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5otr'* the day and sow's the hour, g^jhefront of battle lour -.' :-.,' Sss approach proud Arthur's power, irthnr, chains, and slavery.
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TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS. Mi 3slot&> Fh...
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^ ^ J " ^¦. -¦¦r>- .v».^Tvrf •'>^^-J^^^V...
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VOL. X. NO. 423. LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEM...
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THE LAND.
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Death from Hydrophobia.—On Wednesday a p...
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r ^ .to - ENGLISH OlalGAHCHY.
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order to St. Paul's, where, by the will ...
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;jfi9i:etgtt $nteliigeme*
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FRANCE.. The dissolution of the Peel Min...
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FOREIGN MISCELLANY. Death of the Bishop ...
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'V THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. [From the Tyne M...
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Fire on Clerkenwell Greek.—On Wednesday ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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5otr'* The Day And Sow's The Hour, G^Jhefront Of Battle Lour -.' :-.,' Sss Approach Proud Arthur's Power, Irthnr, Chains, And Slavery.
5 otr '* the day and sow ' s the hour , g ^ jhefront of battle lour -. ' :-., ' Sss approach proud Arthur ' s power , irthnr , chains , and slavery .
To The Imperial Chartists. Mi 3slot&> Fh...
TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS . Mi 3 slot &> Fhiexds , —It is now sometime sine * ^ position justified me in addressingyouby yourpo ^ Lfl namc , nor should ! now resume it , after threj ^ sand a halfTery culpable apatuy . nadI notdis * Tete & » m y entire satisfaction , during last wedd gjioum in Lancashire , that the principle but slew * t 2 there'was a foe in the field ' worthy of its antago ^ 33 , Jiisnotlongsmeethe'Whie press ventnredfc - & where Chartism was now ? Nor was I long i
Ap pending , on yonr behalf , that I would speedily let tkem t E 0 W * * am now in a situation to do so . I jiave visited the heai quarters , and many of the cubi ts of Chartism . I have had communication from gjmosi everygarrison in the kingdom , and I proclaim to the world , that Chartism sot oslt uvBs , but is prepared once more to fight the battle of freedom . H is not so loug since a iniscalculating Attorney General boasted that he had hilled Chartism , nor ^ as it long before Chartism killed his party and buried it ia that grave which he had prepared for us .
I have often told faction that the rock upon which TFh iggery s ^ was * ae Ta " endeavour to conceal public opinion by withholding any mention of our j ^ inc , onr principles , or our triumphs , from the world . They treated us as a new sect not looking for equality , or even toleration , but as if we merely struggled ibr such notoriety as the law condescended to extend to ns . The old party who thus treated us is now in the field once more looking for political power , and ihe subject upon which I address you is to ask , if , after having routed , defeated , and destroyed them , they shall now walk into office as if in reality we had ceased to exist ; or shall we not rather give
them to understand that there are other parties besides the League , other principles besides free trade , to be taken into account , before weconsentto a restoration ef the livings to power . However , there are some questions for the country to answer before those whom yoa lave appointed to condactyonr movement can be in a situation to decide . We have called a representation of all the towns in North and South Lancashire , Yorkshire , Nottingham , Leicester , Derby , Norwich , Birmingham , and London , to meet at Manchester , on Monday next , and there to deliberate as to -onr future policy and course . Let every town then answer the following questions through its
delegate : —Are you still resolved upon remaining a party distinct from all otltcrsin name and principles ? h irourinoHo still" Onward and we con « nif r , lackward and wc fall . "— "The Jbople's Charter and no surrender f" " Better to die a freeman than live a slave . " " He will abandon our prmciples only witii our lives . " " We will die or conquer . " " TJie land is our inheritance . '' " T 1 ie Charter is our birthright . " " United tw stand , divided tec fall" " A fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s wort . " " The CliarUr is our right , and a * will have it . " Let those questions be answered by au . And if your resolution is fixed-and firm , let us understand if we are all prepared , once more , to brave tes scsgeox or ihe transport , in honour of
OCR rlUSC 3 ? £ ES . "Whether , if necessary , you arc once more prepared to light the sa . EXT jioxitor ( the torch ) , not to burn , as our foal-inouthed enemies charged us , not to destroy property , but to light us at that only hour allowed for our gathering by the system , to talk over our grievances and our mode of redressing them . Brother Chartists , I am the same , the vebt same that ! ev 3 r was . I am ready to face the dock , the dungeon , or the scaffold , rather than abandon my principles , or forfeit my right to advance them . I have gained experience from the past , which may better enable me to protect you against the law's quirks and quibbles , but if I lived till every hair of my head was grey , I should never leam to lisp the
word " suBSExDEB . " If any man in my situation of life could be justified in abandoning a cause which has been so lukewarmly supported by those for whose benefit its advocates have suffered so much , I am that mas ; and by this appeal to you I prove that I know you better ihan your enemies know you . That in your some-time apathy I do not recognise the abandonment of your principles , but , on the contrary , I believe thai there are ten Chartists now , ten real Chartists , for every one Chartist that was in existence in the days of Chartist froth . We have sines then weeded the field , we have winnowed the chaff from the corn , and the millions have more confidence than ever they had in the leaders that have remained stedfast and firm . When Sir Robert Peel proclaimed his tariff in 1841 , 1 then
announced Uiatit-was a measure so , so grasping , so luminous , just , comprehensive , and statesmanlike , that I doubted if the first Chartist Parlia ment would have ventured upon so sweeping a proposition . From that moment to the present every single act of Peel ' s has gone to establish his belief in the necessity of those changes that we sought to effect . Hiicareerfor the last five years , let scribblers , mountebanks , and factions write , and ridicule , and denounce as they may , has been , "when all the circumstances of the case are considered , the most brilliant , the most astounding , the most daring , and statesmanlike , of which the annals of the country bear record , and his resignation at this moment is the most terrible blow this country has experienced for many years .
