " The ' third resolution ran thns : — " Xi ^ ' . t . ^^ rueetiug se- ! rion ?] y urge upon &U friends of peare and ordtj the '¦ necessity of errolling themselves meinbcra of the Char- '¦ list Association , in order that true iuen may be known , ' the- power of the people ascertained , and that your ! exertions may be secured . " These are not perfect copies of the resolutions ; they are merely the subitanee , takes in short-hand ; ihe speech and the resolutions were afterwards published in the newspaper ; the speech was published from the notes he-took at the meeting ; always dressed a speech up , unless he had
orders to the contrary ; Le was in the cart at the time he took this speech . Witnessed- then read Nr . Wflliams's 8 pe--etifron » his note , book ; and then stated ! that tha meeting broke up after "iVilliama spoke ; he ! tpoke last , bat there was a rote of thanks moved to the chairman ; the meeting broke up about half-past nine -. they then went in procession ; -witness went up Hish-btreet with them as far as the Herald office ; Mr . Hardcastle was the i _ -dltor of tbe Herald ; be . ieved be read witaeTs ' B notes of tie mewing ; the report of the meeting wn » ch appeared " in the Hsrald was furnished by trim ; it contained the substance of what was said .
Groes-examined by Mr . Bi . nhs—The notc-bock ccn-Uroed a ¦ word-for-word report Would sv »\ ar to the marks that stand for the words ; believed he m < ule a mark for tTery word Binna uttered ; now ard then , as asprakerammged his sentences , tbe conmcting partelee , Tifc , the oft , few , ihet , ic ,,. xni ^ rt be left ou t , and supplied iB tranfleribing . la fcii syEtem of short-band be had otae mack * tbai stood tos two Words of sepan . tfe mwmfagt ; but the connection of the sentence alwrys . nade tbe « en * e apparent The irords object « ad obnrre were represented by one character , but the ecnUKt « hrays « b # wed which was meant ; the same mark tfaafc Mood for wrong did not stand for right ; the report iafte SaraW was by him alone ; the apparent « b ? la Q » exprestloa " damatd % tedrea for their
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wrongs" instead of " righta" might arise out of an inadvertency in tiie speaker ; could only go by his notes ; the report in the Herald is not correct in that word ; the words "honest" and "meanest" are not represented by the same mark ; the expression , " meanest beggar " instead of " honest beggar , " as well as the " cheers , " when it does not appear in tlie notes , might be errors ot the press ; cannot call to mind whether he ever said there was a wide difference between the report in the Herald and the note book ; in the pas * sage in Binns ' s speech , " if they have power to keep down that feeling—a nation ' s patriot feeling—they will use i t , and never abuse the cause they have in hand , " the words "that feeling , " were omitted in the note-book ; but witness thought that the insertion of them might
strengthen the sentence ; a reporter required close application in order to give a correct report ; it requires a clear head and the least possible interruption ; he had to take the report of that meeting in a cramptd position ; it was a two-wheeled cart , and he had nothing to sit upon but the edge of it ; supposing no one had been in the cart but himself , it would have been an awkward situation . There were about half a dozen people in the cart , including Binns and Williams ; was annoyed by the people in the cart two or three times ; the place of meeting was in the most populous part of the town ; remembered children on the outskirts of the meeting making a noise . There is a railway across the moor , but did not recollect ¦ whether trains were running that night or not . These
circnmstances would make mistakes in the report probably ; a reporter is liable to mistakes in the best situations . Had not complained more of the pressure of the crowd at that meeting than at others generally ; would merely swear that the uotes aean certain words ; took them dawn as correctly as possible ; would swear that the words in the note-book are those spoken by Mr . BiDns , taken to the best « f his ability ; did not think Mr . Binns a difficult speaker to report until he got to a certain pitch , and then be was quick j could not call to mind whether Mr . Binns got to that pitch on the occasion in question or not : Oid not recollect Mr . Gamsby asking for a piece of paper , but had some recollection of giving him a piece of paper . Could not recollect whether he sharpened his pencil during Mr .
Binns ' s speech ; did rot consider he had tl » o btst of memories , but trusted more to nis notes , npon whicn he Nliftci generally for the correctness of his reports ; his system had a sign for every word that is used . Slow regular speakers afforded the best facilities for correct rt . porting ; but a very many speakers , though l ixceedingly slow , were so very obscure that a re-1 porter hardly knew what he was doing , in which . case a quick , though intelligible speaker was preferable , j Figurative speakers required a readiness of tpprthen-; sion in the reporter ; but some figurative speakers w « r « . so beautiful that they lost themselves . Seldom heard ; a sfcnter . ee uttered but he had heard it before . Coni sirieied Mr . Binns a very fluent speaker , though he had i heard quicker . He was not quicker than Mr . G-amsby ; Mr . Binns generally spoke so as every one could under' stand him ; he was figurative at times ; he made
him-I self understood ; he was a plain , noble , honest , speaker ; , had heard him speak in metaphor ; but in out-door I meetings he spoke some . The last words were sometime lost 5 : i the cheering at the end of the sentences . Could not call to mind ever having thrown down the : book in despair during one of Mr *« BLnna ' s speeches , and j said he could not report it ; did not recollect ever , having said to any one that the speeches of Mr . Binns , , as reported by him , were ineorrect , or that they were j difficult to report ; was in the habit of asking Mr . 1 Hardcastle whether he should report the speeches full I or short ; but did not ask him en that occasion , as Mr . i H . had told him to be very careful . Saw no outrage at ! the meeting ; the procession went through the streets ; peaceably , like other processions , cheering and groanj ing at particular places ; did not see any arms but their ¦ own r ight anus ; thought there weie banners ; -was not aware that the music was connected with the Chartists .
