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a THE NORTHERN STAR. August 23, 184&. * ...
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RICHARDSON , MANUF ACTURING CUTLER,
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Appallikg Accidest. — On Tuesday evening a most appalling event happened on board tlie iMoon
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slunc steamer, which runs from London-br...
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IHE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, AUGUST 28, 1815.
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THE ROCK A-1TEAD! WHAT WILL "SPECULATION...
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THE PROSPECTS OF THE HARVEST. This, too,...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A The Northern Star. August 23, 184&. * ...
a THE NORTHERN STAR . August 23 , 184 & . * ; __ " ¦ | - I HI I ¦ ¦ ¦ III II ' , - — " " - ¦ ¦* - * -
Richardson , Manuf Acturing Cutler,
RICHARDSON , MANUF ACTURING CUTLER ,
Ad00404
JESTABLISHED Ib'K ? , Sear the Church , Kensington . GARDESEUS * Pruning , Grafting , and BuddingKtiivcs an Sheath , Is . Gd . each ; shut ditto , " 5 s . each . " These knives are made of the best materials ; I al-• ways use them . "— Vide the late Wm . Cobbett in his English Gcrdcntr . Bakes , Hoes , and Gardening Tools of every description . Best made Razors , Black Handles , Cs . tho case , or 3 s . « ach ; mounted in Ivory and Silver ditto , 10 ? . the case , or Js . each "Good Black Handled Knives and Forks , 12 s . per Dozen ; Ivory Handled Ditto equally reasonable . KicBAKDeON ** XewHT-lSVEKIED Ksiee BojlBDS , war ranted to keep knives with a good edge and clean , and also to give the forks a fine polish between the prongs . Three-foot Boards , cased with Leather and Cutlers' Composition , 5 s . 6 d . each ; Gardeners' Ditto , 2 s . By enclosing a Fast-office order prompt attention may be relied on . Good ' s sent to any part of the world . 3 . B . Wholesale and Retail
Ad00405
COALS . PROVIDE FOR WINTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing Is . per week to the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can « btam four half tons annually , without farther charge , fines , & C . The Company's price current is , Best Screened TTalls-« nd , 25 s . per full ton ; Seconds , 21 s ., 22 s ., and 23 s ; Coke , 37 s . 6 d . Office , 279 , High Holborn .
Ad00406
CHEAP . ELEGANT , AMD EXPEDITIOUS PRINTING . COMMITTEES , Managers of Exhibitions , Concertrooms , Theatres , BentfitSocietics , and public bodies generally , will find it much to their advantage to give their orders to T . STUTTER , 3 and 4 , Church-row , Bethnal-green , London . Cards , Is . per hundred ; Hand-Mils , by taking twenty thousand , 2 s . per thousand ; Postings-ills , 5 s . per hundred . Orders from the country , containing a remittance , promptly attended to . Goods delivered within five miles of London . Give your orders to T . Stutter , 3 and i , Church-row , Bethnal-green , and save at least fifty per cent .
Ad00407
A HINT TO THE ECONOMICAL . Thirty per cent , saved . ALL Persons who wish to save their money , will f urchase their HATS at DUXX'S MANUFACTORY , t 2 , Chfswell-strcet , Fiusbury , where there is only one profit from the maker ' s hand to the wearer's head . Silk Hate from 2 s . 9 d ., Beaver ditto from 3 s . Cd . All goods -warranted to be made from the best materials .
Ad00408
LIGHT , VENTILATING , FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 13 s . . P BERING'S Patent Ventilating , Flexible Hats maybe obtained in Beaver , Silk , and Velvet , from Ss . Cd . to His ., in upwards of one hundred different shapes , to suit eontour . Also tlie best Livery Hats at 16 s . ; Youths' and Gentlemen ' s Hats and Caps of every description . —CECIL HOUSE , 85 , -Strand , and 251 , Regent-street . S * 5 sf * Copy the address , and buy where you can he well osed .
Ad00409
GENULSE TEAS AND COFFEES FOR THE MILLION . The cheapest place in London for Teas and Coffees is at the Warehouse , 2 t and 25 , Regent Street , Westminster , near the VaushaU Bridge Road . T HE Proprietor , E . "WAR . MIXGTON , takes thus opportunity to return thanks for the liberal support he has received since he opened the above premises ; and to those -who have not yetfavoured him with theirpatronage , E . W . most strongly solicits a trial , feeling assured that the articles sold at the warehouse , both in price and quality , trill give universal satisfaction . Goods in any quantity sent free to all parts of London and the suburbs ; and persons in the country , by remitting a Post-oifice order , irEl find their instructions faithfully attended to . LIST OF PRICES . BlaclTTeas . s . d . s . d . Common Congou 3 0 to 3 2 Good ordinary , rather strong 3 4 to 3 6 Strong Blackish Leaf 3 8 to 310 Ditto , or Pekoe Flavour , recommended to Economists , and not to be equalled at the price 4 0 Souchong , Fine . 4 4 to 4 6 The best Black Tea 4 8 to 5 0 Being recommended from the best shipments . Green . Teoj . Twankay .... .. ........ ............ .. 3 G Better ditto 3 8 to 3 10 Hyson Twankay 4 0 to 4 4 Fine Young Hyson 4 8 to 5 0 U jSQUlMIM ••••• lllMiall « lltll » IHtll »« V U fcO O % Ditto , Fine Flavoured 5 8 to 6 0 Pine Pearl Gunpowder 5 8 to 6 O Mixed Teas . TodrinkersofMiiedTeas we say , try our 4 0 Or our splendid mixture ofaU Fine Teas 5 0 Coffees . -Ordinary Ceylon 1 0 to 1 2 The People's Coffee 1 4 Fine Mocha , Jamaica , or any other fine ¦ Coffee , strongly recommended 1 8 X . B . Grocers , Cofile-shop Keepers , Co-operative Stores , andaU large consumers supplied on the moit liberal terms .
