On this page
- Departments (2)
-
Text (12)
-
KEASONS FOR THE FEDERATIVEThe society he...
-
KEASONS FOR THE FEDERATIVE TT SION BETWE...
-
Spirit t»f tlje $Jms.
-
(From the Spectator,) High treason in it...
-
The Suspected Socialist.—A young servant...
-
DKXEft TO THE ME.MBER FOR ItOCUDALE. lhS...
-
THE TUAITOR GEOliGEY. The following deta...
-
The Puintek's Atiikx.eum.—>liss Glyn (la...
-
A NARRATIVE BY A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ...
-
3Uto l-ntettiffttitt
-
COURT OF EXCHEQUER. SIILI.KU V. SAI.OMOX...
-
Electric Telegraphic Communication. — Th...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Keasons For The Federativethe Society He...
December 13 , . 1851 . ^„ — — - » -- »» ¦ THE NORTHERN 8 TAR
Keasons For The Federative Tt Sion Betwe...
KEASONS FOR THE FEDERATIVE TT SION BETWEEN THE EMPIRES 0 F GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNI TED STATES OF NOBTH AMERICA *
( Concluded from our last . ) flTjiat can the nations of the earth desire moiv than to have a good and valuable char ier formed for them , a superfluit y of sufe ^ wealth annually created , to be surroumled by external objects whose influences cpo u them shall be always for good and sever for evil , to "be united cordiall y to all their fellows of every clime and colour , to l > e federatively united , nationally at fiW that they may be ultimately more stron < %
united by one language , one interest , ; md one universal object , —namely , to promote to the LTeitcst practicable extent the liawpiiicss of all sentient beings on our globe , iu order that goodness , wisdom , charity , and love may ro . g » supreme over the iiuman race -mil ihat the animal creation may "enerallv le treated hy man Avitli the considerati on anil macy due to fellow-beings , whose existence aw l qualities lmve l » ee « , like his own created k > r them , evidentl y that they umv also gaj . iy their existence . "
But it is only through the federation of nations that these superior and greatly to be desired results can be attained . The world must be at peace , with no one io make any one afraid , before these allg lorious results can be accomplished . And the federation of nations c . * m alone g ive this peace ; whilo , to make it permanent , the knowled ge how to form a good and superior character for all , and to create wealth continually in superabundance for all fe equally necessary .
This knowled ge having been discovered nations may i \ o \ v proceed in strai ghtforward practical measnres to give peace , knowledge , wisdom , wealth , and happiness , to the human race , with one condition onl y that may forei short time be disagreeable to the few who have been uufortnnatelv trained to lord it over the many ; but tin ' s prejudice and mistaken notion of happiness will be obliterated . -is soon as measures shall be efficiently put into practice to train and educate men to become rational in mind and conduct
And the time is now arrived ia the due order of nature for this training and education to be generally commenced ; but not bv the slow and isolated processes of universities colleges , and schools ; hut b y the free newspaper press and electricity . Let man over the earth be now taught by these means tbat the time has arrived : — When all may be trained and educated to become good , intelli gent , and valuable members of a rational-made universal societ y . When substantive wealth can " with ease and pleasure , even . -is a pastime to its producers , be created in abundance for all .
When men and nations can be cordially united iu interest aud feeling , without jealousy or desire for individual privileges or for any superior personal consideration . ° Wheu the circumstances -which have hitherto created evil may be altogether replaced h y those which will create good . When the habitations of men may be al made superior , and when tho land around them may be made fruitful and beautiful . When slavery and servitude may be made to cease from the human race , and he trans , ferred to mechanism , chemistry , and the other sciences .
W hen all shall be occupied in assisting each other tx > advance iu every kind of improvement—physically , intellectually , morally , aud practicall y . And when , in fact , swords may be turned into ploughshares , and spears into pruning hooks : aud every man may sit under a vine or fig tree , and there will be no one to make him afraid . The more the subject is considered the more numerous and greater are the reasons for the immediate commencement of tbe federation of nations . The science b y which to form a good character from birth through life has been discovered .
The science hy which to create wealth , as a ! pleasure and pastime , in abundance for all , has been discovered . The science by which the human race may be united as one man has heen discovered . The science by which individual ambition , all desire for individual privileges—the causes of and the remed y for jealousy—has been discovered . The science which makes evident the cause of the p ast and present ignorance , irrationality , insanity , and mad contests , of the human race , and the remed y for them , has heen discovered .
The cause of and the remedy for the obstructions which prevent the unity , peace , and happiness of the human race have heen discovered . And , therefore , the path is open for the immediate commencement of the federation Of nations , beginning with the federative anion of Great Britain and the United States of North America .
If there are men whom the past experience of the human race has prepared now to hetame rational , they will immediately unite to ijay the threatened insane contests between Despotism and republicanism — to terminate oiscevd , ignorance , poverty , evil passions , and bad habits ; and to open the eyes of the haman race to enable them to discover the strai ht and easily pursued path to unity , per-I'Siual progress , and hanniness .
And , also , to discover with how much ease the present insanity of all nations may be overcome , and all of them made to become rational . The cause of the ignorance , superstition , poverty , disunion , evil passions , vice , crime , - ' mtcs-ts , wars , and misery , is the insane notion ihat man forms his own qualities and powers , s : id directs his conduct by a free-will of his o ^ n creating ; and hence the past and present gross irrationality of the human race in Europe , Asia , Africa , and America . Hence , with , the most ample means to produce permanent prosperity and happiness for all , tbe almost universal adversity and Huserr of all .
Is this insanity to continue for ever ? — -or are there now a sufficient number of men uad women with-moral courage equal to the Crisis which has arrived in the civilized portion of the world to say— " Stop - ' We are in a wrong course ' . Our fundamental principle s a palpable error , and has led us far astray from the truth and ri ^ ht . Let us call the mention of mankind to calml y consider the found ation on which they now form tbe character of all from birth ; on which they con - struct society ; on which the authorities of the V > orld have devised existing institutions ; and h' which they are now compelled to govern tue populations in all nations by force , fear , aad fraud . "
Yes ; the question is , — can the requisite number of men and women be now found , W 1 th sufficient moral courage to speak and I »« bli sh the truth , and abide h y it to the death , ln Opposition to the present wretched p rincipalities of the world , aided by the stup id ignorance which superstition and mistaken gov « rnments have forced into tbe minds of the ^ "y led millions over the earth ?
