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^M i^Qm^^rMA^ •;: ; ' -' c iATV»DAY ,. KOVEMBER' 22,1845. :
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;; - ./ ; r "THE LANDLORDS. .; THEIR DUT...
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THE PEOPLE. /. THEIR DUTIES AND THEIR RI...
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SIGNS OF THE TIMES. CHARTISM. We have no...
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to ftea&u's- x Comgjponto nt&
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IMPORTANT NOTICE. Henceforth all communi...
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Ode Agents will please observe, that it ...
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RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPEIUIIYB LA...
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Austrian- Joubxals. —The number of journals a' present published in the Austrian States is 1*'<
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wiucli, compared with the population, am...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ar00410
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Ad00412
* , «/ iirTTO « H . Sew Bond-street continues ^ ««„ i h ^ i ^ esto imiht feT ^ nsofthe em ^^ £ . eTto pupils , and Has never been equalled by any eompe ^ pwcfide ioms ^ eleTentm four .
Ad00413
TO TAILORS . -Bran rohation ofHer Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and His KoyalHiglmess Prince Albert . THE LONDON aud FAKI 3 FASHIONS for A-atumn and Winter , 1 S « and 1 « 6 , ready early in October , bvRE \ D and Co ., r 2 , Hart . street , Bloomshun / . square , vJondon-Berger , Ilolyrrell-street ; Strand , London , and lavbehad of all Booksellers wheresoever j .-ssidmgia - trvsuperb Print , representing the most splendid exhibi-• JorTin Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , legenf s-parh , Londsn . This exquisitely executed and fceau tifolly coloured Print mil be accompr « ied with-foll s SzeDres ^ Froch . flnd Riding CoatPattero i ;« Oe « , Patterns ofthe New Fashionable Polka Frock , sad Locomotive
Ad00414
TO ALL WHO-GLftJS'T PA ¥ 2 "T 3 IHBDIAtETrotecfir , n , ang . a promptand safe final 1 < $ tscbarg « , withoisi the-intervention © f-a rriaon or an Attorney . AdistfcargetoDehtorsistMwimperattve , because Iutprisonmtsitfor . Be & t is newpeind , net remedial . —Debtors diaE gradesvcill be benefitted by applying Sortbwith to 3 ohn 8 . JBenetead , 22 , Basiaghall-stKeet , near the Courtof Bankruptcy , London .
Ad00415
PAKKOBANOX IR 03 T WORKS . THE LARGEST STOCK IN EUfiOPE . —FPROTSHISG IReKMOSe-EBX , Stoves , ISrates , Kitchen atanges , Fendess , < Fire * ans , best Sheffield Plate , orna-^ mental Iron aad Wire ^ STork , Garden Engines , Rollers . . Ac ,-Japan Tea Trays . Baths , he . —PANKLIBANON IKON "WORKS , adjoinirgMadame Tcssaud's , 58 , Baker-¦ s ireet , rortmsn-square . SJ } ' . - 'Ev « y article as marked ia plain figures at the ovrest cash grices .
Ad00416
G REAT 3 & 1 TA 3 S MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY , li , WiSTEStoo-ptiCE , London . niEEcroBs . Thednsliolm , CSflirman . William Meriey , Hsq ., DeptUy Clioirman . Henry S . Barber , Esq . James John Kinloch , Esq . JohnBriifhtinan , £ sK | . Henry Lawson , Esq . Prancis Brodigan , Esq . Henry Penny , Esq . James " Vf m . Deacon , Esq . Robert Power , Esq ., M . D . Alexander It . Irvine , Esq . The Rev . F . W . Johnson John InghsJerdein , Esq . "V iekery , A . M . AUDITORS . C . B . Rule , Esq . T . C . Simmons , Esq . G . Thomas , Esq . PDisicns . John Clandinning , M . D ., F . R . S ., 10 , Wimpole-street . - SOLICITOR . "Walter Frideaus , Esq ., Goldsmiths' Hall . SA . SKEE . 8 . Union Bank of London . ADVANTAGES OF THIS INSTITUTION . The whole of tlie Profits divided annually among the Members , after payment of five Annual Premiums . An ample euaranteed Capital , in addition to the Fund continually accumulating from Premiums / uUysHJicieJit to afford complete security to the Policy-holders . HALF CREDIT RATES OF PREMIUM . The attention of Assuiiebs is particularly directed to the Half Credit Rates of Premium , by which means Assurances may be effected , and loans for short periods secured with the least possible present outlay , and at a less premiu n than for short terms only , and with the option of paying np the arrears and interest , and the difference between the two rates , thus becoming entitled to participate in the tchole of tite profit of the institution . EXTBACT FBOM THE HALF CREDIT HATES OF PBEH 1 UH . WITHOUT PROFITS . Age 2 n . Age 25 . | Age SO . j Age « . Age Su . I Age 60 . £ s . d . £ s . £ s . d . | £ s . d £ s . A . \ £ s . d . 017 C 0 IS 9 1 1 1 ) 1 S 2 2 1 0 | 3 4 2 WITH PROFITS . Age 20 . Age 25 . Age 30 . i Age 40 . Age 50 . j Age 60 . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d £ s . d . £ s . d . 