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conjoining sharp double GLANCE AT THE Jo...
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ilfcdv-d l»v W. «i»Bu—Pa'sler. per J. Ha...
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A letter from Turin of the Sth n.st. ann...
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FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF TUE CHEAT EXHIBIT...
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CHANCERY AXD LAW REFORM. A lecture was d...
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E.-ciPE or Fivk Coxvicts.— About two o'c...
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SEVENTH ANNUAL BEPORT. The Central Commi...
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Lir.KiUTiox or Ivosstmi.—On Tuesday even...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Parliamentary. On Thursday Night The Hou...
langedanger by conjoining sharp double curves , [ hey They allowed sleepers to be placed by the side > f theof the line , heaped upon each other in such a nannmanner that the strength of a child was sufficient cient to tarn one round upon the rail ; they lUowiallowed their officers habitually to run . their engineng ines tender foremost , by which the chances jMzoManger were most frightfully increased . Ever Every one is aware that infrontof every engine » iruj » i » uard projects a few inches above the rail , the v the use of which is to throw off stones , pieces of u of wood , ot any obstructions that may be laci laced there , either by accident or design . In . » __ - „„ : «;„ : «» ^ l . „^ m
p p ordii ordinary cases , unless the obstruction be very ¦ weit -weighty indeed , these guards clear the line T > efc "before the wheels come up to it , and thus enaE < able the train to keep its place . Bat when the the eng ine was reversed , and the tender p la < p laced first , there was no such protection . Tht The wheels came direct npon the sleeper , and the the engine thrown off by the shock knocked dov down the parapet of the bridge , carry ing with it t it two third-class carriages . " The breaking of the the chain saved the others . Here , then , we ha have a series of facts , all of them directl y poi pointing to the construction and management
of oft he l i ne as the real cause of an occurrence by by which , five lives were instantaneously sa sacrificed , and -which , had the carriages be been more crowded , must inevitably have Id killed a great many more . How long the le leg i slature will place the lives ofthe commun nity at the mercy of irresponsible reckless ti trading corporations , without taking from t them some adequate guarantee for the due f fulfilment of the duties incident to their posii Hon , -we know not . It is not for want of p pr o of s o f tbe necessity for doing so that
i matters are allowed to rest jn their present s st a te , disgracefiil alike to the Government and i the Railway C o mpanie s . Tbe week , in other respects , has been singularly uneventful . It is usual , during holi-< days , to take advantage of the recess by making ] publicdemonstrationsonwhatevermayhappen to be the pre vailing question ; with the single exception of the meetings against the Government Water Bill for the Metropolis , nothing lias occurred worth notice . On that Bill , how e ver , the Metropolis has spoken out , and
will do much more strongly . Though it was carried by a small majority , on the second reading , by the aid of the seventy members , who represent their own interests in the House of Commons , as shareholders of the existing Companies , its provisions aro so flagrantly venal , the whole thing is such a rank and nefarious job , that there is not the slightest chance of its being carried . Better by far , in the estimation of the Londoners , to " bear the ills tbey have , ' ' than risk the tenfold burdens Sir George Grey proposes to saddle them with .
FOREIGN AM ) COLOXIAL . The prospects of the Revision of the Constitution in France , by legal means , grow fainter as the time approaches . The preliminary stage—that of appointing committees to report on the question—has been gone through , and the composition of these committees is such as to present no chance whatever of there being anything like a decent majority to warrant any high-handed measures on the part of tbe reacliomutires . Thus far the Republic has shown itself the only practical and possible Government in France . In Portugal , the r ece ntl y ill-gotten powerof Saldaxha totters to its fall . Spain seuds rumours of court and factious
intrigues , conjoined with new promises to pay old debts , destined , like their predecessors , never to be fulfilled . The Kixg of Prussia , not content with suppressing the press of his own country , has , without notice , c a used the postage on English newspapers to be raised to the preposterously large sum of 13 d ., or about three times the price of the papers themselves . This has caused a great outcry among the dail y journals . Even the absolutist Tvnes does not like this last despotic fre a k of the p ious and champagne-loving FUEDEEICK William . It has no objections that public liberty should be crushed , but to touch its receipts is quite another thing .
The news from the Cape shows that the -whole of the native tribes of South of Africa have combined to expel , if pos s ibl e , the European settlers on that part of the Continent . The defection of-tho chiefs formerly in amicable relations is all but universal . Hottentots aud Fingoes fraternise with Kaffir , and a universal dissatisfaction with English rule very unmistakably evinces itself in every direction . Sir H . UIKY SjHTH seems so far to
have held his post , aud even to have obtained sli ghtly thc upper hand of his opponents , and wherever open encounters have taken place between the natives and" tbe disciplined troops , the former have been worsted . But notwithstanding this the league spreads ; and though it may be forcibly repressed at an enormous cost to this country , it is clear that such determined and general hostility will necessitate a permanent and continuous outlay in future to maintain by force a position wrested at the point ofthe bayonet . Before the toiling and "tinder-paid peop le of this country are called upon to pay millions for that purpose , would it not be as well for somebody to ascertain
the actual value of the Cape Colony as a "Whole . Gold may be bought too dear , and the whole of South Africa , however valuable , may be too highly paid for . We ought before going further to have a fair valuation . l ro ; n the Ionian Islands we have intelligence of more tyranny on the part of Sir H . G . "Vara , the sol desant radical member for Sheffield . It wonld form a curious psbycological inquiry to what causes this transformation of " liberal" Whig governors into colonial despots is to be attributed . Lord Toit-ILVGTON , Mr . MoJGE O ' -Femum , and Sir II . Wakd are , in this respect , political monstrosities .
President Fillmoke has made a tour of "foe States , evidentl y with the view of procuring a renewal of the presidential office , while Bksjamix Wkbsxer , his chief minister , has been doing a little business on his own account in the same way . The political news besides this possesses little importance , but the state of trade and employment is Slid to be highly satisfactory .
Conjoining Sharp Double Glance At The Jo...
