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LETTERS which enlisted the enthusi Febru...
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LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES. XXXV. "W...
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DRAINING THE MINES OF SIERRA MORENA. An ...
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-I.U15L1U MEETINGS. THE WRONGS OP IRELAN...
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UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE TRIUMPHANT. Am.immens...
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VIOLATION OF THE TEN HOURS FACTORY ACT. ...
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Anti-State Church Association.—A meeting...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Letters Which Enlisted The Enthusi Febru...
Februaby 17 , 1849 . mTT-r , « ,. - ' THE NORTITflttN STAP l . " ¦ . .. 5
Letters To The Working Classes. Xxxv. "W...
LETTERS TO THE WORKING CLASSES . XXXV . "Words are things , and a small drop of ink Faffing—like dew—upon a thought , produces That which makes thousands , perhaps milliom , think . " bybox . LETTERS
PARLIAMENT AND THE PEOPLE . Brother Proletarians , Thus far the gentlemen who , with matchless modesty , assume ihe title of the " Collective WMomof the State , " have prosecuted their " labours" after the good old fashionalternating the performance of mischief with the doing of nothing . On Monday last , the " Commons" as good as passed ihe Bill for the further Suspension of the Habeas Corpus in . Ireland , —the second reading was carried , and the clauses adopted . The Bill now only waits the form of a " third
reading . This evening , the House was counted out at 4 o ' clock , to prevent a debate on Major BtiCKAii ' s motion on the Condition of Ireland . Neither Whigs , Tories , nor [ Radicals (?) could he found in sufficientnumbers to constitute a House for the purpose of considering the sufferings of the Irish people , with a new to the adoption of measures of amelioration . Alread y our legislators suffer from " the fatigues of the Session ! " Fi ghting with shadows appears to be no joke , for the task of providing for derepression of a non-existent rehellion has so taxed their ph ysical and mental powers , that—poor Mows—they have already been compelled to seek relaxation from their toils !
It is just one fortnight since the Session commenced , and already there has been one 'count out . " Of course , the nation can afford to put up with this loss of time . At any rate there is no probability of a national remonstrance . There is the secret of Parliamentary misdoings . Ministers and Members do as they please , because ofthe criminal apathy of the people . Were the people of this country re solute in demanding Reform for both England and Ireland—Justice for themselves andtheir
Irish brethren , —there would be no " countings out" But , seeing that the masses are indifferent to their own interests , and careless of the doings of their rulers , what wonder that those rulers prefer their own ease and aggrandisement to the welfare of the many ? It is not tyrants that make slaves , hut slaves that make tyrants . The people court oppression , and encourage misgovernment ; and , I say , they deserve that their masters should ride , spur , and lash them , until hapl y by suffer * ing they may learn to hate , resist and
overcome oppression . Reproach not the Parliament , denounce not ihe Whi gs ; reproach and denounce yourselves , for you are the perpetuators of your own wrongs . "When Hook abroad , and behold what Other nations have done and suffered for Freedom and the sacred Rights of Man , and when I contrast therewith the miserable movements of my countrymen , I can no more say with the poet"England , with all thy faults , I love thee still . "
On the contrary , I blush to think that , throughout the old world and the new , the name of Englishman is a mark for the scorn and hatred of mankind . In other countries , an English working man is supposed to be a spiritless slave , who has but two desires—to work and to guzzle ; whilst the classes above the rank of workmen , are looked upon as heartless grasping traffickers , intent only upon the
aggrandisement of the big British Money-Powerthe curse and scourge of the world . These views , though unjust when made to embrace all Englishmen , are yet just in the main . Our newspapers proclaim the character of the " superior" and " respectable " cla 8 ses , andthe slavish apathy of the mass of the working classes justifies the sweeping condemnation pronounced upon us by our brethren of other lands .
Occasionally , a shout for " Reform" or the "Charter" is heard hy neighbouring nations , and then they say , " At last the English are moving . " Yes , -we move ; but how ? Like the tide . We advance only to recede . A little persecution , a trifling disappointment , or the too sanguine hopes of immediate success not realised ; these , or either of these , will suffice to send excited masses back to their garrets , cellars , and hovels , there to grumble , growl and groan ; until excess of suffering provokes another " movement" fated , in its turn , to give place to another term of popular apathy and despair .
The lack of perseverance is the curse ofthe working class . I admit exceptions . Individuals , numbering altogether thousands , are everywhere to be found , who have never wearied in the good work of struggling for the tr iumph of Justice . There is not on this earth a nobler sight than that of a man who , grey with years , and worn down hy poverty and the sickness of "hope deferred , " yet clings to the principles of his youth , and , in spite of time and trouble , still holds fast to that belief in Human Progression which first made him a Hefbrmer . Such men are the
pride of our order , the salt of the earth . It too often happens , that the enthusiasm of youth perishes beneath the frosts of advancing years ; but I make bold to say , never when men have adopted a principle for that principle ' s own sake . There are men yet living who , in their youth , toiled with Cartwright and Hardy ; in the strength of their manhood with Hu & 'T and Cobbett ; and who , in their old age , are still faithful to the good old cause . While I write this , I have in my mind ' s eyea friend who , some thirty years ago , witnessed the judicial murder of poor Wilson at Glasgow , and who is as ardent now as he was then in his advocacy ofthe righteous p rinciples for which poor Wilson suffered martyrdom . The
unceasing sacrifices of time , health , money , and family comfort , made by the men who form the Chartist Councils , Defence and Victim Committees , & c , cannot be properly described , and their services cannot be too highly rated . Such men deserve well of their country . But , if the truth must be told , such men are—comparatively speaking —few . Their perseverance , their energy , their und ying devotion to Principle , cannot be too highly extolled . But they are , I repeat , the few . They set an example not followed by the great body of tiieir order j were it otherwise , there would be no Parliamentary counts-out , as long as a wrong remained unredressed , or a right unratified .
