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OPENING OF PARLIAMENT. Notwithstanding t...
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BORNEAN PIRATES. On Wednesday night a pu...
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Disastrous Affair on..the Gambia.—The fo...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ajasftss^^Rv-'^ S**^A Nraaijfebse3&J0ire...
ajasftSS ^^ rv- ' ^ S **^ a nraaijfeBse 3 & j 0 irer ^ .- «^^ _ —^ S ^^ T ^ SnS ^ - — : •—;— : ¦
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^ MWtms ^ m ^ m ^^ ^^ SS ^^ S ^ gff ^ S *¦* . ^ T SSMBB ^ lhBVWNK'Tnfli'Mfer ^ rfeQ ^^ ^^^ ' ^ raip 6 ^ jiafe tojsxpectJ . (^ coiirs © f , ihose * l ^* ere madeafter thelralistahce was pjop beow ^^ ftomihem yqu ( wil ! T ) e able ^ S of yoarpro ^ ee ^^ ^ : ^ - ^ * Cholera isgone , after . having , ravaged W ealthy hovels of the neglected poor : * T qod for that . Wo . havehadpBaceMth ^ vLeXf 0 rld , becanse we a ¥ e " not able to goto t thank God for that . ^ The : survmrig
T ^ b—that is , those who have escaped the vL fae produced , by the plunder of Hie riche r ae never so loyal , and never entertained bo T gn affection for any Monarch as they do f t Qjoees Ticiobja .: ihank ^ GoB for that . Yonr sinews , your mnscles , . and your marrow tarC been coined to rach'an' & tfent as to overgo the Excbequer : y . thant : lG <) p for that , ¦ jou vrill be represented—just , as 1 predictedas being the most prosperous , satisfied , and
wgl people upon tne lace of the eartn ; tnanK gOD for that All nations are now about to exchange their . produce , freely for your produce : thank God -for that . The Queen Po ^ agek has : departed this -life , » and the Mi nisters , who will have the command of her - £ 100 , 000 a year , will ; thank God for that ; althoug h it was humanely and charitabl y expended by a much better distributor . [; : The ponieswill ' heshaBded over-to setf . goTern meat , and ihey will thank God for that ; ' - "
: But now , my friends , after deploring the death of the' QueenDowagee i . after acknowledg ing and regretting those direful calamities which have so afflicted Ireland with famine , and Eng land with cholera "; after admitting the sad condition of Irish landlords and the landed interest generally—all . is most ludicrously wound np as follows , by the Times . The author says : •—"ITS CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH "WILL EAISE A 3 ? ECHO IN EVERY LOYAL AKD RELIGIOUS BREAST , BY ATTRIBUTING TO BITINE PROVIDENCE OUR HAPPY EXEMP TION PROM YTAR , REVOLUTION , AND THOSE OTHER DISORDERS WITH WHICH
THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH TAR , AND SEAR HAVE BEEN VISITED ; AND BY CONGRATULATING THE COUNTRY ON THE TRUE LIBERTY AND THE LARGE MEASURE OP SOLID HAPPINESS "WHICH WE ENJOY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION WHICH H EAVEN AND OUR FATHERS HATE COMMITTED TO OUR CARE . " 2 fow then , working men , what think you of such a wind-up as that ? What do you think of the " TRUE LIBERTY and SOLID HAPPINESS " that Heaven has given you ? But should not the limes have added that your
falters have taken away from you ? But mark , this is only one side of the questionthe ministerial side ; but let me foreshadow the other side by an anecdote : "Once upon a time , a very ignorant man was defendant in the Irish Court of Chancery in a very heavy suit , and upon which depended a large property . "While the plaintiff ' s counsel was stating his case , the defendant , who sat next his own counsel , was almost driven into ills ; hat
when his counsel began to state his case , he got up , and , clapping his hands , to the . great astonishment of the court , roared out : * Sow , my lord , the butter is coming out of the stirabout . ' " So , the Times version being merely the case of the Government , however the bullfrogs outside may be dispirited , it is not at all unlikely , that they , too , may exclaim , when they hear their leaders' assault upon the Speech : "Now the butter is coming out of the stirabout . "
However , my viewsof the crisis bnly . bespeak my own feelings , andl am bound to say > that I think any Government < i 5 folly justified" in basing its policy upon the presumed satisfac ^ tion of the people , and I think the people most richly deserve all the burdens and oppression to which they are subjected , so long as the minister is able to base their continuance upon popular satisfaction . I take a very different view of the present state of affairs from that
taken by the Times . I am witting to admit that trade is good , but I am not prepared to believe that the working class mind of England is now so dull and sluggish , that it will be satisfied that idlers should live luxuriously upon the sweat of the industrious , while those who live in temporary comfort during the season of good employment , will ultimately be driven to the bastile , the idle pensioner still enjoyinc his whole salary derived from limited produce .
I am not satisfied , and I never will be satisfied , so long as the property , which is the labour of the working man , Ins life , his liberty * and those comforts and enjoyments to which he is entitled , are placed in the keeping of those who live luxuriously upon his excommunication : and however the dull mind of England maybe lolled into temporary quiescence , by temporary and partial prosperity , and however the Irish people may have been heretofore used by jugglers and plunderers , I say , however inert and inanimate you may be , and however the minister may boast of Irish loyalty , yet that minister will still find Ireland his
: GREATEST DIFFICULTY . " Let me show you the difference between English and Irish feeling . In England , none bat the dissatisfied unemployed , or badly paid , take part in the popular movement , while in Ireland men of wealth , farmers , shopkeepers , merchants and traders , are ever ready to enlist in the cause of liberty . The Irish Democratic Association , but
recently established , and only represented by the "Irtsfimfln , " will shortly number someFIFTY THOUSANDS in its ranks ; and although the meetings of that body are attended by spies and detectives , yet such is the sterling and virtuous patriotism of the Irish people , that the presence of the Jailer-General and his staff would not intimidate them , bnt -would augment their numbers .