Are there sufficient number of men and w Omen to form aE 0 C j et y to promote the feder ation of nations and the union of individuals JJJ . ^ "aal and scientific principles , to reran ? r ? "" ¦ countries the cause of ignocum ^ ? ' ^ verty , crime , and had cir-SSSoTK onler & " tne sufferi ° S of StZI Si V ** " * of the ricb ' ¦ " * prance of both may be overcome ?
Keasons For The Federative Tt Sion Betwe...
The society may he entitled , iustly to express its objects , "The Universal Federation < wa Union Societ y . " n . ^? e h 3 Pamrt Brandl for Europe to be established in London . P The Central Parent Branch for America to be established in Washing . Ihe federation of nations and union of all individuals m a cordial co-operation to aid in lac easing the happiness of every one without distinction of class , sect , party , country , or colour , is the legitimate result of the great fundamental principle , — B
Ihat the qualities and powers of each one of the human race are formed for them by he ^ reat Creating Power of the Universe ; aud that from the birth of the individual , those qualities and powers are well or 511-direcled according to the good or evil circumstances b y which society surrounds the individual through life . " The GREAT TRUTHto be made known to the nations of the earth is , — " That the means are now ampl y provided to enable all governments to commence new measures to surround all within their Government with good , virtuous , and superior circumstances only ; and thus to secure to
every one , a good , virtuous , and superior character from birth . And that a reall y virtuous , good , consistent , and superior character I ir the human race cannot be formed by any other means . " And the circumstances which can alone create this character for all are those which will enable society to well-em ploy , unite , and govern all , with the certainty and simplicity of the laws of nature . Thus will the causes which have heretofore produced and which now produce ignorance , idleness , poverty , disunion , evil passions , and all crimes , with the miseries which these
errors create , he peacefull y , gradually , and effectuall y removed from around mankind . And who will be injured b y this change from all that is erroneous in princi p le and most injurious in practice , to all that is true in principle and most beneficial and beautiful in practice ? The new arrangements which will arise under this change will include the highest
perfection of mechanical and chemical powers and ingenuity , with the rarest and most advanced artistic skill and taste ; in order that this chaos of confusion which now covers our earth may be gradually , at no distant period , transformed into a terrestrial paradise , a fit abode for the superior-made beings to inhabit ; and that the character and external circumstances may be made to be consistent and in accordance with each other .
And when the fundamental princi ple on which societ y must be based to make it hecome , rational shall be so well-understood as to enable the public mind to trace its necessary consequences in practice through all the ramifications of society , the population of the world will at first be astonished and confounded with the simplicity and ease with which ths change will be accomplished .
ROBERT OWEN London , Jermyn Street , Nov . 22 , 1851 .
Spirit T»F Tlje $Jms.
Spirit t » f tlje $ Jms .
(From The Spectator,) High Treason In It...
( From the Spectator , ) High treason in its grossest and most criminal form is the crime which Louis Napoleon has perpetrated—the high treason of a low-minded adventurer . Courage is libelled when its name is applied to the heartless audacity of this " new way to pay old debts . " It is not only insurrection against the law and the constitution , but against every principle , every feeling , and every interest of the country . Even the pretence of imitating " mon oncle " is but a disguise : the counterfeit iJonaparte covers himself with a shield which would be a cheat even if it bore the bar sinister on its face . It is nothing better than the sequel of Strasbourg , Boulogne , on a grand scale ; only that , being officially in possession of resources more considerable than the bools
of " my uncle , or a tame eagle , the adventurer is able to command success—at tbe outset . But what lies heyond ? The project has in itself no appearance of plausibility . . Louia JSapoIcon has made no appeal to any party in the State ; for even the Bon . ipartists must be ashamed of the infamy , the low-bred outrage , committed in their name . The wholesale arrests with which he has cleared off all opponents that could be caught have included all parties alike , from Legitimist to Red—from Berryer to Michel de Bourges . He has seized the generals of the army— " the Africans , " the Hoches , the -Massenas , aud the Murats of the present day ; hut in tho army , to say nothing of its Republican sentiments , there is many a young Lamoriciere and who must
C . ivaignac , many a BeJeau and Ch . irras , be enraged beyond forbearance when they hear that so many of themselves , having attained th « highest posts of chivalry , were cowardly surprised in the niuht by armed police , were packed up like clothes for the wash , and ignobly carried off to prison . Louia Napoleon has no unitary glories to boast , except the unauthenticated inheritance of a name which his actions refute ; in default of Austerlitz or Marengo , of Egypt or Italy , he falls back upon the sausages and champagne of Satory ; but we have yet to learn that a French army , descendant of those which followed Sapoleon shoeless and hungry , can prefer champaigne to old victories , or sausages to the memories of the field . Much of Louis Napoleon ' s scheme is necessarily dark to us , as dark as the beginning was when the adventurer
was concealing tho treachery of the dawn under the gay gambling of the night : but we have seen him before . At Strasbourg , his invention began and ended with the boots and a row in the inn yard ; at Boulogne , after he had shot the lieutenant in cold audacity , he had nothing farther to advance in justification ' of that brutal bloodshed—brutal because idle . His latest act has been likened to tbat of Cromwell in dissolving the Long Parliament , and that of Napoleon on the 18 th Brumaire ; but they had a settled policy , they embodied areal power , they had some state motive . Louis Napo Icon ' s atrocious act of land piracy cannot be compared with their coups de main , which wero real strokes of State . " None hut himself can be his piralle !; " none hut waiters , blacklegs , and hangers-on of saloons his sympathisers . His adventures can have no real hold on any section of
Frenchmen . Some confirmation is given to this conclusion drawn from the internal evidence , in the fact that ths protests against him are marked and significant . We say nothing of the edicts by both sections of the Assembly , or hy the London refugees ; nothing of the summons appear before the Uigh Court of Justice ; nothing of the insurrection in the streets ; hut the letter from Mole , venerable and moderate , claiming , to bt- reckoned with bis colleagues in arrest—that of Leon Faucher , moderate and " respectable as zt . Eii ' - 'lish bank director—both signify that tbo * -e
men are conscious of strong support from public opinion . Both letters speak the sentiments of large and miniftious classes , to whom neither cannon nor draeoonina will apply . What does M . Achille Foiild , creditor and Finance Minister , say to such portents against his chief and proreoe ? Wa suspect that the worthy banker begins to thinK tliat pir-iev u not a safe commercial speculation , and that in his pt-rson the Hebrew race has for once been duped on a gigantic scale . Citaline is the parallel that occurs to every one . But it is a libel on the Roman . Catalino was a
roue , a reckless libertine , a bravo . But there was - ¦ some patrician spirit in the fellow ; there was , depond upon it , something to be said , even in his camp , about the degenerate " party in power , " over whose judicial debates Cicero could throw such a gloss . The parallel holds only in its baser traitsits abandoned recklessness , its nocturnal outrage Bat perhaps the niuht surprise was only a fiction of Cicero ' s- The " attentat" of the 2 nd of December belongs not to political but to criminal history . It can " scarcely have any but an ignominious end .