hi tiie spring of last year the Government affected to be alarmed at the Chartist demonstrations . But the alarm was affected , nothing more . The experience of 1839 , and 1842 , had taught the Whigs that popular excitement was but a bubble . It may be asked "Why then did they affect alarm ? " Because they desired to secure the support of the oourgeoisie , always to be influenced by the cry of " property in danger . " Backed by the voting and jury class , the Whigs knew they ^ ght go any length in coercing the few staunch men who were dangerous , because ftey were in earnest . The result ofthe " exofthe
citement" has justified the calculations Cuemies of Chartism . Most ofthe leaders are * a prison , and their followers are — nowhere ! All the reasons which existed twelve months ago for demanding the Charter , still hold 8 °° d . Then , six-sevenths of the adult male Papulation were unrepresented , and stiU that sigantic grievance is unredressed . Then , a ^ latitude of laws cumbered the Statute-Book , hostile to the freedom and well-being of the ^ ople , and still those laws remain . Then , the * 'Sats of Labour , and the interests of the in-^ rious classes , were outraged or uncared for , J * stiU themany are sacrificed for the benefit of l few . Why then abandon , in 1849 , the cause
Letters To The Working Classes. Xxxv. "W...
which , enlisted the enthusiasm so strikingly manifested in the early part of 1848 ? The conduct ofthe Legislature and Government in the past year , instead of causing popular apathy , should stimulate popular action . The utter destruction of civil liberty in Ireland , the passing of the Gagging Bill , the employment of Spies , and the remorseless persecution directed against the defenders of the Rights of Labour , furnish additional reasons for seeking that political power which will enable the people to put an end to Class Legislation , and prevent , for the future , the pcrsecntion of men whose worst crime is that of preferring the rights of the many to the privileges of the few . . xrhTr-r , oni . v *^ * i . xi ... ,.., _ . ,
Lamenting the sufferings of our incarcerated toends , I nave to congratulate you , brethren , on the escape of some of our champions from the clutches of their and your enemies . The Mends I allude to are not our countrymen , but they are none the less our brethren . On the 8 th inst ., Dr . Schneider , the newly-elected deputy ( to the Prussian Assembly ) for Cologne , Dr . Marx , chief Editor of the New Rhenish Gazette , and Citizen Scrapper , also connected with that excellent journal , were brought to
trial in the Court of Assizes , on the charge of having incited to rebellion by publishing a circular urging the people not to pay taxes , in obedience to the orders issued by the late National Assembly in Berlin . A verdict of " Uot Guilty was returned amidst the enthusiastic applause of a densely crowded Court . This is glorious news . Dr . Schneider is one of the most ardent democrats in Germany . Dr . Marx I know personally , and know him to be a : man of transcendant talent and the
most sterling patriotism . He ia one of the great men of the future . His day is fast coming . When it comes , woe to the enemies of Labour ; Carl Scrapper is known to more than myself ; personally , to thousands in this metropolis , and by name , to tens of thousands in this country . When in England he was ever ready to give Ms fraternal aid to the cause of the English Proletarians , and they cannot but rejoice in the triumph of their gallant and courageous friend . Carl Scrapper ( by marriage and long residence in this country half an Englishman ) is the beau ideal
of a democrat—the remorseless and untiring foe of injustice in every shape . Glory to the acquitted democrats of Cologne , and victory to tiie good cause which has been so signall y served by their triumph over the dirty tools of the hypocritical King of Prussia J My next Letter will be devoted to a special subject ; but , that disposed of , I hope , the week following , to commence a seriesof Letters suggesting to the good men and true a course of action , calculated to make the Chartist movement a verity , and hasten the time when the Charter shall he made the law of the land . X'Aui du Peuple . February 15 th , 1849 .
Draining The Mines Of Sierra Morena. An ...
DRAINING THE MINES OF SIERRA MORENA . An English company have leased ( he celebrated silver mines of Guadalcanal , in Seville , in Spain , which have been under water for a period of 150 years . Before that time they produced to -the Spanish government £ 100 , 000 per annum in duties alone , and from the proceeds of these the Palace of the Escurial was built . They were the property of the Fuehars , rich contractors , who , not satisfied with the enormous wealth they derived from them , secretly took away the ores from a new lode they discovered without giving notice to the government , and , to prevent imprisonment and confiscation , they let the water into the mine , and for 150 years they have remained in the state ia which they were thus left by them . About six months ago , however , the
mines were purchased by an English company on the most advantageous terms , and a capital of £ 10 , 000 was raised amoag a few English adventurers , in order to work them . Mr . Nicholas Harvey , of Hayle , who drained the Lake of Haarlem , in Holland , being one of them , and an engine of great power having been obtained , and transported under the direction of Captain Michel ! and the engineer , Mr . Duncan Shaw , to the mine , bids fair soon to drain the 120 fathoms , and discover its hidden wealth once more . From advices received since the publication of the following account the engine has drained the mine in one month to the thirty-one fathoms level , and some very valuable specimens of silver ore have been taken from the lodes , and are now on their way to England .
The account which follows is translated from the Madrid paper El Clamor Publico : — 'In the month of September last we furnished oar readers with the history of the silver mines of Guadalcanal ; we related the manner in which those rich veins were discovered by two Spanish peasants , the enormous quantities of ore which they yielded daring 140 years ; then how , in order to free themselves from the proceedings instituted by the Court of Madrid , the proprietors fled , having
first taken the precaution of flooding the mines . We recounted the oft-repeated , but invariably unsuccessful attempts of the Spanish government and private companies to drain the water from the mines , and render them fit for working . After having given this history , supported by official documents , we announced the departure from England of a vessel laden with powerful apparatus , manned by fifteen atout Cornish miners , and commanded by two distinguished engineers , Mr . Duncan Shaw and Captain Michell .
