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October 4, 1845, THE NORTHERN STAR. 7
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rfovtimi iHotommtg
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" And I will war, at least in words, {An...
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THE PRUSSIAN DESPOTISM. Tiie following a...
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THE LAND
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within that land was many a malcontent, ...
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PROGRESS OF AGRARIANISM it? AMERICA. (Co...
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Jfefcet fctfellfeence*
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AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks, wh...
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London Smixufikld Cattle Market, Monday,...
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Extraordinary Cures ix the West IxniF.s ...
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^ ait ftntpts;, &c*
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BAKKllTjrTS. (From Tuesday's Gazette , S...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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October 4, 1845, The Northern Star. 7
October 4 , 1845 , THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
Rfovtimi Ihotommtg
rfovtimi iHotommtg
" And I Will War, At Least In Words, {An...
" And I will war , at least in words , { And—should my chance so happen—deeds ) , With all who war with Thought : *' ' 1 think I hear a little bird , Mho sings The people hy and by will ba the stronger . "—Braos
The Prussian Despotism. Tiie Following A...
THE PRUSSIAN DESPOTISM . Tiie following article , slightly abridged irom the original , we copy from Douglas Jerrol < Vs Shilling Maga zine for October . It is the third of a . series of articles which have appeared in that Magazine under die title of " The Englishman in Prussia" : —
THE BCBEACCIUTS . The government of Prussia is thai of an absolute monarchy , the executive department of which is entirely in the hands of a bureaucracy . The bureaucrats are an organised body of civil officers ; and the secret officers are jirobably almost as numerous as the public ones . It will ience be understood that tlie whole machinery of government is carried on by these functionaries , established and sustained by the powers of a despotic sovereignty , and that the king and the bureaucracy act and re-act upon each other wiili an influence whicli may perhaps be as cvsteinatic as it certainly is habitual .
A popular representation and a free constitution have long been desired by the great mass in Prussia ; but as thiswould terminate tlie reign of the bureaucrats , they hare constantly opposed it by every power and influence tliev possessed , both direct and indirect , openly and jecretly , and up to this time with success . Nevertheless , ? he late King had found himself compelled by circumstances to promise all they wished to the people . At the Congress oi Henna , in 1814 , the following articles were agreed upon : — " 1 . A definite part in the legislature . << -2 . The sanction of the Taxes .
" o . iu-prescntation of the Constitution against an tndue interference on tlie part of the King or the Diet . " And this was resolved upon and carried , as a minimum for each state . After this the late King published the irell-remenibered document of the ' J 2 d of Hay , 1 S 15 . It con tained his solemn promise to give his people a constiration ; a promise , he it remembered , which was given in the rime of danger , when Napoleon was again threatening the kingdom . " That tlie p rinciples , " says he ( we translate his own words ) , " upon which we havegoverned may be truly handsd down to posterity through the medium of a written document , as a constitution of the Prussian dominions , and preserved for ever , we have decr * ed—1 st , TacfcshaUU a representation of the people . " Various other provisions fc-Uow , all in accordance with that first important declaration , and with a direct view to carrying oat such a purpose . And now it win be proper to address a word to the present lung of Prussia .
Frederick William III ., the father of the present King , hating made tlie above promts * in the most public manner , and never having revoked it in tho same public manner , did nevertheless leave it unperformed . Does it not , therefore , devolve upon Frederick William IV . to preserve Ms father's memory from the imputation Of having broken his -word , by fulfilling his intentions , and at the same time to satisfy the yet more pressing requisitions of the people at the present day 1 The promise was made hy his father as some return for tha blood shed at Xeipzig ; a promise to a people who had again redeemed his crown , which had been cast at the feet of Trance ; a promise made when his father was once more in fear of losing his dominions . Frederick William IV . has nevertheless declared to the states of Posen ( Sept . 9 , 1810 ) , that his father ' s promise does not bind him , because Ms father considered a constitution would not be to the
benefit of Ms people , and that lie-had given them another ( June -5 th . 1 S 2-3 ) , instead of it . Now , the fact is , that this oilier does establish provincial estates , and hold out a prospect of popular representation , to the very same effect as his first promise of the 22 nd of May , 1815 . It is therefore clear that this second law could not have been intended to defeat or supply the place of the first . It mill be evident , from what has been said , that some exposition and detailed account of the bureaucrats may he both curious in itself , and of importance to a right conception of the politics and government of the country . This desideratum has been supplied in several works , of mora or less completeness and daring freedom , of speech . The best and most courageous of these , however , which has appeared since the elaborate work by Welcker , is the volume recently published by Karl Heinzen , which is expressly devoted to an account of the functionaries in raestion . It is entitled " Die PreussiscIieBureaukratie , voii Karl Heinzen , Darmstadt , 1815 . "
Uut how could such a work appear in Prussia ? wul bo asked by all these who are aware of the enslaved condition of its press . Simply by the fact of the author choosing to be a martyr to his book . He iaiew very weU what would happen , and says so in his preface , and with yet more emphatic words iu the course of his - work . " That which makes man a slavo , " says he , " is the mean fear of a prison . But to be obliged to carry one ' s conviction into the grave is a greater punishment than a prison could he ; and to spread abroad one ' s free opinion is a greater happiness than the security to be derived from a pusillanimous silence . It is a duty and an honour to enter a gaol , when its doors are opened for rectitude and truth . Tie path to liberty lies through the prison . "
In his anticipations he was not disappointed . JUS book was instantly ordered to be suppressed , and he was obliged to fly the csuntry . But before saying move of Heinzen , or of his book , we will call ihe reader ' s attention to a few curious facts and doings , iUustrativeofthe working of secret policies . In 1 S 12 and 13 , whtn Prussia was humbled to the dust before the armies of Napoleon , tlie celebrated poet Arndt -ras one of the few patriots who "braved all dangers to recover the freedom of his country . Ho aud some others boldly went forth among the different states , notwithstanding the numerous spies who were creeping about in aU directions , and exhorted the people to rise in tho cause iii liberty . Arndt , by his spirit-stirring songs and persona ! eloquence , was more especiaUv tlie means of rousing
his countrymen , and this he did at the risk of his life . It was now that tha kiag promised to give his people a constitution and representation , and this he solemnly repeated at the Congress of Vienna , as previously explained . The Prussians fl » w to arms with enthusiasm . When peace was restored the people naturally expected the ratification of all these promises . Arndt and the other patriots , who had saved the throne , lived in daily hopes ; and meantime they opposed themselves to the spread of Trench manners and customs , adopted old German manners and customs , and talked loudly and happily of noble things to come . Frederick William . III ., however , remained silent ; there were no signs of the f alfilment of his promises . Arndt and his feUow-patriots continued to live in full hopes , and declared aloud their
expectations . Suddenly , in 1 S 23 , a bod y of police was despatched in all directions , and the patriots were arrested . Arndt , who was at the time a Professor of tlie University of Bonn , was seized , —his house taken possession of by the police , his papers and letters carried oif , his rooms sealed up , and himself thrown into prison . He was ^ tried for high treason , Hut though thCJ tiled all lllCilIlSi" HO SUCll thing could be proved , and he was acquitted . He was never told upon what grounds he had been arrested . He returned to his university , and resumed his lectures . But a letter speedily came from the minister , forbidding him to lecture , yet ordering that his salary as a professor should he continued . He could obtain no satisfactory explanation of this treatment . It was a great injury to his future prospects in all worldly respects , because he was prevented
from the principal source of a professor ' s emolument , which is the students' fees . Arndttookto cultivating his garden and educating his children . In this state he remained till the accession of tlie present king , in IStO , when , by an " act of grace , " the poet was restored to full libarty for the exercise of his powers . But , meantime , he had become twenty years older ! He had lost all the arrears of students'fees for this long period , which would have enabled Mm to leave good profits of industry to his children . These twenty years were clearly the period for the harvest of his life ; nearly all that had gone before had been employed in laboriously fitting himself for his office , and then down eomes the iron bar upon the very midway of his mortal course . Arndt bitterly felt the injusticeof his previous treatment , for which no compensation was made-, nor did it " teach him prudence , " for
at an evening party a few years ago , when a friend was congratulating Mm upon Ms restoration , Arndt , who was standing close within the hearing of a Prussian prince , slapped Ms friend significantly upon the shoulder , and answered aloud , " Ah , my dear boy , the murder was committed—I am pardoned in my grave . " But although the direct grounds of his arrest , and trial for high treason , had never been stated , an accidental circumstance some years since broug ht it to light . The grounds were the discovery of a certain letUr among his papers , which letter was evidently a reply to some communication of Ms onthesubject ofthepromised constitution . Andwho does the reader imagine this treasonable letter came from ? It was from the late King Hmseli 1 Yet the poet , now iu -very advanced years , has had no redress , except to be allowed to prosecute his labours as a professor .