We are not only to consider the gigantic changes he has effected , but we must also bear in mind the strength of the faction from whom he has extorted them . His was indeed a strong government ; and yet , when dirty work was to bo done , when a Masters * and Servants'Bill was to be carried , we never find Peel defiling himself with pitch , or lending his strength to the purposes of faction . In such cases he has confined thestruggle to the refuse of his party , and the strength of public opinion . How easily he might have carried the Masters ' and Servants' BID , if he had consented to lend it his aid . No ; even in the height of the revolution of 1842 , he allowed
Graham to state what was the power of the police , but Peel would not confer that power upon them by law . True , the middle classes made him prosecute us , but he gave ns a just judge , a mild , an honourable , and humane Attorney-General , and I speak from authority when I assert , that he gloried in our delivery . No ' tso ike Whigs ' . They followed us with a bloodthirstv vengeance . They refused all our appeals for an act of simple justice to Frost and our other friends ; they gave as no quarter , except what our own courage forced from them . And yet I am ready to forget and forgive the past , in the hope that their future conduct -will prove sorrow for the past , and will be altered in future . But this I am resolved
Upon , that they shall acknowledge us as a party , admit onr strength , and concede our just demands . I do not mean that any cabinet , formed out of the present turmoil , will concede our Charter ; but I do mean that they shall confer upon us the legal legitimate means of achieving it for ourselves . Hook to another election as the ground work of those means ; and I look to the proper exercise of the power we shall then achieve toaccomplishour object . Fornvy self , I cannot see the possibility of forming a cabinet out of the-rabbish ' that we are told Lord John Russell has gathered together for the purpose . New blood , fresh blood , vigorous blood , Peel ' s blood , and the
demiMraticWo <> d , mu 5 tbeMasedbeToreanytlungpBrmanent , or representative of the present mind , can be established . Hitherto the Whigs have been thelegislativepbyfbingof the people . We have teen able to snap them in pieces by our own single strength . We do not want such a government ; we want a government with some stability in- it ; a government that win concede what is right to the growing mind of the age , and not a plaything for the amusement of chfldren . We want a government , in the words of Lord John Russell , that will concede " nx pbudext ah > cautious coscessuws , " and no more ; but we require full latitude for the public mind to declare and decide what those " fkcdekt asd caittiocs
coxcesaioss" are to be ; and Tve require a . government to surrender its own caprice to this national judgment . It is for yon , then , to say whether or no you are satisfied to be slaves , or whether you are determined to be freemen . Ton will read , mark , learn , and in wardly digest every sentence of the Executive ' s message , and you will be prepared to say , through , your reprettntatives , whether you are prepared to carry out the policy recommended in that message . By tltc duty that you Owe to yourselves and your families ,
To The Imperial Chartists. Mi 3slot&> Fh...
- by the allegiance you owe your country , hy your bond to those whose rights you are bound to defend tftouo / i yet unborn , by your valour as Englishmen , by your sufferings as Chartists , ly your duty as Christians , by your pride as freemen , by your love as fathers , by your duty as husbands , by all that is dear , by all that is sacred , by all Oat is just , I invoke you to buckle on your amour for the good fight . It will be a moral fighta glorious fight—and a valuable triumph . It is the battle of right against might , of knowledge against bigotry and intolerance , of justice against injustice , of liberty against oppression and misrule . Are tou HEAD ! FOB SUCH A STRUGGLE ? If SO , SAT SO J and none vnll be found more ready to do one man ' s part than
r Your faithful friend > And unpurchaseable servant , Feargus O'Connor . s
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Vol. X. No. 423. London, Saturday, Decem...
VOL . X . NO . 423 . LONDON , SATURDAY , DECEMBER 20 , 1845 . ^ S 5 ^]^ rc ^ i ^* -Pr ! : > - ~** - ¦ J- >^ V ^» ¦ . *& * XLy * *^ ¦ ¦ •••( . Fire Shillings and Sixpence per Quarter
The Land.
THE LAND .
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . . Mr Fmexds , —In my desire to place your association upon a stable and permanent footing , you will not expect me to forget those principles which would make your association national . The land is what I aim at , the Charter is the means by which I seek to achieve it . I shall now , however , confine myself to the social branch of the subject—the land . You will read , in this week ' s Star , the conclusion of our deliberations in conference , and now it is my duty to comment briefly upon the proceedings—not upon the changes made in the Rules—for , actually / there were none , except in such details as would confer upon you the entire benefits presented in the original Rules nf the association .
My Friends , you may well Imagine what my suspense was , what my fears were , and the anticipations , to wheih my too sanguine mind had given birth . I confess that the Dewsbury resolutions made me tremble for the safety of my child . Otherwise , I doubt whether I should have left a sick-bed to have perilled my life in its defence . However , no man is more satisfied to do justice than I am ; and I am now proud to say , that it appeared to be the desire of the
conference to co-operate withme to secure the triumph of the principle . I shall now briefly sketch for you the main features of the week's work . Hereafter I shall select each important branch for a separate letter , showing you the advantage of every alteration that was made . It would have been utterly impossible , long as the hours of sitting were , to give you a faithful report of what was done ; however , that which appears in this week ' s paper will be verbatim , as there was more time for its arrangement .