Ad00410
SOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . fflHE Undersigned continue to engage Passengers for A First-Class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the following Ports , viz .: — KEWYORK , 1 BOSTON , PHILADELPHIA , SEW ORLEASS , BALTIMORE , 1 BRITISH AMERICA , & c . Emigrants in tha country ca »* engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; in wlush case they need not be in Liverpool until the day before the Ship is to sail ; and t * iev will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besides securing a ehcapcr passage , and having the best berths allotted to them previous to their arrival . For iorther particulars applv , post-paid , to JAMES BECKETT & SOX . North End Prince's Dock , Liverpool
Ad00411
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . "We are always gratified in noticing the laudable exertions of the industrious and provident among our fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human foresight maydo , the calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessr . ess , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the extreme limit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to -attain the object as the institution of securely based andjndiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Ourattention was some time since called to the subject by the -proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled -under tlie title of ' THE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT SOCIETY , ' and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . Jlartiu ' s-laue . The advantages proposed to the members appear to be calculated upon a scale of liberality . that requires and deserves extensive support . From tlie result of our examination of their rules , and the satisfactory explanations givca as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as iigbly deserving attention , whether viewed with tefer-« nce to its immediate or its prospective advantages . "Weekly Chronicle , March , ' 1833 . T 7 ELL 0 W BRETHREN * , look to your own interests , J . and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Society , THE ROYAL OAK , established 1 S 37 . The Comjnittec meet at the Mitre Tavern , 08 , St . Martin ' s-lane , - « very Tuesday evening , at eight o ' clock , for the admission of Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-six years , Areing in good health , and their income arising from their . lusiness or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The "Society is enrolled by Act of Parliament , and is conducted -upon an economical and secure principle . All unneees-. Barv fines are abolished , and it allows the mcnVbers to helong to any othersociety , at the same time being a member « f the Royal Oak . It has paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested in the Hank of England , the interest of which produces the Society upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing in the country , however distant , are eligible for admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and -transmitting it to the Secretary . Look around , and see -the number of Societies breaking up , when most needed , in consequence of tlie extra payments on a Quarterly - Meeting being too heavy for a working man to meet on a sudden demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted principle of a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so that every member , however distant , is enabled to send by Post-oflice Order the full amountof his Quarterly Subscription . The following are the Benefits of the Society : — £ s . In Sickness , per week ... 0 18 Superannuation , ditto ... 0 4 Funeral / Death ofa Member 20 01 Thesebenefits money " ^ Deatli of Member ' s Wife 10 0 { are charged as Wife's Lying-in ......... 2 0 J estrasinother Loss by Fire 15 0 J Societies . Entrance Money only 3 s . lid . under thirty-two years of age—5 s . under thirty-six . Lose no time in enrolling your names while in health and v . gonr ( we t „ not wl , at a day may bring forth ) . - SS ^ - . " ? - Printed Forms and Prospectuses sent to any part of the countrv , free , by enclosing a ¦ ^• W ; f SeCTetaT * H . H , m ^ itS eoiirt , St . Marfin ' s-Jane , London .
Ad00412
? -n -5 k Press , and will be published at the latter end-of September , THE POOR MAN'S COMPANION ; or , Pols tic . il Almanack for l & tG . ByJosntiA Hobson . This year's number of the popular Cliartist Annual will contain a full history , —and solution of tlie Mystery , —ot Paper Money , the National Debt , and overwhcltEing taxation ; together with an exposure of the fraud intended by those who seek for a new and unlimited issue of Paper Money . The justice and reasonableness of Equitable Awcstsest over all other schemes of Monetary Reform , will also be made apparent . The Companion will be published by the usual publishers .
Ad00413
COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEV DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Parris , & c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all tho temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra . EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 46 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent , by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated / forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . BrndweU . Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be bad at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Tente Six ; aud at all the principal Librari - ** and Musicsellcrs .
Ad00414
THE variable state of the WEATHER has produced the numerous cases of low fever ' and debility existiug at present , and is a sure indication of habitualcostiveness , caused generally by want of care in attending to the state of the digestive visceral organs . The only real remedy in such cases is LORD ELDON'S APERIENT PILLS , which have been the means of positive cure to many thousands ; they are peculiarly adapted for persons of both sexes who ore of sedentary habits , they are patronised by the nobility and gentry , and are the mildest and most efficacious medicine extant . Sold in boxes at Is . l § d ., 2 s . 9 d „ and 4 s . 6 d ., by Messrs . BarclayandCo ., 95 , Farringdon-street ; Sutton and Co ., 10 , Bow Church-yard ; Xewbury , -45 , and Edwards , 65 , St . Paul ' s ; Sanger , ISO , Oxford-street ; and by all respectable Druggists and Medicine Venders in the kingdom ; aud wholesale at 13 , Great St . Thomas Apostle , London . TESTIMONIAL TO LOBD "ELBOS'S PILLS . Sir , —I have subjected to a careful chemical analysis the Pills prepared by you , and find them to consist of effectual but safe aperients without any mercurial preparation whatever . Yours , & c , A . 13 RE , M . D ., F . R . S . 13 , Charlotte-street , Bedford-square , London .
Ad00415
The many thousands who cannot write , and are anxions to learn , but have no opportunities of getting instruction from a writing master , can now TEACH THEMSELVES by TTtTlCHTMAX'S SELF-IXSTBUCTING COPYTT BOOKS , each containing forty pages of large post No . 1 contains strokes , pothooks , hangers , the partial formation of all tlie letters in the alphabet , and the alphabet complete . So . 2 , joined letters , capitals , and figures . No . 3 , copies of text hand , round hand , and small hand . 5 o . 4 , copies of single , or running hand . Price Sixpence each . Also 'Wightman ' s Universal Copy-Book , ruled any hand , and containing forty pages of good smooth paper , with new and complete Arithmetical Tables on the cover , Threepence each . Order them of your newsman , bookseller , or stationer . WIGHTMAN , Manufacturing Stationer and Writing Ink Maker , 17 and 18 , Douglas-street , Vincent-sguare , Westminster .. Country Sealers and the Trade supplied at the manufacturing prices . Fob Cash .