Jose 14 , 1851 . ' THE NORTH EftN STAR . 1 j „„ _^„ - lrtT \ adv ^ t -ntTtno ivnl " '" ' ' ' " ~ " ~ l 7 = 2 T ^ ~ T . . . ' ¦ Tnana . ^ i .- - ¦ ¦ -- --- —
Ilfcdv-D L»V W. «I»Bu—Pa'sler. Per J. Ha...
ilfcdv-d l » v W . « i » Bu—Pa ' sler . per J . Hat . * ari 4 f—Paisley , ( sum < 3 ceio die Rev . A . Doualdsout ^ r aueudms aasttinrin i * aisley , } per V- Cameron VJs . REFUGEES AT LIVERPOOL-- ' .-ceived by W . Iudeb . — P-uMev , sstni ejected at the Clc *? of Jlr . I / onaMson ' s meetinjr I ' m" 4 io . FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS , fecdvedby Jons Abbott— C UJaei / , Aira , per Ernest Svzts Cd .
MDHIES fiE 0 £ ?!? E 9 Fob the Yr ' usK- Esvixts Tumism-r , June 12 th , IS ?! . NATIONAL CHARTS !! FUND . Eerehrednj Jobs Ansorr . —Pett-rl > orongh . \ er £ . Scholev it'M—Cards , at IKJlotra . v 3 s SA-G . l \ , CI « rk « uw « U Is-KeivcaStle-up « . n-Tjne , i-er G . Grant £ 15 s Mil—H « i . 5 tv , i « r W . iiid « . -r 4 s—E . Scale , Var . Iuur-5 t-. ett Is—X . Frith 6 d—Xtuerfojr , per < J . J- Ham *? ' <&—Total—Hi 1 « 5 . 1 . Esceivcfbr W . ?{> 3 £ n . —Balance of 1 ' nUUy Wsiriet Coufet .-iutt Fund * is Tid . FOR THE HUNGARIAN AtiO POLISH PSFUGEE 3 .
A Letter From Turin Of The Sth N.St. Ann...
A letter from Turin of the Sth n . st . announces tL-t the Sardinian government bas concluded s » J c . m with certain English capitalists ef tM-eemil"' " . 3 sterling , to be expended in the immediate completion of the railroad from Genoa to Turin and tii-. ace to Switzerland . Death of Viscous * Melville , F . lt . S ., P . C . S . T . —The RJffijt Hon . Lord -Viscount Melville departed this life " on Tuesday last , at his seat Melville € ank , near Edinburgh . BfiioWAVS f « i 5 , AS Is « U . UK . eCchEF 0 K FfMALE Cojj' ^ ints . —Wuinen at different jn-iioUs oi iff are su : jset to & aijslaiws wliicii require u ihtuHm" intu- 'tiiit- t « remove , *» --i ! 3 s aowan estabH-hed fo « thai xbere U none . * o * si * aKf as Ik . Ut . wavs Pill . -, their jiarifyiiijr qiuiilu-s render fc ^ ni invaliLiUe tu ' xhe tuai-fen . *'*«• vaotlser , and middle * Z < Az : l . ey * refct-ai filing , clcauany . aun yet unitjunithig . cJ tfci \ fC 3 "„ aies ,. j a ] j ages may lake jliem Willi perfect f ^ ty : am ! it is trulj asu > n :.-hins J" Jsn-i -he I * adit that U deiv & l by taiiinj a few d ^ -vf , wliirll sj'rvdilj nrlMtU 5 c , 7 ^ j * ik " softnc' > ulari ! via she * jstciis , and establish " - ^ a to a firm bask
A Letter From Turin Of The Sth N.St. Ann...
GLANCE AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE AND ITS CONTESTS . 'We observed , in a former visit , numerous objects m connexion with constructive art—such as the brick making machine , glass pannelling , & C . We turn now to the hardware department , in the inspection of which we shall keep in view this same sreat end , the facilitation of social improvement . Io thi s long a venue , running behind the Birmingham , Furniture , and Sheffield courts , on the south of the nave , the most economical fittings-up of a cottage will have more interest for us than tbe most splendid combination of polished steel and ormolu yet designed for a nobleman ' s saloon . It is soon . AT f ! E AT- Tnw .
obvious that we shall not want for gratification of this kind . Within the space of half-a-dozen yards are stoves that may be had for a few shillings , and others costing as many thousand pounds—plain but convenient compounds of firebrick and iron , resplendent structures of marble , gilding , and burnished metal , adorned with devices furnished by Spencer or Shakespere . The principles of construction are almost as various as the degrees of decoration observable . The use of steam and gas iu culinary operations is largely provided for . Here is a vessel by which a bachelor in his solitary chambers may grill a steak , a nd there a co l oss al range of spits , boilers , and stew-pans , w a rranted to do all the work of a club kitchen by the same power . Among the many adaptations of steam , we notice a saucepan which cooks potatoes simply by extracting and then condensing their own moisture " ' .
which is known to be considerable in proportion to the solid parts , and detrimental to the alimentary value of the vegetable . Among the " multum in uno" ranges exhibited , one bears an inscription significant ofthe object of many , "Waste not , I want not . " Economy of human health and life is not uneared for . Many more than we can specify are the provisions for the better ventilating of rooms and workshops , and tho counteraction of noxious effittvias from the fires constantly necessary in some handicrafts . Sanitary reformers will observe , with pleasure , the array of domestic baths and lavatories—an indication of the greatly increased degree in which attention is directed to the use of water on the skin , as promotive of health and vivacity . On either hand of us are apparatus for administering the recreating stream , co ld or warm , upright or recumbent . One manufacturer has a bath in which one can lie down
and surround oneself with water , or let it down from above , at pleasure ; another combines with the bath provisions for its conversion into a bed . Besides metallic bedsteads , we have ventilating mattresses , and a couch of an altogether novel usethat , namely , of awakening the sleeper ! By a simple contrivance , an alarum clock , set to the hour desired , touches a spring , which withdraws the front legs of the bed , and gently tumbles its occupant from the arms of Morpheus . As a practical illustration , some policemen , or other bystander , is induced , many times in the course of a day , to trust himself to this too faithful servant ; invariably to tbe great amusement of spectators .