The first question to which 1 shall call your attention is the Enrolment , and so indispensable is that , that I now tell you boldly that it shall be enrolled , though we were obliged to give it the title of the hell-born devil . The enrolment is for you and not for me ; if I wanted to rob you I would have stuck up for the introduction of your principles , your objects , your means of carrying them out , and then 1 might have tickled your excitable enthusiasm by telling yon that the law refused its protection , and asking vou what I should Do with the monev is
hasd . The great hitch in every association is the difficulty of having the monies applied to the legitimate purpose . When the project is ripe for action , then there is some conscientious demch amongst the conscientious trwteesanddirectors , as to whether they can legally and honourably apply the funds to such a purpose . Now I shall say no & tjj & a ^ out ^ enrolment further than that it shall be ENR 6 LL ^ D ;*> m * d * wfth ; the name if possible ; if not , I will take all the reponsibility upon my own shoulders , and I honour the men who had the bravery to contend for enrolment under any circumstance . -
The next question is , the payment of 5 s . a-year , by those who shall receive the £ 15 , until the last member Is located . This is so just , and such a necessary link between those who are located and those who are not located , that it requires no comment . The man who is located first will thus feel that he is not discharged from the obligations of brotherhood until every man is located , while those who pay but sixpence and threepence a-week will have the advantage of the measure .
The next subject , and the one of the greatest importance is the application of the £ 15 to its legitimate purposes , namely , to the cultivation of the soil . Now , I will state for you precisely what the effect of this measure will be . It will not keep any man a single day from the occupation of his tenement . Before the foundation stone of the house is laid , every man will know his own allotment , and no man could occupy his house or leave his labour until the house was built . Say then , that it takes two months to erect the houses ; thus , two months labour , of the most judicious labour , will have been expended upon the allotment , and when the occupant takes
possession he will find himself in a garden instead of a wilderness , "While the value of the thing to be mortgaged will be brought two months earlier to maturity and thus a greater impetus will be given to the society . It is to be distinctly , understood that the directors will allow all that are capable to undertake this preliminary work themselves , while it is also to be understood , that the wish of every occupant will be religiously adhered to in the management of his little estate ; and believe me , they'll be all there en Sunday , by moonlight on Saturday , and at sun rise on Monday morning , even if they have to run to and from their work .
My friends , we are fostering parents , not cruel taskmasters . Now , by this wise provision of James Leach ' s , we will be able to go on with our operations with an exactly doubled speed . We will be able to do in two months what otherwise it would have taken ns exactly four months to do—two months to build and air the houses , and two months to cultivate the ground , instead of doing both at one and the same time . So that without this we would have lost one half of the season , and hazarded the success of the association , by allowing unskilled persons to damn the project through their own disappointment . Now
I will show you the working of this plan . The allotments are assigned—the foundations are laid , each man knows his own plot . The directors instantly set to work , as the stewards of the association , and the servants of those particular occupants . I will presume the wages of an agricultural labourer to be 12 s . Gd . a-week , and that the entire labour of a man is applied to a two acre farm for two monthsthat is £ 5 . Seed I over-estimate at £ 1 ; thus £ 6 of thfi £ 15 will have been expended , and £ 9 will re main . With that £ 9 I propose that every man shall buy a two year old heifer , which he will get good for £ 5 . I will tell liim the breed hereafter , and where to get her for less . That makes £ 11 . He will
give . £ 1 for a pig . He will then have £ 3 to live upon until the crops , which have been two months planted , begin to supply him , and if he requires more money for his support , or even improvements , the bank of loan will furnish him with it ; and , mind , we shall have a capital for that purpose of £ 1 , 000 or upwards , by the time possession is taken of the first allotment . Those who can buy a cow , of course will bay a cow for immediate use ; and one of the principal duties of the directors will be to lay out every man ' s allotment according to the mode of life he intends to pursue , whether for grain , garden stuff , or a mixture . The moment the houses are occupied , and the altered state of the land is seen , that moment we should be enabled to get nearly as much
The Land.
upon mortgage as we could realize by sale , and every year it will be improving . But I won't say a word about sale now , as I feel as firmly convinced , as I am of my own existence , " that Leach ' s two propositions will be the means of putting every man in possession of his land for ever , without rent . It will be a very beautiful thing to see a hundred agricultural labourers working for a hundred operatives , at 5 s . 6 d . a-week more than the Dorsetshire landlords give them .
The next question is the amount of rent to be paid , which , of course , will be according to the value of the land purchased . In my letters to the Irish Landlords , in my work " on Small Farms , in every letter that I have written to you , I have distinctly told you that I would rather pay £ 5 an acre for land worth only £ 4 an acre , than pay 30 s . an acre for land worth £ 2 an acre . No one supposed that he was to have two acres of land th ' at cost £ 50 an acre , a house , and £ 15 , for £ 5 a-year . No one supposed that we ceuld purchase every estate that we bought at the rate of exactly £ 18 15 s . an acre ; but everybody knew that some
scale was necessary ; and we laid down a scale that even a fool may understand—that scale is , that a man shall pay £ 5 a-year for two acres of land that cost £ 18 15 s . an acre , a house that costs £ 30 , and £ 15 capital ; and if the land cost £ 2815 s . an acre , the tenement will have cost the society £ 20 more , and the occupant will pay 5 per cent , for the additiona l £ 20 , or £ 6 for the tenement . If it costs £ 40 more , he'll pay £ i ; and if it costs £ 100 more , he will pay £ 10 ; and the man who pays £ 10 will be better-off than the man who pays £ 4 10 s ., as , of course , some estates will be purchased at less than £ 1815 s . / and then the rent will be less than £ 5 a-year .