Ad00416
IMPORTANT TO TAILORS . Just published , price 3 s . Gd ., the Fourth Edition of THE TAILOR'S DIRECTORY . Containing anew system of Cutting all kinds of Coats , Vests , Trousers , Breeches , Gaiters , Youths' Dresses , & c , Cloaks , Capes , Uabits , Box . Gnats , & c , with upwards of thirty figures illustrative of the same ; to which is added a complete Practical Treatise on-the Art of Making up . By W . Alexakber , late Practical Cutter in Paris , who warrants this to be his true and secret system . London : J . Gladding , 20 , City-road , opposite Bunhillfields . N . B . —The above Work can be sent free per post , upon the remittance to the publisher of forty-six postage stamps .
Ad00417
TO THE SOCIAL REFORMERS AND TRADES UNIONISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN , CONTINENTAL EUROPE , AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . ROBERT OWEN , Founder of the Rational Syslem of Society , having taken back the Copyright of his Weekly Journal , entitled the "NEW MORAL WORLD , " in consequence of certain alterations caused by the present position of the HARMONY HALL Experiment , has entrusted the Editorship thereof to MR . GEORGE ALEXANDER FLEMING , who has conducted the said paper for upwards of eight years , and whose extensive experience and long-tried services in the cause of Social Reform are confidently referred to as entitling him to the support of all who desire tlie Emancipation of the Labouring Classes . The "NEW MORAL WORLD" is Published weekly , Price Twopence , and advocates Social , Moral , and Educational Changes for the benefit of all sects and classes in a Catholic and Unseclarhm Spirit . Arrangements have been made for imparting Variety and Interest to its Columns . Watson , No . 5 , Paul ' s-allcy , Paternostcr-row ; Cleave , Shoe-lane . London ; Heywood , Oldhani-street , Manchester ; France and Co ., Newcastle ; Robinson and Co ., Edinburgh ; and all Newsreaders .
Ad00418
JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ton Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 1 S 2 , Fleet-street . 4 * 6 * Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .
Appallikg Accidest. — On Tuesday Evening A Most Appalling Event Happened On Board Tlie Imoon
Appallikg Accidest . — On Tuesday evening a most appalling event happened on board tlie iMoon
Slunc Steamer, Which Runs From London-Br...
slunc steamer , which runs from London-bridge to Chelsea , resulting , there is too much reason to fear , from the carelessness of those who had the management of the boat . The vessel had reached Huugcrford-bridge , from which place she was about to start when the accident took place . The captain had given word to go on a-head , when loud cries issued from that part of the vessel to let go the rope which fastened her to another about leaving the pier for London-bridge . No one , however , attended to the call . The boats being set in motion by the engines , went on as far as the rope would allow them ; and the result was , that a youth seated in the bows of the vessel , with his feet on the pile of the rope , was caught in its folds , and the two boats were not released until the rope had completely severed one of the poor fellow ' s legs from his body , and broken the other in two places .
Sixoclau axd Fatal AccmEST . —On Wednesday an inquest was held before Mr . Thomas Wakley , M . P ., at the Shakespeare ' s Head , Perceval-street , Clerkenwcll , on the body of Alfred Styles , an infant , eleven months old , who came by his death under tlie following singular circumstances : —It appeared from the evidence , that the father of the deceased is a joint finisher , and on Monday morning last , in order to keep thechijd out of the way , it was put to sleep in the parlour , its bed being formed by two pillows and two chairs . The child remaining quiet for some time the servant girl entered the room , and was horror-struck at finding that during her absence the
child had awakened , and in moving about its body had slipped through the back rails of the chair , and had become suspended by the back of the head and chin , Ixi » gjanimed bi . t \ veen the bars . Assistance was immediately procured , and Mr . Todd , a medical man , was called in . He at once opened the jugular vein , from which the blood flowed freely ; but the child was quite dead . The " coroner commented on the singular nature of the accident , and remarked that no blame appeared to be attached to any person , as children were often left alone in a similar manner without any accident occurring . Thejury returned a verdict of" Accidental death . "
Fatal Accident ox Returning from Barnet Races . —On Tuesday last Mr . Henry Bromley , the landlord of the Brecknock Arms Tavern , New Camden Town , proceeded on horseback in the morning to Barnet races . On arriving at Holloway , on his return , his horse shied on turning an angle in the road , and became restive , darting forward , when Mr . B . was dislodged from his seat , and fell over its head on to some granite stones . Assistance was immediately rendered , and the deceased carried to a surgeon in the neighbourhood , where be was found to be frightfully cut and bruised , and to -hara sustained such severe internal injury as to cause his death very shortly afterwards . The body was subsequent ! / . conveyea home , to await a coroner ' s inquest .
Ad00420
CO-OPERATIVE LaND SOCIETY . I hereby direct that all monies payable tome , as treasurer to tha Chartist Co-operatiw Lund Fund , must be transmitted as follows : —Eitbcrby Bank order or Post-office order , to the " care of FeargusO'Connor , Esq ., 340 Straad , London * , " and payable to mc , " W . P . Roberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , say that Edward Hohson , of Ashton . has £ 10 to transmit ; he is to transmit the same to Mr . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . P . Roberts . That order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them' are sent to me . The two only things required to secure the triumph of Labour ' s battle are , union among the working classes , and undevinting honesty and punctuality on the part of those Who have the management of their affairs , I therefore adopt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks as possible . This is advisable , us much for our own mutual satisfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore request that these plain and simple instructions may be punctually attended to in all cases . To save additional postage , each letter containing a money order , may aUo contain a list of the respective sums , and all other information necessary for the general secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; which letter Mr , O'Connor will duly forward to him . This done , there can be no puzzle about the accounts . W . V . Roberts , T reasurcr . All orders should he made payable at 180 , Strand , London . —W . P . R . f The above mode has been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I have had , owing to some parties sending me Post-othue orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts' order . 0 !> - sei vance of the above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There is a difficulty at the branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by the persons to whom they are made payable . Feabgds O'Connor . ]
Ihe Northern Star. Saturday, August 28, 1815.