About three months ago a traveUer—a stranger travelling in Prussia—was arrested at the Bahn Hot of Ais-la-ChapeUe , by the police . He was at once thrown into prison . The Staats-procurator ( Procureur General ) learned by an accident , eight days after Ms imp risonment , that an individual had been arrested at the Bahn Hof . He went to the superintendent of the prison , and demanded whether the information he had received was true . The superintendent answered that it was perfectly true . The Staats-procuxator desired to be conducted to his ccU forthwith . He was informed by the superintendent that he could not he permitted to do so , nor could anybody whatever be allowed to see the prisoner . The Staats-procurator , in great indi-mation and astonishment , wenthome and wrote President of tlie
totheHegierungs-president ( Eegeucy at JJi ) recounting to him aU the circumstances . Tha rRegierunsM'rcshlentreplied ^^^ eouia not S ivatlle Staats-procurator permission either to speak with tlie prisoner , or to see him ! The confounded Staats-procurator replied by citing the article of the law , according to which every individual arrested ought to be broug ht before the Instrucdons-Itichter ( Judje d'lnstruction ) within twenty-four hours . The President then replied finally that he had secret instructions from a Mg her authority , cfthenatnreofwMch hegaveaccounttono one . What becomes of the established laws iu such cases ! Here is dearlv the same power as a Uttrc de cachst ! We have since discovered ( thUsfiair was noted down on the spot » t the time ) that the individual arrested was a Foliift
The Prussian Despotism. Tiie Following A...
nobleman—name unknown—and he has been given into the hands of the police in Russia . The Prussian bureaucracy has its ori g in in the absotism of the Prussian monarchy , and is the natural concomitant of regal despotism and popular slavery . It is all-powerful , and irresponsible . The press dare not , and in fact cannot , attack it , because the C « nsor is one of the bureaucmtical body , and certainly one of its most watchful members ; justice docs not punish its misdeeds , because justice has no power over it , the " heads of the law" being also of that body . Complaints may be preferred publicly against any of its abuses ; but to what j-urpose , when those who are to decide upon these complaints are themselves bureaucrats ? '" AVe are governed , " said the Baron von Stela ( the minister who remodelled the governmentiu the old Prussian provinces ) " by hired ,
book-learned bureaucrats , who are without property , and have no interests at stake . Being paid , they strive to render their offices permanent , and increase their numbers and salaries ; being book-learned , they live only in the world of letters , and are ignorant of the actual world around them ; being without interests , they have no dealings with any other class of the citizens , ami may , in fact , be termed the Government Writing Class ' , " As they have no tangible property , the variousschemes and fluctuations of property do not affect them . "It may rain , " proceeds Von Stein ; " the sun may shine ; the taxes may rise or fall ; all laws of old standing may be obliterated , or remain as of old—the Writing Class cares nothing about the matter . The great vice from which our dear fatherland suffers , is the power < -f the bureaucrats , and the nothingness of the citizens . " Jvow , the ex-minister did not
mean to say that state oflicers should not be paid for labour performed , as well as any other class ; that a know , ledge of books was a reproach to them ; nor that having no interests and no property at stake , was , ill itself , to be denounced ; what he intended to show was , that all these facts and circumstances rendered them incompetent , or otherwise unfit to decide in many very important matters —while they do actually decide upon all important matters , however ignorant they may be of the subject ; nor do they seek or receive the advice of those practically engaged in and acquainted with such subjects . They transact their business with closed doors ; they frame laws , acts , and treaties , as they think fit ; their statements , facts , and arguments are not known , and "even their ignorance is not known , except by its results . " As to why a law is made—how it is made—and how it
worksnobody is responsible . If a law is discovered to be bad , and subversive of the effect intended , never mind—im . prove it , or make another ; do this openly , if there be no reason against it ; but if tlie change will in any way reflect serious discredit upon theframers or executors of the law , then make the change silently , and let the people find out the change as they may successively feel it pinch . The mischief that has been effected by the bad framing of commercial treaties , is in some cases quite as conspicuous as with respect to had laws . A commercial treaty being made hy writers who have no personal experience and no direct knowledge of the matter and question at issue , and consequently no foresight ; who have no property and private interests at stake to "fillip" their understandings " with a three man beetle ; " yet who , for all this , do not ask the advice and assistance of those who do possess the required experience and knowledge—such a treaty must at all times be liable to do the greatest injury to the commercial interests of the country . The treaty made with
the Dutch some two years ago is one striking instance . T h e Dutch knew what they were about , and chose thorough men of business to make terms . The Writing Class had no chance with them . Amidst all disasters , and while important laws or treaties are pending , no practical and instructed person can offer " a timely word of advice or warning , " no public measure being previously open to public discussion . It is only known when the deed is done , and advice or warning would be too late . Yet , notwithstanding all tills , the bureaucrats consider themselves always right . " One of the most pernicious principles of bureaucracy , " says Heinzen , "is that it can never be wrong—or dare be wrong . " For this reason , displaying as it does , a sense of its own insecure position , these functionaries are obliged to justify every error they commit ; every wrong is liable to caU for other wrongs to cover it up—every falsehood for other falsehoods ; every secret machination for other machinations . And the quiet and regular management of these matters is considered as subtle policy , and weU earning then salaries .
Heinzen ' s chapter on the " Bureaucracy and the Press " is a severe but perfectly fair exposition of the condition of the press in Prussia , The power of the ccusor is despotic to an extent that is at once infamous and ludicrous . His power actually extends to the circulars and advertisements of merchants and tradesmen ; wholesale tobacconists , dealers in eau-de . cologne , pastrycooks or . shoemakers , cannot send out a circular or print a few lines in a newspaper , without first " pointing the toe" to the censor , and submitting it for approval . His office is no sinecure , for he works away at a great rate in his duty of revision . Not only do authors and editors often resist ,
and attempt to argue and " show him that there is nothing really amenable to censure in certain passages he has expunged , but even wine merchants and wool merchants sometimes have " high words" with him . All to no purpose—down goes his scratch along the paper—out goes the passage ! This officer , moreover , is not always the best informed gentleman iu the world . An author had recently translated Dante ' s Dicinia Co-media- into German—Giittliehe Comod ' ve . The censor never having heard of the work before , refused his permission for its publication , alleging that "divine things should not he made the subject of a comedy !"