The Suspected Socialist.—A Young Servant...
The Suspected Socialist . —A young servant a-. r \ at Dijon was in the hahit of reading her master s ae * spacers every morning , to the great dissatisfaction of her employers , who , suspecting her of being a socialist , told her finally that they did not » wh to retain her longer in their employ . But , Monsieur , " answered the girl , " a friend of nunc h as taken tickets in the Lyons lottery , and I have read your papers only to ascertain whether ihenum ; hers h ave been drawn . " - " What we tbe numbers ? -Here Ley are , Monsieur , " - 'They are drawn , Jl , friend has gained 50 , 000 francs . " - Eh
hi ™ » Monsieur , my friend is myself-so goad Dye . ? 3 CatSe took herself off without even waiting A X ;« hpr wazea . She said to her mistress , 1 ES 25 IWRi « 8 r *» ' - " " < ercepitr 4 -M ,. a-y « It- nrnfP = sor of Greek literature m the Uni-^• JS &&& ** « Satwdaylast ' h 19 residence , Rwo Park , Trinity .
Dkxeft To The Me.Mber For Itocudale. Lhs...
DKXEft TO THE ME . MBER FOR ItOCUDALE . lhS h n ° n 3 tit ntsof M" ^™ a » Crawford gave nlh- P ? hK ra re P rese " at * ™ a public dinner SaS 1 C , £ ll ,, c , ld : ll ° <» F » "iny evening , December oth . The honourable gentleman had B S ' nouneed Ins intention to retire from public life at he close of the present Parliament , and tho elec TtZT T ? - *? * ° » ttfy U , e »' se " ^ . in this wav , of the high estimation in which they held his se ' r vices . Mr . William Chad wick presided . 1 he principal toasts were- " The Health of Mr . Crawford , " " the Health of Mr . lM-ut , " aud ' Successto yje members of the late Anti-Corn Law Leasue . " All the toasts were received with great oheenag ; but Mr . Crawford , having addressed the meeting at great length on the previous nay , giving his annual explanation of his Parliamentary conduct , did not speak at any length . Mr . Bright was received with much cheerino Middwelt at somekngthupon Electoral Ik-form .
Mr . Cobdks , M . P ., responded to the toast buceess to the members of the late Anti-Corn in * Lea-jue . Having eulogised the parliamentary career of Mr . Sbarman Crawford , who he said uas one of the most disinterested and true hearted imnota it was ever his fortune to meet , Mr . Oooilen thus described our representative system and tha way in which elections take place in this country . You return j-our member frea of expend —without expense—without soiicitatiou—without . 1 personal canvas ? . L ) that tbo mode in which
elections are generally carried on in this country ? *\ ° * . -Ihe first consideration with mauv constituencies is how they shall find a member who will hear to be fleeced , —that is , "How much shall we he able to sell ourselves for this time ? " The price difiei-s materiall y . St . Alban ' s sold itself , I believe , for £ 2 , o 00 ; that is its figure , and I think it verv dear at the money . ( Cheers and laughter . ) Hut there are Parliamentary agents in London—Mr . Coppock made no secret of it—Parliamentarv agents who have a regular tariff of prices—how much it will cost to bo returned for the boroughs on a list beginning with Abingdon and ending with Yarmouth , and I should not exclude either of those two boroughs from the list of thoso who have had tariff * . First of all , there must be a round sum paid to gorge those leeches in the shape of—sometimes from Scotland they are wofessional men .
wao fasten on a constituency—four or five lawvers , if there happen to be four or five boroughs grouped together ; or there may be some ' MVaggetts " I think they call them at St . Alban ' s , and he manages , after gorging half the constituency , to have a little balance left over unpaid to some score or two of venal voters in the borough , probably for drink supplied ; and the consequence is , that when the next election comes on , these parties come to get their money paid , and they say , "Can't you find a customer who will pay off the old arrears V' And accordingly he tries to find a man who will not only pay his own bribery , but pay the old score of the man who ran away without paying his shot . ( Laughter . ) Well , having eot his
return in that way , then come other claims upon him . lie is expected in very many cases to subscribe to the annual races ; the " Members' Cup " musk bo run for . ' It is a very old custom , Sir , and I assure you , Mr . Soand-so , it would be exceedingly injurious to your parliamentary influence here if you did not ' subscribe for tho Members' Cup ; it is a very old custom . " ( Cheers and laughter . ) So he must support the races . Then there is a race-ball which ho will have to contribute to , or perhaps he will be expected to take a few tickets for distribution among his friends in the boruogh . After that they are importuned to subscribe to charities in the borough , or if there is a subscription got up in winter
to supply clothing or coals to the poor , the members are called on first . Individuals , if they have any case of want or necessity arising , go to the member , as though his purse was that of Fortunate , and had no bottom to it . ( Laughter . ) Well , the result is that it first of all leaves the representation of this country to rich men—very rich me » , because uule .-s a man have some large sum at the banker ' s , or some land which they can mortgage , he cannot stand for these venal boroughs . ( Hear . ) Well , but it does more ; it places the man who goes to Parliament on such terms in this predicament ; he
says , " I have been sacrificing the money of my famil y ; 1 have been trenching on my future income , mortgaging my estate , I must see what 1 can get out of the Minister for supporting him ; I must see that 1 don ' t lose by this . " They make merchandise of you immediately , and having bought you , naturally go and sell you . { Cheers and laughter . ) Then I tell you how ' it operates on the tactics of Parliament . Sometimes you will see accounts in the papers of a crisis—a " Ministerial crisis" is the phrase ; and you will find that there is some question on which the government expects to be in a minority . There is known to be »
malority in the house who are bound by their convictions to vote in opposition to some measure on which the government has staked its reputation , and therefore it is expected that they will resign . I will tell you what the tactics are : —The government tells their wipper-in to send out a ' circular to all their usual supporters to come and ace them in Downing-streot . The members go down thora to a large room , where the Minister of the day gets on a chair and addresses his friends and supporters , and tells them it is his duty to persevere in the course which he has undertaken , and he should regret exceedingly if for want of support he should find that he was no longer able to carry on the affairs of government , and be obliged to resign , so that he is