1 O 11 1 o 0 1 5 S 1 13 1 J 2 8 10 8 15 11 . k i 1 Thus , for example : —A person in the twenty-fifth year of bis age , need only pay 18 s . Od . per cent \ yearly for the first five years , and afterwards by paying up the remaining half with interest , and the difference - between the above rates , he will be entitled to share in the entire profits , which it is expected willi educe the future payments to little more than half the original Mutual rate . The Great Bbiiuin is the only Society in which this very great accommodation is gives to the Assured . Transfers of Policies effected and registered ( without charge ) at the OfSce . Claims on Policies not subject to be litigated or disputed , except with the sanction , in each case , of a General Meeting of the Members , to be specially convened on the occasion Members Assured to the extent of £ 1000 entitled ( after ayment of five Annual Premiums ) to attend and vote at all General Meetings , which will have the superintendence and control of the funds and affairs of the Society . Full particulars are detailed in the Prospectus , which , with every requisite information , may be obtained by apication to * A . R . IRVINE , Managing Director . Agents wanted in Towns not pre-eecupied , and applications from respectable and influential parties addressed to tlie Managing Director , at No . 14 , Waterloo-place , London win meet witli immediate attention . I
Ad00417
SHEFFIELD AND LINCOLNSHIRE JUNCTION RAILWAY . WHEREAS , Notices were duly published in the month of November last , in the London Gazette , the Sheffield and Botlierham Independent , the Nottingham Journal , the Derbyshire Courier , the Lincoln , Eutlaml , and Stamford Mercury , and tlie Hncoln Standard Newspapers , that application was intended to be made in the then next ensning Session of Parliament , for leave to bring in a Bill to incorporate a Company , and to give to such Company power to make and maintain a Railway , commencing by a Junction vriik the ShefKeld , Ashton-under-Lyne , and Manchester Railway , at or near Oborne-street , in the Township of Bri « litside Bierlow , in the Parish
Ad00418
rv > , . .. ;¦ : THESifipii 0 & SEJ [ J M . v : ; ; ^ GEAKD ^) RCHBETBAL ORGAN . —Tins magnifictnt f establUhmen « i )" pat «» niBed and ,-visited by iher MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT , has now , in addition ' to its former alterations , a new OrchestralOrgan , erected in theOlyptotheca , on which the most admired pieces of music will be played daily , from Two till Pour o'Cloelc . Open from Ten till Halfpast Four . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Cavernsi the ^ most magnificent of all ' the Temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . each , The whole projected and designed by JI . W . Bradwell . . h EVENrNG . EXHIBITION .. )
Ad00419
TO THE EMBA & RXSSE ® . —^ IMPORTANT .-THER E are-thousjrtids-of persons who h ? f / e struggled long -against the foroe -of nvisfortum % but few are aware that by a wry -recent Aot = allsmalltraders owing debts not -exceeding £ S 06 , farmers , and-aSl others owing to any amount , icw-be entirely -raisedfrom their difficulties -at a small "espenee , and--without imprisonment or beakFopfey . Ail such Mr . Weston begs-will apply to him at Moiw-cham & ers , ET , Ironnwnger-kue , Cheapside , by fetter-or . personally . Persons smmnroaedfor-smaliaebtssbould apply immediately , as they may thereby save themselves from frequentandloEgtihewd oomaitments to prison .
Ad00420
mm THOUSANDS OF POUNDS sterling TO BE GIVEN rpQ THE SUBSCRIBERS TO THE PIC-1 TORIAL TIMES . For pa . rdco . lars of this extraordinary undertaking apply immediately to any Bookseller , or Newsrender , in Engtead , Ireland , or Scotland , or to the furnisher , Mr , C . Evans , 351 , Strand , London , who will be happy to forward a Prospectus . -
Ad00421
MELODIES FOR THE MILLION FOR ALL INSTRUMENTS .
Ad00422
Published 15 th November , 1845 , price 20 ., SOURCES or MEANS of APPROPRIATION for the Human Creature ' s Property of Pecuniary Posses , sions or Increasings , now offered in lieu of the Unsound , the Unreal , National Funding System . A Letter to the Editor of " The Times , " by Luke James Hansaed . — August 16 , 1845 . Printed and Published by Luke James Hansard , near Lmcoln' < -inn-fields , London .
Ad00423
JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER , THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleetstreet . © fr Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers . Also lately published , in 2 vols ., 12 mo . , Price Fourteen Shillings ,
Ad00424
UNITED TRADES' ASSOCIATION FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOURUN AGRICULTOftE AND MANUFACTURES . ( Provisionally registered . ) Office , 80 , Hyde-street , Bloorasbury . London . Present proposed capital , £ 100 , 000 in 20 , 000 shares of £ 5 each .
^M I^Qm^^Rma^ •;: ; ' -' C Iatv»Day ,. Kovember' 22,1845. :
^ M i ^ Qm ^^ rMA ^ •; : ; ' - ' iATV » DAY ,. KOVEMBER' 22 , 1845 . :
;; - ./ ; R "The Landlords. .; Their Dut...
;; - . / ; r " THE LANDLORDS . . ; THEIR DUTIES AND THEIR RIGHTS . ' There is no theme that has been more exhausted , a . i subject to which . public attention has been more ? . ctiyely directed , than to a consideration as to what arc the duties , ani what the rights , of the landlord class . It is now more than ten years since we ( in our Opacity of gratuitous editor of the . IVue Stm daily newspaper , upon the occasion of Colonel Bbcem , ¦ M . P . for Carlow , calling the Irish people savages ) ventured to predict that the'day would come when the nonperformance of those duties devolving " upon the landlord class would compel the savages to inquire into their claim to those rights which they have hitherto held , upon no better title than popular ignorance and eavage forbearance . .