i ; : ; By Mr . Williams—By dressing up a speech , meant ; cutting off repetitions and making the meaning clear , ; where the speaker had obviously made a mistake . Never heightened the feeling of a speaker on his own i account , feut had done po on bcinr applied to by the speaier himself . Generally speaking , the length of . speeches were regulated by an editor of a paper . Rej porUrd a speech at a dinner at Hartlepool , of the Rev . i BrabozoD EUice ; there weie complaints of that speech j not being correctly reported . Believes that 150 copies of the Northern Times were ordt-red , but not taken , because the report waa incorrect , notwithstanding which : the Rev . Brab&zon EUice had employed him on a subsequent occasion . It was better to report when the ¦ accommodation waa good ; his elbow might have been
pushed , and a mark rendered unintelligible . Was in the habit of taking snuff ; might have told Mr . Wiliiams that when he forgot a passage , a pinch of tnuff would put all into his mind . Had reported a spe < ch without taking a single note , by the aid of his memory alcne , but these were not ruch a& be would vouch for ; might have said that scuff refreshed memory . When there waa a " gap" in the report , -wculd not give a snuff for such report . Never wilfully guv-j a faLsn report Sometimes reported Chartist ) ii < . etin 8 in para , graphs ; wrote several paragraphs about tl . e Chartists ; they were generally intended to make the Chartists ridiculous ; does not remember any instances to the contrary . Such paragraphs could hardly be called fair reports . Remembered attending a dinner at Siockton .
¦ ' * * : * , * : ^ I ^ i r at which the editor of the Northern Times was present -, Oid report part of that meeting . Did m > t report the editor ' s speech . The editor was his employer . Believes there was some report of tl . e editor ' * speech sent . Cannot say who reported it . Believes that the only report was , that the editor bad spoken in & " Bombastes Furioso" style-Will not swear that he did not write that Knovrs the Rev . Joseph Barker ; has only or . ee had him " through h's hands ; " means only ouce reported him . that was ia Yorkshire ; had heard him speak in Flag-lane Chapel , Sunderland . That was at a public I discussion between him and Mr . Williams . Did report I his speech that night ; did report another the next i night , delivered in the same place ; has heard him in
l * * 1 i - tue Tabertacle , Sundertand ; has heard him at Stockton ; uas heard him at Darlington ; did take rt-porta all these times ; did not publish the Darlington discussion , because Mr Barker spoke too quick ; does not remember saying that Mr . Binns spoke quicker than Mr . Barker ; he might say so . The accommodation was better when he reported Mr . Barker , than when ho reported Mr . Binns . The editor of the Herald was very obnoxious to the Cbartists ; had no occasion to be frightened at the meeting ; did not think the Mentions of the assembly violent ; did not observe reasonable grounds of alarm to any one else ; it might occasion
' otntr folks to fear , but tkose accustomed to public meetings would not be alarmed ; did not see Mr . Hardcas ' . le take any notes at the meeting ; knew now that Mr . Hardcastle took notes to test the correctness of his , vritnttfs ' ai report ; Mr . Hardcastla has to report in long-Land ; considered the cart , if anything , tetter than the ground to report ; did not ses Mr . Hardcastle in th ? crowd ; the place where the meeting was held is a great thoroughfare ; when the procession shouted , opposite the police station , ¦ was not then alarmed ; r ^ porteii a meeting in the Sundcrkind Beacon , for which there was a vote of thanks to him passed at a Chartist uiettine .
Re-i / xamined by Mr . Wightman —His object in ittending the meeting was to give a faithful report ; he was close to the speakers ; thought he could hear distinctly all that the speakers said ; believes what he took down to be the words of the speakers , except with some verbal and unimportant errors not affecting any principle of the speech : wrote nothing but what he bciieved he heard the speaker say ; has lived two years in Suaderland ; there h : id been a number of Chartist meetings previous to the one in question . TLe examination of tbL > •* itness lasted npwards of three L .. U 1-S , ai . d accisioned a ^ reat dfal of la ughter from hia incessant snuffing , and agratioii .
George Har < lc 3 stle sworn— I am editor of theSund rlahd Henud , and was so in May last year . Mr . Etherington wa * reporter to the paper , and had general tlireciions to attend the Chartist meetings . There had bodi £ cver .. i < . f those meetings in the town , which had tausel ai ' ica incitement and alarm among the inhabitants . 1 saw the proces > ion of the 15 th of May ; it was a numerous body . I was afterwards on the Town Moor among the crowd , and heard the' speakers distinctly . 1 do not ni > 6 short-hand signs , but contractions of long hand . I took notes of particular expressions . 1 saw Mr . Etberington ' s notes , but ef course could not read them . I saw Irs report written out Mr . Binns , in hie speech , uf . ered the- following words— ' So long ought we to be c 3 sr . tiatied and to rebel . 1 conceive that
rebel-I ..-1 may be quite compatible -with the Christian princi-\ . \ . s of the Bible . ' He also spoke of the people as being ' nearly repdy for the wild outbreak of sanguinary revolution . ' In reference to John Taylor , the author of this letter ; produced i , he called him ' our good friend , Dr . Taylor , ' and said , if he had not interfered , the mob ' might have assailed the prisons , and wrapped Birmingham in flames . ' To obtain Universal Suffrage , he s « id , ' we will wuge an eternal war of hostility sgninst our sanguinary tyrants . ' He also uaid , if the Chartists were 'driven to force , there were men amongst them to sit upon the whirlwind and guide the storm ; ' and he afterwards spoke of the Chartists being « driven to the dreadful alternative of force . ' Speaking of the authorities , he said , ' we shall have
some coDtroul over them , when our vengeance Bhall be let loose upon them . ' I remember that resolutions -were passed at the meeting , one of them ended with tlie words ' in life and property . ' Before the meeting , I saw Williams , and remonstrated with him on publishing the ' Address to the Middle Clatsea , " this copy of which I bought of him . 1 told him our reporter would be at the meeting , and , as his veracity had been questioned I should instruct him to be rery accurate . 1 believe the report in the Herald to be substantially correct There was a banner and a band of music in the procession . Great alarm was expressed by many of the inhabitants ia consequence of the Chartists' proceedings . The mob shouted as they passed the police station in Church-street , on their re * turn at duak , about half-past nine in the evening .