determined to stand or fall hy the measure which he has proposed . Well , then , no sooner are we dismissed than the whisper g 068 rOUhd tliat tllC Minister intends to appeal to the country . Very well . Now what do you think arc the feelings which come across tbe mind of a man who has been fleeced at St . Alban's , or Yarmouth , or Abingdon ? For all the world it is as though some one stood over him with a bludgeon and preparing to demand his money or life ; " £ 2 , 500 , or vote for the Ministry . " ( Loud cheers and laughter . ) And in sheer apprehension , in doworight dread of this enormous fine that will he entailed upon him if he goes down for re-election , in order to escape this present of £ 2 , 500 , or whatever is the amount his
election may have cost him the year before , he doubles up and packs up his conscience and votes against his convictions to keep the Ministry in power . ( Cheers . ) So that by tho very fact of your having robbed this candidate when he stood for his election , you deprive him of his conscience and independence inasmuch as he is terrified at tho idea of having to comedown to be robbed by you again . Ifow , there is another evil in which this results . I am letting you into some State secrets . ( Laughter . ) These are rich men who must pay this money . Tou cannot have men unless they can command money ; you cannot have them in Parliament by such a process as I have been describing . Xow , I am going to join in no
vulgar abuse of rich men , because we all know that in this country you may find as good men , as disintereste 1 men , and prudent men among the rich as among the poor ; but still , after all , it i » not desirable that all the men who sit in Parliament should be of necessity very rich men , because when you come to questions of economy or retrenchment these very rich men are very apt to measure sal \ - ries , official salaries , and other appointments , by a st-inda'd'far above that which men of the ordinary middle rank of life , if they sat in Parliament , would bs inclined to think was necessary , Now , one of the effects of bringing a large portion of the communitv into the political arena , by giving them a riht " to voteone of the effects I should wish to see
g , follow would he n majority , strictly speaking , of the middle class of life—men who know what it is to struggle upwards in life—men who know the value o ? money , by having had to accumulate it by shillings or by pounds . And you may be assured thev are quite as competent to deal with quesciins that come before us as men who are born on a landed estate of £ 10 , 000 a year , and having wasted all the early part of life at school , or at Oxford or Cambridge . Now , these are men who can never enter Parliament unless a totally different system prevails from that which exists at St . Aloan s , Abinduce othci
ingdon , and Yarmouth , ami f ! 6 can constituencies to imitate the example which Uocbdalo has set them . But besides abstaining from corruution-which is a very small thing to ask trom a constituencj-I have another c omplaint w mawe aga nst constituencies , that they allow their ; re . preventatives frequently to forget the Principle * they were sent to the House of Commons to advoc ite , and to join the government as a member ot u or by opposing every principle they were elected to support ? Whatl have to find fault with is this -tliat they send members to parliament pwgrtw nQPfa , ' n nri . minlPS . and when tllCV get tlieVC tUCJ
allow them to ' enter the ranks of the ^ ernment ind virtuallr to abandon tbe advocacy ot tuose Sci les I could mention eight or ter . boroughs imt it would be invidious to do so . . ^ , | ™ gjo bad aommen sitting in parliament since I have been there , and in this present p arliament too , that ««» . been sent up fresh from free and liberal conaWucn . cies to vote with Mr . Hume and his four po- " ^ ™ same points adopted at the Manchester Conference who have voted with him for the reduction of tU expenditure down to the standard of 183 o , who are nnw members of the covernment . Aow , what
the process hy which this is carried on ? > YIiy > . you -endi up-a constituency sends up to parliament an able man to advocate certain liberal principles , aim sit down with my friend and myself , Mr . unnie , and others , whom it pleases some people t 0 J"S " * tiseas" the Radical party . " Well , the Whig [ government , seeing these are able men , and tha they are advocating with great ability Mr . gome j four points of organic changes and my motionsaor retrenchment , think it would bo J ^ . ffi . m " they could have the services of tbat B entleman ., ana [ herefore they invite him to take a post jnde them , and he accepts it and goes down to bu coa «
Dkxeft To The Me.Mber For Itocudale. Lhs...
stituem , ; for re- election . These constituencies reeoive these gentlemen pledged to liberal meuures -recede them at a public meeting . Sot one question is put to them Whether thoyhavemade anv stipulation with the government they are -oW t ' o strengthen and adorn with their powers of do . qupnee not one question as to whether thev are S , f . ' ° ^ P « - " » cipIes in tho government h , . 1 ? " ? ouslltu « 'cy scut them to advocate , » n ^ . ' „™ n om' onco to the government and say « Well , take them ; we are very glad ihat you condescend to make use of our members ; make « -li ; u use you like of them , and take them to vour ovj h ministerial and party purposes . " How , whit ... . i --- v £ "" i'v .. ' 0 . j . x . u . > , nUtlL iiirnt
nave constituencies who net so ever to complain that tho members of the House of Commons , ot the Liberal paity , the independent party , or the iu . nc . il party if you please—what riuht have they to compuuu if that parly accomplish nothing iu the louse of Commons ? Mr . Cobden then spoke ot tho Whig and Tory ministerial failure of last session , and of the special fling at ihe lladieal party— "Ah ! but tho Queen never sent for your -i ' l < k i Ile hil < 1 fcaken Sl 0 ck ot the nien w , 1 ° uu om . jial situation ? , and he was not goinar to tell Uiem that he could not fill office as ' well as any of them , but he had no desire , no taste for it . The hon . eentleman proceeded to fay : ay retaining those men in our ranks that are now draughted oft by the Whi . rs to tinnornr , . Ut . »™ .. vu .