Since then argument , remonstrance , and threat have been exhausted in anti-landlord agitation . The newspaper press of every shade of politics has , devoted its columns to caution or denunciation .. But advice to the powerful is as " pearls tfirouin 6 e / ora swine . " . The landlords , strong in usurped rights , powerful in the Commons , and omnipotent in the Lords , preferred the adoption of the Newcastle principle , that they had a right to do what they liked with their , own , to the timely caution of their friends , and to the warning voice of their foes ; They followed the easier , but the more dangerousi , course , until at length the substitution of laws the most savage , and of deeds the most barbarous for their natural duties , has led the public mind to the consideration of the more comprehensive question
THE USE OF-AlANniORDClASS . - "' . ' Before we enter upon this important branch'of our subject , let us take a short review , of what the landlords consider thoir duties to be ; Vy duty consists in giving a venal support to the Minister of the day in all his schemes for the subjugation of labour to the will of capital , the landlords have performed their duty . If duty consists in . the harshest administration of the almost obsolete laws of barbarous times , tho landlords have been dutiful . ' If duty consists in the preservation of'Wild animals and birds that are enemies to the poor , but delicacies to the rich , the landlords have been faithful stewards of their trust . If duty consistsin after « dinnerpot-valiancy , in which the rightsof labour areboastfullytrumpetted forth , the
landlords have performed their duty . If duty consists in distinguishing a sow for tlie number of her progeny with a reward of £ 5 , and the poor man for the hardships and privations that he has submissively endured for thirty years with a reward of £ 2 , the landlords have performed their duty . If , as landlords , to fleece their tenants , and , as politicians , to coerce them ; if , as representatives , . to tax them ^ nationally , and , as grand jurors , to tax them locally ; if , as jurors , to convict them without trial ; as yeomen to cut them down wifhout mercy ; as . magistrates to commit them without law ; and , as guardians , to STABYB them without remorse ; iv , as neighbours ; to hate them , and , as christians , zo mock them , be what is meant by the performance of duty , then have our landlords faithfully discharged theirs .
If , upon the other hand , duty consists in just legislation , and the mild administration of law , ' in the protection of the lives , the liberties , and the properties of those whose power they have usurped ; in the defence of the weak against the strong ; in seeing to the education of } -outh ; the protection of manhood , and the comfort of old age—have the landlord class performed any one of those duties ? Duties and rights can neither be inherited by birth , defined by law , nor limited by practice , but must be subject to the varied circumstances , and even sudden changes , to which society is liable ; and hence , what is duty to-day may be a violation to-morrrow , and what' is a right one day may be a usurpation the next .
It may be a right , and perhaps a duty , to impose certain laws , conditions , and restrictions upon a population comparatively small ; while it would be a wrong and an injustice to impose the same lawsfeonditions , and restrictions upon an increased population , upon whom they must press with increased severity . Such is precisely the present condition of the landlord class . They have inherited those duties and rights necessary for , and tolerated by , the unconnected mind of barbarous ages . Their prejudices and uncontrolled abuse of those powers have made them deaf to the loud appeals of present necessity , and the demand for further adjustment of the duties and rights of all .
It may have been a right to impose certain conditions . and restrictions upon the uncultivated feudal vassals of barbarous ages . It may have been just , nay prudent , to stipulate that so much land should be arable , and so much pasture . The reservation of manorial rights from those who were not likely to discover the hidden treasures of the earth may be one day tolerated as a childish toy or a cherished
heirloom , to be transmitted from father to son , but the prying eye of industry may , as it has done , convert this harmless bauble into national plunder . Inolden times conditions , trifling in their nature , were tacitly submitted to by the untutored public , while in our day the very enforcement of those conditions . 'has brought us now to the verge oi famine , arid at all times subjects us to the tender mercies of Jew jobbers , traffickers , speculators , and foreign diplomatists .
Mayhap the free trade reader has already discovered , in our reasoning , ample cause for calculating upon our future support in aid of his plan for humbling the landlord class ; but , on the contraiy , we are thus particular in stamping with our strongest reprobation that policy which has satisfied the working classes with a mere change of masters , with the simple -transference of duties and of rights from tlioughtless booh / ism to ealculating ruffianism . If wc desire the Upas tree to be felled , it is not with the free trade axe , from whose every wound would spring ten thousand tyrants for every fool that it destroyed . It is by a public opinion that will be wise enough to apply the great change to national purposes , and not by the enthusiasm of frenzied speculators , that we wish the monster crushed .
The working classes have ever been diverted from the pursuit of one enemy by being halloo'd upon another , until at length the ground has become so foiled that they lose the scent of the legitimate game . Their game is the possession of power , not its mere transference from the hands of one party to those of another ; and the question with them , in that struggle which is sow at hand between machinery and Land , must be , not which has been the greatest , which the most active , which the most powerful opponent of their rights—but how they can get & just and legitimate control over the one and the other—oyer the one
which starves them by over-production and unjust distribution , and over the other which starves them by noii-production , or what is the same , insufficient production for the necessities of those for whose only use it ivas created . God gave the Land to the whole people , and not to the landlords ; and , therefore , as God , who made the Land , did not create duties which may be inherited , or rights which may be usurped , and as upon the proper exercise of those duties and those rights their title is said to depend , and , inasmuch as they have failed in the performance of the one , and unjustly monopolised and injuriously stretched the other , we cannot , for the life of ub , discover •;> -. - THE USE OF A LANDLORD CLASS .
The People. /. Their Duties And Their Ri...
THE PEOPLE . / . THEIR DUTIES AND THEIR RIGHTS . " It is as much the duty of a people to rebel against a corrupt House of Commons as against a tyrannical monarch . " Such is one ofthe duties of the people , as defined by Lord Bolixgbrokk , a COURTIER and a Tokt . It is , however , but one duty , and one in the exercise of which there are so many collateral contingencies , such as success or failure , liberty or increased tyranny , glorious life or ignominious death ,. that we shall not select it for very close consideration or nice criticism ; and for this special reason—because it is a duty . that there is danger now in defining . Thus
The People. /. Their Duties And Their Ri...