Working men of England , if any new tinkering legislation is now based upon your presumed . satisfaction ; -. and if , when unemployed , you then become dissatisfied , blame yourselves , and hot me : for I now teU youupon this , the opening day of the Session of 1850—that you will be used by your taskmasters for THEIR , ' and hot for YOUR , ¦ BENEFIT ; that is , you will be negativel y , and not affirmatively , used ; you will be used against the Protectionists , bnt not as auxiliaries to fight the battle of Labour " Now , however often I repeat these facts , you have not yet learnt them , but learn them you will , and that erelong ; and it is to prepare you for the coming struggle , that I have sacrficed everything that is dear tome . ¦¦ - , ' .
The feudal lords will never- abandon any portion of . 'their property soJong as their power is based upon it ; and , believe me , that you will find it much harder to wrench- labour fromthe gripe of the labour , lord , than laud from the grasp -of the landlord . The power of the . one is active , and can be activel y used— the power of the btherVis . slug & si , andean only be sluggishly used ; and fte active power of the one ' . oppresses your
Older a thousandfold more than the . sluggish Power of the other . ' !; But , however , your a pathy ,. your disunion , arid temporary satisfaction , may temporarily preserve and / uphold ule power of either , or both , I should g ive tip Politics to-morrow ; were I not fully convinced ** kt both powers will , ultimately—arid ,. that ?« long—feu before the power of an enlighfr-^ and united people ; , ahd this hopey and ™ u hope alone , encourages me to ' persevere a a * st all odds and danger , ^ ith the convic-
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tion that I am rendering your cause a service ; because all parties opposed . to-. yon ; hate ; arid detest me , because I win not i allow the working classjpower to be usedtas ^ anfauxiliary force to achieve ascendancy for their taskmasters . . - *? : ¦ - .. & i . . ' ¦ ;;; ¦ i ' - < = ^[ I remain ,-your Faithful and - . -: : ¦ -.-s - ¦ v - . Uncompromising' Friend , . ' /' - ' Feaegus O'Connor ^' : ;• ' . - Friday Morning . •" "; P . - S ;—Well , the dje is cast , the iriachinery is to remain ; unchanged i because trade and commerce are good , and ! becausethe people are well emplbyed and ; well- remunerated ^ and therefore SATISFIED ; .-- > : ;¦ :-: ¦ -.: .- ; ; - '
* , There has-been a -baitthrown out toithe Irish tpadiesTnthe shape '" of an exterided ^ arichise , the government' ibeing ' w'eTi aware : that , with the present constituency , they could be defeated by an overwhelming majority , 'if a new election took place . 'Therehias not ^ how ever ,. been 6 rie , w 6 rd , said about increasing the English franchise , or even p ^ i ^ stlasm pLt jorFmancial Beforra ^ No ^; the iBl ^^ translation of the speech ^ as is predictedj
is , " we are very well , ; now we are satisfied , | et ; us alone . " And now ^ : working riieni it is for you to say whether you . are satisfied or whether you are not ; arid as no individual has a right to . assume the character of dictator if you are satisfied , it would be presumption and arrogance—nay ' treachery— upon my part to declare that you were not satisfied ; if you are satisfied , I should be so ; but I tell you- candidly , tbat my dissatisfaction is based- upon the dissatisfaction which will be entertained
by you when things change , and that change they will , and that right speedily , you may rest assured . And again I tell you , that if the change leads to discontent , you shall . not again make me the victim . of your folly , nay , of your treachery to yourselves . F . Q' C .
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Opening Of Parliament. Notwithstanding T...
OPENING OF PARLIAMENT . Notwithstanding the extreme wetness of the evening , a very numerous meeting , convened by the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association , was held at the National Hall , Hig h Holborn , on Thursday , Jan . 31 st , at eight o ' clock , to consider the Royal Speech .
Mr . William Dixon having been unani mouslv called to the chair , said , from his knowledge of the working classes , he was sure all Avho presented themselves would meet with a full , fair , and impartial hearing . [ At this moment "Mr . W . J . Vernon , stepped on the platform , and was greeted with loud applause . ] The chairman resumed , and having stated the object of the meeting , called upon
Mr . T . Clakk , secretary , who read the "Queen ' s Speech , " amidst the alternate laughter , cheers , cries of " oh , oh , " and other expressions of the meeting , at the " . Speech from the Throne . " At the conclusion , Mr . Gr . W . M . Reynolds came foward , amidst loud cheers , to move the first resolution , and showed the fallacy of supposing—as the speech did—that the . people were really "happy . and contented , " instancing the-riumerous meetings daily held to benefit the condition of the people , as a proof of the contrary ; Amongst others he noticed the Chartist ,
Parliamentary Hefonay Pfot ^ tion , Free . Trade , and Sanatory meetings , and proceeded in . an able , manner : fo ^ discuss , ^ clause , and regrettebf wa * ' 1 iad riotn ^ eri ae clared in favour of Hungarian independence , which elicited loud and long-continued applause , and was renewed when he eulogised the Mussulman sovereign for refusing to give up Kossuth and his brave compatriots to the savage Emperors of Russia and Austria . He also alluded to the many inconsistencies in the speech , and in the cholera clause he took occasion to mention the . cases of Williams and
Sharp , charging then * deaths on the shoulders of the government , ¦ which was greeted .-with the most hearty cheering . He showed that her Majesty could know nothing of Ireland , seeing thatshe only paid a mere superficial visit to ihat country , seeing merely its fair side , the mud hovels remaining unvisited-rdehounced the present system of Government expenditure , and the causes that had called it into existence—described the debauchery of the ancestors of several " noble dukes , " -who de prived their incomes from the sale of the " charms" of their great grandmamasi which
was also greeted with ( much applause . [ Here some slight interruption was caused by some person in the body of the hall , making several exclamations which did not reach our ears , but which was immediately silenced by' Mr . Reynolds inviting the gentleman to the platform , which was greeted with rapturous cheerr ingby the meeting . ] Mr . Reynolds said , as the Government had not promised any reform forjEngland , it was the duty of the people to be ceaseless in their agitation , until the People ' s Charter was obtained , and sat down amidst a perfect furor of applause , b y moving the first resolution .