If the society gives £ 60 for land , they will go on faster than if they gave £ 18 15 s . ; a good thing is always more saleable in the market . Again , if the society expends £ 50 upon a house instead of £ 30 , the tenant will pay £ 6 instead of £ 5 , or 5 per cent , upon the additional £ 20 . So much for the scale of rent ; and now let no booby presume to misunderstand it . The next subject to which I shall direct your
attention is the division of the country into districts . We have divided them into five . I wish we had divided them into twenty , for our object is to deck the face of the earth with as many model farms as possible—to open as many free labour markets as practicable—and , depend upon it , that land bought in a district now , where the plan was never heard of , would very speedily furnish a sufficient number of paid-up members to populate it .
The next question to which I shall advert is the mode of selecting occupants , and nothing can be more fair , impartial , or satisfactory . If a thousand shareholders have paid up , or any other . number , when the ballot takes place , the thousand tickets will be numbered from one to a thousand . If a hundred are to be located , those who draw from number one to a hundred will be entitled to the prizes , and according to priority of numbers , that is , No . 1 will have the first , they will have their choice of allotments . Suppose No . 5 , No . 7 , and No . 9 would not wish to remove to the district where the land had been purchased , then No . 101 , 102 , and 103 would take their places , or the rotation would go on until
they were filled up , those who rejected the allotment waiting for a more suitable opportunity of locating themselves . Nothing can be more simple than this . The next question is the Bank of Loan and Insurance Company . These are so crowning and so essential , that I shall only say of them , if I ever had a doubt of success , which I never had , the adoption of those iwo auxiliaries would at once have removed it :- \ 3 | ta 4 ian loses his pig or cow , or if his house is burnM ^ ftl have another house , another cow , and another pig ; and I also hope to see a benefit society established amongst the members of each district in case of sickness , though I don't anticipate , the . presence of a doctor in any one of them .
As to the question of a penny a month , three farthings a month , and a halfpenny a month leYj , I don't condescend to mention it . It ' s a nothing . It is a shilling , ninepence , and sixpence a-year . Two pots of ale , a pot and a half of ale , and a pot of ale a year As to the localities defraying their own expenses , it wisely originated in Glasgow ; and if it wasn't made general , ten secretaries would not do the work in a very short time . It ' s a division of labour ; and if the shareholders pay it in meal they have it in malt , and they won't see it in the secretaries' list of expenses . As to the thirty-five shillings a-week to the
directors , it is too little ; but I did not wish to swim until I found that I had water enough to keep me up ; if we hadn ' t directors , and good directors toojus £ theverymenwe have—we should have no association at all . But , thank God , the four honest working men possess the undivided confidence of their order . When I tell you that I have now been working , without cessation , since nine o'clock this morning , and that it is now near ten at night , you will think that it is time to say " good night , " but before I say " good night , " I ask you to picture to
yourselves what an England it will be the day a hundred freemen shall take possession of their hundred farms ; and what a procession we'll have , and what a dinner we'll have , and what a tent we'll have , and what music we'll have , and what dancing we'll have , and what speechifying we'll have ; but no drink , speed the spade in milk , if you please , but no drunkenness ; and what a laugh we'll have at the crotchet-mongers , and what a triumph we'll have over the monopolists . And that triumph I promise you before the 15 th of May next . Now then , " wood night . " Ever your faithful friend , Feargus O'Coxxor .
Death From Hydrophobia.—On Wednesday A P...
Death from Hydrophobia . —On Wednesday a poor woman named Mary Garrett , aged 60 years , residing in Kezars-lane , in this town , died from the effects of the above dreadful and fatal malady . About six months since the deceased was made a present of a young pup by one of her neighbours ; after haying , it a few days in her possession it refused to eat , whereupon-the poor woman brought into it the dam , in hopes by that means it might be induced to par--take of food ; and while in the act of offering it something to eat , the dam bit one of her fingers . Time
rolled on , and no further notice was taken of It , until the Friday night previous to her death , when she complainedto several of her neighbours that she was very much afflicted with a pain in the arm of the finger upon which she had received the bite . However , it was not until the Mowing evening that the first symptom of the horrifying disease made its appearance . It commenced by a violent shivering , and she continued in a dreadful state of agony until Wednesday morning , about five o ' clock , when death put an end to her sufferings . —Waterford Chronicle .
Daring attempt to Murder at DuSMOff . — On Tuesday afternoon Charles Horsnell , jun ., of Little Easton , son of the park-keeper to Viscount Maynard , whilst watching the park grounds and preserves in the avenue leading from Dunmow and Stortford turnpike-road to Easton Lodge mansion , observed a man about five feet eight inches in height , having on a black hat and velveteen jacket , standing in a game preserve where the pheasants arc fed ; he immediately made towards him , and having advanced to within twenty yards of the stranger , Horsnell observed the
man point a gun at him and fire . The scattering shot riddled his ( Ilorsncll ' s ) coat , through two boxes and a book in his pocket ; but the principal part ol the charge struck a tree , knocking off the bark to the extent of six inches . Fortunately not a shot entered Horsnell s person , owing to the pockets of his shooting-jacket being full , which caused them to stick out ironi his side . As soon as he had recovered from the alarm he naturally felt , he pursued the stranger , and after running about twenty yards shot at him , but his gun missed fire , and the fellow escaped .