much , however , wewillsay ' 4 the House of Commons is ' corrupt , most corTupt ^ ' ^ re'com pt ^ thanjany House of Commons that Sas rilledi . thej . destinies < of this' once great 'i natieB ,,-but ^ ow staving- ^ tle island , "¦;• ¦ " ¦ '¦ ~ / - ' / : :: . J ' '"' ' ' : 'V ! , ' ~ l ' - ' . i "\ " - ' :- ; : Having no taste , whatever ^ to ^ hauled befero the wind of the nautical Attorney-General , we shall here select for animadversion some of those duties in . the performance of which there is less danger than is generally attached .-to ' . ' the '' specific of the , courtier Tory Lord . We shall not introduce any sectarian question , but shall confine our remarks to what arfe Man ' s social and what his political duties . Man ' s social duties are of an individual and national
character . As an individual it is his duty , to protect his life , to rcpol force by force , to disable those who would otherwise hurt or injure him in conflict , and to slay those who would otherwise take his life in strife . To see to the education of the youthful , and to secure the comfort and independence of hisfaraily . To dp noact from selfishness , or for the gratification of his own feelings or passions that would injure the future prospect , or diminish the future comforts , of those to whom he hiad . given existence ; apd though last , not least , to recognise no natural distinction whatever between himself , lonely and humble as he may be , and the proudest monarch on the earth's surface .
Such are man s social duties as an individual . His national duties are to see how he can best secure for himself and all others the uncontroled power of faithfully discharging his duties as an individual , and the ruling maxim of . his conduct should be—that , when any one individual ofthe community is oppressed by the operation of law the whole community is also oppressed . It is his duty to make all requisite ' sacrifices for the preservation of those rights he does possess , as well as to struggle incessantly for the repossession of those he has lost ; and not less for . the acquirement of such newrights as change or necessity may . render indispensable , for securing to him his
equal position-in an altered state of society . It is by the usurpation of new rights that governments control—it is only by the acquisition of equal rights that the people can resist . Reason- points out the injustice of a society consisting of different classes , with the respective rights of both defined , being varied from the original contract by the assumption of new rights by one section . Such is precisely the position ofthe British public . Their natural , hay , their legal , rights , remain pretty nearly the same upon the statute book , while the usurped rights of the other sections of society have rendered all popular rights a mere dead letter .
Independently of . the natural , the implied , and defined national duties of man , we should not lose sight of the great auxiliary , Expediency—a term which , though damaged by misuse , is , nevertheless , one of man ' s most powerful allies ; and as we shall presently show , the time has arrived when it is expedient that each individual of the community should faithfully discharge those national duties , for the due performance of which he is naturally responsible . If , as is now generally admitted , there is philosophy in idleness , there is also criminality in apathy when the herald summonses us to action .
The immediate , the most pressing , and the most honourable duty that the working classes can now perform , and tte most fitting time for its performance , is the duty that they owe to those through whose oppression the whole community has received damage . While we consecrate the memory of the departed , let us not forget the sufferings of the living , and , above all , let us not lose the opportunity which now presents itself of releasing them from that bondage into which the laws of oppression , and the non-performance of national duty , lias cast them . Hopeless as ouv expectations from remonstrance ,
memorial , and petition on behalf of Frost , Williams Jones , Ellis , and others have been , we have nevertheless fostered and encouraged that enthusiasm , come when It may , which can alone convince our rulers , that , though absent , they are not forgotten . While we attached but slight importance to the pledges the professions and the promises of men who supposed their seven years' tenure of power in part depended upon popular will , we nevertheless saw the necessity of jogging their memories upon this allimportant subject , and of reminding them that a
reckoning-day would yet come . We had no hope from a new Parliament vitiated by tho prospect of a seven years' lease , but wo have hope that in the hour of expiration that Parliament will grant to selfish fear what it has refused to stern justice , There were many who had high anticipations from the hustings pledges of those who declared themselves in favour of the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones ; we bad none , but we have hope , and confident hope , that such a change has come o ' er the spirit of their dream as will remind them now of that reckoning day which is at hand .
Parliament cannot last much longer . Let us test jt in its agonies of death , and what in its strength it insolently refused to concede , perhaps , in its weakness , it may ostentatiously grant . To this end , and as Government has evinced considerable embarassment by calling Parliament together at an earlier period than is usual , let ks see to the strict and honourable performance of that duty which now devolves upon society—the duty of demanding the restoration of men who would have been hung if they had been found guilty , and who were transported because they wore illegally tried . Now is the time , not for one
unwieldy national petition which requires cumbrous machinery and considerable expense to get up , but for a flood of national opinion running to the fountain head in tributary streams from every quarter of the land . We will do our duty—wc will be prepared with petitions from every section of the metropolis , and . ifneedbe . to 'follow the shadow with the substance—to the door of the House . Let the country do likewise . Let the hands of Duncombe be thus strengthened . Let him whose courage is equal to the task , —let him whose eloquence will give it force , and whose resolution will give it effect , be the mediator between our wishes and our rulers .
Let our . petitions be Parliamentary , but bold ; courteous , but manlyj and then , should those who have been pledged to their restoration forget their duty when the reckoning-day comes , let us not forget ours ; and , instead of placing false hope in dishonest men , let us take vengeance for their misdeeds by hallooing Frost in tlieir ear , and hooting them from the hustings . While we have implicitly obeyed the
injunctions of our leader , in not again petitioning the present Parliament for the People ' s Charter , we are under no bond , or covenant , not to petition in favour of the Exiles;—and thus will the people have discharged one of their most sacred duties—and , should they succeed , they will have re-possessed themselves of one of their dearest rights—the right of appeal from an unconstitutional tribunal to the judgment of the whole people .
Signs Of The Times. Chartism. We Have No...