CroBB- « xamined by Mr . BinKS—I was in the street as the procession -went down ; perhaps , strictly speaking , it was more of a disorderly mob thin & procession . I saw no arms , and tbe meeting was peaceable . There wj considerable alarm in the town , and I thought I was in some personal peril in attending the meeting . Did not consider the meeting on Whit-Monday so ^ ifir Tm < r » g ) then not being the "u ^ p ttffldfKg circum-
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stances . Reported in the Herald tint there were 10 , 000 at themeetmgon Whit-tuesday , and also reported that there were 3 , 000 at the Meeting on 15 th July . Thought there were grounds for alarm on Whit-Tuesday , whentbe pitmen came in with sticks , some of them Baying -what they would do . Was Editor of the Sunderland Herald at the time of the meeting tm Whit-Tuesday— ( a copy of the paper of that week was here handed to witness , who was asked if he wrote the leading article . ) He replied he did . ( This article stated that the whole proceedings were like a Punch and Judy show , and that henceforth there too * no rtaam iofear the Chartistsof Sunderland—the fever of Chartism was over . ) Was more alarmed at the meeting on July 15 .
The middle classes were most alarmed at the meeting of the 15 th of July . The alarm was occasioned" by your conduct taken in connexion with the " Address to the Middle Classes . " I wrote the article of 19 th July , and purchased a copy of the " Address at your shop , where also I obtained a cepy of Dr . J . Taylor ' s letter , headed " Outbreak of the Whigs . " [ Here witness read the letter at length . ] I wrote the note on your letter published in the Herald ef April 26 . I am sure you used the word '' sanguinary" when you spoke of the people being nearly ready for an outbreak ; I took down the expression on the spot I recollect your using the expression— " Peaceably , " if we can ; forcibly , if we must . " I did not take it down ; it was so familiar , I did not think it neces
Cross-examined by Mr . Williams . —The grounds of my apprehension of personal injury at the meeting , were the issuing of the " Address , " and the general conduct of the Chartists ; besides , Mr . Etherington had been ill-treated at a previous meeting , and I thought the violent language used by yourself and others cal culated to excite your followers to acts of violence . I knew that I was particularly obnoxious to your party , becanse I always opposed your proceedings . I did not consider the meeting at Whitsuntide so dangerous as that of July 15 , because there was no " Address to the Middle Classes , " or letter from Dr . John Taylor than in circulation . I estimated the numbers at the
Whitsuntide meeting at ten thousand , you said you thought them fifty thousand . At Whitsuntide the pitmen came down to the town with sticks , and used menacing Ian-Suage . Such meetings caused extraordinary precautions to be taken for the preservation of the peace special constables were sworn in , the police Were armed with cutlasses , and the preventive service aud military were in readiness to act if needed . I was a special constable , and with others patrolled the streets . I remember a dinner being given to Mr . A . White ! in the Sunderland Assembly lioom , I think in * August last I hrard the speeches of Colonel Bopkwith and Mr . Robort Brown ; they hare nothing to do with thia
case . The Judge here afcted what ¦ was the object of the question . Mr . Williams replied that It would greatly injure him if . when dealing with such an artful witness he bad to state the obj ect of his questions . He could assure the Judge that it was quite pertinent Mr . Williams then asked if at the said dinner Colonel Beckwith , A . White , Esq ., and other gentlemen did not state that the Chartists held the same principles as themselves , but only differed as to the time of putting them in operation . The Judge said that they had nothing to do with what gentlemen said at a dinner .
Mr . Williams submitted that it had an important bearing on the case , for if gentlemen of property and political character , and Whig connections , could be found uttering such sentiments in a public assembly in Sunderland , immediately ' after the aUe / jed excitement and disorder , that was very good evidence that no such excitement and terror existed . The question was not allowed to be answered . Cross examination resumed—Believed he paraded the town on the night of the loth as a special constable . Had been told that his house would be the first to go , as he was an obnoxious individual , and took care to have his door bolted . Did not lose any rest on account of his fear . A deal of apprehension left him after the special constables wore sworn in . Had been editor
the Herald two years . "Was previous to that master of a Grammar School . Resided at Stockton in 1831 , a period of political excitement Took part in that agitation ; spoke at meetings at Stockton . There waa no alarm in Stockton ; heard of Conservative ladies being alar mid . Did not attend nie * -tii > gt > in other parts of the country , but recollected that some of them roc * mmeuded brickbats and bludgeons , which he oid not sanction . Remembers the burning of Nottingham Castle , the riots at Bristol and other p ' aces , but did not think it so dangerous in 1831 as iu 183 a . Did not remember any riot at Dudley , when the present Attorn-y General was a candidate . Was not a
physicalforce man . There were two parties then , ultras and Reformers ; the former wanted to tako their rights by force ; he did not . Perhaps he was excited then ; by excitement he meant warm—warm in feeling . When his feelings are warmed he may use too warm language . Does not think he ever spoke too wum at ^ inproperly at meetings . I know of only one person that expressed any fear then ; she was a Conservative lady . I remember attending a meeting in the Assembly Room , called respecting Frort , Williams , and Jones . We had some conversation after it , in the course of which I said that you and Mr . Binns were at one time likely to get into the same predicament . Perhaps there might be oue hundred persons present at that conversation .
Mr . Williams here put a number of questions to the witness , with a view to prove that he 'Hardcastle ) had , on that occasion , admitted that he ' believed Mr . Williams to have been actuated by the purest motives , " that he did uot consider , / nor had he slid Mr . Williams could instigate the people to violence , and also that Mr . Williams ' s efforts were always peacefully directed . " Hardcastle denied the whole of this conversation . Went to the meeting on July 15 th , to take an accurate report Did not take a report of any speech but Mr . Binns ' s . Did not report Mr . Williams ' s speech , because it was getting dark . It was a very cautious speech , but not less dangerous than Mr . Brass ' s . Only reported the striking pasaagea of Mr . Binns's .
Re-examined by Mr . Wight man—Unusual precautions for the preservation of the peace were taken on or about the 15 th of July . The alarm in the town , and these precautions arose from the Chartist meetings and hand-bills . They were principally people of the working-classes who attended the meeting of the 15 th of July . Mr . Thomas Bum , jun . sworn—Mr . Wightman said he had no questions to ask this witness . By Mr . Williams—Believed that Mr . Williams was instrumental in forming tbe Mechanics' Institute and the debating society at Sunderland ; remembered conversing with Mr . Williams in his wonted friendly manner on the day after the meeting ; asked Mr . W . then how he justified the recommendations to violence in that bill ( meaning the address to the middle classes ! mid Mr . Williams replied that he disapproved of physical means .