At the western end of this court , in a bay looking upon tbe nave , is a complete exhibition of the cutlery of Sheffield—its characteristic manufacture —including a series of models , illustrating the various stages of the process necessary to convert iron ore into keen , highly polished razors , and circular saws that make one shudder to think of their revolutions ; but , unfortunately , these models are neitbeir self expl anatory , nor is an attendant at hand to exhibit them . The display of cutlery is infinite , and beautiful in arrangement . Turning , again , into the hardware avenue , at its junction with tbe agricultural implement court , we find ourselves beside thc formidable guns and carnage lashings of a man-of-war . They have more of the grim aspect of war than the blades and barrels disposed in dazzling shapes in several other parts of this building—they ate , therefore , its more faithful representatives .
Pkixce Albert ' s Model Cottages . —Thc exterior of those cottages is both pleasing and picturesque . On crossing tbe threshold the visitor finds himself standing under an open porch , where he perceives that the building ia double . On his right hand and left are stout oak-stained doors , and before him rises a flight of stairs constructed of thick slate , and leading to the external gallery . Let him turn and enter one of the door ? , say that on his left hand : he is now in the living room , an apartment about ten aud a half feet wide and fourteen feet from front to back . It has one -window looking into the road , the casement of which , made of zinc and iron , is divided into lozengeshaped panes . The floor is formed of Staffordshire
tile-. The roof is the most striking feature of this chamber , being formed of bricks set in cement , and arched to the extent of about eight or nine inches . The arch is tied with wrought iron rods connected with cast iron springers , which rest on the outer walls , and bind the whole structure together . Thefireyhce contains a grate of tho simplest construction , lined with fire-clay . Hy its side is a closet , to which warm air may be introduced from the back of the range . Over the mantle is au ir o n ro d for h a nging p ictures , and on the opposite side of the room is a shelf . In front of the window hangs a deal board capable of serving as an ironing board , a table , or , when thrown up , as an interior shutter . Such is the living-room . At the end of this
apartment , opposite to thc window , ate two rooms , each nine feet in depth and equal to half tbe width of the living room , they are intended aa bed-rooms for children , and , opening out of the middle room , afford an opportunity for the exercise of parental watchfulness , without the unwholesome crowding of tbe living room by its use as a sleeping apartmen ' . Each has a window opening in t h e r e ar of the house , and a fire-place . The living room and the two sleeping rooms just described , constitute the outer half of the space allotted to one family . The remaining portion is not all applicable to domestic use , a part of it being required for the porch and lobby . Between tbe living room and tbe parthiir vail which bisects tbe centre structure , are the
scullery and parents' bed room . The scullery is fitted up with a sink , and beneath which is a coal bin of slate , a plate rack at one end drained by a slate slab into the sink , covers the entrance to a dust shaft , which is enclosed by a balancing selfacting door . A meat safe is also fixed here and ventilated through the brickwork . Thi s room i s lighted from the porch by a window of thick glass . The parents' bed room , with a superficial area of aboat 100 feet , is entered through the scullery , a recess hi this room provides a closet for linen , and a shelf is carried over the door , with a rail fixed beneath it—a provision which is made in each ofthe other bed rooms . Between the scullery and the porch is a water-closet fitted up with a Staffordshire glazed basin , which is complete without any wood fittings , and supplied with water from a slate cistern , in . common , of ICO gallons , placed on tbe roof , over the party and staircase walls . Thc same pipes which carrv away the rain water serve for the
use of the closets . Four sets of rooms , such as have now been described , are combined in the model building—one on each side of tho ground floor , and two upstairs . The external gallery corresponds to the poreb in site and purpose , and all the tenements correspond in plan . It is the main peculiarity of these buildings tbat they arc constructed almost without timber , and with hollow bricks . Perfect ventilation , facility of cleaning , ana cheapness , are tbe correspondent ' adv-uitages . The tubular walls exclude moisture and sound , and , at the same time , offer the readiest - . r . e . - . ns for the admission of fresh qv of heated air . The hard , g lased surface is as easy to wash as a iiand-ba « in ; and a copious supply of water leaves nctbin" to be desired on this head . And , tbe four swellings cost but about £ 100 ; so that , if each set of room " were let at a weekly rent of three shiiliuss , tiicrc would be a return oi seven per cent ., and something to cover contingencies .
Facts And Incidents Of Tue Cheat Exhibit...
FACTS AND INCIDENTS OF TUE CHEAT EXHIBITION . JJer Majestv tbe Qocen , accomp a nied b y Prince Albert and the Royal guests at the Palace , resume d their survey ofthe Crystal Palace on Saturday last , and their person ;*! interviews with exhibitors . At twelve o ' clock the public were admitted , but from the attractions of Ch ' str ' ck or the doubtful appearance of the weather , or from some other cause , iiii-re wus an vinu . -ual ' y small influx of visitors . The numbers were only 12 , 036 , and the receipts , liotwiihstandius tbe as . admission charge , fell to £ 15 GU lOi . Nothing of any interest occurred during the day , except the accidental explosion of one of Phillips * patent fire annihilators in tbe
eastern division of the building . How it ivent off no one can tell ; but it U conjectured that some person settle machine off either accidentally orhy u * ig « while examining it , for it is coustructml in such a way that it could not exolode spontaneously . A package has arrived from France contaimn a mv & iA of a gun , and abo four mngs , for exhibition . A package has also arrived containing an allium of great beauty , sent by the Eaipeior of Austria for her Majesty the Q . ueen . The attendance on Whit-Monday at the Crvstal Palace was very numerous , but not so much so as had been expected , nor as has been witnessed on previous shilling days . Thc receipts were—season tickets £ 2 * 2 ^ . ; at the doors £ 2 , 436 4 s . —Total receipts £ 2 , 433 6 s .
As might have been expected from tbe unfavourable state of i :: e weather during the greater portion of the dav , the attendance en Tuesday was not so « reat as on some previous days . There was , nevcrt ' . eles * an s . 'ormom master . Passage beinji with difficulty obtained through the nave and galleries . The companv was of ft very mixed character . The nol ' -ce returns , at four o ' clock , set down the who '; - number of visitors at 48 , 389 . The following is the ush acwiiBir-Se ^ on tickets . & % : *** lhe doors , 462 , 212 & .-Total receipt ** , A 2 . 281 lis . On Weiuwsihv . notwithstanding the hue weather , tlw company Mt far short of the previous u 3 y ,
Facts And Incidents Of Tue Cheat Exhibit...
when the rain fell in torrents . Judging from ap « pearances they were mainly composed of the middle an d upper c l asses the groups of working men and their families coming few and far between . The number admitted wan about 45 , 000 . Tlie cash account was as follows . '—Season tickets , £ i 4 s . ; at tbe doors , £ 2 , 160 9 s . —Total receipts , £ 2 , 16413 s . Another day of incessant storm and rain has added to tbe misfortunes of the sightseeing public , yet , undaunted by the state of the weather , 48 , 318 persons visited the building on Thursday , and £ 2 , 233 7 s . was the amount taken at tbe doors . On Friday the sum received lor admission at the doors , the fee being 2 s . U ., was £ 2 , 206 5 s ., irrespective of £ 39 ISs . for season tickets . ... .. . .. . . _ . . .