The censorship of the Prussian press has been well described in the Foreign Quarterly Review , and we caunot do better than make a brief extract in corroboration of what has just been stated from our own knowledge : —¦ "The censorship has different departments . There is a censor whose Dusiness in each town is solely with newspapers ; another 'looks sharp' after the pamphlets ; another takes care of the novels , and romantic literature generally ; nor is poetry by any means forgotten . But the newspapers are more especially the object of watchful solicitude . The Prussian government docs not consider the Censor a Suifieient power to keep the editors o £ newspapers within the bounds of ' a most undangerous
discussion of affairs , ' and therefore suspends over their heads a threat , like the sword of Damocles , that any slip of the pen may be visited by the loss of the license of the paper . So newspaper can appear in Prussia without a license , ami licenses are very difficult to be obtained , and for the most part are only given conditionally . But after all this care in the licenses , and making preliminary conditions , and the constant supervision of the censor ( who may erase anything he pleases , here and there , all over the printer ' s proofs , the gaps being ordered to be closed so that nobody shall know the alarming spots where an erasure was made ) , after all this , the editor , or other responsible person , is stiR amenable to the law ! " —For . Quar . Jlev ., Sos . Ixvi . aud lxix .
The remarks made hy Heinzen upon the military of Prussia—the " nation of soldiers , " as they sometimes call themselves , are of a kind which every country that possesses a standing army may find iu a certain degree applicable to its own arrangements for this department of civilUation . "Nothing , " says Heinzen , " presents a greater contrast to the culture of our times , than the rellection that the security of the statO Should StiU he UUSCd on a military institution ; an institution by which every independent power of man becomes a fault ; in which even the rudest word of command becomes reason , the blindest obedience virtue !"
One of the most curious and interesting chapters iu Heinzen ' s " Bureaukratie'Ms that in which he sllOWS how nearly all the public offices and officers have their private duplicates . The best idea we can convey of this chapter will be to give a paraphrase of a few official titles ; thus , suppose the foUowing to bo all Prussian titles—Controller of the Customs , Harbour Master , Commissioner of Alines and Manufactories , Overseer of PuMic Works , Post-master General , Village Post-master , Parish Clerk , Surgeon of the Royal Hospital , Beadle of the Parish , & c , then the list of offices would present the following duplicates : — ControUerof the Customs . Secret ControUer of the Customs . Harbour Master .
Secret Harbour Master . Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories . Secret Commissioner of Mines and Manufactories Overseer of Public Works . Secret Overseer of Public Works . Post-master General . Secret Post-master General , Village Post-master . Secret Village Post-master . Parish Clerk . Secret Parish Clerk . Surgeon of the Royal Hospital . Secret Surgeon of the Royal Hospital , Beadle of the Parish . Secret Beadle of the Parish . & C . & C . & c .
The above is a paraphrase , notmerely of a few titles of actual offices with their duplicates , adduced by Heinzen , but of several pages of such titles which he displays in a long list . They speak volumes as to the condition of affairs and the system of secret policies established by the Prussian bureaucracy . It amounts to an organised spy-system of the most universal character . The consequences to the author of such an exposition may readily be conjectured . The book was instantly ordered to be suppressed ; the police seized all the copies from all public libraries , and from all privatehands where they knew it might be found ; Heinzen was obliged to fly
from . Prussia—aud a few copies of his book , still remaining undiscovered by the police , were handed about in all directions , and read with avidity . To our certain knowledge , it has been read by most of the leading politicians in Berlin , including those in office nearest the throne . So much for " suppression , " even in an absolute Government—as if the free spirit of man really could be suppressed ! His body may be exiled , chained up in a dungeon , starved , or cut to pieces ; but to destroy his tongue during life is more difficult to effect ; more difficult still to snatch away his pen ; and to destroy Jus inward thoughts , impossible .
Heinzen offered to return and surrender himself up to the ministers of justice , if they would promise to have Mm tried by the laws of the CodeKapoleon . This , however was refused ; he was tried in his absence , found guilty of course , and sentenced , among otlwr things , to a year ' s imprisonment , whenever he should again set foot on his native land . The sentence was regarded as extremely light , and indicative of sundry wise alarms in Mgh quarters . "Prussia , farewell ! " wrote Ee ' snzen in reply . "The ship for my return is now in flames . I will seek for mys ; lf another home , and must increase the number of thy
The Prussian Despotism. Tiie Following A...
banished sons . A year ' s imprisonment would be a very small pi ice for the purchase of my return to the fatherland . But for me there is no longer a fatherland , where the nauseousness of slavery and villany would become my constant companions . "
The Land
THE LAND
Within That Land Was Many A Malcontent, ...
within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which lie bent ; The soil full many a wringing despot saw , Who work'i his wantonness In form of law . Byron . " A people among whom equality reigned , would pessess everything they wanted where they possessed the means of subsistence . Why should they pursue additional wealth or territory ? No man can cultivate mors than a certain portion of land . "— Godwin . "No one is able to produce a charter from heaven , or has any better title to a particular possession than his neighbour . "—Fatty . "There could be no such thing as landed property riginally . Man did not make the earth , and , though he had a natural right to occupy it , lie had no rig ht to locate as his property in perpetuity any part of it ; neither did the Creator of the earth open a land office , from whence the first title deeds should issue . "—Thomas Faine . The land shall not be sold for cuer . —AToses .
"There is no foundationm nature or in natural law why a set of words upon parchment should convey the dominion of land . "—Black-stone . " The land is tlie people ' s inheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , held it upon the title of popular ignorance , rathsr than upon any right , human or divine . "—Feargus O'Connor . " My reason teaches mc that land cannot be sold . The Great S pirit gave it to his children to live upon , and cultivate , as far as is necessary for their subsistence ; and so long as they occupy and cultivate it , they have the right to the soil—but if they voluntarily leave it , then any other people have a right to settle upon it . Nothing can be sold , but such things as can be carried away . " —Slack Jfawk .
" Every individual possesses , legitimately , the thing which his labour , his intelligence ( or more generally ) , which liis actiuitj ; has created .. " This princi ple is incontestable , and itis well to remark that it contains expressly an acknowledgment of the right of all to the soil . For as the soil has not been created by man , it follows from the fundamental principle of property , that it cannot belong to any small portion of tlie human race , who have created it by their activity . Let us then conclude that the true theory of property is founded on the' creation of the thing possessed , ' "—Fourier . "If man has aright to light , air , and water , which no one will attempt to question , he lias a right also to the land , whicli is just as necessary for the maintenance of his subsistence . If every person had an equal share of the soil , poverty would be unknown in the world , and erima would disappear with want , "—Jfike Walsh ,
" As tlie nature and wants of all men are alike , the wants of all must be equal ; and as human existence is dependent on the same contingencies , it follows that the great field for aU- exertion , and the raw material of all wealth , thecarlh , is the common property of all its inhabitants . "— JohnFraneis Bray . " What monopoly inflicts evils of such magnitude as that of land ? It is the sole barrier to national prosperity . The people , tho only creators of wealth , possess knowledge , they possess industry , and if they possessed land , they could set all other monopolies at defiance ; they would then tie enabled to employ machinery for their own benefit , and the world would behold with delight and astonishment the beneficial effects of this mighty engine , when properly directed . "—Author of tlit "Reproof of Brutus . "
Progress Of Agrarianism It? America. (Co...