IHE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , AUGUST 28 , 1815 .
The Rock A-1tead! What Will "Speculation...
THE ROCK A-1 TEAD ! WHAT WILL " SPECULATION" DO FOR US ? We offer no apology for returning to the question ef Railway speculation . The extent to which this has gone , and the tremendous consequences involved in the reaction sure to follow , render the subject all-important—one that ought to he made familiar to all concerned—examined in all its bearings—that the people may be prepared to moot the coming evil in the best manner possible .
It is our purpose , on the present occasion , to show that past experience does not warrant the high expectations of " benefit" indulged in by the projectors of the numerous lines of Railway , with which they have proposed to intersect the United Kingdom * , that the return for former expenditures of capita ) has not been such as to warrant other similar expenditures , unless in certain special cases , if remuneration to the subscribers is to be hoped for ; and that tho prices which Railway Shares , both of existing and projected lines , have lately fetched" in the " market , " arc artificial and forced—such as cannot survive the furor of the present speculative mania , but must come tumbling down faster than they went up , the moment the reaction commences , to the utter ruin of thousands , the derangement of the " money market" generally , and the consequent paralysation of all industrial operations .
The dreams that have been indulged in , by those whose minds have been seized by the MAD desire to become n ' cA without labouring for riches , have been romantic indeed ! Looking at some four or five of the existing lines of railways , where favourable situation and absence of competition have caused them to pay well , and , as a consequence , to legitimately enhance the price of shams ; looking at these few exceptions to the general rule applicable to the whole amount of present Railway investments , the raw speculator came to the conclusion that he had only to subscribe his money for the making of a tiling called a Railway , and that the result would be a certain DOUBLING OF ITS VALUE at once , as certainly as that " London and Birminglmms" are at £ 225 ,
It is this derive ; this hope to obtain riches without labour ; this endeavour to become possessed of wealth without giving an equivalent for it : it is this desire that is at the bottom of all the gambling we have seen , and all the bitter consequences we are about to endure . And what foundation is there for such extravagant expectations ? What are the facts , as developed on former occasions , from former similar applications of capital , on which to ground such wild hopes ? IIeaktheanswku ! Hear it , from the mouth of Lord Brougham , uttered as a warning some short time before the closingof the session . Hear it ; and then judge of the prudence and wisdom of those who have risked their all on the venture of '' realising" a " fortune" in no time ! Hear it , and obtain some
idea , as to the probable return for the immense amount of capital now in course of " investment . " To warn the reckless speculators , and to impart t them a knowledge of former results , Lord Brougham strung together a number of striking and startling facts , in manner following : — If the Government and the Legislature would take a more extensive and systematic view of these speculations , it ffould have the effect of checking some of them , ot preventing the completion of others , and , it might be , stopping some which had-been already adopted , lie should not grieve at this , lor he tvas fully persuaded thai they ivent too far , and tfuit . before
many months were over their heads a rkactio . v woyi . b take place , and that more or less ravaging and sweeping effects would occur to the commercial and monetary interests of the country , llo had done his duty b y addressing them in that place ; he held it to be equally the duty of all good citizensliavingthcmeans of addressing- others to avail tliemsclves of those means ; and it was especially the duty of those iii whose hands was the public press of this country , by which he meant the newspaper and periodical press , for every press was public—he held it to be their duty as well as his own , to give timely and effectual warning to the communilii , and above ail , to protect the
safett of individuals from the frenzy of speculation , which was driving hex to destruction . He must refer to the report of the committee of . the other house as an especial warning to those persons who embarked a few hundreds or thousands , scraped together , perhaps , as the result of a long life , or possibly the saving of penurious and sober habits for half a life or more , which might be drawing to a close , when those means would be required as a provision for near and dear relations ; it was his duty to refer to this , as a warning to those who were risking their ruin on the assurance that the projectors told the truth , even if they could tell the truth , for they were often as much deceived as others in their sanguine
expectations . Let titan listen , and see what had been die results of speculations in railway shares . If in 1840 , or in 1837 or 1808 ; or still more , if 10 years prior to that period , any parties had been told that they would not make enormous fortunes by buying shares , they would have turned a deaf car . They then tallzed , notofo , ( 5 , or 7 per cent ., —but never less than 15 or 20 percent , would be the residt of every spccidationin shares . What was the fact ? By the returns before them , they had the average per ccntagc on the £ 32 , 000 , 000 worth of shares at the original price , though as many as had been bought at a premium , the amount invested , instead of being £ 32 , 000 , 000 , would , in all probability , be £ 42 , 000 , 000 . ' "Butthe received
average prons now tor these £ " 5 'i , U 0 U , UUU , not of the lines that had failed , but of those that had succeeded , — for he had left out some who did not pay any dividend at all , —was , —not 20 per cent , nor 13 per cent . ; and it would formerly have been difficult to have brought down expectation so low ; it would have been called so shabby an interest that it would not be worth a gentleman or gentlewoman ' s consideration—no such thing ; but 5 J per cent , was ihe average profit per cent , of the whok £ 32 , 000 , 000 . That was the average or me whole . But suppose these unfortunate persons had taken part of £ 10 , 000 , 000 of these , the interest would not have been ol , but less than 5 per cent . ; less interest than the parties could have made by lending their
money to good bill brokers , or by investment in small mortgages of £ 500 , if they had paid a premium . Suppose they had taken part in £ « , 500 , 000 out oi the £ 10 , 000 , 000 , they would have got less than 3 per cent . ; less than they could get by investment in the 3 per Ceat . Consolidated Bank Annuities . Nay , they might have gone to a lower scale still . If anyone had ventured to say , that in some of . the railways the profits on these speculations would be under 2 percent ., he believed that he would have been met with the coatempt oi the men and with tlie hysterics of the women ; ' get £ 2 , 000 , 000 had paid less than 2
percent . ; and , if the premiums were deducted , less still , and this after running all risks of liot being paid at all ! He had looked through the returns , and found , that on tlte stock of 12 railroads no dividend had \ hecn paid ; and on 12 others that the dividend had been only £ 1 14 s . Gd . per cent . There had been £ 42 , 000 , 000 paid up . When the sliarcjoM / ers asked a maiden ladj or it wid ow lady for her £ 5 , 000 or £ 6 , 000 , or when the poor clcrsyman , who had saved this sum jto keep his tuttighteis from the necessity of peeking , situations after his death , was applied to , iliese railway jobbeis-tfaeculatorB , 'he
meant—gave the most flourishing accounts ; they said that there would never be more than 5 per cent , called for—that was one of their-baits—or at the outside 10 per cent . ; and that tlie shares would get up , and so enable tho parties to sell out , and double their money , and be rich for all the rest of their lives . Instead of having had to pay up 10 per cent , they had in most instances paid 100 per cent . Of the £ 42 , 000 , 000 paid there were £ 25 , 500 , 000 which would now sell for considerably less than at
the time when the sums were paid . £ 0 , 000 , 000 out of the £ 42 , 000 , 000 viould sell for one-half what was paid , and £ 2 , 000 , 000 for one quarter ; so that THE PARTY WOULD ONLY . GET £ 12 A YEAH . FOR 111 * £ 1 , 000 , instead of £ 30 , which he might have procured in the Three per Cent . Consols . All that was necessary was an honest and conscientious warning to his feiioft ' -eitizens , especially to those who were not ' wallowing in wealth , against indulging in this furor of speculation .