John Turner sworn—Is a painter , at Bishopwearmouth ; saw : he procession set up a howling and hissing opposite to the Exchange ; Williams and Binns were amongst the mob ; there appeared a great deal of excitement ; saw eticks in the hands of many there ; the inhabitants were alarmed ; he was not alarmed . There were several banners . Many had weapons . By Mr . Bisss—Did not attend the meeting . By Mr . WiLLiAHS-Was in the Shades publichouse , in the second story , when the procession went
past ; there was a great mob where Messrs . Williams and Biuns were ; they were together ; was sure there was more than one banner . The weapons were sticks , such sticks as gentlemen generally use on summer evenings . Cannot tell where Mr . Williams or Mr . Binns were in the procession . Did not know whether they wero together or sepsirate . Cannot tell what part they were . Was sure he raw defendants in the crowd . John Robinson , of Sunderlanri , baker , sworn—My shop joins the Suuderland Exchange . On the evening of the 15 th July , the Chartists eaine down the street in
procession , with banners and a bandr about a quarterpast seven . I did not see defendants then . The crowd were huxzaing , but they did not halt as they went down , I remained in my shop till nine o ' clock . I observed them return about half-past nine . I put my shutters up earlier than usual , for fear the windows were broken . The mob made a very great noise on their return opposite the Exchange . I generally keep my shop open till ten o ' clock . My family was alarmed ^ and many parties that came to our shop expressed alarm , f coasider theru was reason for ularm . Cross-examin ed by Mr . BiKKS—We have done business together . I have thought your speeches calculated to lead to disorder .
Cross-examined by Mr . Williams—I heard of the meeting two or three hours before it was held . There was both hissing and huzzaing . I have heard them at elections , but more cheering than hissing . A procession followed the band , some two lind two , others three and three . There was more order when they went down than when they returned . They went down the middle of the street At elections , shutters are sometimes closed , for ftar of having the windows broken . The pitmen , whe ; i they came down , had sticks . Some people there had mere walking-sticks ,
not weapons like bludgeons , nor more numerous than usual . Some of my customers , who are workingpeople , said they would soon drive us out of our shops . Those that were Chartists were not afraid . I think the rumours abroad were not idle , judging from the speeches . I don't recollect you either condemning or recommending physical force . I have heard Mr . Binns speak . My mother is not very nervous . I don't recollect saying whether I was alarmed or not I spoke to you in Durham last Aaaiies , and I am sure I never said so .
• Re-examined—One man threatened they would soon driTe us out of the shop . Ho said he waa a Chartist , and when they got their rights , they would take possession of the shops , and we might go where we liked . Thomas Carr—I am one of the printers and publishers of the Sunderland Herald . On the evening of the 15 th of July , I was on the premises , and saw a number of persons come up the street from the Moor between nine and ten , groaning , hooting , and hissing , and using threatening language , as they passed our shop . Several persons held up their fists and sticks , saying , " We'll giTeyou it ! " I looked out of the window , after I had fastened the door . There were a great nnmber of persons in an exceedingly excited state . Their manner was such as to lead me to apprehend violence . In consequence , I requested some of oar men to watch the
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premises , inside and out , aU nliht Then was , I think , alarm among the Inhabitanti m SundenMd . Cross-examined by Mr . WlLLUMa Wj « standing alone at the door . Mr . White , my panher , might be on the flags . I heard him say he made grimaces to the crowd a « they passed . I have heard something aboat the Ghutiste starting another paper of their own . I think them great readers of the Sunderland Herald . I never knew an Instance « f a publican giving up the paper because of its remarks on the Chartists , nor that the circulation was injured by the Cbartists giving it up . I treated the talk of a Chartist newspaper as idle nonsense .
Barnabas Sharp , an alderman of Sunderland , eaid , the people began to assemble about five in the evening near the Bishopwearmouth church , where they remained till a larger party from the country joined them , and then they marched down High-street towards the moor . About half-past nine , I and mj family were alarmed by shouting and hurraing . My house is near the church . I went out and saw a large assemblage shouting and huraaing , which created alarm in the minds of the inhabitants . Cross-examined by Mr . Williams—There was alarm in the town on the morning and evening of that day . I do not know that the meeting was held , because it
was said Mr . White had supported the Charter . The alarm in the town was caused by the proceedings of the Chartfsta , who were thought to have designs on property . I never attended any of your meetings , aud cannot speak as to what you said . Your character before your connexion with the Chartists was good . I form my judgment of the Chartists b ' y their bills and placards . I read the Sunderland Herald , but I do not allow my mind to be biassed by newspapers , as I am not a political character . I never read a Chartist newspaper . I never heard a Chartist speech . I understand from what I beard that the Chartists held anti-property doctrines .
William Brown , Superintendent of Hunderland Police , sworn . I saw the mob on the 15 th at the end of Villiers-street ; they were not then making a noise . I followed to the moor , which they iert between halfpast nine and ten . As they came , along the street , opposite the station-house , they stopped a very short time and hooted . They had a band and banner , and went in a sort of procession . Opposite tbe Exchange , there wna iwore groaning and yelling . The proceedings wero calculated to excite the alarm which existed among the inhabitants .
Cross-examined by Mr . Binns—There were more than two banners ; I df uot recollect tlie inscriptions . Cross-examined by Mr . Williams . —I Mt no individual alarm for my own personal safety , but I thought danger would come of it I saw no offensive weapons , nothing but walking-sticks , such as are usually carried . The police had not then got cutlasses . There were , I think , aome special constables sworn the following day . The police constables were assembled that evening to preserve the peace . When ttfe procession passed the Herald Office , I was a considerable distance behind . There was no street row that I recollect , nothing extraordinary . I do not know of any Chartists having been brought before the magistrates except Messrs . Williams and Binns . When there is any serious danger I have to be ready to act The police are then supplied with extra arms . I had nothing but a walking-stick that evening . I waa at one time a mile from the Stationhouse that evening .