Mount Vesuvius has for some time been sending forth large volumes of smoke , accompanied occasionally by flames , and red-hot ashes , threatenir ? aa eruption . ' a
R ^ .To - English Olalgahchy.
r ^ . to - ENGLISH OlalGAHCHY .
On Ihursday , the 11 th of December , consider-, able excitement prevailed in the neighbourhood of Apsley House , in consequence of a rumour that the English Oligarchy had-commiued suicide . Throughout the day many relatives and friends of the deceased repaired to the scene of the mournful occurrence to ascertain the facts of the case . By twelve : o ' clock , however , the worst anticipations were confirmed by all the windows of the house being closed , together with the announcement , that although
deceased had died a natural death , the public anxiety was about to be satisfied by holding an inquest upon the body . On the circumstances of the case being made known to : ; the ; parish authorities , the necessary steps were taken for , holding the inquest . Accordingly ,-T . ' Wakley ; Esq ., . M . P ... appointed Friday last , at . twelve o ' clock , as the time for holding the inquest , and summonses were accordingly issued for the at tendance of the jury at the Ckown public-house , Half Moon-street . By one o ' clock the jury had been swprn , and the necessary arrangements made mrtne coroner and jury viewing the body of the deceased .
THE INQUEST . ( A considerable time elapsed before the return of the jury to the crown , - in consequence of the awful stench that proceeded from the body , and the disinclination of many of the jury to undertake the task . At two o ' clock precisely the witnesses were in attendance , and the proceedings commenced with the examination ot deceased ' s valet , which was as follows : —Had been in the service of the deceased for many years , during which time he had been more or less indisposed . He had observed a . great alteration in the habits and manners of deceased , since 1841 , and especially since the middle of August last . He frequently started in his sleep , and at intervals
appeared cuusiuerauiy excueu . By the Coroner ; Used ho to speak or mutter anything in his sleep , or during those momenta of excitement ? Answer : Yes , sir . Of late I have observed that he muttered " the sliding scale ; " and , latterly , he has mentioned the words " free trade" and "Dr . Peel , " with great bitterness . By a Juror : Who attended deceased ? Answer : I did , sir . Juror : No ; I mean as his physician . Answer : Oh ! Dr . Peel , sir . By the Coroner : Whon did you last see deceased alive ? Answer : On Wednesday night , sir . What state was he in then ?
Answer : Much as usual , sir ; but rather more excited , especially after Dr . Peel had left him . - When did you first see the deceased dead ? Answer : Yesterday morning , air . His usual hour for rising . was nine o ' clock , when he was in the-habit of ringing his bell for hot water ; but hot hearing the bell ring at eleven , I tapped several times at the door , and not receiving any answer , I opened the door , and upon drawing the curtains I saw the deceased lying upon his back with his face quite black . ¦ ^ y . the Coroner : Had you any suspicion at anytime that deceased would commit suicide ? or have you any reason to suppose , now , that he has done so ?
Answer : None whatever . # .. The Coroner ; . The reason I ask the . question is because the appearance of the face presents strong symptoms of strangulation . Witness : That may arise ,, sir , from the full habit of my late master . He always eat and drank voraciously . : By a Juror : Had you , at any time , any reason to think that the deceased was subject to aberrations of mind . ;¦' ¦¦ Answer ; No , sir , none whatever . Dr . Peel was the next witness examined , and gave his evidence as follows : —Had been the medical attendant of the deceased for many years , during which time he laboured under a . ¦ complication of disorders , all tending to create considerable nervousness . Deceased was a person ot very full habit , and though not subject
to apoplectic fits had recently , especially since the latter end of August , manifested some symptoms which required a ' change in his medicine to prevent apoplexy . Wednesday night , at nine o ' clock , was the last time he saw deceased alive , he offered 'him this alterative , but , upon tasting it , deceased fell into a violent passion , spit tlie medicine out , and declared ho was poisoned , saying that it was the same as that damned , "Russell Purge" that he had taken once ! before . After a little persuasion deceased became . ihore calm , and was at'length prevailed upon to go to bed , but was very much excited , and heard ho more of him until the melancholy tidingsof his death was communicated yesterday ^ mprning , ''•' By ; the / Coroner : Pray , Dr . Peel , how old do ydusuppbse the deceased to have been ?
Ahswer : Oh ' . God only knows ; he had the reputation of being a second Methuaaleh . His friends said he was as old as the hills . Pray ,. may I ask what was the state of deceased ' s mind , and had you reason , at anytime , to think he was not capable of transacting his business ? in short , thathe was not of sound mind ? Answer : For many years he has left the management of his affairs to me ^ but I never savOany change in his mental faculties . Tie Coroner : You think , then , that he was perfectly sane ? Answer : Why , I think he was as sane as ever
he was to the last ; but my impression has always been , that deceased was born an idiot , and I invariably treated him as such . _ Do you think that the alteration in the medicine you offered'him the last night you saw him , and his dbinclination'to take it , was calculated to produce apoplexy , in the state of excitement in which you describe deceased to have been . ' . Answer : Yes ; I think that not at all unlikely : especially as deceased was of very gross habits , and remarkably obstinate . ^ < To what , then , would you attribute the immediate cause ' of his' death ?