SIGNS OF THE TIMES . CHARTISM . We have not space this week to do more than merely direct attention to the report of the very interesting meeting of London carpenters , which took place on Monday last . When we take the speeches and sentiments delivered at the above meeting , in connection with the apprehensions of our rulers—the increasing energy of the Chartist body—the renewed exertion on behalf of Frost , Williams , and Josebthe anxious desire w «/ to possess the Land—the despondency prevailing throughout all classes ol
speculators—the state of Ireland—and the once more dark speck visible in the west , it requires no great foresight to predict fromsncli signs that some alteration , if not at hand , is expected . Wo have always asserted that the calm of Chartism was not its grave , but , on the contrary , was its scho ol-time . From 1835 to 1843 , in vain did we use the lash of agitation to bring the carpenters and other trades into our polite cal seminary . For eight years we failed , and , as if to prove the value of the principle itself , two vears ' thought has had a greater effect than eight years ' agitation . We ejoice that the cai-penters are volun-
Signs Of The Times. Chartism. We Have No...
teers , and that thoy :, Imv * » ot' been ' coerced by inflamed narangues , but that theyfcavebeen } bnvinced be reason-i and . reflection . .. One such , volunteer is worth ten thpusand ? . crimped ' . '' recruits . We have little doubt that the creditable example set by this locality of carpenters will have a prodigious effect upon the whole body of trades generally . Again commending the perusal of their proceedings to our readers , and thanking them' for their kindly feeling towards ourselves , we beg to assure them that at all times the Star shall be at their service , while it shall ever be our pride to merit a continuance oi * their approval , ,
To Ftea&U'S- X Comgjponto Nt&
to ftea & u's- x Comgjponto nt &
Important Notice. Henceforth All Communi...
IMPORTANT NOTICE . Henceforth all communications for the Northern Star must be addressed simply thus ;—To the Editor , Northern Star Office ,. 16 , Great Windmill-street , London . I request particular attention to the above notice . - FBARCDS O'CONKOE .
Ode Agents Will Please Observe, That It ...
Ode Agents will please observe , that it is only communications for tlie paper that are to be addressed to the Editor . All orders and other matters , not intended for the Editor , are . still to be addressed as ; before , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Northern Star Office , 16 , Groat Windmill . strect ,, HnymarKet , London . Mk : Yates , Skelton , has procured his post-office order payable at the Strand Post-office , instead of at Charingcross . Mr . Leadley , Bradford , has procured liis payable at the General Post-office . All post-office orders for the Northern Star must be made payable at Charingcross . '
Crimes of the Land Robbers . —We find the following in the Cork Reporter ;—A valued and respected correspondent has put us into possession of a circumstance which occurred at Fermoy petty sessions , that in our opinion deserves public notice , and calls for explanation . A poor man , named Michael Leary , kiln labourer , at Clondillane , was summoned last week to the sessions by Edward K . Carry , Esq ., as a trespasser , because in a moment of exhaustion he entered his field to take a drink of -water at a running stream . This gentleman is , we understand , himself a magistrate , and sat on the bench while the case was being adjudicated . The poor man was fined in the mitigated penalty . of one shilling for his sup of cold water , and in addition to this he had to pay costs amounting to
- one shilling and sixpence . The Potatoe Disease . —When circumstances occur which affect the interests of society generally , it becomes the duty of every citizen to whom an idea occurs which may tend to remove , or at least partially elleviate a calamity , to step forward , and communicate that idea for the general benefit . The presemt state of the potatoe crop is of the greatest consequence , not only to this country , but to the greater part of the civilised world , and any step which could be taken to arrest the progress of th » destructive disease which threatens , ' not only a paucity of that irnportaat article of sustenance for the ensuing winter , but for years yet to come , would be of incalculable benefit . Many intelligent , ' practical , and scientific men hare given their
opinions to the public on the subject , and laid down many plans for the security of such portions of tke crop as at present appears to be untainted , and however they may differ in their remedies , they generally agree as to the cause of the disease , which they attribute to an excess of humidity . Whether this humidity has generated an insect invisible to the naked eyo , as is [ the casa in mildew in wheat , I am not prepared to say ; but if it be soor not , I beg to suggest the following : method , which forcibly strikes me as the most likely to succeed in being beneficial : —If the potatoes are upon very wet soils , let the dirt be detached from them when dug up . as much as possible , with the hands , using ilo scraping instruments , and then carried as soon as practicable to a malt-kiln , upon which let them bespread singly ; then let a proper fire be made with good coke under the kiln , the same as for malt ; let the process of drying be carried oh gently and equally ,
keeping the fire at an equal pitch , and attending to the turning of the potatoes during the whole process ; and let this be continued till upon examination it is found that the greater portion of the humidity is dried up , or evaporated . When they appear to be sufficiently dry , let them be stored ( if room can be found ) singly , or at least , as thin as possible , upon dry straw , and exposed to the air without covering , till the approach of frost renders a secure covering of straw necessary for their protection . B y these means the superfluous moisture , which not only assists the progress of the disease , but produces premature vegetation , will be dried up or evaporated ; audit' there be an animated insect , tho sulphuric fumes , emanating from tlieignited coke , would insure its destruction . —T . It , Smart , Markfield , 12 th November , 18-15 . Admission of Documents is Evidence . —A very useful Act of Parliament , respecting the admission of etrtain
official and other documents in evidence has come into force within a few days . The act is the 8 th and 9 th Victoria , c . 113 , By various statutes now in being , documents are receivable in evidence , provided they be authenticated as prescribed , but the difficulty has been to prove that they are genuine . This difficulty is now removed , and from the 1 st of November , all documents which are now received on authentication are to be admitted , provided they respectively purport to be sealed or impressed with a stamp , and signed as directed by any act made , or- hereafter to be made , without anj proof of the seal or of the signature thereon . Henceforth , courts , & c , arc to take judicial noticeof the sig .