PROGRESS OF AGRARIANISM it ? AMERICA . ( Continued front tlie Northern Star of Sept . 12 th . ) Social State of New York . —Amongst the arguments adduced by the National Reformers in support of their plan of restoring the Public Lands to the people , and gradually extinguishing landlordism , is that of the present wretched and degraded state of the landless inhabitants of large cities . Thus , in New York , we learn from authorities quoted by Young America , there ate , in a population of less than 400 , 000 , 58 , 000 annually receiving pauper relief ; 70 , 000 annually receiving society and charity assistance ; 50 , 000 annually receiving pauper medical relief ; that one in eight of all who die are buried paupers ; and lastly the city contains 10 , 000 prostitutes ! In an article quoted from the Tribune , the editor of that paper says , " There is hardly a day in which we do not receive applications from printers and others , entreating work on any terms which will keep starvation at bay . Tlie facts within our
possession warrant the estimate that there are at no tune less than 20 , 000 persons vainly seeking work in this city . We are assured b y the President of tho Journeymen Shoemakers' Association , that the wages of his fellow craftsmen in the city have fallen lower and lower , until now the great mass of them work at rates which will hardly keep soul and body together—not averaging over five dollars a week . There are a few empfoyed on nice custom work who do better , but the above is true of tho great majority . In our own trade ( printing ;) the average earnings of tho journeymen of our city ,, including those who do not work because they cannot get work , must fait short of 6 dols . per week , or 300 dols . per annum . The regular pay of day labourers in our city is , if we mistake not , 1 dol . rer day . Rainy days , severe cold weather , die , are of course excluded . It would be a . liberal
estimate to say that the willing labourer has employment four days per week , and earns 200 dols . per year . Out of this he has to pay rent , buy food , fuel , clothing , medicine , & c , for his family , often including six or seven children too young to labour , There are probably fifty thousand women in our city dependent on their own efforts for subsistence . One half these are engaged as teachers , house servants , & c-, and so can live while they have employment . The other half are employed as seamstresses , book-folders , in manufactures , & C ., at wages averaging less than two dollars per week . Thousands cannot by steady industry earn a dollar and a half per week . On this they barely exist while they have employment ; and when that Vails they must starve or do worse . Hundreds are annually driven to infamy and ruin by absolute destitution . "
The editor of the Tribune adds— "It is our deliberate estimate , the result of much inquiry , that the average earnings of those who live by simple labour in our city—embracing at least two-thirds of our population , —scarcely if at all exceed one dollar per week for each person subsisting thereon . Ou this pittance , and very much less than this in many thousands of instances , throe hundred thousand persons within sight of Trinity steeple must pay city rents and city prices for food , buy their clothing , and obtain such medical attendance , religious consolation , mental culture , and means of enjoyment , as they have . " This is horrible enough : let us now take the other side of the picture .
" llow the Monet Goes . — The following example of the progress of luxury in tho great cities , is published in a New Haven paper , in reference chiefly to what may be seen in New York : — ' In the bookstores of this city an unprecedented number of splendid annuals are to bo found , some of them as high as 30 dols .. This for a mere fancy book , is no mean sum . I saw fans to-day in a fancy shop , valued at 9 dols ., but Bonfanti . has them as high as SO or 100 dollars . They are beautifully ornamented with precious stones and oblong mirrors of the size of a dollar , and sometimes , in addition , a minute cold pencil and ivory
tablets on the side of the handle . Muffs are sold as high as 150 dols ., in Maiden-lane ; pocket handkerchiefs hang in Broadway windows at 50 to 75 dols . ; a flute of tortoise-shelf for 120 dols ., while Black , Tomkins and Ball , successors to Marquand and Co ., jewellers on Broadway , the day before New Year ' s , retailed behind their , counter fancy goods in their line to the amount of five thousand and ninety dollars ! So we go . This evening , near the same store , are seen seated two wretched looking women , with emaciated infants in their arms , begging for bread !'"
" Well , " we think we hear some bloated profitnionger chuckling , " if this is tlie result of your fine Universal Suffrage and Republicanism , after being iu practice so many years , what use would be your Charter to you , for which you are everlastingly clamouring ? " Gently , Mr . Profitmonger , the lesson that the present state of New York teaches us is , not that Universal Suffrage is worthless , but that it has never been brought into fair operation . Not that Republicanism is an evil , but that Republicanism has never existed bat in name ; otherwise no such overgrown dens of infamy and misery would ever have been permitted to grow up on the American soil , as this same pestiferous Babel—New York . The " Independence" was achieved in ' 70 , but the " Republic " has yet to beestablislied . The Americans might just as well be subject to British tyrants as to " Native " plunderers . The heartless , selfish , over-gorged luxury
of the New York profitocraoy , existing by the side ot the misery of the toilers and wealth-producers above described , is a crime against humanity , which ought not to be allowed to endure for a day longer , and will not be allowed to endure for an instant after the long-cheated many return to their senses . Better that this den of thieves and slaves—the slaves of wages and of want—should be given over to anarchy and flame , and the fate of Nineveh and Tyre be its doom , tbanthatthe lazy , gluttonous , brutal Jew should continue their accursed rule . We say this of cities nearer home , too , than New York ; cities greater in extent , older in crime , and whose miserable victims far outnumber those of New York . But the workingmen of Uew York have the remedy in their own hands ; let them exercise it ; let them use the Suffrage for themselves , and no longer for the heartless politicians of all parties , who
Keep the word of promise to the ear , And break it to the hope . Let them make a veritable Republic ; let them insist upon the land being given to the landless , and drive the bloodsuckers to honest labour , or the devil . Tun National Reformers continue their weekly meetings , and , besides the central meeting , are establishing ward meetings , and ward organizations , for the purpose of agitating their principles , and also preparing against the fall elections . Mr . Bovay , the eloquent secretary to the association , has gone on a mission into the Anti-Rent district for the purpose of propagating the principles of the Reformers . The fate numbers of Young America contain letters from Mr . Bov ay , describing his success , which has more than exceeded his expectations . He is traversing Albany county holding large meetings , his audiences everywhere according their assent to the principles
Progress Of Agrarianism It? America. (Co...