benoral or Solicitors-General or Masters of the Woll-S or anything you ple . ise—Lords of the Treasury or Secretaries of S : ate—instead of draughtins o » these men from our ranks and taking them into tno Wing government , we shall keep them on our oenchos , and wo shall very soon bave a party—a party comprising so many men of talent and having such an amount of influence at our backs by the coasUUumcies they represent—honest , firm , independent constituencies , who won ' t allow themselves to he made merchandise of for tho agerandisement of any in dividual—that we shall stand in iv comaaandiiig position to say to tho government lou must sen . i for us to carry these principles out ( Cheers . ) Now , I want the coiistitu-.-ncius ol this country—those to whom I have alludedto follow the example of Manchester and Hochdnle , and have sufficient self-respect not no allow their roprosentativestojo ' manv government that is not
going to carry out their principles . let us look at iiny one of the clauses of this new reform—the uallot , / or instance , in every constituency to which I allude tho Liberal party are more renu ' ily unanimous for the ballot ; let every constituency that is free resolve that whenever another election comes they will not allow any member to join the govern , ment without stipulating for the ballot —( cheers)—or one of these measures of reform . Tho hon . member concluded by warning bis audience that there were other questions in the next parliament likely to command attention besides the new llefonn Bill ; i \ nd particularly the attempt they were in danger of , and which was being dextericusly made by the landowners to compensate themselves for the repeal of the corn laws . He thought there was great danger in Mr . Disraeli ' s scheme for taking the taxes off tho people who former ! v received the
bread tax , and putting thorn on the * shoulders of these who got it taken off . Last session he got within fourteen or fifteen of a majority in the House of Commons for transferring tho taxes from the holders of land to those who wero landless aim hve b y their industry . The only way to prevent this injustice wa * by the people who were to pay the taxes arming themselves with political power to protect themselves . ( Cheers . ) That scheme was one which had not only largo support on Mr . Disraeli ' s side of the house , but in the hearts of many on the other side of it , and unless a hard fi ^ ht w ere made against it , and means taken to recast our electoral system , so as to put more power in the hands of tho people , they would probably have an alteration in the taxes of tho country not very much to their interest . ( The hon . member tat down amid much cheering . )
Mr . Thomas Livesby afterwards responded to tho toast of "The liberal electors ; " and the proceedings soon afterwards closed .
The Tuaitor Geoligey. The Following Deta...
THE TUAITOR GEOliGEY . The following details upon tho present situation and mode of life of the once promising , but now properly disgraced Hungarian general are taken from a letter dated Kliigcnfurt , and addressed to the "Weser Zeitung . " Arthur Georg ,-y , the former commander-in-chief of the Hungarian army , has resided iu Klagenfurt for these last two years without his presence having made the slightest difference to the quiet course of events in the town . The man who shook tir * t the throne of his sovereign and afterwards tho revolutionary government of iiis country now beguiles bis privacy and loneliness with fanciful experiments of chemistry and physios , ilia usual companion is an Englishman
who scarcely ever stirs from his side , but with this exception he is almost entirely estranged from society ; and the only famil y which he has been known to visit , this but very rarely , is that of the cloth manufacturer , Mur , whose acquaintance he made during his residence at Prague , ten years ago , when , having left the 13 th Hussars , ho applied himself diligently to chemical pursuits , Even now and then a rumour is spread that Georgey is about to establish chemical works in the town . Ho suffers no lack of money , but drawj from our ( the Austrian ) government a yearly pension of 3 , 000 Itarins , while tho Russians liave already sent him 6 u , U 0 l ) roubles , in two instalments , tho first of 20 , 000 , and the second of 40 , 000 roubles ; so at least say thoso who pass for the initiated . It is generally believed tbnt
lio is commissioned by the government with the preparation Of SV military history of the Hungarian war , as several imperial officers qualified to assist him in such a work have latterly taken up their residence here , and visit him very frequently , to whom , also , he dictates by the hour . Ills wife , » handsome woman , was formerly a governess at fragile - , he married h « r in a lit of vexation , on account of a slig ht he met . from her mistress to whom he was paying his addresses . His household is placed on tho simplest footing . He keeps a cook , a nurse , and a man servant , : i Slovack , formerly a Iionved , who was his servant during the war . Among the common people his appearance awakens rather aversion than sympathy ; indeed it is saM that three veveral attempts have been made here upon his life . However it is hut seldom that he is seen , as he will remain in the house for a month
together , unless compelled by the tearful entreaties ofhis wife to take a walk in the precincts of the town . At such time the young man ( ho was only born in 1818 ) presents a deplorable aspect . His sunken eyes are fixed in an unchanging stare , his cheeks are pale and fallen in , his walk his weary , and ho stoops as he goes . Ho usually wears a blue paletot , into the hinder pockets of which his hands are thrust . As if uneasy , he never looks straight at any one , nor takes the least notice if saluted . His whole exterior suggests the unhappy condition of a man to whom life ' is a burden . Very recently his wife has presented him with a fine boy , his first child , This event , usually so welcome in families , appears to have shot no ray of joy into his troubled mind . Who should seek in this forlorn creature the hero who , three years since commander and die . ctor of Hungary , dispensed the destinies ot thirteen millions of men ?
The Puintek's Atiikx.Eum.—>Liss Glyn (La...
The Puintek ' s Atiikx . eum . —> liss Glyn ( late of Sadler ' s Well Theatre ) has generously proffered her services to the committee of the Printer ' s Dramatic Society for a dramatic reading of Antony and Cleopatra on this ( Saturday ) evening , in the larsc room of the Wellington Club , Arundelstreet , Strand . Miss G ! yn having offered her valuable services gratuitously , and the Whittington Club having allowed the u-o of their splendid room at an extremely moderate charge , it is hoped the trade and friends of the Athenajuui will respond to this generosity in an equally handsome manner .