Answer : ' Decidedly to apoplexy , arising from repletion , brought on by gross living , which led to impaired digestion , ' added to an unconquerable obstinacy . - # . Have you seen the body of deceased ? and have you any reason to suppose , if you have made a post mortem examination , that the deceased died a natural death ? Answer : That ' s not only my impression , but my conviction . The deceased died from the causes that I have deseribsd . -
A Juror : Mr . Coroner , I think we ; have heard quite enough to enable us to give our verdict . The Coroner : Well , gentlemen of " the . jury , this is a" case widely differing from those you are ordinarily called upon to decide in this parish : for the most part , the cases that have been fo u ght before you are those where the deceased has died of want and starvation , whereas , in the present case " , it appears from the evidence of the valet and of Dr . Peel , that the subject of the present inquiry died of apoplexy , brought on by over-eating , hij > h living , and disinclination to
take the necessary medicine . Gentlemen , from the peculiar . old age of deceased , I think that you may naturally conclude that he had been attached to life ; and , therefore , you may discharge your minds of all notions of suicide " while in a state of insanity , as , gentlemen , there is a great difference between idiotcy and insanity . However , gentlemen , I think , upon the whole , you have sufficient grounds to return such a verdict as will , at one and the same time , satisfy the friends of the deceased and the public at large . . . . ¦ ' ;
The room was then cleared , and the jury remained in consultation for about fifteen minutes , when they returned the . following verdict : — " We find that , the deceased died by the visitation of God , manifested in a blight on thelOth of August last . " ¦ ¦
• -FUNERAL OF . THE ENGLISH ' - OLIGARCHY . It bein ^ determined that the funeral of the English oligarchy should be as private as possible , four 6 | clock ; 6 n Wednesday morning last was . appointed as the hour for this melancholy ceremony . Long ' before the hour , however , a number of thelriehda and relatives of the deceased had atoived at Mr , Cobden ' s ; undertaker , Fleet-street / where the body had been removed . Shortly after four o ' clock the mournful procession was formed , and proceeded in the following
Order To St. Paul's, Where, By The Will ...
order to St . Paul ' s , where , by the will of thede ceased , his remains were to be interred . PROCESSION .
DUKES OF Richmond , Buckingham , Newcastle , . Cleveland , Manchester , Buccleugh . Tenants at Will of the Defeased , carrying flambeaux . Fifty-pound Tenants at Will , in scarfs and hat-bandg .
The coffin was covered with a magnificent pall of black velvet , upon which was emblazoned the arms and motto of the deceased , as follows : — THE BIBLE ANP SWORD . Aud underneath—Fee , faw , fum , I smell the blood of an Englishman . CHIEF MOURNER . Colonel Sibthorpe . Then follows a long and mournful train in the following order : —
Twelve Poor Law Commissioners , Two and Two . The Paupers of St . George ' s Parish , Two and Two . Six Mounted City Police . The Carriage of Dr . Peel going home with his work . Upon arriving at St . Paul ' s the coffin was deposited in the choir , where the service was performed by the Bishop of London ; after which a pathetic sermon was preached by the chaplain of the deceased , from the following text— " They who die by the sword are better than they who perish of hunger , for their bodies pine away , stricken through for want of the fruits of the field . "
Precisely at six o'clock the remains of the deceased were deposited in the family vault , and the mournful procession returned to Apsley House , where they partook of an excellent breakfast .
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France.. The Dissolution Of The Peel Min...
FRANCE . . The dissolution of the Peel Ministry became known in Paris by express on Friday . An immediate fall in all species of securities followed , of course , the knowledge of the fact . As the business of the day proceeded the decline continued with every indication of further progress .. The Paris papers of Saturday announced the " resignation , " The National ; after a brief review of the subject , concludes by predicting that the change of Ministers in England will infallibly occasion a similar proceeding in France . Ibrahim Pacha , son of Mehemet AH , has arrived in
France . A letter from Perpignan , of the 8 th inst ., describes him as more worn than advanced in age . His features , half concealed in thick mustachios and a long white beard , are handsome . He walks with difficulty , and it appears that his malady , although nearly cured , has left his mouth tender . He abstains from all spirituous liquors , and drinks wine diluted with water . The officers of his staff are not so abstemious . The French newspapers contain a notice of the death of Houston , the Emperor Napoleon ' s favourite Mameluke , who died on Sunday ( week ) , at Dourdan ( Seine-et-Oise ) , where he had been living upon a small income of 5 , f ) 00 f . to 6 , 0001 * ., derived chiefly from the sale of the presents from Napoleon and his family .
SWITZFRLAND . A Letter from Lausanne , of the llth , says : — " It having been rumoured that the Conservatives would attempt on Sunday an attack against the government , arms were secretly brought from the arsenal of Mosges , and placed in several houses of the town . In the night a band of Radicals seized on the cannon destinedfor the exercise of the college . A sharp struggle ensued , and several persons were wounded . In the morning the place was covered with blood . " Dr . Casimir Pfyffer has written a lengthy letter to the Morning Chronicle , rebutting the charges ol his enemies as to his complicity in the assassination of M . Leu , and describing ' the unjust and cruel treatment he has endured at the hands of his persecutors .