There ! There ar e crumbs of comfort for those who have risked all they possessed , in the vain hope f" realising at least 20 per cent . ! " Let them look the facts above set forth fairly in the face—let them consider on them , and ask themselves if they were justified in seeking the golden needle in such a bottle ofhay ! There is another mode of putting this question , as to tae probability of profit from the contemplated investment of such an amount of capital ; a mode happily adopted by the Spectator , whose remarks wc subjoin . ' - "They bear intimately on the branch of the subject now under consideration , as the reader will find . Let the most sanguine "speculator" say , whether he dare even to hope that the result herein set forth , as necessary to pay him even the ordinary per ccntagc , can ever ^ bc realised . ? The Spectator says : — On a moderate estimate , the railways already in existence and to be executed may be taken to cost ... £ 150 , 000 , 000 'Hie gross profit on that capital , at 8 percent ., would be ... ... 12 , 000 , 000 From which a deduction of 35 per , ' cent , for expenses ( the lowest ex-/ penditurc of any largo company ) would amount to ... ... 4 , 200 , 000 Leaving the net profit of ... ... 7 , 800 , 000 or not quite 51 per cent , upon the capital . In other words , to afford the shareholders in all our completed and projected railways a return of rather less than 5 i per cent , upon their outlay , the public must annually expend £ 12 , 000 , 000 , in railway travel-Una alone !!
The word " million" comes glibly from the tongue , but conveys no tangible image to _ the mind . An effort is required to realise to the imagination the magnitude of the sum which must be annually spent on railway travelling to yield our speculators a moderate profit on their capital . Let any one attempt distinctly and articulately to count aloud from one to a million ; he will find it hard work to enunciate on the average one thousand numbers iu the hour , and would consequently require 100 days for ten hours a day to count the million . The mechanical operation of telling over a million of sovereigns piece by piece would occupy a full month , at the rate of
3 , 000 an hour lor ten hours a day . The joint earnings of 1 , 830 agricultural labourers with their 7 s . a week'for thirty years each , not a working-day left out , would be less than a million of pounds sterling . The joint earnings of ( 540 mechanics at 20 s . a week , toiling each as unremittingly during the same period , would not amount to a million of pounds sterling . The pay of ninety British general officers at £ 1 a day , would not in thirty years amount to a million of pounds sterling . So much of toil , and danger , and exposure to the elements—so much of patient , persevering , and more or less skilful industry—so much of valour , and accomplishment , and high spirit , as > represented by money—may be bought for a million of pounds sterling .
And our railway projectors andspecuhtors calculate upon drawing twelve of these millions annually from the pockets of the public . In other words , thev expect that 12 , 000 , 000 of people—half the population of the three kingdoms , men , women , and children ( at lid . per mile )—will each travel 1 G 0 miles by railway every year , and pay them 20 s . ahead . Or they expect that 1 , 000 , 000 people will travel 1 , 920 miles each in the course of the year , and pay them £ 12 a head . Or they expect that 120 , 000 people will each travel 10 , 000 miles by railway every year , and pay them £ 100 per head . Beit remembered , too , that railway travelling constitutes but a fraction of tho whole annual travelling of tho nation . Our railways existent and in projection , embrace not one-half of the surface and population of Great Britain ; and even
in the railway districts there is active competition from steam-boats , omnibuses , cabs , " vans , spring-carts , Sic . The steam-boats of the Thames and the Clyde carry more passengers than the- Greenwich , Blackwall , and Glasgow and Greenock railways . ' In the great towns , not only the wealthier classes as a badge of station aud for amenity , but tradesmen for professional purposes keep vehicles which when travelling on business or for pleasure they from sheer economy generally employ in preference to other modes of conveyance . In the rural districts , landowners and farmers do the same . Again , the price of a railwayticket is only part of the outlay of the railway-traveller on conveyances . In most cases it implies the additional expense of short stage , cab , or bus , to convey him to and from the railway , or from one railway to another .
Our sanguine projectors and speculators pay little heed to those considerations ; though tho brokers , who are agents iu the transfer of shares , often ask each other in wonderment , where all the travellers are to come from ? Put the question to any dabbler in railway stock , and . ho replies with an " Oh , with the increase of locomotive facilities travelling will increase indefinitely . " It may be so : hitherto the theory has held good ; yet there must be some natural limit to the activity of the principle . Men do not travel for travelling sake , but on business or for pleasure—to earn money , or to spend it ; and what possible facility will set men in motion where these motives are wanting ? The enormous amount of
money invested in railways would seem to imply that some classes of Englishmen are expected to five on railways , as some classes of Chinese live on their canals . To vender these undertakings remunerative , a numerous portion of society would need , like the fabled birds of paradise , to keep always on the wing —to spend their lives darting from town to town with the velocity of swallows iu a summer ; evening . The boldness and extent of these aggregate ' undertakings convey a magnificent idea of the resources and enterprise of Britain ; but their very magnitude lies like a load on the imagination , while the incessant restlessness and swift movements they prssupposc in such a numerous class of the community make the head giddy only to think of .