'Since then all things have smiled on this important undertaking . The vessel has made a quick and prosperous passage , lauded its crew and machinery on the quay of Seville , and both the men and the apparatus have passed over , without inconvenience , and fifty-four miles which separated that city from the place of their destination . 1 The preparatory work accomplished , the dwelling and mining habitations in a condition to receive their new inmates and the draining implements , it only remained to put the latter in order and prepare all things necessary for commencing operations . Ten weeks sufficed for the engineer and his assistants to bring this task to a satisfactory conclusion , and all was ready on the 23 rd December . '
The gigantic pump might consequently have entered on its subterraneous labours from that day . But , like a thorough Englishman , the engineer determined to give the inauguration of the enterprise a solemn date—that of Christmas Day . He went further ; he assembled some of the nobilities ofthe country , and , like a true son of Albion , collected on the spot a quantity of solids and liquids sufficient to have satisfied the cravings of a thousand famished Irishmen . The results of this step weie advantageous , for instead of some fifty persons , the entire population ot the nei g hbouring country docked to the scene of the enterprise . Alcalde , lawyers , riestsshopkeepers , men , women , and children ,
dep , serted the little town of Guadalcanal , and braved , ¦ ome on foot , other * on mule * , the most abominable of all things—a Spau- ' sh road . The undertaking excited in a high degree the curiosity of these people , and interested them in other respects . But , however persuaded they might be of the superiority of British skill and perseverance , they were generally doubtful of success ; the oldest among them shrareinir their shoulders while they related to butrounding groups the traditions bequeathed to the country of the many unfortunate attempts made and
abandoned . , At length the signal is given , the steam growls in its iron-bound cage , and the huge machine begins to move its fonnidable valves . After two centuries of darkness the water beholds the light , and . flows , stream-like , making large farrows in the earth , alter the manner of the torrent * of Arias . The entire population run from the pump to the -well , regarding with feverish anxiety the playof the former , and its effects on the latter . After four hours' labour , which no obstacle could overcome or even dimmish , the order to desist is given by the engineer . The water-mark had been lowered five feet , and this
result , which surpassed the most sanguine expectations of the workmen themselves , was received with uproarious acclamations by the assembled multitude . , On the morrow , the dawn had no sooner lightened theSierra-Mo tena than cries of joy and shouts of merriment were yet to be distinguished , together with English and Spanish songs commingled and confttsed . -
-I.U15l1u Meetings. The Wrongs Op Irelan...
-I . U 15 L 1 U MEETINGS . THE WRONGS OP IRELAND . A public meeting was held at tho Literary and * £ I Institution , John-street , Fitaroy-square , on tne above subject , on Wednesday evening , February 14 th . Mr . Utting was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . M ' Grath read and moved the resolution as follows : — "That in the opinion of this meeting , the agricultural , mineral , marine , and other resources of Ireland , if properly developedahddirected , are more than sufficient for the maintenance in plenty , comfort , and independence of her entire population . That the mismanagement of Ireland is a frievous source of injury and oppression to the laouring and artisan classes of England . We therefore call upon Parliament now assembled , to devise
practical industrial remedies for the employment of the population , and to abandon , now and for ever , their perverse , coercive , and unstatesmanlike policy towards that unhappy country . " Mr M'Grath said the resolution contained some important points . The committee had thought the Irish question a most important one ; and scarce a newspaper in either England , Ireland , or Scotland , was there , but was endeavouring at the present time to solve the Irish difficulty , but it was beyond their capability ; and he believed it must go to other heads than those of Sir George Grey , Lord John Russell , or Sir John Jervis—he believed it never would be effectually solved until the great mass of Englishmen and Irishmen were represented— -in fact it must bo a parliament ofthe whole people that must
solve it . No country on the face , of the earth was so badly off as Ireland . Ministers admitted that thousands of her people were daily perishing ; yet was Ireland peculiarly blessed by providence T She had the noblest harbours—the most spacious mines and the finest mineral productions—the great want was a ministry that could and would apply those blessings to her children . ( Loud cheers . ) You have had tho Queen ' s Speech , you have had the Minister ' s proposition ; what is it ? Why a miserable dole of £ 50 , 000 . True ; it bore a semblance of philanthropy on its face , hut even this was accompanied by another measure . Ay , Whigs were never in office hut they exercised their penchant for coercion . ( Heat ; hear . ) Last year we saw them invest Lord Clarendon
with extraordinary powers , making him complete autocrat of Ireland ; but the ori g inal period of his autocratic rule having nearl y expired , the merciless Whigs proposed to extend it . Mr . M'Grath here entered into an eloquent description of the atrocious Whigmeasure , showing that the patriot O'Higgins , or any person else , could be locked up at will , and when they were pleased to release them , no redress—no rendering any account—no , for they were never brought to trial ; and the Lord-Lieutenant had exercised this power pretty freely , having ' arrested not less that one hundred and twenty persons . ( Shame , shame . ) It is astonishing with what celerity such measures are passed , but when a bill is required for the benefit of the people , how slowly does it -drag its length along — how
long before it assumes a shape and form . What occasion for coercive measures exists at the present time ? Ireland is remarkably quiet—perfectly calm . When the hot blood of Young Ireland was pouring forth its enthusiastic eloquence , it might be feigned as an- excuse , but now the stillness of death prevails . Yet strange though it may appear , the Humes , the Colonel Thompsons , the LawrenceHeyworths , —yesthat Lawrence Heyworth who at Derby , pledged himself to support everything that was good , liberal , and just , and to offer opposition to all that was oppressive , illiberal , ana tyrannical—and that Colonel Thompson , who was one ofthe six members who signed his name to the People ' s Charter , when it was first proposed , the Wh