"That this meetinghaving just heard read her majesty's ' speech upon the opening of parliament this day , cannot refrain from expressing their utmost disapprobation of the feci , tliatwMle comparaHvel : r insignificant iarCunlstanees are pompously paraded therein , as causes of joy and grief to her majesty ; and , while the attention of parliament is directed to seTeral minor topics , no reference is made to the all-engrossing snlgect of the extension of the franchise , the redaction of oar enormous taxation , the extinction of our orer-growing pauperism and other grievances , -which , in the opinion of this meeting , should have a prominent place in this ministerial document .
Mr . M'GrRATE , in seconding the resolution , said the government could expect no allegiance from the people unless they ( the people ) had : a voice in making the laws they were called oh to obey , and thought , that legislation ; as ? at present conducted , was at best " usurpation , ' ' , and compared Royal Speeches with Republican Messages , much to the advantage ' of the latter . Talk of prosperity ! Why one in " every seven of our population was a' pauper—when had we a proper representation , our resources were ample to remove every vestige of poverty from amongst us , Mr , M'Orath then pointed to the laud God had given us , and which the
aristocracy had stolen from us , and demanded the reclamation of the waste , and the employment of the common lands for the public good , amidst loud applause , and eloquently recommended agitation as the precursor of free < tom and the herald of progress . The . aristocracy wereltotteririg on the side of the grave ; and would soon tumble into it . "' Why -we even find the placid Earl Stanhope , ' and the peaceable Richard Cobden , predicting revolutions . Let us watch their movements , and turn their contentions to' the advancement of the People ' s Charter . ( Tremendouscheering . ) The resolution was carried unanimously .
Mr . S- 'M . Kydd , rose to move the second resolution amidst great applause . —The resolution declared the favour of the meeting for the several points of " the People ' s iQhart q ^' . ' and declared—despite the Times leader—that the people : and their . leaders were becoming unanimous in their-demand for " manhood sufifage , " notwithstanding the diversity bf their arguments . ( Great cheering . } ' Mr . Kydd elpguentlv ; advocated the widening the base of the British constitution , in order that all men . might have a ' footing ; thereon—as out bf nothing , ^ nothing ; could come . r--Tell not me ,, exclaimed Mr . Kydd , that great dukes , noble-
Opening Of Parliament. Notwithstanding T...
riaenV ; or millocratspay allthe taxes ; ho , the people bear all the burdens , ' and should be the foundation of all Government : ( Tremendous cheering . ); The principles in that resolution were hisj and . he ^ would , nbt lay them aside for any ^ party .. ( Reiterated and prolonged cheering- ) His C 17 j was no half ineasuf e-r-rio huriv bng-r-but truth arid Justice . Mr . Kydd resumed his seat amidst deafening plaudits , succeeded by a cry of three cheers for Mr . Kydd , which ^ ereheartily given . *• _ Mr . - ; James , Gbassb y seconded the motion in ^ sensible speech ^ which was greeted with much applause .
p Mr . J .-Vernon followed in support of the resolution ; andstrongly advisied the people to stick true to their motto — " the People's Charter , and no surrender' '—and further , that each Chartist should act arid exert himself as if-success depended pn hirri alone , ( ^ fld Chebrs .. ) Tho resoluti ori \ . was earned uiismJ [ rrionBry l , ' . ^' : ;; '[' - '" , ][ " , ' . l ''" " [¦' . ' ' ¦'" . " ' T " . \ . " Mr . T . CiAiiK ' carne forward to move the ajloptiori . of f . ^ ajpetitiori ' ,. to . the Hous & , of . Cpmmons ; expressive of the regret bf the . meeting that no allusion was made to , Electoral Reform forEngland in the royal speech , and praying the House-to enact the People ' s Charter as the law of the land . Mr . Clark ' s appeai'ance
was the signal for interruption from a little knot of persons , who shouted most lustily " Tou are no Democrat , " which was met with counter cries , loud cheers , and disapprobation . On an appeal from the Chairman order was restored , and Mr . Clark proceeded to enforce his opinions , and the adoption of the petition , amidst occasional interruptions , loud cheers , and counter-cheers , which now arose more loudly and vocjferously , until at length a person , -who had been most vociferous in the body of ^ the'Hall , came upon the . platform amidst loud cheers . - [ Mr . Kydd made an eloquent appeal for order . ] A call was made to the chair to put the question whether Mr . Clark should be heard , and Mr , Clark
having declared his determination to bow to the decision of the-meeting , the Chairman put the ' question , as desired , which was decided in the affirmative , with only one dissentient voice . Mr . Clark resumed his address , declaring his dissatisfaction at the result of the last ten years ' agitation , and his desire to see such an union as should at least effect the enactment of the People ' s Charter as the Law of < jhe Land , in our own day . He thought that the Charter , propounded by . Sir J . "VValmsley
was not a so "little' ' as it had been represented , justified his advocacy of the Parliamentary Reformers , as a measure of progress , that would confer the franchise on four millions of persons , although he never would desert the green bariner of Chartism , but would , in in the meantime , ascept anything that would impel onward the cause of Chartismj which was the cause of the great mass of workmg people , hi whoin he had the greatest confidence . He moved the adoption of the petition . -
ifr . Kydd explained that there was no division amongst the advocates of the Charter . They all appealed , through . reason , for the People ' s Charter—which was truth and justice . : . ' : r : Mr . Meriuman geconded the adoption of the petition . ' ' ¦ ¦ Messrs . Ambrose Hirst and Mantz having spoken in srippbrt ^ of the petition , it was carr ^ e ^ rianhrionsly . ! fr ^^^ bt ^ lbf > tharik 6 ' ' yrta ' ^ etfV ^ VeB ' f- ' . tONthe chairman , and the meeting terminated .
Bornean Pirates. On Wednesday Night A Pu...