Need there be another word said ? Is not the adducing of fact as to the return for former " investment , " and the clear setting forth of the ecrtcnt of travelling necessary to yield the income the present investments will call for to " realise" only in accord , ancc with the former , ones , sufficient to show that the day-dreams of the reckless and the uninformed arc incapable of realisation ? If it will require £ 12 , 000 , 000 to be expended annually by the people of these three kingdoms , in Railway travelling alone , to yield the " investors" five per cent ., is it at all likely that they will ever touch the contemplated fifteen or twenty per cent . ? The fact is , that two-thirds of the schemes are mere BUBBLES ! The projectors
of them never intend to construct the lines , nor even to seek for power to do so . They see the mania for becoming rich through gambling thoroughly set in . I hey take advantage of that spirit ; and put forth all sorts of projects , —some of them as wild as an attempt to colonise the moon . No matter . The public mind ' s in no condition to inquire . It runs madly after every bubble that is blown . No sooner is the most unlikely scheme named , than hosts of applications for " shares" shower in on the self-constituted Directory . 'ihe deposits arc paid . These the Directors "fob ;" expend them in surveys , plans , buying down opposition , and in lawyers' charges . Meantime the shares arc in the market . The reckless desire on the part of the" traffickers" to " do business , " that they may realize their" fortunes , " induces them to dabble in everything that comes to hand . The unnatural
amount of business thus transacted forces up the prices of all shares in the market . Iii a rising market somebody will pocket money . To got , their share of this , others flock in , and buy , and buy , and sell , and sell away . Prices again go up ; and so on , until the reverse comes—when down they go—and the unfortunate " holders" at the time sustaix the loss ' Amidst the woe and wailing everywhere abounding , the projected " lines" are forgotten-suffered to drop out of recollection . The Directory have " spent " the deposits ; they have nothing to go to Parliament with ; the shares are at a discount in the market : and thus the BUBBLE ends , as far as the Directory and the poor fleeced " holders" are concerned : but the evil resulting from the general state of tilings , of which this is but a singled-out sample , are left to be grappled with by the nation at large !
What those results arc likel y to be , even under the niost favourable of circumstances , may be ia-Icrredftom the following article , extracted from a
late number of the Globe . It contains the best reasoning on the subject that we have yet seen . It will be well if that reasoning has its effect on the minds of those who can do something to mitigate the evils now sure to come . To talk of preventing than would be folly . Wc have advanced too far for that . But something may be done , and much too , to break the force of the "blow to confidence" that must be endured . Acts for a considerable number of lines are obtained . The contracts on a good number of them arc already let . . The land ' has-to be paid for . The works have to bo executed . The calls must be made . Those calls cannot be honoured by the major portion ' of tlie present " holders . " To get clear , they must sell . So many sellers will tumble down the price ! This will alarm others . More sellers ; less price ; premium gone !; shares at a discount ; banks forced to refuse " accommodation {" . discounts in the money-market at a high rate ; confidence <; oiic /;
manufacturers , agriculturalists , and money-dealers all in one mess of ruin together ! Sec the whole course of the affair pointed out by the Globe : — If speculation in railway shares were really what it is supposed to be by the greater number of those now engaged in it , we might congratulate our readers on the extent to which it has been carried in this country during the last twelve months . We are inclined , however , to believe that most of the speculators understand but very -imperfectly what they are about , and that any such congratulation would be extremely premature . ;¦ ' If we survey the whole of the schemes now before the public , and consider the present aspect of the railway share-market , and apply it to the experience of only the last twenty years in this
country , it is not easy to avoid the conclusion that much more has already been projected than can Ic completed tvitliout producing serious embarrassment , _ We do not for an instant doubt the very great practical value of railways . As means of cheap and rapid internal communication , they are , perhaps , the most valuable improvements that can be made in a commercial aud manufacturing country . Nay , if , instead of projecting and completing within the next few years 1 , 000 or 2 , 000 miles of these new roads , wc could make 20 , 000 or 30 , 000 miles , wc do not doubt that the result would boa proportionate addition to the real wealth and the productive capabilities of the
country . But with nations as with individuals , it is not enough that an improvement is desirable . It should also be within our means . Taking the cost at the very low estimatcof £ 10 , 000 per mile , 30 , 000 miles would require an expenditure of £ 300 , 000 , 000 ; and ho must form an estimate of the resources of this country much exceeding ours who would seriously counsel such an expenditure , at once , even for such a purpose . The construction ' of a railway , or any similar permanent work , isa conversion of floating into fixed capital . The period of construction is that oi conversion ; and until both are complete no return can be made . It amounts to a gradual absorption of floating capital ; WHICH , FOR THE TIME , IS AS MUCH SUNK AS IF IT WERE
EXPENDED IN AN ATTEMPT TO DRAIN THE OCEAN . It is palpably passible , even for such a country as this to sink too much in this manner within a given time . And nothing is move likely than that during a period of speculation , and while large immediate profits are made by simply uniting the sum total upon paper mill paying 5 per cent , of itu amount the national resources should be pledge ;! beyond what they will ultimately be found able to sustain . The amount subscribed during the present year in this country for new lines of railway at home and abroad cannot be taken at less than £ 150 , 000 , 000 .
Assuming that three years is to be the average period for the completion of the works , and that the expenditure is distributed equally over that period , and docs not exceed the estimate , wc have £ 50 , 000 , 000 as the amount to be annually sunk during the next three years on account of these schemes alone . The projects of past years , yet in progress , will add something to this . And should the spirit of speculation now abroad continue unchecked next year , and the next , it may be expected to add still further to tlie drain on the national purse . For the sake of simplicity , however , we will confine our view to the schemes of the present session .