Robert Robson , tenant of the Sunderland Town Moor , stated that when Williams and Binns applied to have the meeting on Whit-Mouday he would not give them leave , but said if they met he would not attempt to turn them off . For the meeting on the 15 th they had never asked leave . There was a great number of people there that day . Williams and Biuns were there ; they had a band and a banner . By Mr . Williams—Could not tell what to say about them ( Williams and Binns ) being peaceably disposed . They had promised to keep the peace , if they could , when they applied for leave of the greund on Whit-Monday . Mr . Wightman here said , I do not think it necessary to call Mr . Kidson , the clerk to the magistrates , whose name is on the back of the indictment , and with this evidence I close the case fur the prosecution .
The Judge asked the defendants if they wished Mr . Kidson to be called , and they answered they did not . Mr . Wightman said he should exercise his right of reply whether the defendants called witnesses or not
Mr . Williams stated they had many witnesses , and would therefore call them ; but be thought Mr . Wightman , at that hour , might have foregone his right on condition of their declining to call them . Mr . Wightman ultimately assented to this . Mr . Binns then rose and addressed the Court in his defence . He commenced by impresdiug upon the miuds of the Jury the responsibility of their situation , and the necessity of their laying aside all political animosity whilst deliberating on the case before them . That they must determine the innocence or guilt of the parties entirely by the evidence laid before them , aud that it was a violation of duty to criminate a man without evidence . Mr . Binns then stated the nature of the charge preferred against
him in the indictment , that of attending a riotous and seditious meeting and using seditious md inflammatory language . Mr . Biuua then went into a definition of the term sedition , contending that it was uot so much the words expressed that constituted this crime , as those words viewed in connection wiih the place of meeting , the time of meeting , and the objkct of meeting . They were to consider whether the motives of the speaker were good or bad ; whether the language preferred against him were recommendations to violence ia the obtainniout of reform ; whether the people were led away by the impression of the prosecuting kounsel that were instigating the people to acts ot aggression . Hawes ' Pleas of the Crown , Justice Littledale , Lord
Chatham were referred to by Mr . B . iu support of his construction of the term sedition . Mr . Biuus then made some remarks on the place of meeting , and contended that the Moor was strictly a legal place of meeting ; that meetings had often been held there ; that it was removed from the bustle of business , and at the outskirts of the town . Ho then proceeded to shew that there could be no rational objection to the time of assembling , aud proved from the witnesses for the prosecution , that the meeting was quietly broken up by half-past nine o ' clock iu the evening , and that too at the time of-the year when the days are lougest . Mr . Binna then contended that there was nothing in the nature of the meeting itself calculated reasonably to excite alarm . It was
admitted by witnesses for the prosecution , that the meeting was of a peaceable character , that the people went orderly through the streets , without arms in their hands , and with only oue banner with the words "Peace , Law , Order , " upon it . The object of the meeting Mr . B . insisted might fairly bo inferred from the resolutions submitted and carried upon , the spot . Ho observed the Counsel for the Crown had cautiously abstained from saying a word about these peaceable and loyal resolutions . There was too great a disparity between these resolutions aud anything violent or criminal for him . This legal artist must have his pencil dipped in blood , or he aspires to no purpose ; and hence the exaggeration he has been guilty of throughout these proceedings .
Mr . Biuns then rebutted the argument that the existence of alarm arose from what the meeting did or what the speaker said , and proceeded . to comment upon his speech , and the evidence of Etheriugtou , the reporter , on his cross-examination . With respect to tne first paragraph cotnmuiued ou by the Counsel for the Crown , from his ( Mr . B . ' s ) speech . Mr . Binns spoke as follows . 1 am charged with sayi . ig that " The people are fulfilling the lawa of their God when they employ a uation ' s time , and a nation ' s talent in destroying a system of legislation , whioh has no other foundation than error , robbery , and fraud . " Now , Gentlemen of the Jury , I ask you what objection can be urged against an expression of this nature i Do I assail anything
good 1 I know the Couusel for the Crown will jump to the conclusion that I am attacking the Government at home—that I am warring with good long pensions and unmerited sinecures—that I am levelling at venerable abuses , intertwined with the political institutions of she country , but do I assail any thing good * I ask 1 1 will not-so farinault-the Learned Counsel ' s intelligence , as to suppose him the panegyrist of state abuses , or the apologist for bedchamber pay , but do I attack anything pood , I ask ? Ia there a single sneer at peace , order , or good Government i No ! This sentence . simply implies a resistance to wrong , and are you prepared to call that a crime ? Would you resist wrong ! Why are you in that jury box but for the resistance of
evil and the punishment of wrong 1 I state here a mere abstract proposition which no man iu his sober senses would deny , and no Government but the most insolently domineering would dare to interfere withthat error must be resisted—that fraud must be resisted , ana that robbery must be resisted . Where is the Jury that would bow to the insinuations of error , and abandon their high calling to become accessories to its abominations i Where is the Jury that would pass by unpunished and unrebuked the daring villany of a thief ? What Jury of Englishmen would connive at an arch-impostor , who 'leasts upon public credit and lives by cheating his neighbour 1 No , Gentlemen , you would scorn to commit so unhallowed aud atrocious an infraction of your every duty . Your generous and unadulterated feelings would recoil trom the thought of such treacherous delinquency . You would feel that you had
deserted the interest and guardianship of communities , to give to brigandism the protection of law , and to villany a charter . of impunity . Guilt would have to shun your presence , for , instead of being conspirators in the dark communiugs of the wicked , you are the great conspirators of universal man for the protection of his peace . But , Gentlemen of the Jury , would you stop there ! Would you annihilate , by the justice of your deliberations , the scattered bands of lawless and greedy plunderers that infest the body politio , and would your duty flag or your courage cool , because the infamy of a needy thief had been outstripped by a band of tenatortl Would imperial justice punish guilt in the one case and not in the other ! Or , would it not rather award to each the penalty of their disobedience ! Yea , I believe that empty titles , or high rank , will pass for little in a court of law , and that the weight of a