BORNEAN PIRATES . On Wednesday night a public meeting was held at the London Tavern , convened by the Aborigines ' Protection and ; Peace Societies , "to consider the fearful sacrifice of human life on the coast of Borneo , in July last , and to petition Parliament for the total and immediate abolition of the practice of awarding head-money for the destruction of pirates . " ' - Mr . Joseph Siuhob , having been called to the chair , proceed to explain the object for which the meeting had been called , and read a letter , apologising F # r non-attendance , from Mr . Cobden , M . P . The Rev .. Henry Richards then proceeded to address the meeting , and entered into a lengthened detail of the expedition in July last against the Bornean Dyaks of the Saribas river , in order to
prove that the massacre that followed was deserving of public investigation . Ho maintained that there ought to have been evidence to justify such a fearful act of wholesale destruction . Well , all the evidence that these Dyaks had engaged or contemplated engaging in a piratical expedition , was a report brought to Sir James Brooke whiJe at Sarawak , that the Safebun and Sakarran tribes designed to make a piratical attack , on certain villages in the Rejang . That report , " which was brought by their known and hereditary enemies , the Malays , he found was never substantiated : There was also another report that they threatened to massacre . the inhabitants of a small town called Palo , unless they supplied theih with arms . There
was , however , one niore fact against'them which he ought to state . They also sent a message to Rajah Brooke , telling him he was an old woman . ( Laughter . ) ¦ ' ¦ This was literally the' whole of the evidence g iven by the perpetrators themselves of tho grounds on which this . tremendous massacre was committed To show that it was a cold-blooded massacre , and not a struggle with combatants in any degree equally matched , he read a variety of extracts from the accounts of the officers engaged . He contended that the ' law of piracy gave the criminal the right tea trial before he was condemned ; but in this instance the men , without offering any resistance , was butchered in cold blood , and never had the form of a trial . The reading of the extracts , and
the comments of . the speaker , were received with loud cries of " shame , shame , " and frequent other marks of indignation . . . . . The Rev .,, 0 . B . Cribble , a clergyman of the Church of England , moved the first resolution , viz .: — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the recent slaughter of 1 , 500 or 2 , 000 Dyaks off the coast of Borneo , 'by English seamen acting under the direction of Sir James Brooke , on the vague and general imputation of piracy , is a gross outrage of all the rights of justice and humanity , and calculated to cast a deep dishonour on our national character ,-as a civilised and christian people , and that a thorough and searching inquiry should be immetne circum
diately instituted by parliament into all - stances of this transaction , as well as into the general" line , of policy pursued by Sir James Brooke , itfhis treatment of the aboriginal tribes of Borneo . " Mr . AIron Smith said , he had been attacked by Malay pirates in those seas . If the natives caught an Englishman they , would kill him at once , and boil him next day . : ( Laughter . ) As regarded head money , he considered-it objectionable , because an English . ofiicerwas paid for his services , wjthout it . ( Cheers : ) ' He apologised for intruding , but he felt called upon ib rise to . vindicate the British naval officers , ' than whom a ; more gallant and virtuous race ofmen did hot exist , ..
Mr : Gso . Thompson , M . P ., next addressed the meeting ; and in order to disprove the dangers of landing among ; the natives . 01 Borneo , referred to the accounts given by Sir James Brooke himself , of bis . own expedition up the river . Sarawak without convoy , in his little yacht tho Royalist . He hoped ' the meeting would commission him in his place in Parliament tb- 'demand a committee of inquiry . ¦( Loud cheers . ) Theri they could have the last speaker before it to give evidence , and if he ( Mr . ( Thompson ) were on the ' inquiry ; he should not be ¦ satisfied until he . had turned him . inside , out . ( Laughter and cheers . ); . , 1 . . The first resolution was then put and . carried nam . con . ••• ¦• ¦ . : .
Mr . '' J . H . Parry moved , the' next resolution , which was to the effect , "That the judgment of this meeting , the system of awarding ' . head-money Tortlie' destruction Of pirates as at present sanctioned by the 1 * jv of this country , ought to be immediatel y and utterly abolished , as a practice barbarous and unjust . in principle , which presentsa ; direct . temptation to the . shedding of . innocent i blood ,. and which cannot fail to produce apernicious , ahd deagralisirig effect Oh the character ' of all p ' er . -
Bornean Pirates. On Wednesday Night A Pu...
gons engagedlm the -riaval service of the country and brought under its influence , " i ; >; Therpsolutionihaving been seconded by Mr . S . R WoouiEB ,, was also carriedwm . con . , >¦¦ : ¦ . ¦ A- petition to -Parliament , founded on the . foregoing resolutions , andito' be presented by Mr Cobden , having been ; adopted , thanks were voted to the chairman , andthe meeting '¦ se parated ;
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¦ .-;. V I ^Hursda-Yi January31st;':• ¦'...
¦ .- ; . v i ^ HURSDA-Yi January 31 st ; ' : ¦ ' ¦ ; . EOUSE : OP , ) LORDS .-The High' Court' ojf Parliament was thisday opened by Royal GohlniisBion , the ^ pmmiss ipnersvueingthe Lord . Cha'rieiellor ,: the Marquis ofrLahsdowne , ;; the Marquirof : Breadalbane , the Earl of Minto ; ahd , the ; Bish 6 p of London . The Lpyds' ; C 6 mmissibher ' s ' having , taken . their seats on the woolsack about two o ' clock a message wassenatethe- House ' ' 61 , ObinmbbsV ' summoning the Speaker and its members-to tHe'b ' ar , to hear the Royal Speech , read .- -Soon ' afterwards ^ the Speaker ; . entered . " .-accompanied by aiarge ; -body of roembers ofctbej lower , house ; iand the Commission foV : ^ 8 }!^ - -. JJar ^ iameiit , having . been read by ene ^ of the Cler ^ bW ;) ie table the Lord Chancellor ; read he * MajeifemSpeech , '' as- follows : —' ¦ " : - ; ¦ : i i