Kkw Convict Skttxkmknt , —The project ot eatablisliinj a new convict settlement at flew Caledonia , iri the Southern Archipelago , has for some time occupied the attention of her Majesty ' s government , and active steps for the purpose are at this moment under consideration . The island is described by those wlo have visited it in whaling ships , as presenting resources of a most valuable character , teeming with vegetation , and abounding in varieties of timber ot the best description , suitable alike for ship build ing aud other useful purposed , wbilst the climate is at the same time , said to bedeli g htfully salubrious , and the harbours already known , safe and capacious . -i \" o « A Britsh Daily Mail . entire
Wool . —Twenty years ago ( in 1830 ) the suppl y of wool from the Cape and from Australia amounted exactly to 2 , 000 , 00011 ) 8 ., out of an entire supply of 32 , 305 , 000 lbs ., or to about six per cent , of the whole , 'fen roars ago ( in 1810 ) the supply of wool f from the Cape and from Australia had increased to 10 , 4 TS , 000 lhs „ out cf »« entire supply of 40 , 436 , 000 lhs . ; or to upwards of twenty per cent , of ttie wt . oic . And last year the wool imported from the Capo and from Australia had increased to > no less than the i-normDus quantity of 44 727 , 000 lbs ., out of an entire supply of 74 . 32 G . 000 lbs . ; or to sixty per cent , of the whole . Rut during the periods referred to a great decrease has taken p lace ill the supplies from Sp ain and Germany . In 1830 the imports from those countries amounted to 27 , 714 , 000 lbs . ; in 1840 , 23 , 078 , 000 lbs . ; and in 1850 to only 9 , 600 , 000 lbs . — Parliamentary Papers 480-1850 and 557-1851 ,
, , The EorrriAS Railway . —Tbe authorisation of the Sultan for the construction of the Egyptian Railway was brought to Alexandria by the Austrian packet of tho 4 th instant . The works had already been commenced . The railway is expected to he opened at the close of 1 S 5 S . Mr . Stephenson some days since was at Marseilles awaiting the arrival of his yatch Ti & aina to set sail for Alexandria .
A Narrative By A Member Of The National ...
A NARRATIVE BY A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY " . ' The following narrative oi the events which accompanied the dissolution of the National Assembly of France is from the pen of a niemhsr of that body , whose name , in the present slate of 'hat country , it is of course impossible to disclose . We arc indt-beil to ihe columns of the " Times " for tha exiraeis which we mak *\ The wrjier , after denving Qom . certc ' a assertion , viz ., "That ho . had r >» ly anticipated the hostile measures of the Assembly , hy refm ' uiji , to nil its conciliatory ads as a proof of their friendly disposition towards him , '' ssys , with reference to the acts of the 2 nd December : —
" When the representatives of the people learned , on waking that morning , that several of their col-Ipngufts were arrestrd , they ran to the Assembly The doors were guarded by the Chasseurs i \ e . Viacennes , a corps of troops recently returned from Africa , aad long accustomed to the violences o Al |« riiiH dominion , who , moreover , were stimulated by a donation of five francs distributed to every soldier who was in Paris that day . The representatives nevertheless presented themselves to guin , having ac their head one . tif their ViCB-Pr * i , iih ; nt 3 , M . Da ™ . This gentleman was violently struck by the soldiers , and the representatives who accompanied him were driven back at the . point of the bayonet . Three of the . m , M . de Talhnu-t , Etienno , and Dtiprac were slightly wounded . Several others had their clothes pierced . Such was the commencement .
' Driven from the doors of the Assembly , the deputies retired to the Mairie of the 10 th a-rondissement . Thay were already assembled to the number of about 300 , when the troops arrived , blocked up the approaches , and prevented a greater number of representatives from entering the apartment , though BO one was at that time prevented from leaving it . Who , then , we . re these representatives assembled at the Mairie of the 10 . h arrondissement , and what did ihey do there ? Every shade of
opinion was represented m this extemporaneous Assembly . But ei ght-tenths of its me . mbe . rs belong to the different Conservative parties which had constituted the majoritv . This Assembly wbs presided over by two of its Vice-Presidents . M . Yitet and M . liar . oist d'Azy . M . D . uu was arrested in his own house ; the fourth Vice-President , the illustrious General Bedeau , had been seized that morning in his bed and handenffed like a robber . As for the President , M . Dupin , he was absent , which surprised no one , as his cowardice was known . Resides its
Vice-Presidents , the Assembly was accompanied by its secretaries , its ushers , and even its shorthand writer , who will preserve for posterity the records of this last and memorable sitting . The Assembly , thus constituted , began hy voting a decree in the following terms : — " ' In pursuance of article sixty-eight of the Constitution—viz ., the President of ihe Republic , the Ministers , the agents , and depositaries of public authority are responsible , each in what concerns themselves respectively , for all tha acts of the government and the administration—any measure by which the President ol the Republic dissolves the National Assembly , prorogues it , or p laces obstacles in the exercise of its powers , is a crime of high treason . ' "' And seeing that the National Assembly is prevented by violence from exercising its powers , it decrees as follows , viz .:
—' 'Zouis Napoleon Bonaparte is deprived of all authority as President of the Republic . The citizens are enjoined to withhold their obedience . The Executive power has passed in full ri ght to the National Assembly . Tho Judges of tho High Court of Justice are enjoined to moot immediately , under pain of forfeiture , to proceed to the judgment of the President and his accomplices ; consequently all tho officers and functionaries of power and of public authority are bound to obey nil requisitions made in the name of the Rational Assembly , under pain of forfeiture and of high treason . " ' Done and decreed unanimously in pub lio git ting , this 2 nd day of December , 1851 .
( Signed ) " ' Bknoist D'Azt , President . " 'Vitbt , Vicu-1 ' resident . " ' MoumO Seorctar j 0 . •" CllM > OT , } fau ! rUiUU ' " To this document was appended the signatures of 230 representatives . "After having voted this first decree , another w & 3 Unanimously passed , naming General Oudinot commander of the public foruesj and M . T ; imisiei ' was joined with him as chief of tbo staff , Tho choice of these two officers from distinct shades of political opinion showed that the Assembly was animated by one common spirit .
" The decrees had scarcely been signed by all the members present , and deposited in a place of safety , when a band of soldiers , headed hy their officers , sword in hand , appeared at the door , without , however , daring to enter the apartment . The Assembly awaited them imperfect silence Tho President iilone raised his voice , read the decrees which had just bsen passed to the soldiers , and ordered tltctli to retire . The poor fellows , ashamed of the part they were compelled to play , hesitated . Tho officers , pale and undecided , declared they should go . further orders . They retired , CDIltcntillg tllClllselves with blockading tho passages leading to the apartment . The Assembly , not being able to go out , ordered the windows to he opened , aud caused the decrees to be read to the people aud the troops in the street below , especially the decree which , in pursuance of the CSth article of the constitution , pronounced tho exposition and impeachment of Louis Napoleon .