GERMANY . Rumoured CoNSPmacr in Prussia . —Berlin , Dec . 6 . —For some days past strange stories have been in circulation of the discovery of conspiracies . They have most probably been occasioned by the certainly extraordinary audience which a private soldier has had of the King , and the revelations which he is said to have made to the King of a secret which was suddenly entrusted him to by a person unknown . The soldier had been obliged to promise an oath to the stranger to communicate the secret to the King alone . The story is certainly founded on facts . The audience took place , and the King is said to have
appeared very thoughtful after it . As may be supposed , the most conflicting reports arc in circulation respecting the secret disclosed by the soldier ; the most likely is , that it is connected with the fermentation in Posen , which spreads more and more , and has given occasion to the arrest of several persons . According to this account , a military plot among the numerous Poles in the Guards in this city was shortly to break out . The stranger is supposed , to have been one of the conspirators , whose conscience troubled him , and who desired to ease his heart without directly becoming an informer . —Relatarefero . ( Ilam-r burgpaper . )
ALGERIA . The following are some new details respecting- Col . St . Arnaud's last expedition , contained in a letter from one of the officers , dated Nov . 25 : — " We have killed 693 persons , taken 2 , 000 head of cattle , destroyed the Rebto and the Beni-Madoun , and made razzia on the Hemnis . We set out again this evening to attack the population between Tisi-Salai , Rissa , and Tifiltitis . Unfortunately these successes lead to no results . The emigration of the western tribe continues . This emigration prepares for usanonoceupation of land , which we shall feel severely as long as we shall not be able to fill it up by European colonists / and before thinking of establishing tnom , we must secure their personal safety ; otherwise the villages and centres of population are only sources of emharrasment , for , m order to protect them , " numerous posts must bo left , which reduce our columns materially and melt them away as we advance .
THE UNITED STATES . The Britannia , Royal Mail Steamer , arrived on Tuesday morning , bringing New York papers to the 30 th November . The Oregon Question still continued to be the great subject of discussion . Mr . Packenham , the British Ambassador , and Sir George Simpson , the Governor of the Hudson ' s Bay Settlements , kept up an active communication with the Government , but nothing certain had transpired as to the nature ot President Polk's Message , ' or-the intentions of the American Government . The President ' s "Message " is expected to reach Liverpool by the 21 st inst .
The Anti-Rentebs .- —Commutation of Sentence . —The governor of rifew York State has issued a proclamation , commuting the sentence of death passed on Van Steeriburgh and O'Connor for the"anti-rent riots and murder of Steele , the sheriff , to imprisonment for life . It is a lengthy document ; occupying
France.. The Dissolution Of The Peel Min...
three , columns . of . the . Albany Am . -Thj ^ wpnera wasiLued the day before . tue executions were to bars ^ SS ' from Mexico are of tte jmoWpaemo ^ racter ; the southern republic . thinking ' it ; bestpolicy to spare at once their dollars and their territory both of which would ; in case of hostilities with their neighbours , belost to them .: . The Mexican ^ goyernment now desires to have a boundary defined , to acknowledge Texas as one of the . United-States , and to continue on the best terms possible with the sister republic . Generals Faredes and Arista , who together joW the reins of government at Mexico , are both favourable to the treaty , ' and had issued a proclamation ; that they would suppress any opposition that might be made to it . ';' :. ¦ ¦ „ . The lastadviees fromihei' armyof occupation in
Texas rapresenfcthe . ejdstence ;; oEa ; great / . anxiety ?; to return home , ^ th ere beingriofightingin " prospect ,, nos much to eat , and no pay "forthcoming . An immediate recall was looked for . " # ; The Britannia brings home the GovernorrGeneral of Canada , Sir Charles Metcalfe ( who leaves-hw government on account of ill health ) , faniily , vjand suite . Lord Cathcart is Governor of Canada tul another is appointed . We learn from the commercial accounts brought by the Britannia that the greatest excitement had prevailed in the New York and Montreal corn-markets , in consequence of the accounts from England . Flour had risen to the extraordinary price of 7 dollars 25 cents in the former place , and to 7 dollars 6 cents in the latter . It had subsequently declined to 0 dollars 75 cents .
. THE RIVER PLATE . Recent accounts from the River Plate state that the united English , French , and Monte Videan forces had ascended the River Uruguay as far as the falls of the river at Salto , and that in its progress up they had expelled the troops of Rosas from the towns _ of Paysandu and Mercedes . Their object in ascending the river is understood to have been to open a communication with General Paz , who is at the head of a force of from 5 , 000 to G . men , cavalry and infantry , in the province of Corrientes . If it should become necessarv . these forces maybe brought down of
to Montevideo , in which case the united strength the Correntino armv , of the garrison of Monte Video , of the French and English Marines , and of the regiment of British infantry just lauded at that city will be sufficient to sweep away the army of Oribe if it should not break up or surrender of its own accord , a & t is confidently expected that it will . Since the Capture of the Buenos Ayrean fleet , neither the army of Oribe not that of Urquiza can have received any sort of supplies from Buenos Ayres , and nowthat Mercedes and Paysandu have been occupied by Monte Videan garrisons , their retreat from the Monte Videan territory is nearly impossible .
The joint declaration issued by the Ministers Plenipotentiary of England and France , 611 declaring the city and territory of Buenos Ayrcs in a state of blockade , is an eloquent and well-reasoned state paper , and full y justifies the course taken by the representatives of the two nations .
MASACRE IN SYRIA . We take the following from the Times : — At Giubisihir , near Tripoli , in Syria , the Ottoman troops wishing to force the inhabitants to deliver up their aims , a revolt had taken place , and 900 of the Turkish troops had been massacred .
Foreign Miscellany. Death Of The Bishop ...
FOREIGN MISCELLANY . Death of the Bishop op Jerusalem . —Alexandria , Nov . 30 . —On the morning of the 26 th we received from Cairo the melancholy news of the death of Bishop Alexander , of Jerusalem , who , it appears , died only five miles distant from Cairo , on thedosort . He was accompanied by his lady and daughter . Fkencu PnoFiTMOSGEUS .- 'A considerable sensation has been created in Paris , by the announcement that M . Gabrielde Isot , a brother of the stockbroker who has just failed , has committed suicide by blowing out his brains , at Crenelle . It was also stated at the Bourse that a very large speculator has become insane in consequence of heavy losses .