My L 6 ni ) 9 ANi ) . Gentlemen , '• ¦ " ""'' ¦ : /¦¦ si . We are commanded by her Majesty , to assure you that ,, her f Majesty ¦ . has * great sai tisfaction . in again ;< having recourse to the advice and assistance of her Parliament . ' The decease of her -Majesty Queen Adelaide has caused her Majesty deep aflliction . ' The extensive charity and exemplary virtues of her late Majesty , will always render her memory dear to the nation . Her Majesty happil y continues in peace and amity with Foreign Powers . " In the course of the autumn , differences of a serious character arose between the
Governments of Austria and Russia on the one hand , arid the . iSublime Porte on the . otheiv in regard to the treatment of a considerable number of persons who , after the termination of the civil war in Hungary , had taken refuge in the Turkish Territory . " Explanations which took place between the Turkish and Imperial Governments , have fortunately removed any danger to the Peace of Europe , which might have arisen out of these differences . - . ' ¦ <¦; " ¦ ¦; :
Her Majesty having been appealed to oh this occasion by . the : Sultan , united her' efforts with ' those of , the Government of France , to which a similar appeal had been made , in order to assist by the employment of her good offices in effecting" an amicable settlement of those differences , in a manner consistent with the dignity and independence of the Porte . Her Majesty hsas be ' e ^ p engaged in communications with Foreign States , upon the measures which might be rendered , necessary , by the relaxation of the i'ostHctions fi ^ imerl y imposed by the navigation laws of this counti'y
The Governments of the United States , of America , and- of Sweden , have , promptly taken steps to secure to British ships in the ports of their respective countries , advantages similar to those which their ' own ships now enjoy in British ports ; With regard to those Foreign States whose navigation laws have hitherto been of a restrictive character , her Majesty has received from nearly aU o £ them -assurances , which induce her . to hope . that pur example will speedily , lead to a great and general diminution of those obstacles which previously existed to a free inter- , course by ; sea between the nations of-. the
Wbrid . Jr } rjK < ¦ ¦ : ¦¦ : < - ¦< : 'v ;^ v -, <) : ¦¦ : ¦¦' ¦ ' : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦' ¦ ' ¦ ¦' - ¦ '• -. ¦ :, tri ^ ^ tiiEsummer'and . autumn of the pastyear the United Kingdom was again visited b y the ravages of the Cholera , but Almighty God , in His mercy , was pleased to arrest the progress of mortality , and to stay this fearful pestilence . Her Majesty is persuded that we shall best evince our gratitude , by vigilant precautions against the more obvious causes of sickness , and an enlightened consideration for those who are most exposed to its attacks .
Her Majesty ,, in her late visit to Ireland , derived the highest gratification from the loyalty and attachment manifested by all classes of her subjects . Although the effects of former years of . scacrity are painfully feltin that part of , the United Kingdom , they are mitigated by the present abundance of food , and the tranquillity which prevails ; Her Majesty has great satisfaction in congratulating you oh the improved condition of commerce and manufactures . . It is with regret
that her Majesty has observed the complaints which , 'in many parts of the kingdom , have proceeded from the owners arid occupiers of land . Her Majesty greatly laments that any portion of her subjects should be suffering distress . But it is : a source of sincere gratification to her Majesty to witness the increased enjoyment of the necessaries and comforts of life , which cheapness and plenty have bestowed upon the great body of her people . Gentlemen of the House of Commons ,
Her Majesty has dnected the Estimates for the year to be laid' before ' you . They have beeii , framed . ' with a strict regard to Economy , while the efficiency of the various branches of the Public Service has not been neglected . \\ . ; . ' . ! Her Majesty has seen with satisfaction the present Btateof theRevenue . \ My . Lords and Gentlemen , Some bf the measures which were postponed at the end of the last Session , for want of time for their consideration , will , be again laid before you . Among the most important of these is one for the better Government of the Australian Colonies .
Her Majesty has directed various measures to be '* prepared for the improvement of the condition of ' Ireland . ? ' The mischiefs arising from ^ party processions ; the defects of the laws regulating the relations of landlord and tenant , the imperfect state of the Grand Jury . Acts : and f ; the diminished number of electors for Members to serve in . Parliament ; will , together with other matters ' of serious consequence , form the subjects of measures to be submitted
for your consideration . Her Majesty has learnt with satisfaction ^ that the measures which have been already p assed for the promotion of the public health are in a course of gradual adoption ; and her Majesty trusts'that both in the metropolis and in various parts of , the United Kingdom , you will ; "be enabled to ? niake' further progress in the removal of evils which affect the health and well-being of her subjects . : .
. .. The favour of Divine Providence has hitherto preserved this kingdom from the wars and convulsions which during the last two years have shaken so . many of the States of the Continent -of Europe .. 'It- is her > Majesty ' s hope and belief that 3 by combining liberty with order , by preserving what is valuable ; and amending , what is defective , you will sustain the fabric of our institutions , as the abode and the ' shelterof a free and happy people . , The Lords '; Commissioners then bowed to the Speaker and members , of the House of Commons , who thereupon . retired , and : their lordships adjourned until five o'clock . ; .. . : ¦ : Their lordships resumed at five o ' clock .
Lord Brougham laid on the table a bill to consolidate and amend the laws and statutes relating to bankruptcy . .. ¦¦ :. ^' -: ¦ .. ' ..,,, Thb Speech . — . , t Hb ; i Addbbss . ' — The Lord Chancellor havingread'the royal message , The . Earl of Essex rose to move , the address ;' The noble earrcomm ' encedby / claiming ' the 1 indulgence , of their lordships for his . want of experience , and . then -:. ¦! ' ¦ " - - . ' -:: Hi- -: ¦ . ' - ¦¦' ' ' < ¦ ' ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ "¦ ' '
¦ .-;. V I ^Hursda-Yi January31st;':• ¦'...