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man ' s evidence will be taken , and pot the weight of his person or his pocket , his gown or bis wig . " . The counsel for the prosecution , continued Mr . Binns , has also charged me with saying that—** So Ions as the honest beggar ( hat tramps your streets irlooked upon as s > reptile , so long is the liberty of mankind invaded—so loot k the eonttten-senie of mankind insulted—10 long ought every geneMiif breast to swell with generous indignation—so long ought the patriot feeling of humanity to rise in defence of a common right not conceded to the whole—so lone ought we to be dissatisfied and rebel . " Now , Gentlemen of the Jury , continued Mr . Brans , what is there in this sentiment to make a Christian blush , or an Englishman ashamed f
Would your breasts swell with human sympathy at the sad and lamentable tale of a suffering son of industry thrown upon the world a houseless wanderer and in rags ! Would the bonds of brotherhood be broken asunder because you were affluent and he Was poor ! Can yon feel no pity for a fellow-being whose breast has felt no glow of gladness , but mournfully told its throbbings of distress . When yon look around you , and survey the uncertainty of all sublunary enjoyments—amidst the misery that abounds—the tyranny that triumphshave you no dark forebodings of your future career ! Do you not sometimes think that what to day is his case may , to-morrow , be your own , and that your mutual safety requires that you should assist to
relieve ! Oh ! my friends , with what pleasure dees the Christian believer and the man of benevolence contemplate that splendid trait of our religion which connects the interests of individuals with the interest of nations , and the interest of nations with the commandments of God—whioh proclaims to north and south , and east and west , in a voice ot music—Love one another ! Yet , Gentlemen of the Jury , Bubliine as may be thia doctrine , love one another , the Counsel for the Crown would glory in its destruction , and , by a series of state prosecutions , his employers seek to establish society on a basis ill accordant with so divine an injunction ! According to the Counsel for the prosecution , to love one another is synonymous with sedition , whilst forgot one another is both loyalty aud law ! Good God
am I in a Christian country , and in the supreme court of justice , when I am called upon to show cause wh y I love my neighbour as myself 1 Or , rather , has religion becomo the tool and hobby of state plunder and state domination , and has > the form of trial by jury iu s > court of'law degenerated into an empty show , to screen au act of stately vice from its natural and irredeemable deformity ? I invoke all of justice thai exists in the laws—all of freedom that presides in the Ben ate—all of religion that exists in my country , to throw the mantle of its protection round tho men , whose rejoicings are in a people's happiness , and whose repinings are for a people ' s ' woes . If you will not protect them , you forfeit all claim
to the name of guardians . You may give to your decisions the force of law , but you never can have the right either to ac < juit or to condemn . What is there in this sentence that it should be made the subject of prosecution ? Examine it carefully , and I fear not the result . Who would not drop atearof sympathy at the tale of unmerited oppression ? Go , ask the rude barbarian who never tasted the fruits of civilization , who never drank of the lofty inspiration of a pure and elevated morality—ask him to look unmoved upon a scene of woe ; but ask not Christians , ask not Englishmen , whose notions of human duty are drawn from a purer fountain than the muddy regions of tradition and idolatry . " Mr . Binns then proceeded to comment upon the other Darts of his
speech in a similar strain , and contended that his language was strictly constitutional and proper—that there was nothing to excite alarm . That alarm , if existing , was attributable ie- the mean and industrious circulation of Mr . Hardcasfle ' s calumnies , through the medium of the Sunderland Herald . With respect to the alarm existing Mr , Binns said that the middle classes have been distracted with endless feara of midnight firos and general spoliation . As we have walked through their sireots , with a proud disdain for all their dreamy fears , and a proud consciousness that we had done no wrong , you might see , as if by some unconquerable spell , the jealous eyes of their trembling order riveitod on ua as we passed . They seemed lost in amazement that
Chartists could go up and down in the open day with innocent unconcern like other men ; and if there are any of these middle classes in court , they will wonder why it is that your Lordship has not summoned the police and specials to protect your Lordship ' s wig from the torch of the incendiary ; for they think that a man—nay , not even a Judge , is safe within the gunshot of a Chartist . Alarm did exist , it is true . Hardcastle had represented us as ferocious and . designing villains , who aspired to carve a pathway to liberty with the implements of murder and of bloodshed . He has exhibited mo as a reckless incendiary , infesting , in the dead hour of night , the farmer ' s well-earned stack-yard , aud waiting with breathless eagerness the moment when the general
calm tempts me to apply the match which is to illumine the darkened hemisphere with wide-spread conflagration aud ruin . Who would not feelaiarmed at a being of this description , and consult their safety in sixty rounds of ball cartridge to the military—the training and drilling of policemen and specials ? Mr . Binns then contended that tbe alarm was owing to the lies aud slanders of Hardca-jtle and the Herald , and that it was hard that h « should be punished for the existence of alarm created more by the prosecuting party than himself . He concluded his address by telling the Jury that if he was convioted he would be sorry , not because he would have to endure a lingering captivity in a dungeon , but because the rights of the people would be cloven down , and the last vestige of liberty , effectually destroyed .
[ We regret that the length of Mr . Williama ' defence precludes the possibility of our finding space for it this weeek . We shall give that and the trial of Byrne in our next . ]
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The Pennt Postage . —It is not generally known to the public that by a Treasury order every poBtmaster and letter-receiver , without exception , is bound to sell the postage label stamps to the public at a penny each , whatever number sold , whether a singleBtamp or more ; and the covers at a penny one farthing each . This should be generally known —that wherever there is a post-office there also is a dhpot for the stamps and coven .
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LiBD 8 Coai » MA » MT .-The trrivils of Wheat la this day ' s market is much the same as last m * O » ta smaller . Beso . larger . l *^\* t * 2 $ tinned very fine aad warn . Fin * Whoat hm ben very heavy sale , and li . per quarter lower , tbe second qualities 2 s . per quarter , aad seaneh any demand for the inferior and chambered sianta . Oats and Shelling have been dull sale . Beans fittie alteration . Lbbds Cloth Markets . —On Saturday last , there W L * , t * . 8 haw of towineM transacted at both Cloth Halls ; on Tuesday , however , the narket opened heavily , and so continued to the dose . 7
veryextentfve sale by auction , of bankrup ts' stock . has doubtless had an influence on the transactions and perhaps has caused a refiuxioft in prices ; but trade is on the whole , rather Improved . ¦ Leeds - FoMmon Faib , Aoo . 12 .-We are rather better supplied with Beef this morning than for some time past , and the weather being unfavourable for slaughtering , the market is heavy , and priois have rather receded ; Mutton is an average show , prices also a shade less . Beef 6 s . to 7 s . Mr stone Mutton 6 d . to 6 Ad . per lb . Number of B « Mtr 26 o She * p 3000 ; & & SO . Price of Hay ^ dV to Td . ' Straw 4 d . per stone .