'V The Triple Alliance. [From The Tyne M...
'V THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE . [ From the Tyne Mercury . ] Whatever may be the jealousies which exist between France and the other great Continental powers , Austria and Russia , there are strong symptoms that , as far aff the power of this country is concerned , there exists a mutual understanding between the Czar and the French Government , and that the United States of Ame-. rica are a party to this" triple alliance . " Let us not be misunderstood nor our meaning distorted . We have no intention , not the slightest , either of saying or insinuating , that any treaty with ' provisions of this tendency exists between these three powers . Far from it . We believeit an understanding merely , based upon such treaties of a commercial nature as may exist between the parties . But though not engrossed upon paper or parchment , signed , sealed , and delivered , it is not the less virtually a tripartite alliance amongst these three power ? , to cripple , wherever they can , the power and influence of England by their joint action , and especially her naval power ,
We may be asked what evidence we have of this t We answer , there exists much evidence , though it is to be sought for from a distance , and does not lie exactly at the surface . In the first place , there can-be no doubt that in Greece and in Egypt the French and Russians are united closely at this moment to destroy , as far as it may < be accomplished , all British power in the . Mediterranean , When the Greek revolt against the power of the Forte first broke out , England was seduced into it by the . specious pretext of establishing constitutional liberty there , whilst the Russians aided in this worlc of freedom , as i 6 was cunningly called , for the sole purpose of weakeningand of alienating the Turkish power . For Russian purposes the battle of Kavarino was fought and won , pr incipally by British skill and courage , and whilst by that " untoward event" French and English blood were spilt ,
Russia reaped the fruits , The Forte was alienated from England . as well as from France , and , as it were in despair , resigned herself to the fatal arms of the Russian as a friend and protector . In the meantime , Greece was made a kingdom , and Otho , of Bavaria , a heavy German , arbitrary and stupid , sent to reign in Attica , as the successor of Pericles and Alcibiades ! What is the result 1 Otho has got a huge loan from England , of which he will neither pay principal nor interest ; whilst France and Russian influence are supreme , and Coletti , notorious for his hatred of England , is made Prime Minister . In Egypt the same result has followed . Russia cajoled Austria and England int « the fatal treaty of 1810 , which at once insulted France , and threiv Mehemet Ali , the Egyptian ruler , into the arms of that power . Thus France has , as it' were , the bribe of
Egypt ( the great object of her covetousness ) in hand , m order to induce her to wink at Russian aggression on the other side ; and to balance the possession of Alexandria , and an open over-land road to India , against the spectacle of a Russian army in Constantinople , and the Dardanelles blocked up by Russian fleets and batteries . On the American continent we see the same game playing . France sells Louisiana to the United States as the keystone of a friendly alliance to be directed against the naval supremacy of England . They begin by resisting the English right Of search , whether in the case of slave-trading or hostilities . They proceed hy shutting out virtually , and setting at naught all the claims of England upon any portion of the
west coast of the North American continent . Russia , in furtherance of this move , claims downwards to latitude 54 deg . 10 win ., whilst Congress asserts that their claim overlaps that of Russia , and extends to latitude 55 deg . In China tho same tactics are proeeeding with . France and the United States are both negotiating treaties of commerce with the Emperor ' s commissioners . The American treaty , it is known , violates the conditions of their commercial engagements with Great Britain ; whilst France , it is believed , is struggling hard to obtain the cession of the Island of Chusan , a prize which , if obtained , will probably be shared between them and the Americans .
The whole of the insidious plot is the result of a tacit determination on' the part of these powers to cripple tho foreign trade , and break down the naval power of England . They know this naval powi-r alone has given England the preponderance which she has attained . Her military power is trifling ; but well do they know the truth of the aphorism of the great Bacon , " the power of the seas is the abridgement of a monarchy . " The discovery of steam navigation has rendered the adventure of destroying the English " abridgement , " an easier task in their estimation . Hence the insidious system , under which France , Russia , and the United States , by building steam frigates , under the guise of " packets , " are secretly trying to collect a navy , the united force of which may be an over-match for a'l that England can muster . That these three navies will , in the event of a war , be united against that of England , let no man doubt , Whilst Louis Philippe lives , It is
probable no open aggression on the part of France may take place ; but his family can only continue to govern by yielding to the ruling passion of the French people , which now is to break up , by means of this coalition , the hated- supremacy of this country . The designs of Russia on India are no secret . In Hindostan they are as well known , and as openly admitted , as any other political truth ; whilst in America the determination of the Republic to sway the whole continent , from Labrador to the isthmus of Darien , is not concealed . We would counsel all concerned , that to hope to buy off this animosity by commercial concessions , is hopeless and suicidal . They will take all they can get in that way ; and when concession has found its limits , and weakness gets fairly ashamed , force wUl be applied to obtain the rest . That the rulers of this country ara becoming allvo to these truths , is now tolerably evident , and if they want further demonstration , it will soon be afforded thtm .
Fire On Clerkenwell Greek.—On Wednesday ...
Fire on Clerkenwell Greek . —On Wednesday morning , between the hours of twelve and one , an alarming fire broke out upon the premises belonging to Mr . Maddox , painter and glazier , No 9 , Clerkenwell-green . The firemen and police exerted themselves to the utmost , and by two o'clock they happily succeeded in extinguishing the flames . A Young Damsel , near Plymouth , who attempted , without success , to poison herself , declared she was impelled to attempt self-destruction in consequence of her ardent affection for two young swains in the neighbourhood , neither , of whom , it appears , could be nduced to reciprocate her love .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 20, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20121845/page/1/
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