Chancery Axd Law Reform. A Lecture Was D...
CHANCERY AXD LAW REFORM . A lecture was delivered on this subject on Tuesday , at Willis ' s Rooms , King-street , St . James ' s by Mr ' . 6 . i . Greene , barrister-at-law , a member of the council of the Chancery Reform Association . The special object of the lecture , according to the prospectus ofthe proceedings , was to show "the necessity of reforming the present dilatory , vexatious , and costly system of jurisprudence , in law and equity , and of codifying the laws so as to render them uniform and intelligible . " The chair was taken shortly after one o'clock by Lord Erskino , who bri e fly i ntro d uce d t h e lecturer to the very limited company assembled upon the
. Mr . Gheexb then proceeded to say that his lecture should consist of an inquiry into tho five following points .- —first , our present system of jurisprudence ; secondly , who made our laws ; thirdly , how were our laws made ; fourthly , th ei r promu ' g . iiion ; and fifthly , their administration . In discussing the first of those points , he said that our present system of jurisprudence was made up of an entangled massof ill-defined customs , and of ever varying and conflicting decisions of judges . His object , and that of the gentlemen with whom he was associated , was to condense tbat system , which was at present vague , unsettled , costly , dilatory , and vexatious , into one uniform code , formed after the model of
the Code Napoleon , which would be promulgated in one intelligible volume , and would be called " The Code of Queen Victoria . " He pro p osed t b at t b at code should be subject to septennial revision . The existing system was pregnant with the grossest abuses . Justice was at present sold , wh i le her agents were constantly crying out " costs , costs ;" justice was deferred while the Courtof Chancery had so many heart-breaking delays ; and justice was denied while decrees were in some cases suspended for a period of not less than seventy years . Abuses of a somewhat similar character had paved the way in France for a revolution in which torrents of h uman loo d had been s he d , and then the genius ef Kapoleon had given birth to one uniform code ,
formed in three months , upon the model of the code of Justinian , and which would be tlie object of the eternal admiration of the world . The Emperor himself had presided over the undertaking , and it was probable that had it not been for that circumstance , the Fr e nch lawyers w h o h ad been engaged in thc task would have resembled our otrn commissioners of law reform , who had only given tbe lawyers more work to do . He earnestly hoped that a similar change would he effected in this country by means of an enlightened conviction and an honest desire for the promotion ofthe public welfare . With respect to the second question—who made our laws ? Mr . Greene said he would venture to predict that thc day was not far
distant when the labouring classes would receive the elective franchise , and would ) return , as their representatives to tlie Home of Commons , men coniiersant ivith tlieir tvants and animated by an earnest anxiety to promote their interests , lie " had next to consider how were our laws made ? lie found that their manufacture was committed to the irregular and accidental efforts of a few law lords in the House of P e ers , and of a few ambitious senators in the House of Commons . The result of tiiat system was the construction of an endless mass of contradictory statutes , baffling the conclusions of the common sense and defeating the ends of justice . Sir Samuel Romilly , Lord Brougham , Lord Campbell , and others , had endeavoured to reform that absurd
system , but that they failed in their efforts in consequence of the opposition of the lawyers and the apathy of the public . The next point to which he should direct their attention was the promulgation of the law . lie believed that it ought to be made known to the judges who administered it , and to tho people who were called upon to obey it . That was what had been dona by the great law-giver of the Jews , Moses . The Romans and the Athenians had their laws written up in some public situation . The famous Justinian co d e was di gested in one comprehensive volume . Napoleon ' s code was contained in a limited number
of pages , which conld be bought in any French town , for a few francs ; but the vast mass of our English jurisprudence was scattered over an endless vuriety of volumes , which no human industry could ever master . The fifth and last point he had to consider was the administration of outlaws . He know that our judges were , for the most p art , learned ami independent men ; but they had not the power of rendering justice tis cheap and expeditious as possible . It was in our Court of Chancery that the greatest abuses were observable . There presided at present over that court a noble and learned lord who was well known not to favour
law reform . ( Hear , hear . ) By a most extravagant arrangement , that noble and learned lord united in his single person the functions of keeper of tbe Queen ' s conscience , head of the Court of Ch a ncer y , distributor of Church patronage , and minister of a political party . But let them look at the details of the practice in that court . The anxious and harassed suitors came before a master once in a month , and then could not obtain from him another hearing until after tho lapse of another month , when he had probably forgott e n all that he had previously learnt with respect to the case . The Master seemed rather to like those
delays , and to listen with pleasure to the squabbles of attorneys , belligerent in appearance at least . But why should not the administration of justice go on from ., day to day in this country until a decision was given one way or the other ? ( Hear , hear . ) Let it be remembered that , in that most unfortunately managed court , there were detained not less than £ 9 , 000 , 000 of real estate , and a similar amount of personal property . Let it be remembered , too , that parties wero kept for years in tho prisons of the court . One person had been so kept for a period of thirty-eight years , and another had been imprisoned for a period of fourteen years , in consequence of the mistake of a Lord Chancellor . Every body wlio had impartially considered the subject had denounced the whole system as a gigantic fraud . Oac hundred thousand suitors were annuallv dragged into Chancery , and no tongue could
describe the mental suBermgs to which they were subjected . But the system was strenuously supported by barristers , and by that most powerful body , the attorneys and solicitors , who amounted , in England alone , " to 14 , 000 . Mr . G . here proceeded to denounce this latter class in a strain of unmeasured vituperation . He characterised theirinfliicnce over families as a pestilential miasma , and declared that as long as that influence remained unimpaired , no measure of legal reform could ever be carried in this country . Tlje people at large should arouse tbeinsei ves from their apathy upontbat subject , and declare their irrevocable determination to obtain cheap and expeditious justice . Then , and then only , could a rational and intelligible code replace that absurd and cumbrous system of jurisprudence which disgraced this country in the eyes of every civilised community in tbe world . Some other / . 'entlcnicnafturwards addressed the com . pa . ay , and . the proceedings terminated .