proceeded to expatiate on the ^ ' topics alluded tbrh .-the royal message : Their lordships )' woiilB , he Iwis ' confident ; sympathise with her Mejeatyjri th ' e ; 16 ss ; which the country had sustained-Aaf . the-death bf SQueeii Adelaide ., ( Hear , hear . )/ Hewashappystosay , that our interference on behalf of Turkey ; had ; i been . 'attended with the most happy results . ; The ^ noblb ' eari commentedon the remaining portions of tlie speech , and concluded by moving the . iddress . ''' . _ , '• ' . l £ * . ' . i ' ; Lord Meihoen seconded the motion ^ and ih the course of his'speech deprecated the' violence of the language that had been employed by theProtectionist agitators . .. ¦ •
Lord BTBADBnoKis could not feel contented with tho , barren expression of regret contained : in the address , at tho overwhelming migerios suffered by the agriculturists . His lordship . proceeded / with a protracted history of agriculture , ; since , the . first I'stablishment of the corn law' . after the peace of 1815 , and concluded b y moving the folio wing amendment , . after the .. woras ; " commerceiand mahufac tures : — " That we . regret ,, howey . er , to ; be compelled humbly , to represent toyour : Majesty , that an-many p arts of thcUnited Kihgdom : ' and' especially in Ire-Iaiid , ; thb Various classes bf your Mafesty ' s subjects connected ; -with the ; cultiva tion' of- ' ; . the ; soil ' are labbunnguhder . severe *' '' diatreas ^ . mai ' nlyr applicable '
ifr'oar- ; opmidn , - ' ' 'toVm aggravatedsbyithe : pressure of local tas ^ tieW ? .- 3 S The Eiirl . of / I ^ SART . / seconded the ^ amendment , because . he -felfiVcohvihced that the interests of the landlord , labourer , and tenanc in Ireland were fast progressing to a state of utter , annihilation and , ruin . After some remarks from Earl Carlisie , Duke of RicnMOND , Earl Fitzwilliaji , Earl 'Gbanvillu , and Lord Brodoham , Lord . Stanley spoke ^ considerable lerigth ^ the Marquis of L ' andsdowme replied , and the house divided ; . the numbers were : —For the Address—Present , 86 ; Proxies , 6 G- —152 . For the amendment—Present , 69 ; Proxies , 34—103 . Majority for Ministers , 49 . ; the house then adjourned until Monday .
HOUSE OF COMMONS .-A few minutes before two , o ' clock , the . Speaker and several members entered the house , and immediately afterwards The Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod entered , and summoned the Commons to attend at the Bar of the House of Lords to hear the royal speech given by Commission ; The Speaker , accompanied by a great number of members , accordingly proceeded to the bar of the Houseof Lords to hear the royal speech . The Houe resumed at four o ' clock . New Members . —The following new members took the oaths and their seats : —Mi-. Standford for the Borough of Reading ; Col . . Chatterton for Cork ; Mr . Evelyn for West Surrey : Lord A . Lennox for Shorehatn ; Mr . Best for Kidderminster , arid Hon . D . A . Pelham for Boston .
Thb Addbess . —The Speaker then informed the house that he had been to the House of Lords , and obtained a copy of her Majesty ' s speech ; which he forthwith read-to the house , . Mr Vn-MEBs then moved that a humble Address be presented to . her Majesty , in reply to her most gracious Speech . There appeared to be . such a disposition to attribute the present circumstances of the country to that course of policy which he had endeavoured , for many years , humbly to advocate , and which had at length been adopted by parliament , that he should have thought , but foe that disposition , than no worse person than himself
could have been selected to move the Address . Confident ,, however , that the noble lord at the bead of the government would not abandon tho policy which he bad carried out , and agreeing , with the government in its general policy , he had no hesitation in asking the house to Address her Majesty in reply to the Speech from the Throne . ( Cheers . ) The hon . gent , then adverted to the foreign policy pursued by the government , and defended the . kind of intervention which this country adopted , which was that of peaceful intervention . ( Hear , 'hear . ) The result was that the country was more trusted , and stood higher in the estimation of other countries than it had ever - done in former times .
( Cheers . ) They had , shown the world that great liberty was consonent with the preservation of property and ; order , and that the greatest safety and tranquillityjareio be acquired by -yielding . in time to the voice / of public opinion . ' . . ' Thehori ; gerit . then adverteS to free . t ^ de ,-which Had not , ho said , as yet , had a fair trial , but which , as far as could be seen , promised soon to surmount the obstruction which had hitherto in ; some measure checked its progress . The business of ship building and that of shipowners were never in so prosperous a condition , the greatest activity prevailing in all our dock yards . Not only could they build ships cheaper than they could buy them , but foreigners found that they could build vessels cheaper in Our dock yards than in their own . Ho read a letter from a gentlemen , showing that the business of shipbuilding was increasing in the port oi Liverpool . . He had also a return from the port of Sunderland , exhibiting
a similar increase in the business of ship-building . He thought he had a right under such circumstances to congratul-tte the house-upon the repeal of the Navigation Laws , merely observing , that everything which had been foretold by the opponents of the mea-iurehad not been realised ; while all that had been foretold by its advocates had come to puss . ( A laugh . ) lie next adverted to the Queen ' s visit to Ireland , which had been attended with the happiest results , and the country was progressing , although , no doubt , there were still deep traces of the awful visitations the Irish people had endured . The necessaries of life were more accessible to the people , and the giving of out-door relief had not produced the evil effects which were apprehended from it . The decrease in the relief administered both to the indoor arid out-door poor was remarkable for its gradual progress and extent . ' Outrages and crime in general had diminished also to . an extraordinary extent . He next alluded to the reference made ir >
the speech to manufactures and commerce , which he was happy to say exhibited an improving aspect . The whole world appeared to be waiting the result of the experiment . triea by this country , and the circumstances he alluded to , showing that our manufactures and commerce were in a state of prosperity , was one of great importance . He had no doubt but many persons had their-confidence shaken in the principles of Free Trade by the demonstrations made by the Protectionists ' and other parties , whose authority was not without its weight . The announcement in'the speech came very opportunely , to set the world right upon the question . The hon . gentleman then argued at much length that all the predictions Of the Free Traders had , as far as the experiment was tried , been fulfilled . The time of trial , he was
aware was short—only one year—but still within the last sixteen months we had imported more corn than had been imported for sixteen years before ; and surely if any evil consequences were likely to result from such importation they would have ere now exhibited themselves ; instead of which , however , it appeared as if the condition of every class of the community was improving , and as if the labouring classes , both agricultural and manufacturing , enjoyed wages which enabled them to have more of the comforts of life ; 5 ; The difference in . the expense of feeding the people in dear and cheap times was enormous . • Taking the years 1847 and 1849 , there was a difference of £ 91 , 000 , 000 in the expense of the maintenance of the whole population . He was not anxious to ' make the people more discontented
than they were , and he would not go into the question as to the amount they had lost by keeping up high prices during a long period of time , but he believed no one could question the correctness of his calculation , by which he showed that they had lost £ 91 , 000 , 000 by high prices in the year 1847 . Mr . Vil Hers concluded his speech amid cheers . The motion , was seconded by Sir J . Duke . Sir J . Trollope moved . an amendment of that part of the address which referred to the condition of agriculture , and the complaints of the owners and occupiers of . land . He urged the difficulties experienced by those classes throughout the country , who felt that their complaints had been treated with levity and disrespect , and who had in a firm tone maintained their right to be heard with attention by the Legislature : 1 ' ' 1 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ..