and objects of the National Reformers . Amongstthe new adherents to the association , we notice a Mr . O'Connor , editor of the Irish Volunteer , who , at a meeting holden on the 20 th of August , said : — He came not to teach , but to learn . Though a young disciple in the cause , he had watched the progress of the association since it commenced , and finding its purposes just , had joined it , as in duty bound . Tho measure of this association is finding its way , because those who have watched its progress for nearly two years have seen that the men who havo pushed it on are men who have a handicraft , and consequently a deep interest in the rights of labour , those who arc converted b y these men , will stick when converted . It is no wonder , said Mr . O'C , that this cause should claim my sympathy , who , in my native country , have seen whole villages levelled , and men
driven from the portals they had been familiar with from infancy , by a system of landlordism . I believe , said he , that soon you-will have thousands engaged shoulder to shoulder in this cause , without respect to party . What have the parties done , except to increase taxes and distribute offices , while the labourer is sinking step by step into abject poverty ? The party that will take up the measure of this association , that party we should stand by and vote for , but no other . 1 , said he , argued this measure at all points with your secretary , and at last became convinced , and have since convinced many others ; and I can assure you the cause is going on gradually , and Hint soon a state of things will come to pass , when , instead of wanting handbills to call a meeting , you will want officers to keep the passages clear , and have speakers rushing to the platform to proclaim that the land given by God to man ,
should be kept out of the hands of speculators , and appropriated free to actual settlers . ^ Loud cheers . ) The time is not distant when those who oppose this measure will only be wretches who cannot feel for common humanity . Go to Europe , and see the situation of the toiling farmer raising produce that he is not allowed to eat , while a few yards distant is the half-starved operative singing over his beer pot that » Britoas never will be slaves . " Now is the time to avert such a fate as this from the producer of America . Every member of this association suouli become an apostle iu the cause . Little is to be expected from the press till the people are informed . It is too much occupied with offices in and out of the Custom House ; whose prospects aro bright aud whose not ; who
is headed off , ana who ought to be headed off , the building of new prisons and alms-houses ; while thousands of men are begging employment even at fifty cents a day . But men of mind and influence have had their attention drawn to this subject by the efforts of this association ; men from whom trading politicians and time-serving presses will take their cue . These men can see that the larger our alms-houses , the less will be our dignity as a republic ; that there is no good reason why men ' s lives should be shortened by privation and suffering ; that here there should be no paupers ; that all should bo freemen ; and soon your presses will be loud in proclaiming these truths , and soon your platform will be filled with men who will be anxious to convince you that they have always entertained such sentiments . ( Loud applause . )
Tub Trades are moving , but like the trades in this country they move slowly ; never mind , the advance of machinery , and increasing tyranny of competition , will make them move quicker bye and by . At a late general meeting of the New York Trades , Mr . Bovay spoke at great length in support of the freedom of the public lands . His address was received with great enthusiasm . The following are extracts : — Labour lias from tho beginning been enslaved : whatever progress man has made , has been through slavery . In earlier ages it was the simple direct slavery of pure force : " No long circuit of means" was employed to reduce tlie labourer to servitude . His body was at onco declared to be property , and he a thing subject like Other things to law of trade . This form of slavery has
not been abolished as is so generally supposed , even under our modern civilization , but with a few rare exceptions it has decayed ; it is simply out of fashion , obsolete , for the most part , dead . 'Where there is any vestige of it left , no doubt it is most revolting to our moral instincts , simply because its direct , downright way of doing things is somewhat opposed to the circuitous zig-zag ; paths whicli civilization takes to accomplish its ends . In the course of time another form of slavery has also arisen , flourished , and now , over most part of Europe at least , fallen . It chained man to soil whereon he was born , made him a fixture to real estate , declared , in fact , land to be tho principal and man a mere incident—an accident . And yet , as in the more primitive Chattel slavery , so in the Feudal , thtre was some rude connecting link , even if it were only by iron chain and brass collar , between the master and his slave . Says Mr . Carlvle : "Gurth , with the brass
collar round his neck , tending Cedrie ' s pigs in the glades of tha woods , is not what I call an examplnr of human felicity ; but Gurth with the sky above him , with the free air and tinted boscage and umbrage around him , and in him at least the certainty of supper and social lodgings when he came home— -Gurth to mo seems happy in comparison withmanyaLancashire and BuckinghauiEhircmnn of these days , not born thrall of anybody . Gurth is now ' emancipated' long sincu ; lias what we call 'Liberty . ' Libarty , I am told , is a divine thing , Liberty , when it bccomM the liberty to die by starvation , is not so divine . " Sucli simple , and in some considerably qualified sense , patriarchal relations are now past , this long time , and the labourer throughout the greater part of the civilized world , though called " free , " is reduced to be the slave , not of man , but of a thing , of a heartless , soulless , merciless monster named " Capital , " which Knows no conditions but those which are writtan iu its bond . If the
condition written be " a pound of nesh , " a pound of flesh it will have ; if a human body or a human soul , nothing short of the body or the soul will satisfy it . Its courses are insidious , subtle , and past finding out . Having , through its doctrines of " jMissez . Fairs , " " Supply and Demand , " & c , brought at last great part of the labourers in Christendom down to a point very littla above starvation , it is now seeking successfully to turn them oil altogether , not to graze but to starve , Human labour is to be dispensed with hereaftsr , and elemental labour is to supply its place . Capital says now to that dark , frowning mountain yonder , " I havo work for you to do ; " and straightway the immense mass , which has held it * place impregnable since the beginning of time , becomes melted into red liquid iron , and through various cunning influences begins to assume
forms of cylinder , piston , and connecting rod , Hill finaUy that black old mountain stands in well-adjusted , elegant machine , ready to do whatsoever work is demanded of it . The individual labourer will , of course , strive for a time to keep his place , aud battle for existence with this machine , but elemental labour is too strong for an arm of flesh , and shortly he is ousted of employment and turned away to die . Do 1 object to the introduction of machinery into the province of human labour ! Assuredly not . It is one of the most remarkable evidences of human dignity mid progress . But it is that , after he has been thrown out of his accustomed employment by machinery , tho labourer should , without any provision for his support , be remorselessly cast off to die—this it is to which I take exception , I rejoice that now , instead of paddling up and down the coast in a rude hark canoe ,
with cargo , at the best of untimned skins aboard , man is able to command that oak forest and hemp field iu language irresistible , to carry for him this polished cutlery and these delicate muslin stuffs into remote Chinese seas ; but I humbly opine that the moral and social condition of the human family should be iu some degree improved by it , and not made incomparably worse . True , the producing classes of this country are not sunk so low as those of Europe , but they are subject to the same social and commercial unwritten laws , and under their operation they are sinking with fearful rapidity . Is there under the sun any remedy for thisl The question is now fairly up , demanding in earnest tones immediate consideration and it will no ) be postponed until African slavery in the south is settled , nor fer any manner of question whatever . The free labourer of this North ,
wrestling with unseen , fiendish powers , calls aloud that most immediate attention be paid to his necessaries , "Behold , ( 13 , M 0 of my brethren are sunk below the condition of labour into absolute pauperism , in this city of New York alone , " and again we are brought back to the question , " What shall be done ! " Wo have in this country an easy , simple , and effectual way of doing certain things , established on purpose for the convenience of the people : it is through the "ballot box . " In my opinion it is the labourer ' s only hope , and I undertake to say there is one question now partially before the people of this country , falling necessarily to the decision by ballot , which , if justly settled , would once and for ever on this Continent emancipate labour from the thraldom of capital , and establish " a fair day ' s wages for a fair day ' s work . " It is a fact seldom , almost never dwelt upon ,
that in course of time all things which are upon the earth , or under the earth , or in the sea , susceptible of it by nature , have , in the hands of man , or by fiction or intendment * f law , been reduced to the condition of property . Man himself has not been excepted from the rule ; tllC elements , which it is evident from the Bible , from the nature and wants of man , and from his position here in this world , the Creator designed to be and to remain free for ever , are at last all monopolized , so that from the highest pinnacle of Mount Blanc , 15 , 000 feet or so ,, to the lowest Tempe valley in broad Europe , there is not a rood of earth destitute of its parchment coveringall to the darkest , deepest " Trosarch ' s Jaws" is covered over with the patents and title deeds of society , and time has hallowed the possession . Truly in these last days , as of old , " the foxes have holes , and the birds of the air have nests , but the son of man hath not where to lay his head . " I hold it to be self-evident , that man has a natural ri ght to tho occupation and enjoyment of a portion of this earth , and the first command whicli I find
given to him in the bible , though not in the form of a command , is in substance , that ho shall go forth and work upon it . Again , in the institutions of the chosen people , abroad distinction is taken between the possessions in land and those things fashioned by the hand of man , which w « call " personal property , " fur while these , tlie transient , the perishable , were not to go back at the jubilee , it is provided that " the land shall not be sold for ever . " Modern Governments , however , not only assume to "sell the land for ever , " but also—by what right I am at a loss to determine—they confer dominion over it to the individual , not boundtd by his wants or his ability to enjoy , but by his lust and ambition alone . T . hus Nor . man William gave , all the lands of England to 700 of his freebopting barons , and three-fourths of it is owned by three thousand families to this day . Herein is he solution of that problem which has so long , in its-general atpact , puzzled the political economists ; whence comas it that the wealth of that nation rises just in proportion as ita labourers sink into poverty and destitution ! To
Progress Of Agrarianism It? America. (Co...