supported igs in their nefarious careerbut the constituency of Bradford would not forget his vote . Joseph Hume made one of the most incongruous and tyrannical speeches ever heard , denying the right of any agitation existing in Ireland ; but , surely , if agitation was good for England it must he equally beneficial for Ireland ; and it would be our duty , when Mr . Hume appeared at a public meeting , to ask him why he so acted ? ( Loud cheers . ) We are told the Irish are indisposed to labour—that they are idle ; but he looked on this as the foulest , blackest calumny . "Why you will find Irishmen in this metropolis doing the heaviest , dirtiest work , in order to obtain a livelihood ; and they were equally willing in their own native land . Waste lands abounded in Ireland , * it was said they
were the property of the aristocracy ; but suppose it was so , was that any reason the people should starve ? Five million acres of waste land would employ at least one million of persons ; and if this live million acres was let at a moderate rental , it would raise a fund sufficient to reclaim the whole waste lands , and ultimately raise such a revenue as would enable the ministers to remit the whole taxation of Ireland . ( Loud cheers . ) Ireland was now forced down beyond degradation point . A wise statesman would endeavour to elevate her by the adoption of a system that would -ensure prosperity and happiness to the whole of her sons ; but , alas ! her aristocratic progenitors were mere adventurers—old soldiers—and their sons acted as became the wisdom of their sires . ( Laughter and
loud applause . ) He thought the better way would be to repeal the Act of Union , as this would give the absentees an interest in returning and residing on their native soil . Ireland had another curse—her Church Establishment . It was monstrous to make a person pay for a religion which he deemed false , but he had no hope of a remedy being found until such time as Englishmen and Irishmen had the means of returning better men to parliament than your class of Humes and Thompsons . The resolution spoke of sending labourers over here . Of course , if there was » surplus of hands in Ireland , it was natural that thoy
should come here m quest of employ , which must depreciate the value of labour in the English market , and thus was the labourer of England made a sufferer by Irish misery . The remedy was evenhanded justice to all : then would Irishmen be elevated in the scale of society , andlreland be no longer a mere sea-bound dungeon—a monster penitentiary , with a Clarendon for its gaoler . ( Great applause . ) Again he said , let justicebe done ; then misery and squalid wretchedness shall disappear , serfs he no more known , and the land shall be covered with happy homes , and Ireland be a nation of freemen . ( Great applause . )
Mr . Stallwood , in a neat brief speech , seconded the resolution . . The Chairman said , the resolution which had been so very ably moved and seconded , had his full concurrence . It was then put , and carried unanimously . Mr . Thomas Clark came forward amidst considerable applause , and said Ireland had called forth long discussions and much ability . Sir George Grey had spoken a long time , and managed to saynothing . ( Loud laughter . ) Sir George Grey had been au the way to New York for a letter ( M * Ghee ' s ) , on which letter he had founded his reason for an extension of the Coercion Bill . He ( Mr . Clark ) thought that he might have found something better at New York than a mere letter—their system of fovernment , for instance . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . tallwood had alluded to John O'Connell , but he also was but a miniature of Daniel , and was " used up , " —( Laughter)—and he ( Mv . Clark ) was like Sir Charles Coldstream , for he really could see "
nothing in him ; " at best , he only represented the bigotry of Ireland . Speaking of the parliamentary session , the letter he should do himself th « pleasure of reading to them , would show that their meetings did not end in mere words . It was from Lord Dudley Stuart , who had presented the petition agreed to at our last meeting . It was as followa : — House of Commons , Friday , Feb . 9 th , 1849 . Sb , —I have just presented the petition , agreed to at the meeting in John-street , which you intrusted to me . " It-is against the rules of the house to read any part of a petition except the prayer ; but I took care to state , very fully , the substance of the views and arguments of the petition ) and I am enabled to inform you that it created a good deal of interest amongst the members present , some of whom , — particularly the chief commissioner of the Poor Laws , Mr . Baines , who has just taken the seals—expressed their satisfaction that 1 had placed the petition so fuUy before the House , It is to be printed , I am , Sir , yours faithfully , To Mr . W . Dixon . Ddm-bx Courts Stoabt .
Mr . Clabk then read and moved the following petition : — W THE HO . VO 0 BABLE THE COMMONS OP OREAT BBlTADf AND
IBELAWO IS rAMAAMBST ASSEMBLED . The petition of the inhabitants of the parish of St . Paneras , in the borough of Marylebone , in public meeting assembled , this 13 th day of February , 1849 . Shewethj—That your petitioners have heard with feelings of alarm and indignation that a bill for the further suspension ofthe Habeas Corpus Act in Ireland , to continue in operation for six months after the expiration of the present act has passed a second time through your honourable House . That jour petitioners , have long deplored the coercive character of the legislation which your honourable House has pursued towards the people of that unhappy country , and lament that , although the gross inefficiency of former coercive measures has been fuUy demonstrated that your honourable House is not yet alive to the felly and vnckedneas of such a mode of maintaining the " mild" sway of
Britain in what , as in bitter mockery , is caUeu the sister island . " ' . That yonr petitioners are of opinion that the reasons assigned by her Majesty's Ministers for thus inflicting upon the people of Ireland a longer deprivation of the rights of the constitution , are quite contemptible , andean be deemed as satisfactory only by a House of Commons more subser" ent to theVM of the exovm than conservative ofthe ^ jSySfii hare also to complain of the demand ofhwWes ^ Hinlsters for an additional advance T «« n « for tiiemttiltation of Irish pauperism , and have to S ^ Krable House Wt the industrious to .. !^ $ thisi country , whose limited resources are thus & Xrto bfeScbedI upon , are already borne down . by f ^ n ^ onVSnt of taxation which is extracted from SZVteZS of institutions with which they have them , for the "" SP" ^ appear to your petitioners to bo TJ ^ r ^ X & T ^ Sv ^ o ^ £ the dominant designed rattier m ^ xn r ngSnBltaterertB . Your classes than for tteproreu recommend to the E ^^ $ fa £ ^^ & proprietv of wto-? u ? to % any farther sums of money out of tne British
-I.U15l1u Meetings. The Wrongs Op Irelan...