York Cow * Market , Saturdat , Aug . 8—The weather for the last fortnight has been remarkably fine , which has caused the crops to make great orogress towards maturity . We have only a limited supply of grain at our market to-day , for which we experience a dull sale . Fine Wheat is Is . and infer ior Wheat Is . to 2 s . per qr . lower . Other articles dull , but without any material alteration in price . Bkdalr Fortnight Fair , Aug . 11 . — Our show at this day ' s fair was large and good , with plenty of customers for both Beasts and Sheep . In Beef 6 d par st . was submitted to by sellers . Beef 6 s . to * 6 s . 6 d . per stone ; Mutton 6 d . per lb .
Hull Cork Market , Auo . 11 . —The past week has been dry , and very hot weather ; this mornimr indicated rain j in partial instances the harvest commenced In this neighbourhood . The crops of Wheat in Holderness are not heavy , but the ear is well filled , and with fine weather the quality will be good , and doubtless the yield will prove beyond the expectation of the grower . The fine weather , to . gettaer with the determined efforts of the importers to force Wheat at a low duty , makes the trade as languid as possible . The sales of Wheat here to-day were limited to the necessitous buyers , who selected the beat English and Foreign at a reduction of Is . to 2 a . per qr . All other sorts remained on hand for
want of buyers . Barley and Oat 3 free sale , and the turn dearer . Beans in request at last currency . Linseed and Rapeseed are looking up . Newcastle Corn Market , Aug . 8 . —We have this week again liberal arrivals of Wheat coastwise and there wag also a fair supply at this morning ' s market from the farmers . The weather continuing very fine and warm , has produced a good deal of dullness iu the trade , and the farmers with difficulty disposed of their samples at a decline of 2 s , per qr . In merchants' Wheat very little business was done . The foreign arrivals are going into bond . Fine Rve is be
coming very scarce , and held at higher prices . — Peas and Barley in moderate demand . The arrivals of foreign Oats having been pretty liberal during the last few Weeks , on which duty has been partially " ' paid , has enabled dealers and consumers to get into stock , and rather less money was taken to-day , except tor the finest fresh samples . Although the weather has been remarkably fine during the last fourteen days , we do not expect the Wheat harvest to commence in this district before the first week in September : and the greater part of the spring-sown crops will not be ripe until the middle or the latter part of that month .
Manchesteb Corn Market , Saturday , Aug . 8 . —From all parts of the country , and likewise from Ireland , we continue to rgfieive the most gratif ying accounts of improvement in the appearance or the crops , and also of progress in the harvest throughout the early districts . During the week the trade has . beeu in a most inactive state , and the dealers having previously purchased sufficient for present cousumption , few transactions have occurred in any article . There was very little passing at our market this morning , and on the quotations of select samples o Wheat we note a decline of 3 d . to 4 d . per 70 lbs . Flour was in very limited request , and the fowisalee made were by submitting to a redaction of Is . to 2 s . per sack—Barrel Flour was dull sale , and 2 a . lower . Oats and Oatmeal were in very limited request , at a decline of fully Id . per 45 ibs . on the former and Is . per load on the latter article . -
Liverpool Corn Market , Mondat , Aug . 10 . — - Onr importB of Grain , « fco . since this day week , either of British or Foreign produce , have been light . Duties have been paid upon 1175 quarters of Oats , 659 quarters of Barley , 766 quarters of Beans , 186 quarters of Peas , and 719 barrels of Flour . The rate of impost on Wheat has fallen 3 s ., that on Peas Is . 6 d . per quarter . .. Throughout the week the . weather has been uninterruptedl y fine , and we have to quote the prices of free Wheat fully 4 d . per bushel , those of Flour 2 a . per barrel , those of OaU I Id . per bushel , and those of Oatmeal ls . 6 d . to 2 *> per load lower than at the date of our last report ; \ the business on any article of limited amount . Two or three parcels of bonded Wheat have changed j hands at rather below the currency of last week , and about 2000 barrels of Flour were sold on Friday at ' . 29 s . 6 d . per barrel . Barley , Beans , and Pea *} without alteration in value .
Liverpool Cattle Makbkt , Monday , Aug . 10 . — We have had a tolerable large supply of Beasts at market to-day , and the quality on the average tolerably good . The supply of Sheep was much about the same as last w ^ ek , put Lambs were very warcej more especially those of good quality . There was a numerous attendance of Buyers , and for good stool there was a ready sale , but we cannot note any alteration in the price from our quotations of last week . The best Beef sold at about 6 £ d , second ditto 6 d , middling and ordinary 5 £ d . The best wether Mutton maybe quoted at 6 Jd , second ditto fd , orr dinarv and Ewes a little less , and Lambs at abort 6 Ad , sinking the offal . Number of Cattle at market
1 , 190 , Sheep and Lambs 9 , 952 . London Smithfield Market , Monday , Auoca 10 . —This day ' s supply of beasts was , the timed year considered , tolerably good , but of very middling quality . The primest beasts commanded ! steady inquiry , at about last week ' s quotations , to " ' ¦ the inferior breeds even 2 d per % lbs lower . w > had a fair average number of sheep offering , witt ' which the trade was on the whole , dull , at the currencies noted on this day se ' nnight . Lambs Were is moderate supply , and sluggish inquiry , at late raiai Prime small calves sold steadily , the secondirf descriptions being a mere drug . In pigs n » alteration . ¦ - .- ' . ' , ' .-
London Wool Mahket , Monday , August 10 . — Although the quantity of all kinds of British Wpokv offering is by no means extensive , the demand MB * * tinues in a very sluggish state , at barely stations !* ' prices . Since the conclusion of the Ia 9 t public sales ,, j the demand for foreign wools , by private contri ^ x has been in a very heavy state , and the quotations b »» i declined from Id . to 2 d . per lb . The imports cofr tinue moderate . H