millions of Ihe people of England access to the soil , without revolution , is impossible ; employment then at some rate they must have of capital or die . Machinery comes in to do the work of man , children do the work of women , and constant increase of numbers aggravates their helplessness . Still employment tlicy must hare ; and from such employment ' good Lordjdeliverus ; " nota horse , not an ox , willing to work in the united kingdom but what is better paid ; it is such as enables Great Britain to command for her products the markets of the world , by underselling every other people ; and thus is the gold and silver tide settillgfrom far and nsar toward the " fast anchored isle . " After manifold Chartist insurrections the people of England are now fast coining to the conclusion that
nothing short of an outlet to the land will answer , and they are calling aloud for the restoration of the common lands , stolen heretofore by a partridge-shooting aristocracy . In this country , we , the National Reform Association " , turning away from the cultivated and appropriated earth , take our stand on the public land ? . We ask that these lands shall be disposed of under something like the following plan , which is no contrivance of ours , for the present condition of agriculture seems alread y to have decided what is right and practicable concerning them;—Let territorial governments be enacted over them , and state governments in time . Let them be divided into counties , townships , sections and quarter sections as now , and let every man who will live upon it . come and take , without
money or without price , one of tlicsc quarter sections ( 100 acres ) not already occupied , which shall remain to him and his heirs for ever ; but in every township at least the most eligible section ( one mile square ) should be reserved and laid out witli proper discretion and care into free lots for Hie inhabitants of a . village ; and , lo prevent the accumulation of great possessions in land , the inevitable result of which is to deprive thousands of the enjoyment of any , it should be provided that no title to more than one farm or one village lot shall ever be recognised in any man . To this extent , then , would land be property , subject to all its laws and incldenfs , but no further .
Every man in such a state wouldbeborna freeholder , which would of course give him a material independence for all time . There undoubtedly would be the employer and employed , but no abject dependence ; there would be wages , but no " slavery of wages . " Forthwith , were this great measure carried , the tide of human life , instead of setting as now steadily towards the cities , would turn itself toward the sotting sun : and three generations hereafter should sec in that valley of the Mississippi , swarming with its tens of millions , the most industrious , most virtuous , most intelligent , and , in the aggregate , tho most wealthy community whereon the sun evar shone .
Jfefcet Fctfellfeence*
Jfefcet fctfellfeence *
Lokdos Corn Exchange , Monday , Seit . 29 . —The arrivals of'English wheat up to our market during last week were on the increase , but those of barley , malt , oats , and all other grain of home produce , were on a very limited scale . Of Irish oats the receipts were tolerably good : the imports of foreign wheat and oats very extensive . The accounts which have readied us to-day from the North of England are to the effect that , notwithstanding the comparatively unfavourable weather lately experienced there , barvest work is progressing , somewhat rapidly , though a larger portion of tlie wheat and other grain has been carried in very middling condition . Fresh np this morning rather an increased supply of English wheat came to hand coastwise , as well as by land carriag « and sample , chiefly from Essex and Kent . The
stands were in consequence well filled with parcels of both red and white ; yet , as the attendance of London and country dealers was large , the demand for that article was very . steady at fully the advance obtained in the currencies on Monday last , and at which a good clearance was effected by tho factors . The show of free foreign wheat was , comparatively speaking , limited . The best qualities sold briskly at extensive rates , while other kinds moved off steadily at full prices . For corn under lock for export , the inquiry was by no means so active as last week . Nevertheless . the importers would not sell except at fully the late improvement in tho quotations . Very few parcels have been entered for home consumption at the 17 s . duty . We have had very few
parcels ot iMighsh barley offering , and the SNOW ol foreign was again small . Malting and grinding sorts sold freely at very full prices , but distilling kinds were a slow sale . The best kinds of malt , which were scarce , were in improved request , and last week ' s rates were well supported . The middling and info rior sorts were in sluggish request . Notwithstanding the immense arrival of foreign oats , a good business was doing in all descriptions , and late rates were sustained in every instance . A few parcels of foreign beans were taken for shipments . Tlie demand for most kinds of English was firm , at the improvement in value noticed last week . White peas were dearer , but grey and maple were a slow sale , but not cheaper . Flour moved off slowly at unaltered currencies . In seeds very few sales were reported .
CURRENT PRICES 01 ? GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED IN MAHK-LAKE . uiiirisn grain . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat Essex & , Kent , whitc , new .. 50 to UG .. CI to 70 Ditto , red 52 02 .. 51 CG Suffolk and Norfolk , red .. 55 CO white C 3 5 Lincoln and York , red .. 55 01 white CO C 5 Korthwnb . and Scoteh . . . 55 03 Rye 29 32 Barley .. Malting .. .. .. 31 83 extra — Distilling .. .. .. 25 SO Grinding 25 27 Malt „ Ship .. .. .. ' .. 54 ' 58 Ware GO C 2 Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , 22 s 6 d to 24 s Cd ; potato , or short , 24 s Od to 28 s Od ; Poland , 28 s Gd to 27 s 6 d ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , i' 5 s 6 d to 27 s Od ; potato , 28 s fid to 29 s 6 d ; Irish feed , 22 s Od to 24 s Cd ; blade , 22 s 0 d to 24 s Od ; potato , 23 s Od to 2 Gs Od ; Gulway , 21 s Od to 22 s 0 d . lloans .. Ticks .. .. .. .. 38 ii Harrow , small .. .. 33 44 Peas .. "White 41 48 boilers 54 58 Gray and hog .. .. 43 4 fi Flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk .. 42 J 8 TowiMiiado ( persackof 280 lbs 48 5 C Buckwheat , or llrank 30 32 ENGLISH SIEDS , & C . Red clover fper cwtO 40 to 70 White clover ( per cwt . ) .. .. .. .. 45 74 ltapeseed ( per last ) £ 26 28 FOREIGN CHAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Free . In Bond . Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 60 extra 70 .. 48 — 55 Ditto ditto .. Gl — C 4 . .. 42 — 47 l ' omeranian , itc ., Anhalt 59 — 07 .. 43 — 47 Danish , Holstein , & c , .. 57 — 03 „ -13 45 Kussian , hard .. u S 3 — 07 Ditto , soft .. .. 53 — 59 .. 40 — 44 Spanish , hard .. .. 59 — 00 Ditto , soft .. .. 01 — 05 .. 44 — 48 ItaliaiijTuscan , ibc ., redC 2 — 48 Ditto , white .. .. C 4 — 70 .. 46 — 51 OdessaifcTagam-og . liardSl — 57 Ditto , soft » .. 51 — 5 'J .. 39 - 45 Canadian , hard .. . 57 — GO Ditto , flno .. .. Gl — C 3 Rye .. Russian , Prussian , ic . 28 — 30 Barley .. Grinding 26 — 31 Ditto , distilling .. .. 31 — 34 .. 19 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 Ditto , brew anfl thick .. 24 — 57 .. 17 — 21 Russian 21 — 24 .. 15 — 18 Danish < b Mecklenburg 20 — 23 .. 14 — 17 Beans .. Ticks , 33 to 39 , small .. 37 — 44 .. 32 — 43 Egyptian 30 — 35 .. 28 — 31 Peas .. White , 40 to 5 G , gray .. 42 — 4 G Flour .. D & ntsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , fine 28 32 , superfine .. .. 31 — 3 G .. 21 — 24 Canada , 31 to 34 , United States 32 — 38 .. 21 — 2 G Buckwheat 30 — 35 Mustard . seed , brown ( per bushel ) 0 s to 14 s ; white , 10 s to 15 s . Linseed cakes ( per 1000 of 31 b eacli ) £ 11 to £ 1110 s . FOnEIGJf SEEDS , A'C . Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petersburg !! and Riga ( free of duty ) .. 42 to 45 Archangel , 40 to 43 , Alcmel and Konigsberg 40 44 Mediterranean , 40 to 46 , Odessa .. 44 45 Itapesecd ( free of duty ) per last .. .. £ 24 2 Q Red Glover ( 10 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on tho duty ) .. .. 40 C 2 White ditto .. .. .. „ 45 C 8 Tares , small spring ( free of duty ) 31 to 33 , large .. 40 — Linseed cake ( free of duty ) , Dutch , £ 7 10 s , £ 3 10 s i ' rench , per ton .. .. .. .. .. £ 7 ID , £ 815 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) .. £ 5 £ 5 5
Average Prices Of The Last Six Weeks, Wh...
AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 25 th of September to the 1 st of October . . WheatBarky Outs ., Bye . Beans Feus . Week ending St dl Sl dl Sl dl Bl dl 6 l ^ s - dl Aug 10 , 1 S 45 .. 57 0 23 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 39 7 Week ending - Aug . 23 , 1845 .. 57 0 29 4 22 2 34 4 41 2 39 11 Week ending Aug . 30 , 1845 .. 5 G 6 29 9 22 8 S 3 4 41 8 38 i Week ending Sept . C , 1843 .. 55 10 30 . 0 22 4 95 7 42 1 3 C 9 Week ending Sept . 13 J 1845 .. 54 1 31 8 23 10 33 5 42 0 30 5 Week ending Sept . 20 , 1845 .. 52 G 31 0 22 3 33 2 42 10 37 0 Aggregate aver , age of the last six weeks .. 55 G 30 2 22 6 33 11 4110 37 10 London averages ( ending Sept . 23 , 1845 ) 57 6 SI 2 22 3 33 10 43 0 43 10 Duties .. .. 17 0 8 01 6 0 3 6 X 0 4 6
London Smixufikld Cattle Market, Monday,...
London Smixufikld Cattle Market , Monday , Sem . 29 .- —The past week ' s importations of live stock into London have been again extensive , they having amounted to 61 oxen from Hamburgh ; 100 oxen and cows , together with 477 sheep , and 10 calves , from Rotterdam , the whole of which have come to hand in good saleable condition . To-day wc had on offer 71 oxen and cows , and 150 sheep , which moved off steadily at previous quotations , 'ihe supply of home-fed beasts was very extensive , even tho time of year considered , yet their general quality was by no means first-rate . The attendance of butchers being somewhat numerous , the primest Scots , Herefords Devons , Ac , commanded a ready sale , at fully ^ but at nothing quotable beyond the currencies obtained last week , viz ., from 3 s . 8 d . to 4 s . perSlbs . In the middling and inferior breeds of beasts only a
London Smixufikld Cattle Market, Monday,...
limited business was transacted , yet prices were supported . From Lincolnshire , " Leicestershire , and our other northern districts we received 2 , 200 shorthorns ; from the eastern counties 300 Scots , homebreds , and shorthorns : from tho western and middling districts 500 Hereford ' s , Devons , runts , Irish beasts , itc . ; from other parts of England , 3- > 0 of various kinds ; from Scotland , 130 Scots ; and from Ireland 00 beasts . Tlie arrivals of sheep still fall considerably short of those at the same time in 18-14 , owing to which the mutton tvatle to-day was very steady , particularly for long wools , and previous rates wore obtained by the salesixcn without difiicully . Lamb being now quite out of season , wc have discontinued to quote it . The veal trade was rather slow ; in some instances prices had a dowmvard tendency . 1 igs were a brisk sale at higher prices .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . T , s . d . s . d inferior coarse beasts . . 2428 Second quulitr . . ' " 10 3 a Prime large oxen . , 3 4 3 fi Prime Scots , ic . . . . 3840 Coarse inferior sheep , . 3034 Second quality . . 3640 Prmii coarse wooilcd , . 4240 Prime Southdown . . 4 S 5 n Large coarse calves . . 8 lo 4 C Prime small ... . 4 8 4 10 Suckling calves , each . . 18 0 30 0 Large hops ... . a ( 1 4 0 Neat small porkers . . 4 2 ; ¦; 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . 16 0 23 U
HEAD OF CATTLE ON SALE . ( From the U . ioks of tho Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 3 , 853-Sheep , 2 f ., 740-CaWcs , 13 S-rigs ,. " 05 . Liverpool Catti . k Maukkt . Monday , Sept . 2 i ) . — The supply of cattle at market to-day lias been smaller than last week , the principal part of secondrate and inferior quality , with a numerous attendance : of buyers . Beef 5-Jd . to Cd . Mutton Od . to Oitl . per lb . Richmond Cons Markkt , Sept . 27 . —Wc had a tolerable supply of grain in our market to-day . Old wheat sold from Ss . to Ss . Od . ; new do . ( is . toSs fid . ; old oats , 3 s . 3 d . to 4 s . ; new do . 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . id . ; barley 'is , to 4 s . 3 d . ; beans Hi . Od . to os . 9 d . per bushel
Lkkds Coax MAnKET , Tcesiuy , Skit . 30 . —There is a fair arrival of wheat , but a short supply of other articles ^ for this day ' s market ; the demand is less active for wheat to-day , but we note no alteration in its value since our last report . Barley continues scarce , and now begins to ho wanted ; it brings full prices . Beans are fully as dear . In oats or other grain no alteration . Lekds Cloth Makkkts . —Oh Tuesday , there was a . falling off in the . amount of business . it tlie White Cloth Hall , while in the Coloured Cloth Hall there was a disposition to improvement . Business at the warehouses is in a pretty brisk state , and mamilacturcrs aro rather busily employed . Compared with this period last year , the amount of manufactured goods is greatly iu favour of the prcscntscason . Trices remain ilrra , : md iu sonic descriptions of cloth all Upward tendency is manifested .
Extraordinary Cures Ix The West Ixnif.S ...
Extraordinary Cures ix the West IxniF . s ry Homoway ' s Pills and Oistmkst . —Junc . 'lrd , 18-14 . —Mr . Lewis Recdon , of Guoree Town , Demerara , writes that Mr . Ilolloway ' s fills and Ointment have cured bad legs that no doctor could manage , ulcers and sores that were of the mostdrcadfuldescription , as likewise leprosy , blotches , scales , and other skin diseases of the most frightful nature . The cures cif ' ected there by these wonderful medicines arc so numerous and extraordinary as to astonish tho whole population . Tlicy cure bad complaints with ease and certainty when every other moans have failed . These invaluable medicinesare in the greatcst ; demand in the East and West Indies , and , indeed , in all the British Colonies .
Piqua Plant—The following are reasons why tho Piqua Plant is superior to Tea , viz : —1 st . Because it is beneficial to health . 2 nd . It does not injure the nerves . 3 rd . Children may use it with advantage to health . 4 th . It does not prevent sleep . 5 th . A quarter of a pound will go as far as three quarter of a-pound of the best Gunpowder Tea . Oth . It is strengthening and nutritious . 7 th . It Is recommended by physicians , and tea is disapproved of by them . It greatly improves the voice ; it is recommended to Singers and Public Speakers . —See Advertisement .
^ Ait Ftntpts;, &C*
^ ait ftntpts ; , & c *
Bakklltjrts. (From Tuesday's Gazette , S...
BAKKllTjrTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette , Sept , SO , 1 S 45 , J Robert Hughes , of 115 , Piccadilly , upholsterer—Georgo-Alfrcd Paine , of 31 , f Iigh-strcct , Illoomsbury , church clock maker—William Webber , of llorndcnn , Hampshire , yrocer— . lames Ilayner , of Itomrhtnin , Norfolk , licensed victualler—Samuel Manning , ot" IT , Ncwnuxn-street , Oxfordstreet , stone-mason—Gaorge Edward Xoonc , of -i " , ' Euststreot , Manchester-square , engineer—John Gibson , of 20 , Motcombe-strect , Helgravc-squarc , oilman—llichard I ' reeman , of 22 , Edward-street , l ' ortinan-square , hosier—James Warwick , of Thveadncedlc-street , City , and of Enfield , Aliddlcsex , merchant—Eliza Harry , of llristol , victualler—William Jarmnn , of Wilton , Cumberland , chemist-James Thompson r . nd John Thompson , of Leeds , stoclcbrokcrs—Hobert Sbanklin , of Salfurd , Lancashire , druggist—John Hughes . of Manchester . provision dealer— 'llhomas lloberts , of Liverpool , coimnissiun agent .