renciushedIvf JW ^ ™™ S that its coffers can be are n readv ESnW . " strious Masses of England , who ! SSitt « M ^ ^ . a ' BSi * " * a bravean ( i «*>• . w ^ V * * PetitJoners toave father to reprobate the con-? £ l *? P , resent > « " > « eU as the past adn & iistrations for heir cul pable connivance at the maimer in whKe _ dutles of property" have been performed in Ireland Your petitioners have observed at all times , a readiness on the part of your honourable House , toadd tithe terror ? le oi ine law
rociiy , in vindication of the " rights of property" m that ; country , againstthedepredations of povertv butyour petitioners have not in a solitary instance , wk ST ^ J Lfm ? "k ? * t 0 defend B » star W and vS , hL P r rom ^ cruel and murderous attacks which have been made upon them by the rich , in their rumous and desolating management of the lana of ™ d hnnnnr ? W 0 n T ? IlagCmen l the " ^ government of vour flnoZftri JS ""? , ^ traceable , nearly all those social Sifl ^ r wbich make Whmdl wre tched , and hind 6 and Ofchoaouronthe name of Engwiwi ^ P ° tition » s are of opinion that the poor of bu a ^ vourTn Vant S & " ** >' honourable House , JrifSSS ?^ ho oun We House persists in regarding your , nnrinn * most wtoP 646 " * judge in the affairs of another ? £ ncn' y ^ tet'boners would submit to your honourable liouse the following facts , upon which they pray your SSvI e tocommcnce taunedJate and practical
oM L 7 oB lT d & W a country abounding in mineral l * I ? S ?? Wc productions , and is Intersectedly important and highly valuable navigable rivers . «; h «»» T «; I rela ? d > geographical , is most admirably !« S 1 « l ^ ?^ S tensive commercial transactions , ™ . « wnf ? T u ays « " « 'harbours , is capable of affording ^ quailed shelter to a mercantile navy . b ?« iSlTii . ™ , Ire m * has immense fisheries , which ought piStion ; employment to large numbers ofthe po-4 th . —That the Irish people are proverbial fortheirgenius at home , and never-tiring industry abroad , and that under circumstances where labour is rewarded at anything Vike a remunerative rate . Irishmen generally distinguish themselves m the van of toilers
. , Jtb . —That the return of the Savings Banks of Ireland show a large amount of providence and economy , as wen as . the existence of considerable capital iu that country , as wejl as industry to produce it . . fith . —That the foregoing facts prove that what Ireland requires is neither a Suspended Constitution , Coercion Bill , or Charity ; but Simply a proper application of her great resources , and a good and wise government to superintend and protect them ; and should your honourable House notfeel yourself included in such description of a government , and , unequal , as your petitioners behove you to be , to amalgamate the illimitable resources of Ireland , so as to make
that people happy , it is thesincere and earnest desire of vour petitioners that your honourable House should forthwith cease to administer the affairs of Ireland altogether and allow the people of that country to possess the government of themselves ; but should your honourable House disregard the prayer of your petitioners , and still continue to exercise the nominal functions of a government in Ireland , your petitioners pray that in any future coercion which the wisdom of your honourable House may devise , the murder of the poor may be made an offence indictable at law . And your petitioners , as in duty bound , will ever pray , ie . ( Signed on behalf of the meeting } , Chas . Urriso , Chairman .
He would not recommend tho petition for the modesty of its tone , but for the forcibleness of its truths . ( Loud cheers . ) He believed that Ireland and Irishmen were capable of improvement , and only waited for a ministry who were capable of performing so desirable an object . Mr . Bateman nad objected to Mr . Bright , aa an improper uerson to serve on a committee connected with Irish Poor Laws , on the ground that he was a mere Manchester delegate ; now he ( Mr . Clark ) thought that as Manchester was peculiarly affected hy the inundation of Irish pauperism , that a Manchester representative was a most fit and proper person to be on such a committee , and for once so thought Sir George Grey , and administered a wellmerited castigation to the hon . member for
Londonderry accordingly . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Poulett Scrope had written several letters to the Morning Chronicle , in all of which he pointed to the waste lands of Ireland as a desirable means of employing the poor . Mr . Grattan had asked Lord John , why ne had not propounded his remedial measures for Ireland ? Ho ( Mr . Clark ) replied—because Lord John had none . ( Hear ; hear . ) He said , let the union between the two nations bo a reality or a nullity . ( Cheers . ) He was happy to find that the minority on the Coercion Bill had increased , —( hear , hear)—and that the name of John Bright appeared amongst them . He did not think it strange that Ireland was not agitated , when he remembered where O'Brien , Meagher , and Mitehelwere . { Hear , hear . ) Lord John had discovered what Chisholm Anstey could
not discover , namely , that Chartism was killed—but bethought thatLord John would discover before long that Chartism was so robust that it would come into their honourable House . ( Loud cheers . ) Oh , but Englishmen say they owe Ireland nothing . Have not your literature , your arts , and your sciences been enriched by the sons ofthe emerald isle ? Have we not poured forth our libations to Liberty ' s shrine , ? flatness our Wolfe Tonesr-our Fitzgeralds —our " Emhietts—our imprisoned O'Briens—and our banished Mitchels . ( Loud cheering . ) In every way , weare equals ; our rights and liberties are the same—then let us pull together , and secure the rights and freedom for all . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . Gill , in seconding the adoption of the petition said , he had traced the history of Ireland , from
the time the second Henry first placed his foot in that unhappy country : he had read of pitch-caps in the reign of Elizabeth being placed upon the heads of devoted Catholics , and then set on fire until the molten pitch destroyed its victims—of the cold-blooded murders and monstrosities of Strafford , and of the hardship endured hy the poorer classes ever since this country had had the rule in Ireland ; but never did he hear or read of such misery as that which prevailed in lBi % when a million of human beings perished of starvation . In the spring of last year , when the people were goaded to desperation by the recollection of the past , the only remedy for her woes was a Coercion Bill , Despots in all ages had made a rod for themselves ; and the Irish landlords , who asked for the Coercion Bill ,
were now in a condition hut little better than those for whom they asked it ; there was no one now to till the ground ; instead of paying their rents , the small farmers were emigrating to America , and the landlords could not dig , though to beg they were not ashamed . It had been truly observed , that Irishmen would travel from end to end of the globe in search of employ , and live upon the coarsest food . In Merthyr Tvdvil , able bodied Irishmen were offering themselves as labourers for sixpence a day , but failing in getting employment , their naked and famishing children would greedily eat on the spot , the diseased potatoes thrown away from the provision stores , which were unfit for the pigs . He ( Mr . GUI ) , warned the working classes of this country , that Ireland would bring down England to her level . A nation of paupers could not exist .
Starvation was already at our doors , and it was the interest of every working man to do his utmost to obtain a full measure of justice for that unhappy and misgoverned laud . He fuUy concurred in the last paragraph ofthe petition , that the murder of the poor should he made an indictable offence . If this were so , and the rich were made responsible , we should hear very little more of deaths by famine . ( Loud cheers . ) The " petition was unanimously adopted ; and on the motion of Messrs . Stallwood and Arott , ordered to he signed by the Chairman , and transmitted to Ralph Bcrnal Osborne , member for the county , for presentation . A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman and the meeting separated . .
Universal Suffrage Triumphant. Am.Immens...
UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE TRIUMPHANT . Am . immense meeting of the inhabitants of St . Luke ' s , Middlesex , took place on Wednesday evenmg ^ t hVS & tional School , Covrper-street , Cityroad . ¦ - [ ... „ ¦ , , Mr . G . Tkomfsox , M . P ., having been called to the chair , observed thai he was fully convinced of the necessity of the objects of PinancialHeformheing carried ihto effect ; but he thought it chimerical to suppose that any reduction of the public expenditure could be obtained from the present House of Commons . He , however , would exert his mqst strenuous efforts to obtain the accomplishment of their wishes .