nature of equity . or common law judges . attached to any legal document . Copies of private acts , journals oi Parliament , and proclamations are to b « admissible in evidence . Persons forging a seal or signature , & c . to be imprisoned or transported . A docunuiit may , on suspicion of being forged or improperly seal « d , b « Impounded . The act is not to extend to Scotland . The Edjtob of the Northern Star presents his compliments to the secretary ofthe Huddersfield branch of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , and begs to assure him that in those observations of last week , at which he feels hurt , that not the slightest reference whatever was intended towards him , further than as the medium through which subscriptions are received
from the shareholders to be paid to the account of the treasurer . Indeed , so far from offering even a slight to Mr . Stead , we had always looked upon his acceptance of the office of secretary with unmised pleasure . The fact stands briefl y thus : —Mr . Stead having , till lntely , forwarded his remittances to Mr . O'Connor , and that gentleman finding no entry from . Mr . Stead in his list , and not having looked over thbt of the general secretary , came , as it now appears , to the erroneous conclusion that none had been sent ; and Mr . O'Connor ' s only reason for investigating into the matter at all was in consequence of the following passage in a letter received from Huddersfield of Tuesday ' s date : — "The devil is using his best endeavours to prevent the success of the Land plan , and has , for
some time , been trying to dissuade the people from joining the Association . " From the notice in last , week ' s Star , then , and the explanation now given , Mr . Stead will at ouce see that the impression upon Mr O'Connor ' s mind was not that he had neglected transmitting the monies , but that the subscribers bad neglected to pay up their instalments , and the secretary was merely mentioned as the medium of communication . However , if any , the slightest , affront could be eonstrued by Mr . Stead , Mr . O'Connor begs to state that he regrets most sincerel y having been the means of causing him a moments pain . To THE SCOTCH SlIS . REnoi . DEaS or -THE Chaktist Co . operative Land Societv . —As many sums of monev
arc announced ia our second edition that do not arrive m time to be published in the earlier one sent to Scotland , it may not be uninteresting for them to know that during the two last weeks the receipts have exceeded £ 482 . We though- , that this intelligence might be gratifying to our Scotch friends . The Land , the Land . —We beg to acknowledge mainvaluable communications from llochdale , Cheltenham Wamngton , London , Dewsbury , Huddersfield , Wootten-under-Edge , Cirencester , and several other places the substance of which shall be faithfully laid before the forthcoming Conference , while it would require more time than is at our dispodal to give a separate answer to each .
The CoNFEaENcE .-We cheerfully assent , and we are sure that our brother directors and delegates will also assent , to attend a public meeting at Manchester , on iuesday evening , the 10 th of Decembc-r , James Savoy , WA « r . iNGToN < _ The Poor Law Amendment Act was introduced by the Whig Government , in ^ 1834 , during the administration of Lord Melbourne . iminLEY . —We are quite alive to all contained in bis kind letter , and he may rest assured that his commu-_ mcation and advice shall not be lost upon us . E . G ., expresses a hope that Feargus O'Connor will be ready once more to take the field when famine aud depression of wages takes place . Mr . O'Connor has always been in the field , and he trusts that he will find •& . G . there also .
Tuomas rATTERSAt—As there appears to be a desire to learn the true situation of this young enthusiastic and much injured man , I , beg leave , for the information Of the Victim Fund committee to state , that I know of no individual in tho Chartist ranks who is more deservinc of public support .- When enthusiasm was valuable , I believe his was real-and sincere . He suttered more by mont I r f ° - th " tUan fr ° WS W » ™» t ° f "de ' - went He bore 1 , incarceration with fortitude , and retuned with exhausted constitution , but un mjaired spirit , to his political , devotions . The poor Sw h now afflicted with a running abscess in w * back S eh renders labour almostout of thequestion , and his pre lTfr \ t a , nl uS ^ 3 Ct hiS deV 0 ti 0 " to'ClmrllS I asnesnand unfaded as when he was its youthful enthusiastie , and eloquent disciple , I thought tha I mvrdunfh - ^ Ke thatfe l ' La ,, d S ° * ' and ! La ™ ° n ' y fruSanrt , wVr , . PaU n ™» y * eone of its earliest ot'ZvS 1 " II 18 ^ y comes he will , as he ought to be , provided for out of the fund in hand . Feargus O'Coknob ,
Ode Agents Will Please Observe, That It ...
Mr . Coons * ( author ' of "The Purgatory 0 f ^" " ^ beg * to inform , the Manchester friends wh ?*^ ) , whether he intends to publish his lectures that e - " tuif e exception of tho facts embodied in them ' he p , * 1 " 1 h membep the words in which they are deL . il ? f e . does lie think they would be worth printinc brt « -V posed , simply , of a plain narration of facts ' info 8 C 0 l > i . with a very few , ^ extremely plain , and almost w > dent reflections . Ltteratureis now cheap , and hi ' * ' * ' - information can easily be obtained by readiu" ' ^ 1 QOERT ?—To the Editor of ihe Northern Star-X [ r no stickler for the perpetuation ofthe CoriU / T" * " * as Cobden , Bright . arid ' Co . ' nreanA'fous tomakep ?' , "'! ' the workshop ofthe world , " and eject the bu = bt 1 aii ( I from the ; soil to make way . lor doublc-deeU-l "" ^ power-looms , I should like to know what ouv T ,, iv n < 1 ¦ wi ll be , should a scanty harvest and the potatoe , !^ Iftl pervade the two continents of Europe and Z ^ particularly if our European neighbours antl J * , T . should not gratif y the desire of the League bvci , n ing their bleach-grounds into corn fields . Uiiirm !! ' ? - nery into implements of agriculture , and theii- ,, T into barns ! I guess we should be in a pretty fix Z ,. llDs the jaws of famine , and the finger aud thumb of v "
, TTinil ' Tllfi T . P . ICMin milfiillv fonrof fhntA-J ' "Hi . mon ! The League wilfully forget that God gave to n the land for his inheritance , not wheels and wllr , bands , and if we despise that inheritance , famine icl justdesert , . . ' Wiuum ! ¦ > the "Leeds Times" anh tub "JTobthebn St «» The editor ef theXeedj Times has taken some exce "" tions to the statemon traade by Mr . M'Gow an r « ' j e ' . * ing the printing of the Northern -Star , and lias also ; serted a communication calling in question the conJj " ness of that statement . —Mr . M'Gowan has no occasio " to explain or qualify anything he said on tliis ^ ' fc ; J ! in the Northern Star of November 1 st , except that th sum he then mentioned as having been paid to the com positors , was paid for the composition of the Stm- onh . that sum includes no payment whatever for other tvork *
The letter inserted in the Leeds Tims , in contradiction of Mr . M'Gowan ' s statement , is a monstrous fabvi Pa lion . One journeyman is there represente d as be ; non the Star companionship who was not thin in Mr M'Gowan ' s employment ; the names of three jom-n ^! men who were in the companionship are supjn-esseaand one apprentice who was on other work , and one who had previously left Mr . M'Gowan ' s employmen t ar . - both represented as being engaged on the star . Ti , e letter is , from first to last , a gross and deliberate fabrication . —Mr . M'Gowan will not again condescend to notice the assertions of this anonymous slanderer , neither will he condescend to retaliate upon Mr .