E.-Cipe Or Fivk Coxvicts.— About Two O'C...
E .-ciPE or Fivk Coxvicts . — About two o'clock on Wednesday afternoon five eouvicts belonging to thc Justitia , " convict-snip , at the Royal Arsenal . Woolwich , were employed in the g'g of the vessel in taking on board Captain Voulos , . who was on a visit of inspection . The convicts generally employed on that duty are selected from the wellconducted class , and consist of men whose general good conduct would soon ensure their liberation , and consequently greater confidence is ' placed in tbciA . Iu this case the confidence has been found io be misplaced , as shortly after Captain Toules went on o a r d , and the convicts were lying on their oars in readiness to take him on shore again , the
idea of escaping entered tlieir imag in a t i on , and one of them cnvelooed himself in the cloak of the gallant officer , and , taking charge of the rudder , the other four convicts rowed with great s pe ed , and soon reached the Essex side of the river , where they landed and left tbe gig , making tbe best of their wav past Harking f o r E pping Forest . In their pro-< tc * s « they came near a constable of thc'K division of tbe metropolitan police , who immediately . gave chase , and having obtained the aid ot several ot . ine inhabitants of the district , succeeded in appiohf nditi" three of tbe escaped convicts . 1 he otnei two have not been taken . The attention of one « the Custom-house boats was drawn to the rapiouy of t . hA vnwirnr nf thft four convicts when making mi
the Essex shore , but the self-confidence of the con--vict steersman enveloped in Capt . Joules scoafv p re vente d them f rom f o l lowin g tbe gig . Ii ) e }> however , made the circumstance known on boaru the convict ship , but any pursuit from that quarter after the escaped convicts bad got on shore ana some -way into thc country would have had W" ' - chance of success . — Friday . — The other two have been retaken , and handed ove to the authorities . Yaxkee-Boodlb . — In a curious hook on tho Round Towers of Inland { 1 forgot tho title ) , the origin , ot the term Y . mkec-Dcodle was traced to the Version phrr . s . v"raiiki (! ooniali , " or " Inhabitants oi th * . Ne « World . " - Livavd , in bis book oa" Smeyeh ae . A its Remains , " also mentions " T & iugW- *» ni *» . us-tha L ' yEsiauiiisme of America . — Mk-haad' ^ ries >
E.-Cipe Or Fivk Coxvicts.— About Two O'C...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . Duhcombb , Esq ., M . P ., President , Established IBio . " FHT JOSHUA . '*' binintn ^ I ? MibIe for ih * working classes , by comthino " nnt E : t' ? , mrdly be said that this would be a ttaJJB not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced Sioasi : Mill . T
n ? " ^ m ual Conference was held at the unices , in Tottenh am-court-road , on Monday , the 9 th inst . I j the absence of Mr . D-ohcmjbb , Mr . Fleming was called to the chair , and explained that ho had been instructed by Mr . i > uncombe to apologise for his absence that day , owmg to the state of his health ; but at the same time , to state Mr . Buncombe ' s desire to attend during the Conference sitting and it the Conference thought fit to adjourn , Mr . Duncombe hoped to be able to attend on the following day . . J ^ t ° fet'ence then , upon the motion of Mr . Rowland , adjourned until Tuesday , at half-past two o ' clock .
TuESixiy , JiTA'u 10 . On this da y M r . Smith attended , and explained that the unfavourable state of the weather rendered it impossible for Mr . Duucomue to attend that day ; hut that ho felt himself so much better that he had great hopes of being able to attend on the following day , should the weather be in any degreo genial , Tho Conference was then further adjourned to Wednesday .
Wednesday , June ll . The Confereace met pursuant to adjournment . Mr . Duncombe in the chair . The minutes being read and confirmed , Mr . Dua'Combe delivered the following address : — Gesileme ^ -Iq meeting the Seventh Annual C onfer e nce of t h e Asso c i a tion , I have to congratul a te you upon i ts ge ner a l position , which is , as compared with one or two past years , im p rove d , both as respects numbers and organisation . It still , however , falls far short of what I anticipated from such an organisation , Tho trades of this country have yet , it appears , to be convinced of the great aud otherwise unattainable benefits to
be derived from a National Association . For tho past few years of the existence of the Association , and when my health permitted , I took a constant and an active personal part in is management . I was deeply impressed with a sense of the importance of such a society , and most anxious that the benefits it was capable of producing , should be enjoyed alike by the honest and independent working man and the honest and fair dealing employer ; my exertions during these years were a source oi gratification , and tlieir remembrance now is a consolation . Hut for two or three years past I have been incapacitated for taking any active part in your affairs . Last year 1 have been enabled to do
so to a still smaller extent than in any former year . It gives me pain to sever the official connexion which has so Jong subsisted butwetn us ; but after fully and maturely considering the subject , I feel that tlie time has como when I should trader my resignation as President of tho Association . My great object in accepting that position was to promote to the fullest extent of my ability , and what influence I possessed , the welfare and tho permanent interests of tho industrious working men of Gre a t Br i t a in . I h ave cease d unfortun a tely to possess the health and vigour requisite for what I consider the proper discharge of the duties of that honourable and onerous position . I feel that
my longer continuance in it is neither consistent with the interests of the Association , not what 1 believe to be my duty to the working classes ; and , therefore , though with deep reluctance , I have come to tbe resolution I have announced to you . As I hare no wis h , however , that my resi gnation should in any way impede the ordinary operations of the Association , or impair its efficiency , I will , should such be your pleasure , continue until the close of tbe present session of parliament , to be your President ; and thus afford to you and the trades the opportunit y of appointing a successor , who will be able to serve you , and t o promot e t h c important ohjects of the Association better than
I can now do . Believe me , however , gentlemen , when I tell you , that though the state of my health thus compels the cessation of our official relations , I still continue to feel as deep and as ardent an interest as ever in the welfare of the industrious classes . Whatever affects their well-being will continue to be to me a source of anxiety , and to the extent my health and moans may permit , I shall ever be ready to promote their prosperity and advance their interests . It will bo to me a cause of sincere pleasure , if anything I may have done has
tended to that end ; and in conclusion , I trust t h at this Association will in future be so conducted as to win the confidence of the great body of the operatives of this country—that it may succeed in legally and constitutionally organising their strength and resources to a greater extent than hitherto—and thus still more effectually , and upon a larger scale , insure to my fellow-countrymen who live by their labour , tho benefits I had in view at its commencement—tbe peaceaWe enjoyment of the fruits of their own honest industry" A fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s labour . "
The Secretary then read the report of the Committee , which was received and adopted , and ordered to be printed . Numerous letters were then read from different bodies connected with the Association , generally exprossiveofthe entire satisfaction , with the proceedings of the Executive , and nominating them for re-elcc tion for the ensuing year . There being no other names put in nomination , the President , Treasurer , and Committee were duly elected . Mr . llowhuus then moved the thanks of the
Association to Mr . Duncombe . for his kind patronage to this movement ; and assured him that he retained unimpaired the confidence aud affection of the working classes of this country , who sincerel y regretted tho afflictions ho had so long laboured under , and fervently prayed that he mi ght bo restored to health , ami Jivo for many yours to guard and protect the rights of labour . The thanks of the Conference were also given to the proprietor aud editor ofthe "Northern Star / ' for their liberality in inserting the weekly articles and reprints of the Central Committee .