A resolution , in conformity with the notice convening the meeting , having been agreed to unanimously , Mr . D . Wire proposed : — " That although a combined effort throughout the country may and will succeed in effecting a large reduction in the public burdens ; yet experience has shown that economy will not become the rule of government , nor the necessity for continued agitation be done away with , until the taxpayers obtain a more direct ana complete control over the House of Commons , hy the amendment of our system of representation . This meeting , therefore , p ledges itself to the constant advocacy of the principles of Parliamentary and
Financial Reform , viz ., the Extension of the Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Triennial Parliaments , Equal Electoral Districts , founded on the basis of population ; the adoption of a simp le and suitable system of taxation ; extensive reduction ofthe national expenditure ; the abolition of sinecures , and the abatementof pensions ; and to support all practicable measures for their accomplishment , by petition to the Legislature , and otherwise to advance the Reform Movement . " The mover heYievcd there was an unanimity of feeling between the middle and working classes , which he thought would be attended with favourable results . Mr * Palmseb seconded tho resolution .
Mr ; OuTiRAM , a member of the St . Luko Reform Association , and one of the conveners of the meeting , then stood forward , and said that he could not support the resolution in its present vague and undefined form . He was in favour of telling the world ia plain language what they meant . He would not be a party to the practice of delusion . The people
Universal Suffrage Triumphant. Am.Immens...
were disgusted with such tactics in agitation . If their principles wore just , why shrink from their definition ? Mr . Outtram concluded a brief , but manly and independent speech , by proposing as an amendment , that the words " Manhood Suffrage " be substituted for the words " Extension of the Suffrage . " , , Mr . Howard seconded the amendment , amid the hearty cheers of the immense assemblage . Some altercation here took place among the gentlemen upon the platform , as to the propriety of the course taken by Mr . Outtram , ho being a member of the committee that drew up tho resolutions , when Mr . Ouixbam said that he submitted the same amendment to the committee , when it was lost by a majority of one . Mr . M'Grath being upon the platform , was loudly called for from all parts ofthe meeting . He iiu
s-mat he thought the amendment , infinitely preferable to the original resolution , because it set iorth in uninistakeable language , the opinion of the meeting on the Suffrage question . The time had come when reformers to be respected and trusted by the people , must eschew reservation and equivocation . Those were devices unworthy tho advocates of political justice to the millions ; and altogether incongruous with the frank and open character ofthe British people . Every one of the speakers that he had heard could support Mr . Outtram s amendment ; for they supported the same Suffrage principle therein embodied . The amendment had the superior meritoi clearly saying What the resolution vasuelv meant , and bad there .
fore a stronger claim to the adoption of the meeting . Two other speakers expressed themselves amid much disapprobation in favour of tho ambiguous policy , When the chairman put the amendment to tho vote a dense mass of hands was immediately exhibited ; he then put the original resolution , when some six or seven hands were held up , the members of tho committee on the platform even declining to vote . The result was hailed with tho warmest cheering . The Chairman then said that he refrained up to that moment from expressing an opinion upon the matter in dispute . He would , however , do so now , and his solemn opinion was that the meeting had done what
was right . It was all very well for a few members of parliament to meet and agree among themselves to go for a diluted or minor measure , of reform , but with the people the case was very different . His advice was , that they should not abate one tittle of their just demands . They should not lowertheir flag a single inch . They should satisfy their consciences as to what were the demands of eternal justice , and allow no consideration to divert- their attention from them . Whether in or out of Parliament , he should be found the friend of full political justice to the millions . A petition in accordance with the amendment was then adopted , and sent to Mr . Wakley for presentation to Parliament .
The chairman then recommended to the committee to consider seriously tho vote of that immense meeting , which Mv . Palliser promised should he attended to . After an enthusiastic vote of thanks to tho chairman , the meeting disolved .
Violation Of The Ten Hours Factory Act. ...
VIOLATION OF THE TEN HOURS FACTORY ACT . Asinos-usDBB-IiTME . —On Thursday week a public meeting of factory operatives was held in the large room , Town Hall , on the subject of tho relay system , violation of the Ten Hours Act by the masters , and in favour of tho adoption of a uniform system of working ten hours a day . Mr . Richard Oastlerwaspresentatthe meeting , which was densely crowded . Many hundreds of persons remained outside , being unable to find standing room in the
hall . Edward Darwes ( a factory operative ) was unanimously called to t he chair . JoHtf Hiu , ( factory operative ) moved the first resolution , which was as follows : — " That this meeting expresses its deliberate conviction that the violation of the Factory Act in these districts is flagrant and notorious , and has been the fruitful cause of evil hy disuniting those whoso interests are identical , and bv creating a feeling of dissatisfaction and discontent which must , ultimately , if persisted in , lead to the most melancholy and perilous results . " ....