London Corn Exchang e , Mondat , AuGusr 10 .-There was only a moderate quantity of wheat , tto morning from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk , and a linBe » suppl y of barley , beanB , and peas , from all twj » counties " , with scarcely any fresh arrivals of EogMi Iri 8 b , or Scotch oats , but the imports of foreign osjj have been very large since this day se ' nnight , and " wheat considerable . During the past week , * : weather has been remarkably fine , and continues to - be hot and forcing , so that harvest work is ia p ; and favourable operation in all the early counsel ¦ ; . In the early part of the morning some of the flMJ * English wheats brought last Monday ' s prices * D » ' afterwards the trade became dulland a decline *
, Is . to 2 $ . per qr . was submitted to in some insW ** . to , effect a * ks » There w . e . te . several P **« ol " ? £ * 3 " bffcfing this morning from Essex , principally of g » JJ quality , and generally in fine condition , w »>* , brought from 75 s . to 81 s . per qr . ; Talavera « P * 84 s . per qr . ; and for really select samples of JF latter description rather more moneys Thertf ' JJ * nothing of moment passing in foreign wheat , ?»¦• bonded or free . Flour was without aber » w * £ value . Grinding barley ralised full as much bi < W Beans were not so free sale , but qo » t * j * i dear . There were several samples ot * £ T > eas at market . ; whinVi /• nnimnnHorl hitfh PT «* :
Only a moderate demand was experienced for «•*' the large import of foreign caused the deafenM * i hold off purchasing , expecting to buy * ^ J ^ j before the ships now up are cleared . Fine E ° s ? 5 Scotch , and Irish , command high prices , froo wj scarcity , and the granary bulks are much * ed » £ - There is little linseed offering , but Odessa tft **" 2 haa commanded 55 s . per quarter . Bapeseet- ^ was taken by the seedsmen in small qaantit »» Mj ; last week ' s prices . New rye much inquired' . w ^ j rather dearer . A few samples of new wintarjg . were offering at 20 s per bushel , but no buyers **«¦* :, price . ¦ ¦ . ' ¦¦ ¦ 'lit *
Leeds:—Printed For The Proprietor, - *$R ~Ql'\
Leeds : —Printed for the Proprietor , - * $ r ~ QL' \
O'CONNOR , Esq ., of Hammersuut ^ . iW ^ -, Middlesex / by JOSHUA HOBSON , »* j * 5 I 1 Ing Offices , Nos . 12 and 13 , Market-stwj * r * g « gate ; and Published by the said Joshua HOjps ( for the said Fbargus O'Connor , ) mfr J 25 S £ ' ling-house , No , 5 , Market-street , Bri « g »^«^ internal Communication existing between "J ^ No . 5 , Market-street , and the said N"JlL <|^ 13 . Market-street , Briggate , thus wnnjfjj ^ f ; whole of the said Printing ^ PoNWWW . :-. flMPWB | s » : C . ;; V ; ; : ;; W jj ^ All Communications must be addressed , ' <^"*^ "H J . HOBSON , Northern Star Office , I *** >* ( Saturday , August , 15 , 184 W
Local Markets
LOCAL MARKETS
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s Tg > B NPBT-HERy STAR . - ' ¦ ¦ ; . ; . ; ' • . . -. : ' %
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BOLTON . Melancholy and Fatal Accident near Bolton . —On Sunday morning last , about nina o ' clock , an accident of a most tnealancholy nature occurred at Darcy Lever , near Bolton , by which two women lost their lives , and three others , together with two children , were very seriousl y injured . It appears that a party of six females , three young men , and three children , arrived at the Farmer ' s Arms , in Darcy Lever , about nine o ' clock in the raorniug , from Horwich , on their way to Lever Banks , in Little Lever . They were in a one-horse common cart , and were intending to go to see some relations and friends . They got out of the cart whilst the horse had some meal and water and hay given to it ; and
in the course of a few minutes five out of the six women had got into the cart again , and . the sixth was on the chair , ready to get in when the accident occurred . The young man that was feeding the horse had , foolishly enough , taken off the horse ' s bridle , in order that the animal might get its head into the can to drink ; and as the remaining woman was attempting to step into the cart , she made two or three failures , and this caused the other women to laugh . The noise attracted the attention of the horse , who lifted his head from the can aud , iu consequence of being without bridle , was able to distinguish the parties in the cart . As might naturally be expected , he became alarmed , and bolted off at full gallop across the road ; but , on arriving at
the point of the brow , the animal discovered there was no road , and therefore turned quickly round to gallop towards Bolton ; but the inclination of the road , aad the speedy turn of the horse , upset the cart , and all were thrown over . Two persons were found under the cart , and two or three had been thrown over some flags iuto a cellar area . One poor woman , jane Makinson , aged thirty-four years , was thrown against the flags with great violence , and her skull was so fractured , that when picked up she was dead ; she , iwas not eveu observed to breathe . She was the wife of Noah Makinson , of . ¦ Horwich , an engine tenter , and organist at Horwich Church . She has left six children to regret her loss . Sho had an infant child of eight months old in her arms when
the horse started off ; and , perceiving danger , she threw the child from the cart , and it was caught by a woman who stood near , and escaped without injury . Mary Ann Sharpie * , aged thirty-three , the wife of John Sharpies , a crofter at Horwich , was taken up in a dreadtul state , and conveyed to a neigbouring house . Mr . Hanipaon , surgeon , of Bolton , was immediately on the spot , and rendered every possible assistance ; but she died on Monday morning about two o ' clock , having breathed with great difficulty from the time of the accident , and had never spoken . She has left three childen , one of whom , an infant of eight months old that she had in her arms , was thrown with her to the ground One of its eyes was
knocked in , and its skull injured ; but it is probable that it may recover , although lying iu a dangerous state . The other persons injured were Mra . Turner , a widow with a large family ; one of whose shoulders was dislocated , and she was otherwise injured . The other persons were Ellen Roper , a single woman and Mra . Caldwell . The two latter were injured about the head and body ; but not dangerously so . The other , a little girl , was not so much hurt as the rest . The circumstance created the greatest consternation in the neighbourhood , as it is the second accident of the sort that has happened there of late ; Mr . Hulme , the publican , of Radcliffe , who was ol suoh enormous weight , having been killed at the bottom of the hill .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 15, 1840, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2697/page/8/
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