" Soon , however , tho soldiers reappeared at the door , preceded this time by two fommissaircs de Police . These men entered the room , and , amid the unbroken silence and total immobility of the AASfeifihly , summoned tlio representatives to disperse . The President ordered them to retire themselve ? . One of the Commissures was agitated , and faltered ; the other broke out in invectives . The President said to bim , ' Sir , wo are hero tho lawful authority , and sole representatives of law and of right . We know that we cannot oppose to you
material force , but we will only leave this chamber uuder constraint . We will not disperse . Seize us , and convey us to prison . ' ' All , all , ' exclaimed the members of the Assembly . After much hesitation , the Commitsaires de Police decided to act . They caused the two Presidents to be seized by the collar . The whole body then rose , and , arm-in-arm , twonnd-two , they followed the Presidents , who were led oft ' . In this order we reached the street , and were marched across tho city , without knowing whither we were going . '
'Cave had been tahe ! i to circulate a reportamon % the crowd and tho troops that a meeting of Socialist and Republican deputies had been arrested . But when the people beheld among thoso who wore thus dragged through the mud ol Paris on foot , like a gang of malefactors , men tho most illustrious by their talents and their virtues , ex-Ministers , ex-Ambassadors , Generals , Admirals , great orators , great writers , surrounded by the bayonets of the line , a shout was raised , Vive VA > semblee Nationals ' . ' The representatives were attended by thc-su shouts until they reached the barracks of the ( Juai d'Orsay , where they were shut up . Night was coining on , and it was wetandcold . Yet the Assembly was left two hours in the open air , as if the Government did not deign to remember its existence . Tho
representatives here made their last roll-call in presence of their shorthand-writer , who had followed them . The number present , was 218 , to whom wore added about twenty more in the course of the evening , consisting of members who Lad voluntarily caused themselves to be arrested . Almost all the men known to France and to Europe who formed tho majority of the Legislative Assembly were gathered together in this place . Few wero wanting , except those who , like M . Mole , had not been suffered to reach their colleagues . There were present , among others , the Duke dc Broglic , who bad come , though ill ; the father of the house , the venerable lieratry , whoso physical strength was inferior to his moral courage , and whom it was necessary to seat ou a straw chair in the barrackyard ; and many other well-known names .
" When two hours had elapsed this assemblage was driven into barrack-rooms upstairs , where most of them spent the night , without fire , and almost Without food , Stretched upon the boards . It Only remained to carry off to prison these honourable men , guilty of no crime but the defence of the laws of their country . For this purpose the . most distressing and ignominious means were selected . The cellular vana in which forcats are conveyed to the bagne were brought up . In these vehicles were shut up the men who had sewed and honoured their country , and they were conveyed like three bands of criminal .- * , some to the fortress of Mont Valerien , some to the Prison Mazas in Paris , and the remainder to Vincennes . The indignation of tho public oon > polled the Government two days afterwarda to release the greater number of them ; some are still in confinement , unable to obtain either their liberty or their trial ,
" The treatment inflictcu on the Generals arrested in the morning of the 2 nd December was still more disgraceful . Cavaignac , Lamoriciere , Bedeau , Changarnier—the conquerors of Africa , were shut up in these infamous sellular vans , which are always inconvenient , and become almost intolerable on a lengthened journey . In this manner they were conveyed to Ham- —tbat is , they were made to perform upwards of a day ' s journey , CnTiignao , who had sayed Paris and France in the days of
A Narrative By A Member Of The National ...
June—Cavai gnac . the competitor of Louis Napoleon at tho last election ? , shut up for a day and a nlsht in too coll of a felon ! I leave it to every honest man and every generous heart to comment on audi facts . Can it he that indignities which surpass the actions of tho King of Naples find a defender in England ? N . > ,- Knphnd knows hut a small portion of what is taking place . I appeal to her better judgment when these facts are known to tho world . " ¦ The writer then infers to the f .-irce of * the Cot'sultativo Commission , the object of which is to induce trance to believe that eve . v man of honour lias not abandoned the government ; ami also to the tyiv . nny exercised over the Press , which is worse than even existed under the Empire .
"A day or two ago one of this Commission , M . Joseph Perier , driven to desperation b y this excess of tyranny , rushed into the street to strike out bis own name with his own hands from the pntdie placards , taking the passers hy to witness that it had been placed there by a lie . '' Let us now see t he condition of personal liberty , A decree of the now Power g ives the Prefects ttto right to arrest , in their respective departnrrnts , whomsoever they please , * and the Prefects , in their turn , Ret'd blank warrants of arrests , which are literally litim < h cachet , to the tiwprcftfi tinder I heir orders . The Provision . il Government of the Republic never went so far . Human life is as little respected as human liberty . 1 know that war has its dreadful necessities * , but the d'sturbnn es which have recently occurred
in Paris havo been put down with a barbarity unprecedented in our civil ( ontnvis ; and when we remember that this torrent of b ' ond has been shed to con-ummatc the violation of all laws , we cannot hut think that sooner or later it will fall hack upon the heads of those who shed it . As for the appeal to the pnonlo . to which Louis Napoleon allccts to submit his claim ? , never was a more odious mockery offered to a nation . The people is called upon to express its opinion , yet not only is public discussion suppressed , but even the knowledge of facts . The people is asked its opinion , but the first measure taken to obtain it is to establish military terrorism throughout tho country , ami to threaten with deprivation every public agent who does not approve in writing what has been done .