Joseph Epworth ( factory operative ) seconded the resolution . 11 , . . Mr . Oastler , on rising to support the resolution , was received with loud and long-continued cheers . He was summoned to Manchester by his old friend , their representative in Parliament , Mr . Charles Hindlev . ( Hear , hear . ) He obeyed that summons . ( Hear , hear . ) He heard that the law was violated , and ho went to Manchester to inquire if it were so , and if it were so , why was it so ? He did not find the rebels in Manchester amongst the operatives , he did not find the rebels amonst the shopkeepers , he did not find the rebels amongst the ministers of religion of any sect or party . No . He did not find that the mill-owners were all of them rebels , but
he found that the bench of magistrates of Manchester , although headed by aloyalsuhiectof the Queen , had , in defiance of his ( Mr . Maude s ) explanation of the law , in defiance ofthe explanation ofthe law by the Attorney-General and Solicitor-General—in defiance of the explanation of the law by their ( the magistrates ) own clerks—that tho magistrates of Manchester had themselves rebelled against the law . ( Hear , hear . ) Whilst he was in Manchester he received a letter from his old friend , Mr . Luke Swallow , telling him that the factory lads of Ashton wanted to meet their old king at a tea party , and he told him ( Mi " . Swallow ) that if he would collect them together , he ( Mr . Oastler ) would come and see them . That , then , was the reason why he
was there that night at their own bidding—invited from Ms home to Manchester by their own representative . They had petitioned for years and years again for that law ; at last they had got it , and if they liked it , let them hold up their hands like men , and if they did not let them keep them down . ( A forest of hands was immediately displayed , amidst vehement cheering . ) Since he was there last , thev had had strange times . They had , indeed , alarmed them all in London ; thoy had had an outbreak . ( Hear , hear . ) That outbreak , as he understood , was caused originally by the want of bread —( hear , hear)—and the ministerial office of the magistrate was used to put that outbreak down . Now . all that he wished to remark on tho subject
at present was , that if there were laws to put the people down when hunger urged them to break the law , there must be power to put the magistrates down from the bench when they became the breakers of the law . ( Cheers . ) He had had , since he came down to Manchester , conversations with the law gentleman who represented government in the late cases before the magistrates at Manchester , and the first suggestion that ho ( Mr . 0 . ) made to mm was— " Why , sir , we must apply to parliament to have a stronger clause inserted than the one which the magistrates now overrule , so that there may be no mistake hereafter . " His friend ' s answer was , and he hoped this answer would go to the ears of the law-officers of the crown and to her Majesty , —
" Mr . Oastler , it is impossible for any words to be more explicit than the words of that clause—they were put into that act for the express purpose by Sir James Graham , and tho English language does not possess words which could make it more demonstrative . ( Hear , hear . ) But the fact was , the magistrates would not have it so . " If wo were to have a free trade in bones , sinews , and flesh , and if they were to despise the law that protected property , he wondered whether tho hands in the mill or the magistrates on the bench would stand the chance of suffering the greatest loss . But let them see whether there were not other laws broken . The law to which he referred was the New Poor Law—he did not like it . but it was the law of the land . He had
been told that it was the habit now in Ashton to eke out the wages of the people who worked in factories by payments out of the po « keta of the ratepayers . ( Cries of " That ' s true , " that ' s correct . " ) That ' s true , was it ? ( Cries of " Yes . " ) Well , it was not so before tho introduction of the New Poor Law . ( Hear . ) It seemed , then , that the factory interest itself , a mighty interest which then overruled every other interest in this country , could not crawl along without going on its crutches to the poor-box , and asking the ratepayers to eke out the wages for the work done in the mills . ( Hear , hear . ) He should like Lord Brougham to hear that—that would bring him down in the House of Lords with a vengeance on tho factory masters . Well ,
there was another law which required the factory masters to pay their workpeople what they agreed for week by week in the coin ofthe realm . Now , he would ask them , and let them he careful how they answered . -Did their masters regularly pay their wages in the coin of the realm to the amount due , on the Saturday night ? Did they or did . they not Maries of " No . " ) They kept something back for therents- { "Yes , yes ; a voice , " muk" )—and fines —( a voice , •« yes , and meat , another voice , " and for cheese . " ) Well , now , that was breaking the law , and it ought not to be . Mr . naotW thnn commented at great length upon
Baron Alderson ' s speech at tho Chester Assizes , and after having stated the duties ofthe ™ h to their poorer brethren said , ho shouldlike to know how the poor labouring man , forced to rise long before the sim and to work long after sun-set , w ! th on y brief intervals of rest during the day , and only half food , and nart of that eked out of the tills of those for whom he was not working , —he should like to know how that man could have his body , mind , or soul in a healthy state , to aspire after the worship of his God , to givetha first fruits of his Kfo to ' the Author of his being—it was utterly impossible . ( Hear , hear . ) The law of man had been laughed to scorn and trampled upon often on that bench whore he
Violation Of The Ten Hours Factory Act. ...
then stood -Oli ! that ho could reach tho hearts of MiwthnmF mas ters a "'' factory operatives , and E n £ ,, ^ t ^ t dreadful state of degradation K tltth £ iorM and P ? 0 P WCT 0 SI , nk " »' ' late . ( Hcar ^ It the £ 5 S $ f ° i £ ? olf , ei"Tlic " Rev . J . R . Stephens , read an excellent let erVom the Iter . G . S . Bull , of Birmingham , Mi tho Ten Hours Bill , which was received with loud cheers Mr . Oastler then resumed his address . He remembered when that neighbourhood was not like what it was then , and he remembered that it was a very happy , decently conducted neighbor * hood in his boyhood . Since then it had grown up into what they saw it , and he was about to
ask them a few questions , not only for his own information , but as ho saw gentlemen of the press kindly taking notes of what he said , he was about to ask them some very serious questions . Now , had they got comfortable homes ? ( Cries of " No , " and a voice , " Some have no homes . ) Had they got healthy labour ? ( "No , no . " ) Had they got good wages ? ( " No , no . " ) Had they got regularand certain employment ? ( "No , no . " ) Had they got clothes enough for their wives and children ? ( "No , no ; " voices , " There are very many without shirts ; " The clothes are all at the popshop / ' ) Had they food enough ? ( "No , no , " and a voice , " Some not above a meal a day . " ) Had tllOV decent , fiimitnrn 3 t" \ n" \ Mr .. ! thnv timn .