The thanks of the Conference was also passed to G . A . Fleming , Esq ., for his services as Treasurer to the Association . The other routine bus i ne s s b e ing d i s p o se d o f , the Conference was dissolved . William Peel , Secretary . 251 ) , Totfcenliam-court-road .
Seventh Annual Beport. The Central Commi...
SEVENTH ANNUAL BEPORT . The Central Committee present their seventh annual report to the members of tho Association under circumstances of extraordinary interest to themselves and the Association , . Tho past year has been to thorn one of intense anxiety , and of great difficulty . The
case of the Tin-plate Workers of Wolverhampton , which , at the period of tho last annual Conference , was under a negotiation for a friendl y adjustment between the employers of that town and your Committee , and which ,, . in their jud gment , presented every appearance of a speedy and satisfactory settlement , lias occupied almost tho exclusive attention of tlie Committee through the entire year .
Your Committee beg to recall attenlion to the following extracts ' from the last annual report , indicating the position of the case at that time , a nd the strong hopes that were then entertained . that the affair was susceptible of a solution which would be satisfactory , beneficial , and honourable to all parties concerned . At page fifteen of tho last report , tho Tin-plate Workers' case is thus alluded to : — -
"lour Committee , in a dd ition to tho ca se s enumerated , have for some timo been engaged in on important negotiation with the leading manufacturers in Wolverhampton , to induce them , ia conjuction with the Tin-plate Workers of that town , to agree upon a list of prices for the numerous articles of their manufacture , by whicii means many fruitful causes for dispute would bo removed , awl-the good understanding which it is so desirable So . promote between parties so intimately connected- , as master and workmen , materi al l y strengtbsned ,.
" Your . Gommittfe have great pleasure in stating , thaiaa- far as this important woris . h ; w progressed , t ! e £ ha . ve . g * aai . e ; ja 8 o for congratulation .
Seventh Annual Beport. The Central Commi...
' Tho employers , without a single exception have received your deputies with t | , rrcatest ktniiness and condescension , and have evinc *! a desire to promote the objects we have in view-But as the ease is still unsettled when this report is written , and as it is confessedly surrounded with difficulties of no ordinary character , your Committee feel they will be excused from onteriinj more fully into particulars . " * # * , * " Since the former notice of this case was placed in the bands of the printer , Messr s . Green and Peel have resumed the negotiation with the employers to effect an amicable adjustment of prices for the trade in that town .
' Ihcy have held repeated and lengthened interviews with the principal manufacturers , many prejudices have been removed from their minds ' , and a disposition fairly elicited to treat the subject in a spirit of mutual furbeuranee . The first proportions of the deputation to arrange a book of prices by a Conference of masters and men lias been conceded , and a further and important privilege granted—that two members of the Central Committee should assist at such Conference as advocates for the men upon general principles ; ami your Committee deem it but an net of justice to repeat here thc observation of the largest manufacturer at the lust interview with thc deputation : —
It , says he , 'the men gain anything by these proceedings , it is not to themselves they will be indebted , but to the courteous , judicious manner that you gentlemen have acted on their behalf . ' " Your Committee are justly proud of this compliment , not as paid to them or their colleagues , to whom it was addressed , but as a spontaneous , generous homage , paid to the superior principles of the "National Association , emana ti ng f r om a gentleman of wealth and great influence , and whom tho Tin-plate Workers of Wolverhampton have never before been able to meet in a spirit of conciliation . Your Committee trust that the same judicious bearing will ultimately bring this important matter to a happy termination , believing tbal in it the interests of both masters and men are inseparably involved . "
From the above extracts it will be readily imag ined with what sanguine expectations your Committee resumed tlieir mediatorial labours , and how severe is their present disappointment that those labours have terminated so unsatisfactorily . Your Committee consider it unnecessary to recapitulate in this report the various incidents which transpired during tho progress of the efforts to bring this aifair to a successful termination , inasmuch as the events , as they occurred , have been regularly reported in the columns of the " Northern Star , " and recently coudensed iuto a Narrative of Facts"
connected with this affair , and copies forwnrtied to each trade belonging to tho Association , a nd extensivel y circulated through the country . It is , therefore , merely requisite to state here , that , upon the failure of their mediatorial efforts to arrange the matter in dispute amicably , your Committee were called upon by the members of this Association to act in conformity with its laws and constitution . They complied with that request iu the spirit of that constitution ¦ and though two of tho firms engagediu that strugg le have , since its termination , thoug ht proper to include three members of your Committee in an indictment for
conspiracy , your Committee confidentl y believe that every step they took , and every action of theirs , with reference to the dispute , was strictl y in accordance with the law , as declared by judges of the highest reputation ; and they are sustained in this conviction by the approbation their conduct and policy elicited from the great body of the most respectable inhabitants of Wolverhampton , aa well as the civil and municipal authorities of that town . Perhaps your Committee cannot more briefly Jay before you a statement of the general
merits of the questions at issue between the Tinmen and the emp loyers , aud the opinions entertained by the authorities on the subject , than by quoting the following " Minutes of the proceedings before the Mayor and Magistrates upon the invitation of Mr . Edward Perry , the princi pal emp loyer , who resisted tho introduction of a . uniform and equitable book of prices for the same kind of work . " This document was printed and published under tho sanction of the mayor , aud may fairl y be taken to be conclusive as to the merits of the dispute : —