" Such , Sir , is the condition in which we stand . Force overturning law , trampling on tho liberty of the press and the person , deriding tho popular will , in whose name the government pretends io act-France torn from the alliance of free nations to bo yoked to the despotic Monarchies of tho continent , such is tho result of this coup d ' etat . If the judgment oftho people of England could approve these military saturnalia , and if the facts I have related , and whicli I plcdgo myself arc accurately true , did not rouse its censures , I should mourn for you and for ourselves , and for the sacred cause of legal liberty throughout the world ; for the public Opinion of Engl-ind is the grand jury of mankind in tha cause of freedom , and if its verdict were to acquit tho oppressor tho oppressed would have no other resource but in God . " One word more , to record a fact which does honour to the magistracy of France , and which will he remembered in its annals . The armv refused to
submit to the decree of tbe captive Assembl y impeaching the President of the Republic ; but the High Court of Justice obeyed it . These five judges , sitting in the midst of Paris enslaved , and in the face of martial law , dared to assemble at tho Palace of Justice and to issue process commencing criminal proceedings acainst Louis Napoleon , charged with high treason by the law , though already triumphant in the streets . I subjoin the text of this memorable edict : — " ' Uigii Court of Justice , " « Consirlering the CSth article of the constitution , considering that printed placards commencing with the words 'the President of the Republic , ' and bearing at tho end the signatures of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte and De Morny , Minister
Of tho Interior , which placards announce , among other things , the dissolution of the National Assembly , have this day been affixed to tho walls of Paris ; that this fact of the dissolution of the Assembly by the President would fall under tho case provided for by tbe GSth article of the Constitution , and render the convocation of the High Court of Justice imperative , by tbe terms of that article declares , that the High Court is constituted , and names M . Reuouard , counsellor of tho Court of Cassation , to fill the duties of public accuser , and to fill those of Grflier M . Bernard , Grt-ffior in Chief of the Court of Cassation ; and , to proceed further in pursuance of the tonus oftho said GSth article of the constitution , adjourns until tomorrow , tho 3 rd of Pocemder , at the hour of noon .
" ' Done and deliberated in the Council Chamber . Present , M . Ilardouin , president , M . Pataille , M . Moreau , M . de la Palme , and M . Cauchy , judges , this 2 nd dav of December , 1851 . " ' " "" After this tcstvwl extract from tho Minutes of the High Court of Justice there is tho following entry" ' 1 . A proce- ' -vcrbal stating tho arrival of a Commissairo de Police , who called upon the Hig h Court to separate . " ' 2 , A proecs-verlal of a second sitting held on . the morrow , the 3 rd day of December ( when the Assembly was in prison ) , at which M , Itenounvd accepts the functions of public prosecutor , charged to proceed against Louis Napoleon , after which tbe Hi gh Court being no longer able to act , ad * journcd to a dav to be fixed hereafter . '
* ' With these extracts from the judicial records I terminate this communication . << # * w 'i
3uto L-Ntettiffttitt
3 Uto l-ntettiffttitt
Court Of Exchequer. Siili.Ku V. Sai.Omox...
COURT OF EXCHEQUER . SIILI . KU V . SAI . OMOXS , II . P . This was an action of debt to recover from the defendant three penalties of £ 500 . for having sat and voted in the Commons House of Parliament without having taken tha ' ath of abjuration ;> s required by the act of Parliament . —Mr . Sergeant Caannell and Air . Maouamara appeared for the plaintiff ; Sir P . Kelly , Mr . Peacock , Mr . Willis , and Mr . Goldsmid were counsel for tho defendant . —Mr . Sergeant Channel ) , in opening the plaintiff ' s case , said that the statute upon which the present action was brought enabled tiny person whatever to sue for and recover tho penalty imposed upon any person who should presume to ' sit and vote before taking the required oaths . The plaintiff-in this case was a
clerk to a respectable firm of attorneys . The defendant was well known to the jury as having been recently elected a member of Greenwich , of tho Jewish religion , a barrister , and formerly sheriff of Kent . He believed that the oath of abjuration , upon whicli nlono this case would turn , was framed not merely to guarantee that its substance should he observed , but as a means of securing the Christianity of the country , to which wc are indebted for all the order aud stability , all the civilization and refinement which we enjoy . It w ; ts not his purpose , however , to enter upon the policy of tho law ; it was for those who objected to it to obtain lVi-in the three branches of the legislature a legal alteration . The defendant , having been elected a memberpresented himself at the table of the House of
, Commons and claimed to be sworn upon tho Old Testament as the form most binding upon his cotiajicace . This claim was admitted so far as eoncorned the oaths of alleg iance and supremacy , but upon the clerk of tiie liou = e reading over to him tho nath of abjuration , tho defendant omitted ihe concluding words , ' -Upon the true faith of a Christian , " and , addins the words " So hel p me God , " kissed the Old Testament . This not being deemed by the house a proper taking of the oath , he was required to withdraw , but before doing so lie ( lid , to use the words of the act of parliament , presume to sit and vote . Now , ho was prepared to go through , tbe numerous acts of parliament oft the subjict , ami to show that there was nothing in them to exempt Jews from taking tliis oath in tne form proscribed .
—Mr . Baron Martin here interrupted the learned se . rgcant , and inquired , if this vm r . ot a case which OUghtto be turned into a special verdict , and the opinion of a court of hv ** t-Aen npon th « powt . The facts could not be in question . —Sir F . Ke ! ly said that he thought that would be tho jwoper course . All the facts had boen already admitted , as there was no desire on the part of tbe defendant but to have . the question fairly brought before the court , —Sergeant Chiuinell said that ui ; on 1 is lordships suggestion he would oohsent-to a special verdict being taken . On tho part of the plaintiff thero was only a desire to fully raise the question . If it
were not so , he { the learned sergeant ) would have been no party to tho case—Mr . ltarou Martin said that it was unnecessary for him to say what his opinion upon the matter was ; but as one of the most eminent lawyers of the day had stated his opinion to be that Alderman Salomons had duly taken tho oath of abjuration , it was right that the case should be argued with a Yiew of taking it , if neeeBsary , to the House of Lords , tho highest legal tribunal of the country . —It was then agreed that a special verdict should bo drawn up upon the admissions made by the parties , the verdict to be settled by his lordship in case of disagreement ,
Electric Telegraphic Communication. — Th...
Electric Telegraphic Communication . — Tho number of telegraphic stations now open , and in connexion with the central station ot the electric Telegraph Company , in Lothbury , amount to 226 , embracing all the principal towns in the kingdom , between which commercial and private despatches are transmitted , and answers obtained in a fewminutes . Of the total 226 stations , nearly seventy are principal commercial stations , at which the attendance is what is called constant , that is to say day and night ; the length of the lines of commanication extending over 2 , 500 mile ? , with 800 m progress of suspension .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 13, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13121851/page/7/
-