DIVIDENDS DECLARr . D . George Fisher , of llradfurd , first dividend of Ss . in the pound , payable at 14 . llishopgatc-street , Lueds , any ^ lay , on and after October ( J . Lepton Dobson , of Leeds , woollen cloth merchant , final dividend of l ^ d . in the ijound , payable at It , Uishopgutestreet , Leeds , any day , on and sifter October 0 . John Kainbvidiic , of Uiehvnoud , Yorkshire , h-onfounder , first and final dividend of 1 h , I 0 Sd . in fJiu pound , jiavablc at 11 , Bishopgntc-strcctj Leeds , any day , on and " after October C . William Clarke , of Sheficld , builder , first dividend of 3 s . in the pound , payable at 11 , llishopgatc-street , Leeds , any day , on and after October 0 . Thomas lloiser Jlonckman , of Bradford , tobacconist , final dividend of 0 d . iu the pound , payable at 1-1 , iiishounite-strcct , Leeds , any day , on and after October 0 .
Jacob Xewton , John Ward Newton , and Vraneis Newton , of Itotherham , Yorkshire , spirit merchants , first dividend of fis . Sd . in the pound : also a dividend of 20 s . in the pound upon the separate estate of Jacob Newton ; also a dividendofTs . iii the pound-upon the separate estate ot " John Ward Newton : and a dividend of Is . 6 \ 1 . in tho pound on the separate estnte of Vrancis Newton , payablu at 14 , llishopgate-etrcet , Leeds , any day , on and " after October C . James Wood , now or late of Leeside , Yorkshire , merchant , first dividend of 'Js . Cd . in thu pound , payable at 14 , iiishopgate-strect , Leeds , any day , on and after 0 cto « berli . John Mcars , of Leeds , grocer , first dividend of 3 s . 4 d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Comniftrcial-buildiugs , Lwds , a \ ij day , on and after October 7 .
DiriDE . NbS TO r . E DECLARED . At the Court of Bankruptcy , London . William Lee , of Cliai'ing-cro . ss , hosier , October , 23 . at twelVQ—Kobert Ifowland , of Thame , Oxfordshire , auctioneer , Oct . 23 , at half-past one—Hewitt l ' ysh Turner , of Myddlcton-stroct , Clerl ; cnwell , pninlcdbaizu manufacturer , October 2 : ) , at two—William Crosby , ftenjamiu Valleutiuc , and Benjamin AVhite , of llouudsditch and Leadenhallstreet , City , and of llirmiiigham , hai-iwareuien , October 23 , at half-past eleven . In the Country . William Joseph W .-irdell , of Pickering , Yorkshire , wine and spirit merchant , October 24 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Joseph Ilowden , of Wakefield , ironfounder , October 24 , at eleven , at the Court of iiankruptcy , Leeds —J . Campion , W . Campion , and 11 . Campion , of Whitby , ship builders and bankers , October 31 . at eleven ,
at the Court of Bankruptcy , Leeds—Charles TilYimis , of Dnrlaston-green , Staffordshire , Hint grinder , November 19 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—Ambrose Brookes , of Newport , Shropshire , scrivener , December 9 , at eleven , at tho Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—James Watson , of Carlisle , grocer , October 22 . at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Ne-vvcastle-upon-Tyno —William Hall , of Glnypath , Durham , grocer , October 22 , « t twelve , at tlie Court of Baufcruptcv , Newcastleupon-Tyne—John Coodchild Ballistcr and James May Butteriint Newrick , of Sunderland , grocers , October 22 , at eleven , at tho Court of Bankruptcy , Ncwcnstlo-upou-Tync—Thomas Clifton , of Bernard Castle , printer , October 22 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastleupon-Tyne . CEMlVieATES to bo grunted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting .
Ile / . ekiah Denby Coggan , of 3 ' J , Friday-street , Citv , warehouseman , October 22—Charles Day , late of 1 , Buckingham-street , Fitzroy-squarc , chemist , October 21—William Giles , of Brighton , boarding housekeeper , October 21 —Thomas Itevcly , jun ., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , plumber . October 21—Thomas Clifton , of Barnard Castle , Durham , printer , October 22—Thomas Barlow , of Sheffield , grocer , October 22—John Aldcroft , of Longsight , Lancashire , licensed victualler , October 23—John Lea , jun ., of Liverpool , wine merchant , October 21 . Certificates to be granted by the Court of Review , unless cause b « shown to the contrary , on or before October 21 , Antonio Nicholas Armani , ol' 3 , Scott ' s-yard , Buslilaue , City , merchant—John Smith , of Itugelcy , Staffordshire , money scrivener—William Hay , of Liverpool , and New Ferry , Cheshire , provision merchant .
PABTKEnSUirs DISSOM'ED . Thomas Jones and Charles Stephens , jun ., of Newtown , Dlontgomcryshirc , mercers and drapers—William Leavers and Kdward Brown , of New Basford , Nottingham , machine smiths—William Smith Dowell and James Dowcll , of Sunderland , joiners—Mary Younghusband and Hannah Haswell , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , milliners—George Bower and Christopher Willis , of Tokenhousc-yard , attorneys-Thomas Mills and Joseph Wignall , of 1 ' iverpool , victuallers-Itichard William Lightup and George Lightup of i Jewry-street , iUdgate vellum binders—William Windsor Fisher and Wiliain Frederick Wratislaw Bird , of ' 0 Kimrstrcct , Cheapside , attorneys-Thomas Keanett and J . A . Gregory , of Chatham-place , BlacUfriars , attorneys-Mary Uurditt and Lucy Burditt , of 4 ' . ' , Ludgate-hill . milliners—John Glutton , Thomas George Waller , Michael Cooper , and Henry V . Marshall , of 48 , liiglt-strect , Southwark , iV ,- V ,. M , . sex-cou k . I > attorneys-EYnn Morris , Ellis and Thomas
rhillips , Francis , of Wrexham , Denbigh , fellmoiigers—Thomas Morgan Nash and llenrv Gardiner , of Bristol , oil and colour merchants—William Stevens and Thomas Wfnterhotliain , of Great ¦ Dover-street-, Ncwmgton , victuallers—Owen Owens and Bills Hughes , of Salfcrd , Lancashire , chemists—Daniel Elias and Thomas J . Halsal . of Chorley , Lancaster , cotton-spinners—William Allou and Antony Harrison , of South Shields , tallow chandlers—John Gurney and Samuel Chapman , of Lambeth-walk , Surrey , brewers—Hobert Johnson and Frederick Campblc , of Alanchostc ^ travcllmg drapers—James Thomas Wheatley and Thomas Turpin , of 31 , Commercial . road Lambeth , lightermen—Edward Seppings and Charles Jones , of Swaffham , Norfolk , and Norwich , land and estate agents —Thomas Charles Burgon and Charles L Barnwell , of Great Saint Helens , City—llichard Norman ' Stephen VkUlips , awd Jolva Burton , oi 2 , Sew Broad Ktreat ' ( so far as regards llichard Nonnanf-James Southe ' and nSerf " ^ V , of 191 , Tcclcy-street , Sout & ark ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 4, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04101845/page/7/
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