It may aid our conception of the practical operation of such an expenditure as we have described to compare it with other outgoings of similar amount . It is about equal , for instance , to the declared value of all the British and Irish produce annually exported from the United Kingdom . It is rather more than the whole public revenue . And it is about ten times the annual amount of the income-tax . Let it then be supposed that for three years we continued our present exports of British produce and manufactures without receiving one farthing in the shape of return , or that the income-tax were increased tenfold , or the Parliamentary taxation doubled for the same term , and we may form some idea of t lie extent of the present speculations in a monetary point of view .
A glinceat the stateof the > hare-market , however , shows that there all is confidence and hope . Not only the shares of nearly all the projected lines are selling at high premiums , but , though two or three new schemes come out every week , the facility with which new subscriptions are obtained still enables the projectors to make the award of even a few shares a matter of high favour . But , it is impossible to review the history of railways in this country , and the nature of the system itself , together with the extent of the schemes now before the public , and to believe that the confidence with which all classes arc now investing their available means in these speculations is well founded . Not only is the proposed expenditure greater in the aggregate than is at all
commensurate with the available pecuniary , resources of the country , and therefore not justified by any anticipations of profit , but these anticipations , as they are now generally indulged in , arc greatly beyond what can be justified by an appeal to facts . It seems to be entirely forgotten that the more the railway system is extended , the more nearly it must approach the \ condition of a mere substitute for the chief common roads of the country ; that it cannot take from these the whole of their Iral ) w ; and that the more numerous the lines are the more equal will they s hare what they do take . The first railwav through a large district has an advantage which no ' following
one can have ; and which is diminished by cverv facility afforded by new lines and branches to particular localities in the same district . Yet of the twentyfour lines first constructed in the united kingdom , not more than half realized more than 5 per cent , on the capital mvested to begin with . And it is evident , from a variety of considerations , that no new line can be expected ultimately to return much more than the ordinary interest of money . Butttn ' ii the projected lines , are completed no return can be looked for ; and , if they continue to increase in number as th ey have lately , the completion of more than asmall proportion of them will be impossible .
Wo need scarcely advert to the fact , that a very large proportion of the shares issued to the public during the last twelve months are in the hands of persons who hold them , not for investment , but merely for speculation ; who have been tempted to buy only by the hope of being able soon to sell to advantage . This is well known , yet it is scarcely compatible , under an v view of the circumstances , with the successful is ' sue of speculations so extensive . Every week increases the number ofsuch persons in the market and the extent to winch they arc involved , and will continue to do _ so while the prevailing mania shall last . Now let
it be supposed that the enormous draught upon the iloatmgcapitalot thecountry necessary to realise these schemes , produces only such a pressure on the money , market as shall raise the interest of money to four per cent ., and keep it there ; is it to be doubted that the shares of the new schemes generally ivould sink at least to par and that the prices of shares in the old lines ivould fall jrom the height they have been raised to latch , by the hopes conceived from new branches and amalgamations , to about the prices of this time last Jlfi ! ; -., -wl onl y such a fall take place AND EIGHTEEN or TWENTY BULLIONS of PROPERTY xow saleable i . v the share-market , and of which halt-pap ' oncers tradesmen , and clerks arc lane holders , WOULD VANISH ALTOGETHER If the present gradual rise iu the price of shares continues , the longer the tall is postponed the greater it will-be when it comes ;' and that the rise will con . tintte till vague doubt takes the place of blind win . liucnce
ami the hope o gain gives way to a general fear of loss wc have the warrant of all part eS encc . But such a change in a market jmedwMvel sons who , whatever their pecuniary resources ' w J be < haveno very dejmue idea of the real bearina of their speculations um the monetary and commercial transactions of the country , can scarcely take pl-vcf without Excrmo GENERAL PANIC . //« £ K ™ felt , the fall will not stop at par . Prices rise now because there arc more buyers than sel lers ; and under this condition , will continue to rise . And when thev begin to full , it will be because there are more sellers than buyers ; and the fall will go on till the equilibrium is restored , or , in other words , till the alarm is blown over . There is the whole thing ! The Globe has correctly described the operation of the entire system . The evils which he ascribes to the full expenditure of
the entire capital of the aggregate of schemes , will attend in degree o n the expenditure of capital for the lines already determined on . What that amount will be , we arc just about to show . Here is the statement : — Now that the most eventful session of Parliament recorded m railway history has reached its close , Ave arc enabled to announce , from official returns , the following as the results of its legislation . Parliament has sanctioned the construction of 2 M 0 miles of new railways in England and Scotland 'La nerao
, miles in Ireland . Tins is in effect to double the extent of the railways ot Great Britain , exclusive oi Ireland .. Ihe capital authorised to be raised in shares tor this purpose amounts to £ 31 , 080 , 000 ,
exclusive of £ 0 , 800 , 000 required for the Irish lines , making in all £ 33 ,-180 , 000 to bo applied in England within the next two or three years for our own railways . It will thus be seen that the amount to be provided ibr the new railways is sufficiently- . . large to require serious consideration , and to arrest the progress of reckless speculation . Tex millions of pounds a-year , for the next three years , will thus be required for the " sinking-fund " at home , and £ 10 , 000 , 000 more ibr tho formation of Railways abroad ! No less a sum than twenty millions will have to be abstracted from the usual pursuits of commerce and agriculture , to be employed
in operations which cannot yield a farthing in return , for some three years ! Can this be done without derangement to existing interests ? Will jt have no effect in the money-market ? Must not money become " scarce ? " Will not discounting' be next to impossible ? Then the manufacturers will feel it . Country bankers will have to keep a tight hand . There will be no " advance , " no •' accommodation . " The mills will close ; the " hands" will be turned on the streets ; and we shall again have accounts pub lished of people being found foodless , naked , destitute ; calling on God to put an end to their suffering before morning ! "
The Prospects Of The Harvest. This, Too,...