Decision of the Magistrates on the important question between Mr . E . Perry and the Tin-plate Workers of Wolverhampton . The worshipful the Mayor , agreeably to the request of Mr . E . Perry , convened a meeting of the magistral s at the Town Hall this day , to which meeting his worship invited Messrs , Green and Winters , the delegates of the United Trades' Association , likewise four Tin-plate Workers from Mr . E . Perry ' s manufactory , one from the Old Hall , and one from Messrs . Shoolbred ' s . B . II . Bartlett , Esq ., solicitor , was also in attendance , on behalf of . tbe working men , and their differences were submitted to the bench , the Mayor being in the chair . A lengthened statement was made on both sides , and
listened to by the bench , we are happy to say , with thc usual attention and interest . The gist of the complaints of the men was . / i'st , that Mr . E . Perry had inveigled his men into unfair and one-sided agreements : and , secondly , that Mr . Perry objected to pay the same price ( for the labour of his workmen ) as had been and is being paid by Messrs . Walton and Suoolbreu * ( tho two largest manufacturers in the town ) to their workmen . It should be understood , that the Mayor and other magis trates assembled and acted as mediators in this unpleasant affair , with the consent of both parties . The magistrates haging retired for a considerable time , r e t ur n e d into court , and the Mayor delivered the unanimous opinion of the magistrates in tho following words : —
The Mayor said , "It is a great satisfaction to me , that on this occasion other magistrates , unconnected with manufacturers , have kindly given me their assistance , and being unanimous Fn the opinion we have formed , wo have determined to give it without binding any other party to it ; we think such a course the most likely ono-to terminate these dissensions . " Mr , Perry has addressed us at great length , and requires from us protection in the carrying on of his business ; ho represents that workmen willing to work for him are insulted and intimidated , and that he is subject to great annoyances , because be does not subscribe to a certain book of prices settled by the Tin-plate Workers of the town . Since
the Combination Acts have been repealed , the working classes have the fullest right to most and discuss their interests , and to be advised by whoever tbey please , but they have no right to interfere with others by coercion or insult , and if there be any one duty more incumbent than another upon magistrates , it is that of restraining the power of physical force against individual liberty , and Mr . Perry may rest assured , that he will not appeal in vain to the magistrates of Wolverhampton on that point : we willsit at midnight , if necessary , to enforce law and peace . With reference to the book of prices , we have nothing to do with it unless assented to Toy all parties ; nor is it by any meeting ov printed
hook that the price of labour can ultimately be adjusted ; it must depend upon-the varying state of trade and other circumstances , too numerous to mention . Thc woikmenmay bo emphatically assured , that it is not by thc ' iv meeting am \ writing down any list of prices that will in the end determine the price of labour . In the absence of exact t e rms , tho magistrates can know nothing but the nuttket price of work for the timo being . And this brings us to the question whether Mr . Perry is now bound to pay that price ? It seems that all the workmen u s u al ly emp loyed by him have left his manufactory , except those who are undor written contracts . B y t h ose contracts , judging from the one
before us , he engages to pay each workman such wages as he paya other workmen in his manuliU ' - tory ; but if tl : ey are all hired , to what standard arc wo to refer ? Others can remain or not , as thoy like , and a manufacturer can employ them or not , as be can an ' oid , and it is one of tho objections to long ' . lyvceinMits for service , that if wager rise , and those hired aro bound to work for less than their fellow labourers , discontent is sure to arise . The magistrates , therefore , do always regret to see agreements for Ions period * , and they have an objection to commit upon them , unless absolutely necessary ; but Mr . Perry must not conclude that tliis implies any objection to give him every protection iu our power . The resolves itself into this
question , however , now : What rate of wages is Mr . Perry b oun d to g ive under existing circumstances ? To whom are we to refer for the market price of the day ? To Ms . Perry's own list and and the list of three other houses acting avowedly in concert with him , or t o the other houses of tho town ? In our opinion we should he obliged to refer to the latter as tbe standard of value , for this amongst other reasons , tir-t if a workman were not bound by contract lie might go to tho . « o bouses and obtain their wages . This , we think , would be tho rule adopted iii Courts of Law , and we hope this expression of our opinion will termiuato those unfortunate differences . "
Seventh Annual Beport. The Central Commi...
Magistrates present : Tho Mavor— G . llobinso " , Esq . j W . F . Fryer , Esq . j H , G . 11 . Whitgreave ' ksq . ; Aldermen J . Walker and Andrews . , Dr . Mannix , one of the County Magi st r ates , having been informed of the decision of the Uonch on tins important subject , although not present on tho occasion has given permission to publish his nama a * coinciding most cordially with the above decision ot his bro her magistrates . Dated this 24 th Day of October , 1850 . As this arbitration was called for at She
request of Mr Perry hiin 8 elf jfc ^ ^ been expected that some respect would hava been paid to a decision thus publicly and solemnl y arrived ' at ; on the contrary , it was treated with contempt b y those wh o a p plied for it , the motives of the magistrates were openly impugned , and a dispute , which your Committee endeavoured most Ctirnestl y to avert , was protracted for many months , to tho deep regret of your Committee , who were at all timos ready to meet the case in a
conciliatory spirit , and to submit tbe claims of tho members of this Association to an impartial arbitration . Believing this prosecution , instituted sinco tho termination of the struggle , will , if successful , place all forms of Trades Unions out of the pale of the law , your Committee have appealed to the general body of the working classes for a publ ic s ubs cription in aid of the defence of Messrs . Pee ) , Green , and Winters , members of thc Association .