The amendment was similar to that moved in the House , of Lords . . Colonel Chatterton , the new member for Cork , seconded the amendment . Tlio Chancellor of tho Exchequer was glad that on the first . night of the session the amendment moved by . Sir J . Tb . ou . opb , who called for a re-consideration of the recent legislative measures , would bring the great question to issue , whether Parliament should retrace its steps , or persist ; in that course of legislation to which he believed the
universal prosperity of the country was owing . Sir Chakles entered into various details , founded upon official docunfents , showing the augmentation of our foreign trade . Ho maiiftainod that the distress amongst ' certain classes of the owners ' and occupiers of land in sorae-jjaris of the country had been exaggerated . He read statements of tho imports of foreign and colonial ' produce , arid of shipping entered in < England ; pointing out how much the results were , at . variance with'the forebodings . of the Protectionists ; and he wound these statements up with an announcement that ; every branch bf the : . !¦ .-- , ; . h- : ' ¦ : ¦ ' ' . - ' ; :: "¦ "" v ''; ' ,:
¦ .-;. V I ^Hursda-Yi January31st;':• ¦'...
revenue had decidedly unproved , the result being thaUthero .-WAS . anifixcess 0 Q . f . wconio , * Qv . ei % . fixpend & turoforthe year tq f | £ 0 , 98 , 000 . ¦ Mr .-H . ? : HEriBERTi ^ and was replied to by Mr .-W—Fagan , and after speeches from Sir J . Walsh a'fldMt . BBRKBLEY on the motion of , the Marquis of IfRAJW ,, the debaters adjourned until this uay ^ and the house adjourned at-. twelve o ' ciockv ¦ - _ ;¦ ¦ - ; . ' % }; * ' :, \¦?; : ^ Ji - " / ,, C '" -
^L . ¦: J; . Chartist^ Abilities; J^' F^...
^ l . ¦ : j ; . chartist ^ Abilities ; J ^' f ^ >< j > i ' :, . io-mb / wiriuM kider .- "' - ' *• ¦ ' - • ' ¦ ' . - '' - ' - ¦ ' ' Dear ; . Sib , "~ I have much pleasure in forwarding you thesum of . lGs . i 2 d . —10 s . o & the amount sentrare the-, profits allowed on the . sale , of the Northern Star , paper , the remainder is the voluntary subsorip-, tions from a few of ffo . good ' and true men , -of Welhngbro , the whole " of Which is" to be applied ib the case of Macnamara ' s . action against ¦ Mr . O' Connor ; and ; I am' requested to ^ tate ; that the Chartists of this town , feel if ' td be adigin'ac et 6 their order , that "the above costs h ' aVo "" ' ¦ not " Been settled long ago ! : It is hot only shameful , but it is criminalj for Mr . O'Connor to-be called on to pay a nation ' s costs . It may . be ; well ; to add ; that in our opinion , the Chartists of England will not be an honest body ofmen , untiLthey . have liquidated the
several debts which they have contracted j and we believe the best possible way is , for every locality ' in which the Northern Star paper is taken , to elect " agents of theii" own choice , arid the profits to go to Chartists purposes , ^ instead of as how , being swallowed up by agents who are many of them Chartists only for : selfish interests . The - . Chartists of . Wellingboro' think it would - be ; better that two-thirds ' of the profits should cease entirely , . if . a system of this kind be riot generally adopted . . One-penny per ; paper going into the ^ pockets of . local agents , is of . no benefit to ' the : cause , or td ' tho . roader , and we " considerit to be a burden which' ought no longer to ' exist : we , therefdrej appeal to' the" Chartists gene- " rallyi to become their own agents , and apply the 1 profits . for : the furtherance ; of their own icaiise , Iwherbby . ; fifty pounds anji upwards . would come-ini ' weeklyv ; - > ' ^^ | ' v- f y- ^ ' .. . r ^ > ,, ¦ ....., :. - , ¦ 4 jDn . behalf . of the ^ rti ^ f We jim ^ vo ? ,. y--: . . " . """ ""' : "'" . '" , ;' ¦ " . " y . ' . ' ! . Yours , 'Ac 7 jr '" . ' : ' - . ' ., '" ' . " " ¦ ;; s -: ^ 'W . " vTestley . : " - ' , ' ¦ : •;• ... ¦ . ¦ . ¦ - . ¦ :- ¦; .... : ¦ . ¦¦ i-. ' .- : u .-:, ; . »¦ : ;¦ ¦• ¦ : . ¦¦¦ .- ¦ . -.-. ¦ A
, The Debts-.Op ; The " Chartist ' : ; ,...
, THE DEBTS-. OP ; THE " CHARTIST ' : ; ,.-.. .. . ¦ ASSOCIATION ; .,, ; ,. -Vi . r . ; TO THE EDITOH . ' OP .. THE KORTHERS STAR . ...... . Dear Sir , ~ There is something so veiy . serious in , contemplating the repeated calls made upon Mr . ' , O'Connor . for money that ought to be paid by the Chartist body , that I think every- ' person in the possession of the least approach to the common feelings of our nature must experience a degree of shame when made acquainted with the fact . * Expe-1 riencing that shame , rfelt that I could not act withi greater satisfaction to myself than commencing a > . subscription on behalf of iSr . O'Connor ,, ( or rather , Mr . O'Connor's position , ) and likewise for the Whi g , victims ; the result up to the present time ' I have , transmitted to Mr . Rider by the post that conveys ' this note , And I beg to state that I shall continue ¦'
to receive subscriptions so long as money is wanted , or-till the new organisation is consummated ,-and- " proper persons are appointed to : take charge of i monies subscribed for . the purpose here alluded to . ¦ > I would suggest to the new Executive , in order to , wipe away the foul stain at once , not only the pro-, priety of asking , but the justness of demanding , from every enrolled member of the Chartist Associ- atiori a trifling regular subsoriDtion , —and a trifle front each would : be sufficient' to meet Chartist ' liabilities .. Supposing such an amount as one half- penny per month was demanded of all who clairii to ; be considered Chartists , and only one-third of those from whom we have a right to expect support ac-,
quiesecd ; a sum sufficient for all the various funds would be the result ; Of course , this would be independent of the general expense fundi' There are many instances where parties could not be expected to fall in with this demand , these the local officers would recognise ; but on the other hand , there are many , who , if it was understood that something was demanded from each , would willingly pay a considerable deal more than the sum I have named ; in fact , I have had it expressed to me by those who can afford it , that under such circumstances they would do so . ' ¦ For myself ; I would make it a point of duty to pay for some of those who , I believe would be willing to pay if they were able .