Frederick Hobson , by a publication of the many facts that have come to his knowledge respecting the mode of procedure in the ofHce of the Leeds Times , He thiuk ^ .. however , that Mr . Frederick Hobson , who manifests such a propensity to obtrude himself into the private affairs of another tradesman , would have done well to have made some attempt to explain or refute the very serious charges made by Mr . O'Connor in the Northern Am- of the 1 st inst . Joshua Stoweel desires us to inform the members ofthe Chartist Co-operative Land Society , that allcommuai . cations must bo addressed to him , King-lane , Lotver . gate , Ciitheroo . J . —We shall have no room for poetry this side of
C . instmas . T . Wright , SiocKroBT . —We cannot find room to notice his statement concerning the factory system this wetk . Saeford . —The report of the weekly meeting of the Ssi * ford branch of the Co-operative Land Society , is io badly written'that it is impossible to understand it . Yeovil . —Mr ; Clark has been lecturing at this place , or some place in its neighbourhood ; we cannot tell lvliich from the report before us . The meeting appears to have been well attended , Mr . C . ' s lecture well received , Chaetist Fukebal . —Hacknet . —The committee for managing the funeral of the late W . II . Bain , inform the friends of the deceased that they must assemble at the bottom of Well-street , corner of Wick-strtet , at half-past two o ' clock . The burial will take place at the Bethnal-green cemetery . J . Gathard . —We have no room to notice your letter this week .
Receipts Of The Chartist Co-Opeiuiiyb La...
RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPEIUIIYB LAND SOCIETY . FEB SIB . O ' COKHQS , Ss . i
SHARES . Derby , per W ' m . Crabtrce .. „ .. 500 Thomas Miller , Lanark .. .. .. .. o 35 o Exeter , per F . Clark „ .. .. .. 2 0 5 Bradford , Wilts , per G . Mansfield .. .. ICO Oldham , per Wm . Hamer .. .. .. 5 0 o Derby , per Wui . Crabtree .. ,. ., 200 William Tell ' s Brigade 5 0 0 Ovenden , near Halifax , per J . Ashworth .. 5 18 5 Lake Lock , per Wm . Humphrey .. .. .. 1 0 0 Leeds , per Wm . Brook .. .. .. .. 10 0 0 Norwich , per J . Hurry „ „ „ .. 2 0 ( I Itai-nsley , per J . Wjird .. „ „ „ 5 u 0 William Mann , Northampton .. .. „ 2 12 0 Kidderminster , per G . llolloway .. .. 2 0 i > Stockport , per T . Woodhouse ¦ .. ,. ., 12 0 0 Oxford , per J . Bridgewater 8 ? 2 Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. ,. ,, 12 5 3 Bulwell , per ditto : .. .. ,. .. 1 lu 0 Woottoti-under-Edge , per R . Lacey .. .. 0 l ! i 2 Alva , per J .. Robertson .. .. .. .. 3 11 2 Rochdale , per E . Mitchell „ „ „ 112 tl Halifax , per C . Smith .. .. ,. „ S ] S tf Staleybridge , per J . Durham .. .. .. 14 13 tf
Northampton , per W . Mundig 2 0 0 Bradford , per J . Alderson .. .. .. i 0 0 Radclifte , per T . Bowker „ „ „ 2 ( I 0 Todmordeii , per S . Witham .. „ .. 8 IB 0 Birmingham , per W . Thorn .. .. .. 500 Ashford , per A . Doxcy 1 0 0 Leicester , per W . Dates .. .. .. .. 2 O 0 Scarborough , per C . Weadley „ „ ., 200 Bramsgrove , per 3 . Heath ., ,. ., 0 8 0 Biiston , per C . Powell .. .. .. .. 400 Plymouth , per E . Robertson .. .. .. 350 Colue , per H . Hovsfield .. .. .. .. lo 0 ft Cheltenham , per W . Wilson .. ,. .. 8 15 0 Leicester , from John Oades .. .. ., 0 10 8 Manchester , per J . Murray 22 0 0 Coventry , per G . Freeman .. „ ,. 1 16 3 Ashton-under-Lj-ne , per E . Hobson .. .. 12 5 9 Brighton , Artichoke Inn locality , per William Flower .. ,. 715 3 Newcastle-upon-Tyne , per M . Jude .. .. 3 4 i Preston , per J . Brown .. .. .. .. 5 4 0 Carlisle , per 3 . Gilbertson .. „ ,, 500 Bolton , per E : Hodrkinson „ „ ,, 3 17 0
PER GENERAL SECEETABY . £ « . d . £ s . d . SHABES . CoIIumpton , Mr . ' ' Eliz . Findlater .. 2 12 0 Pannell , 9 shares 10 0 Wm . Findlater .. 4 4 0 Devizes .. ,. 12 15 4 Thomas Dredge .. 050 Lambeth .. .. 1 ? 6 9 Greenwich .. .. 200 George Mills , near Plymouth .. .. 230 Edinburgh „ 0 14 8 St . Ives .. .. 0 i i John Pritchard .. 014 Warrington .. .. 530 James Smith .. 042 Ashton .. .. 2 13 0 Westminster ,. 2 10 4 Sudbury .. .. 1 38 " 0 Whittingtoti & , Cat 7 8 10 Colne , per Watson 0 2 " 8 Alex , Findlater .. 2 12 0 Todmorden .. .. old