The report theu proceeds to detail several c a ses which have been arr a ng e d b y the Committ e e a n d broug ht to a satisfactory conclusion through their official characters as mediators ; and thus economising the moans of the members , and saving to the employers all the losses and inconvenience arising from the sudden , a nd too frequentl y inconsiderate , withdrawal of men from their employment . The cases particularly alluded to in the report have occurred in the cases of tho Tin Plate Workers of Birmingham , tho Carpet Weavers of Kidderminster , the JBobbin Turners of Todmorden , the Thick Wire Drawers , and the Fender Makers of Birmingham , & c .
Ill ail these cases , and somo of them involving points of gre a t interest , tho conciliatory princi ple of the Association has been found most effective ; aud there can be no doubt tbat , to all the parties interested , theiv best and truest interests have been promoted , and useloss , but otherwise unavoidable , expenditure has been prevented throug h the instrumentalit y of this most useful aud effective Association .
lu-oni the above reports it will be seen thai ; fewer cases of oilered reductions have occurred during the past year than in any one since tho commencement of the Association . This m a y mainl y be attributed to the improved state of trade ; but certainl y in and about Birmingham , where tho power and influence of the National Association is dul y appreciated , a great portion ot this quiet state of things may fairly be ascribed to its moral influence . Your Committee aro happy to report that , during the p as t year , several important sectious ofthe industrious classes have joined the
Association , and had the Central Committee been in a condition to pay a greater attention to the important duty of propagating , by lectures and visits to the busy hives of industry ,, a knowled ge of its princip l e s and objects , they believe that a greater progress would have been made than they are now able to report . They are , however , gratified in stating , that from their correspondence , and from general observation of passing occurrences ,.
they arc p leased to fiud sufficient evidence to warrant tlieir belief that they have lived down an immense wei ght of opposition and prejudice , and that the working men of England are drawing * nearer aud nearer to a just appreciation of that position which can alono enable them to withstand successfully tho crushing influence of those adverse circumstances , which is constantl y tending to make wider the breach which separates ( unnaturall y ) cap ital from labour .
Aa opinion is therefore hazarded b y your Committee thatit becomes daily more necessary that the scattered elements of labour should be attracted to a common centre , from which it may bo abb- to grasy a more en ' larwcd view of the eireu-iist-uwes which are constantly opei-. ithig ai . ou its uo &^ uy , TliO causes which h * ' . ! ' called this Aasi ' iciatioii iuto oxisteuce are stiii in full operation . Your Committee aro again um ' or the " . lawful necessity of reporting tho continued iihitsa of their respected President , T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., who nevertheless has not abated in his
warm interest and sympath y with regard to tlie objects of the Association , of which your Committee have had another generous manifestation , in being honoured by bis spontaneous contribution of twenty guineas towards tlio defence of the nine persons implicated in tho alleged Wolverhampton Conspiracy . Your Committee feel assured that such repeated nets of kindness cannot fall to bo duly appreciated by the members of tho association , and by tlie working classes generally , and to insure for that gentleman their lasting gratitude , and efficient public support upon any and every occasion when such support may be necessary .
The Official Auditors Annual Report will bo dul y forwarded to each body in connexion with the Association ; aud your Committee cannot but congratulate tho members upon the steady improvement in tho position of the Association , which they hope will be more striking l y developed in the ensuing year . Your Committee cannot close this report without calling the " attention of the members to tho unusual liberality of the proprietor and editor of the " Northern Star , " who , b y the regular and gratuitous insertion of reports taid articles forwarded by your Committee , have contributed so materially to awaken and keep alive the interest of the masses iu this movement .
Your Committee think , ther e f o re , that tho "Northern Star , " which , under its present editorial management , is essentiall y a working man ' s paper , d e ser v es , and should receive the greatest possible support b y tlie members of this Association . W . Peicl , Secretory .
Lir.Kiutiox Or Ivosstmi.—On Tuesday Even...
Lir . KiUTiox or Ivosstmi . —On Tuesday evening a public meeting of tee inhabitant * of Gbsgow was held in the City-hail , called by the Lord Provost , in consequence cf a requisition sent him for tic purpose , to meitiorialidc the Uritish povernment to inwrpoae its influence to procure the liboation of Di'i illustrious Kossuth and his brave cofrpanions , ami thoir restoration to all tbe rights and privileges of free citizens of the world . " The following rrsolutions were unanimously agreed to : — ' Tbat this meeting- deeply sympathise with all such as are tb'i victim ' s cf civil " and ecclesiastical despotism throughout the world , but in the meantime feel specially called upon to extend a becoming amount of hospitality to those exiles who have taken an active par : in tbe lato struggle f » r independence in Hungary , and who of their
own free choiee have sought a homo nttd ah honest est mean ' s of living , in this land so famous for the ibe shelter it has afforded alike to the oppressor and ind the oppressed oftlio various nations on tho fact- of of the L'li'Iio . ' "' " That this meetinif of the citizens of 3 of G ' a .-i-ow present a respectful memorial to Lord ord Paliuewtoii , her . . Majesty ' * Secretary of State for for li . rt . ign Attniw , m tbe hope that be may be still still SST mW 0 " - ° V' etforts as :, re distent tent . nth h * . ngrt oihiio , in endeavouring to procure the the KntA ^ i \ v- ? r , ^'" Patriots now confined at ; d » t . K ttajah , vi , th 0 TorJsi . li territory . " A com- com- . h ^ Zl ^ f ^^ ' tomr ' out t ,, c views , lews ! eie expressed . When the meeting broke up there there > , SU ) U ]\ rush of peopl- - ' to give the Hungarians , rians ,, otwhomthereneronveonthepialform , a hearty . oariy ;/ Miauo of the hand , that some oonfu > ion and delay delay s took place before the hall was cleared .
Afimir oi' 1 Io . vodr .--A hostile meeting took tookt placo early on Tuesday moron )? , between Lieut . S . ut . S . . M . Hawkins , of the OTCii f ooU and Viscount count t aialdon , Royal Horse Guards JJlue , the forme ? ormer ? attended by Mr . K . h . Denys . tho latter by Captain iptam ft Brownri « f . Lord Mnldon received the lire ot hisot hiss adversary , " and discharged his pisiol m the air . . e air . . Thus far th © affiijr terminated . , . , . The Marchioness of Lothian tnu received into i into 0 tie lioiiM Catholic Chu rch on Wednesday last . ist .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 14, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14061851/page/5/
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