Believe mo , Your fellow-labourer for man's emancipation , John Cook , Bookseller , < tc Upper Orwell-street , Ipswich .
Disastrous Affair On..The Gambia.—The Fo...
Disastrous Affair on .. the Gambia . —The fol-.-lowing is an extract from a letter of ah officer of the 2 d West India' Regiment , — " Bathurst , Gambia ,, Dec . 21 , 1849 . — " About two months ago a vessel ' belonging to a merchant here was trading'down the coast , near Biasso , about 100 miles to thesouth of us , when the vessel was , seized . / hy ' aparty-of 1 black i ' ellows , , who turned ^ put to be pirates , inhabiting an ¦' island at the mouth of the River : S . eba . ; . Some of : the crew were shot , one of whom was a Frenchman . The Governor here wrote an account to the Governor of Senegal , who sent a small man-of-war steamer , with same , marines , to assist us in - " punishing these < scoundrels , and retaking the vessel . The day . after ; she arrived here one , of our vessels , the Teazer , came
in ; so the Governor detenriiried on sending her with the Frenchman and a few of our men . ; The day after this the Commodore arrived in the Centaur steam-frigate quite by chance ; It was now Arranged that they should all go down . He had a number of marines on board , and , with sixty of our men , under Captain Hill , and Lieutenants M'Court and M'Laughlen , sailed for this place . ; The action was very short . As well as-1 , can make out , the outline is as follows : — " The Teazer . and the Ruby ( Frenchman ) having gone up , the creek where the island is situated , anchored off the . place where they were to land . The Centaur , being too large lo come up so far , sent up her boats , twelve in number , while she remained about three miles down . Captain Buckle of the Centaur , and-Lieutenant Selwyn , commander of the Teazer ,- then went in advance of the other boats near the shore , intending to demand the restitution of the vessel , together with the men
who murdered the crew , when , he was fired at . The ball took effect on Mr . Young , midshipman of the Centaur , dangerously wounding'him in the breast . The' Teazer and Ruby , together with the boats that had cannon , then opened a furious cannonade ; which lasted nearly , half-an-hour . The natives stood it without answering a shot . They then attempted to land from the boats , however the first that came near the bush which they ^ had to pas s through , received a volley which took great , enect , killing Lieutenant Crocket , commanding the marines , and dangerously wounding eight others ( sailors" and marines . ) They then withdrew , and our men'landed without further opposition , and after beating about for some time , returned to their vessels . The first boat was the only one under fire , unless you reckon the shot that wounded Young , and this single shot and the volley was the only firing from the enemy . The next day the party went ten miles up the creek , and recovered the vessel wi thout opposition or seeing a man . Thus ended the affair , "
Moore s Concentrated Milk . —This singular invention , which has furnished the subject of a report to the House of Commons , is prepared at one of Lord Talbot's farms , at Tixall , in Staffordshire . The patentee , Mr . E . D . Moore , of Arlington-street , London ^ who for many years held the appointment of ordinary medical attendant on the royal family , is trying various experiments with-a view to the application of the preparation to several useful purposes . Mr . Brande , the celebrated chemist , has analysed the preparation , and has made the following favourable report : — " I haye examined the sample of concentrated milk , and am happy to be able to make a favourable report upon it . It is neither alkaline rior acid , and I can find nothing in
it which"does , not belong'to genuine milk , except a little common sugar . " Hot water is employed to liquify the paste , one pint of which produces three quarts of milk ; and the preparation may be used in tea and coffee without being previously dissolved . ' It has been admitted for the use of the royal navy by the Lords of the Admiralty , and will probably form a portion of the stores of every ship leaving the British Islands ' . The joke about the new school of agriculturists being able to carry sufficient manure for a field in their waistcoat pockets is familar to all newspaper readers . In this invention , however , joking apart , the means are provided of enabling aman to carry his breakfast in his waistcoat ' pocket . Coffee , chocolate , and cocoa readv creamed >
and sugared , may be presented in a form so portable : that a tea-spoonful or t > yo , according to the size of the cup , only requires the addition of hot water to . make a most agi'ce ' able beverage . . ; Emigration to California . —The'barque John ; Calvin , of London , -510-tons register , Captain : M'Causland , sailed from Plymouth for San Francisco / Palifornia , last week . She is crammed full with an assorted cargo of general merchandise and British manufactured goods , including several iron houses ; > canvass tents , & c . About 104 passengers go out in ; her , 40 of whom embarked in the Thames , and tl » e remainder at Plymouth . They include merchants , } mechanics , carpenters , blacksmiths , coopers , & c . , '
Sir Henry Huntley , formerly governor of Prinoo . ; Edward ' s Island , goes out in the John Calvin with twenty or thirty miners , forming an expedition for the purpose of working mines in Upper Califonjii . Messrs . Fox , Sons , and Co ., were agents for tner John Calvin at Plymouth . , ;< . / ,: ; ; . ;; PRoa ^ LTTisxi bt iiie Ciiukcji .. 6 f-Romk . —At the ,-chapel of the Oratory ,. AlcesterTBtreet , lasfc . wee . k , ajfc , the opening of the devotion of forty hours ; prayer , ! Dr . TJllath orrie , Roman . Catholic Bishop of the . cen- ' tral district , was assisted'in the service by twentyattendants , who are now either priests or candidates for . priests ' . orders in the Church formerly clergymen in the church
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 2, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02021850/page/1/
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