LEW FOR TUB LAND CONFLUENCE . PElt MR . O ' CONNOR . Thomas Miller . Lanark 0 0 3 Exeter , per P . Clark 0 S i Bradford , Wilts , per G . Mansfield .. .. 0 0 « Ovenden , near Halifax , per G . Ashworth .. 0 3 ' ) Lake Lock , per W . Humphreys .. .. .. 0 1 0 Leeds , per W . Brook 0 13 6 Kidderminster , per G , Ilolloway ., „ .. Old Oxford , per G . Bridgewater .. „ .. 9 0 li Nottingham , per J . Sweet .. „ „ 0 7 I Laiubley , ditto „ .. 0 2 - Woottoti-under-Edge , per J . Lacey „ „ 0 i ' Alva , per J . Robertson „ „ „ 0 0 " llochdale , per E . Mitchell „ „ ., ' 0 7 c Ashford , per A . Doxcy 0 j ti Rromsgrove , per A . Heath .. .. .. 0 J 5
Biiston , per C . Powell „ u .. .. 0 1 0 Manchester , per J . Murray „ ., „ « 10 0 Staleybridge , per J . Durham .. „ „ J f i Coventry , per G-. Freeman 0 3 ! Preston , per J . Brown .. ., „ „ 0 3 & Bolton , per E . Hodgekinson .. .. .. 0 S 3
ritt UEHEBAL SECRErAar . Devi 7 . es .. .. 013 Merthyr Tvdvil .. 0 2 0 Westminster .. 013 Sudbury * .. .. 0 2 0 Reading .. .. 060 Sheffield .. .. 0 2 « Dalston ... .. 023 Campsie .. .. 0 1 ' Norwich .. .. 0 1 0 Colue , per Watson 0 3 » Halifax .. .. 0 11 0 Todmorden .. 00 * Plymouth .. .. 0 7 0 Ovenden .. .. 0 3 " Wigan .. .. 0 19 0 New Radford .. 030 CAItnS AND RULES . Lambeth .. .. 022 Seeretary .. .. 0 ! , Edinburgh .. .. 0 C 10 Greenock .. .. « *'' wnlithgow- .. .. 042 TaleofLeven .. 0 3 f Campsie .. .. 044 Glasgow ( Col < iuiioun ) 0 1 " Glasgow „ „ 0 li 10 NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . White Horse .. 030 Hammersmith .. 0 2 t * Whittington & Cat 0 1 C executive , „ Northampton , per W . Munday .. .. ° G ' VETERAN PATRIOTS * AND EXILES' FCSD . Kidderminster , per G . Ilolloway .. .. ° 2 Thomas Martin Wheeler , Secretary .
Austrian- Joubxals. —The Number Of Journals A' Present Published In The Austrian States Is 1*'≪
Austrian- Joubxals . —The number of journals a ' present published in the Austrian States is 1 *'<
Wiucli, Compared With The Population, Am...
wiucli , compared with the population , amounting -y 31 , 500 , 000 , give onejournal for everv 198 , 110 inhabitants . Of these journals , 40 are political , 12 commercial , and 107 literary and scientific . In Austria , properly so called , there are 29 ; in the Lombard *" Venetian kingdom , 43 ; in Hungary , 21 ; in Bolicnii « . 17 ; and , in the rest of tke Austrian States , 49 . y these journals , 70 are written in German , < w » Italian , 15 in Sclavonian , one in French , aud U J ** various other dialects . ,: art
'Ihe Coal-Field ik ¦ Mawiajoj . —One of the cles in the October number of the National Ma < jo- " . and Industrial Record is on the subject of the coalfield in the upper and lower , or northern aiiusouuern districts , 42 and 239 square miles rcs F ^ lV !* ; , > Of this whole amount , 215 square miles , W * ' ; acres , are underlaid with available coal fifteen ja > thick . This , in the common way of working , * ou ' yield 50 , 000 tons per acre , or 21 , 000 , 000 ot tons p mile ; a quantity said to be greater than , the em lllOUS annual ' consumption and waste ol uri " Britain . ^ Losokst Days . —At Berlin and London the io-V ^ day has sixteen hours and a half . At Stockholm - j ^ Upsal the longest has eighteen and a half hoO'S ,-the shortest , five and a half . At Hamburg h , Ua > « anrl SWt . in tho Innrrnet , lnv ] , oc nlnntren . all ' »
shortest seven . At St . Petersburg !! and lobos the longest has nineteen , and the shortest five lioiu At Torneo , in Finland , the longest day has tivem . one hours and a half , and the shortest two 1 anu half . At Waudorbus , in Norway , the day lasts irw the 21 st of May to the 22 nd of July , vvitlioiit ina « ruptiou , and in Spitsbergen the longest lasts m » months and a half ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 22, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_22111845/page/4/
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