to walk about at proper periods in the morning and evening ? ( "No . " ) Had the father time in tho morning to assemble the wife and the children in order that a prayer might be offered up to Almighty God for a blessing on the dav ' s labour ? (•• No . " ) Had they time and strength in an evening to assemble their families around the family altar to thank Godforthe blessings ofthe day , and topray to him to take care of them during the night ? ( " No , " and a voice , "Our hearts are broken with working . " ) Then as to tho Sundays—how did the people generally spend their Sundays in these districts ? ( A voice , " Some cowering at homo , some in bed , and some in cleaning the machinery . " ) "Well then there was another law broken . They had had tnree
aireauy laws broken—the factory , the truck and the poor laws , and now they told ' him that on Sundays some of them were cmplovcd in cleaning tho machinery—was that true ? ( Cries of "Yes " yes . " ) Then was also broken the law against Sabbath breaking , not only the law of man , but tho Divine law . Were they robust and healthy—ho did not ask how they looked ? ( ' No , we are sicklv consumptive . " ) Was the bond of union , the sympathetic feeling of love from . heart to heart , and from class to class—brotherly love—was that predominant amongst them ? ( " No , no . " ) Were mi . - lice , hatred , and ill-will prevalent among them " * ( " Yes , yes . Wo arc full of bad thought . " ) What a condition of misery , destitution , and crime ! Such then is the result of the absolute dominion of those
who demand to rule this mi ghty empire ? Let them be careful ere they allowed that dominant faction which now attempted to lord it over them to becomo thelordsofGod ' sheritage . ( Hear . ) Hewouldcxhort all to do to others as they would that others should do to them . He would exhort his countrymen of every district to wei gh the matter well over in their minds before thoy consented to give the sceptre of authority into the hands of that power which by their verdict that night was proven to be unworthy to reign over freemen . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was carried unanimously , as was also the following : —
Moved by Edward Kklly , seconded by Thomas Johnson , and supported by the Reverend J . R . Stephens : — " That in the opinion of this meeting it is of the utmost importance that tho executive government should exercise tho power with which it is intrusted to vindicate the Jaw , and thereby prove to the rich that they cannot commit injustice with impunity , and demonstrate to the poor that the laws of England were intended to afford them protection , security , and contentment ; and that this meeting resolves to give every support and assistance to the officers appointed by her Majesty ' s government to carry the Factories Regulation Act into effect . "
Mr . Stephens then addressed the meeting , after which the following resolution was moved by Thomas Kenworthy , and seconded hy John Owen , factory operatives , and carried unanimously : — " That the best thanks of this meeting are most earnestly given to Mr . Oastler and Mr . Stephens , for their long services on behalf of the factory operatives , and their continued exertions in the causo of justice and humanity . " Moved by Mr . George Johnson , seconded by Mr . A . Swan , and passed unanimously : — " That this meeting desires to show its gratitude to Lord Ashley , Mr . Hindley , and other gentlemen , who have supported the Ten Hours Bill , and return their public thanks for their long and persevering labours to tho cause ofthe factory operatives . " The meeting continued crowded to its close , at eleven o ' clock , when the people quietly retired .
Anti-State Church Association.—A Meeting...
Anti-State Church Association . —A meeting of the members of this association was held on Tuesday evening , at the Lecture Room , Suffolk-street , Borough ; Apsley Pcllatt , Esq ., in the chair . The Rev . W . H . Bonner proposed the first resolution : — " That the union between Church and State in this country is productive of almost insuperable obstacles to the diffusion of Christianity among all classes , and more especially among the masses of our working population . " " The resolution was carried without a dissentient . —Mr . J . Thwaites moved the next resolution : — " That in this , as in other
countries , the endowment of religion by the State is , politically , socially , and financially , an intolerable evil , therefore this meeting rejoices in the rapid progress of the principles advocated by the British Anti-State Church Association , and desires to express its unqualified admiration of the courageous , upright , and self-denying course recently taken by tho Hon . Baptist Noel , iu seceding from the Church , as by law established in this country . "—Mr . G . Izod seconded the resolution , which was passed unanimously ; and thanks having been voted to the Chairman , tho meeting separated . Repeal of the Malt Tax . —Meeting op
Agriculturists AT Battle . —On Tuesday , a meeting , convened by requisition of a number of the malt and hop growers and leading agriculturists in East Sussex , was held at the George Inn , Battle , for the purnose of considering tho propriety of adopting measures to procure the repeal of the malt duty , and in support ofthe financial reform movement . The meeting was numerously attended , and comprised several of the landowners of the district , but was composed mainly of farmers . On the motion of H . M . Curteis , Esq . M . P ., J . V . Shelly , Esq . was called to the chair . —Major Curteis moved the following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Selmes . and carried ;— " That the malt tax is unjust in principle and oppressive in operation ; that it possesses all the elements of a bad tax ; and that
it is peculiarly oppressive on the industrious classes , inasmuch as it is a tax on an article " of daily consumption ; and that it ia unjust to the iarmors , tho demand for whose produce ' is greatly limited , not only by the decreased consumption of beer but by the restrictions imposed hy tho malt duty in the feeding of cattle . —Mr . T . Smith moved a resolution condemnatory of the hop duty , which was seconded by Mr . Noakes , and carried . —Mr . J . Smith stated that he was a free trader ; but when they had free trade the farmers were entitled to free trade at home , to grow what they pleased , and use it as they pleased ; and he moved a resolution to that effect . —Mr . Orton seconded , andthe Kev . Air . Image supported the resolution , which was carried . —Mr . Reeves moved , " That this meeting declares
their willingness to co-operate with all classes and associations who are friendly to the views expressed in the foregoing resolutions . "—A resolution was passed that a requisition be signed , calling upon the hig h sheriff to convene a county meeting , to take the foregoing resolutions into consideration . A vote of thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings . IJroiist ' s Chilp-vabmino Establishment . —A public meeting was held on Wednesday evening , at the Literary Institution , Edwaid-street , Portmansquare , to consider the lamentable destruction of human life at Drouet's establishment at Tooting , and the reprehensible conduct of the boards of guardians and the Pcor Law board . Mr . A . W . Hoggins in the chair . —The Chairman considered that sufficient evidence had been adduced at the inquest on
the children who had died at Mr . Drouet ' s establish * ment , to show that the uuardians of the unions to which these children had belonged were culpable in the highest dogrec , and he thought that some steps should be forthwith taken to prevent the recurrence of such scenes as those recent y witnessed at Tooting . Mr . Char ' es Cochrane moved the first resolution : — " That from the painful disclosures connected with the awful destruction of life at the child-fa'ming establishment at Tooting , from the jury on the inquest relating to the deaths ofthe innocents in question having returned a verdict of mwslaughter against Mr . Droue * , and from the circumstances that the system under which the children's lives were de * strored has from time to time met with the approval of the guardians of the poor , and existed under the
cognisance and sanction of the Poor Law Commissioners , this meeting considers ^ the inhuman treatment inflicted upon these children to be inseparable from the spirit and essence of the New Poor Law , and that this law being repugnant to every feeling of humanity , and a monstrous and enduring violation of the decrees of our holy religion , ought to be utterly and immediately abolished . " The resolution was seconded and passed-. —Mr . W . Carpenter moved , and Mr . Marsh seeonded , a resolution to the effect that petitions should be presented to both Houses of Parliament for the abolition of the New Poor Law . Carried . — The third resolution , which gave the thanks of the meeting to Charles Lushington , Esq ., for presenting a petition in the House of Commons rejpeot-ng the Tooting catastrophe , having heen agreed to , ttQ meeting separated *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 17, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_17021849/page/5/
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