THE PROSPECTS OF THE HARVEST . This , too , is an all-important question . If thefcars generally entertained should unhappily prove to be well-founded , our condition will be awful indeed ! The evils impending over us from the MADdoings of the " prosperity-mongers , " are fearful enough : but if to these are to be added the certain misery that a deficiency of food will cause , we shall indeed be doubly scourged ! The late goodness of trade , and " spurt" of " prosi-brity" has been universally attributed -i » the main to the general .
abundance of the last two or three harvests . In our case , it has been computed that , at least , £ -i > , 000 , 000 of money has been kept in the pockets of our people to expend in the manufacturing market , through the abundance of good with which wc were blessed last autumn ; and if £ 5 , 000 , 000 so left makes all the difference between " prosperity '* and " adversity , " what will the effect be of having to send £ 7 , 000 , 000 or £ 10 , 000 , 000 abroad for food , and extract some £ 20 , 000 , 000 , beside , ; from the ordinary pursuits of industry , for the Railway SINKINGFUND ?!
Respecting the probable yield of the Harvest , there is , as may be expected , considerable difference of opinion . Some of the journals in the agricultur . il districts , published during the few fine days of last week , contend that there is not much reason to fear ; while others are filled with most sorrowful forebodings . The last number of the Mark Lane Express has the following , published after the return of wet weather , and founded on information irom all parts of the country : —
Though comparatively little rain has fallen in the immediate vicinity of London during the week , ( lie weather appears to have been quite as unfavourable in other parts of the kingdom as before . The accounts from some of tho eastern counties , respecting the effects of the rain and cold on the wheat crop , are as bad as any which we have yet received on the subject . In addition to the previous complaints of blight , rust , & c ., we now hear , from all quarters that the more luxuriant and heavy crops have been very extensively lodged , and otherwise damaged , besides which , sprout is very generally spoken of .
That the yield of wheat -will be deficient in quantity , and defective in quality , can no longer de iiouiitkh ; the extent of the deficiency will still , in a great measure , depend on the character of tho weather experienced next month ; but , even uxdku the most FAVOURABLE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH CAN NOW OCCCIt , an average produce cannot be expected . Latterly , wc have received some very unsatisfactory accounts respecting potatoes : a similar { disease to that so much complained of in Holland having , it
is stated , attacked the crop in various parts of the kingdom . We sincerely trust that this injury may not prove to be general , or the consequences would be even more severely felt than those arising from a deficient wheat crop . By our Scotch advices , it appears that the weather has been fully as ungenial in that country as in the south ; and notwithstanding the dull reports from hence , wheat was held Is . to Is . Cd . per quarter higher at Edinburgh on Wednesday than on that day se ' imight .
From Ireland , particularly from the southern parts of the island , the reports of the w * eathcr arc not of so unfavourable acharacter , and business in wheat seems to have been a good deal influenced by the Hat advices from this side of the channel . The Liverpool Times takes a view of the question which seems to hold out a hope that wc shall not Ah time be subjected to all the evils of sjKculation in food , ill addition to the evil of a short supply and the concurrent evils of " share" speculation . According to that journal the dearth of food on the continent , and the probability of a bad harvest there too , is likely to be of some advantage to us ; or at least to save us from some scourging disadvantages , lie
says : —• The question of whether the corn crops have been injured by-the late unseasonable weather , is one which cannot be answered in a single word . Where the fields are large and open , the com still st / unls erect , and looks well ; but in small fields , and mules trees and fences , it is too much twisted and beaten ever to recover . To secure a good sample , this beaten grain should be gathered and thrashed by itself , and iii that case the bulk may still turn out toicmhlv well , if wc should have good weather from this time forward .
But although the prospects of the harvest must be regarded as uncertain , we still entertain strong hopes that the country will escape many of the evils which have attended former deficient harvests , even if the present should prove to be a deficient one . When the last cycle of bad harvests commenced , the neighbouring ports of the continent were crowded with grain , which had been accumulating for several ywiit , and which was to be had at prices very tempting to speculators . Several million quarters of this were immediately bought up , and poured into the country in a few weeks , to the utter ruin of the Exchanges . This is quite impossible nowfor the Hamburg h and
, Baltic ports are barer of wheat at the present time than they have been for several years . ««« the Russian and Belgian buyers arc cmi'V ^ S against the English in those markets for the bull ! that remains . A great rise in the price of grant has already taken place in Germany and lwiw . quite sufficient to render any extensive speculation in German and Polish wheat very hazardous . It is »•*•• very doubtful whether the result of the present harvest in the northern part of the continent oi Europe will be such as to bring down prices , cvc »
when the new wheat begins to arrive . In - the ^ fortnight of J uly , the whole valley of the V islufo , w great wheafdistrict of Dantzic , was flooded liimi tnc frontiers of Hungary to the Baltic sea ; and the it * accounts from Belgium and North Germany »» quite as unfavourable for the harvest as the h-inji' - accounts . Therefore , even if large supplies ol gia »' should be required from abroad , it is very unliMO that any considerable portion otit will come lwni « Baltic , and impossible that it can be poured m hfc » that quarter at the rate of millions of quarters . a > time , as it was some years ago . Those who ' » held German and Polish wheat ( or old wheat o ¦¦
any kind ) for some time , and those who . « ' into the market early , can scarcely fail to do w < for a certain quantity of old wheat must be waiuu . , but those who have gone into these market * . i . i » . who shall go into them now , will do it at o vcal ' j Besides having to guard against all the cluiiicts the English harvest , they will have to struggle a-,. 1 " - the sliding scale , which is likely to be kept ai ' * highest figure by quantities of damp wheat now into the market immediately after the hlll ] . p ' ' , |; , against the excellent and abundant crop , ot i ><»' wheat , admissible at all times at one slid hng <« -j and that of the United States , admissible >?"''•" .,,, Canada , at the duty of three shillings- /**; "'' ,, < counts brought by the Britannia speak ot at « £ ¦ - ^ and low prices both in Canada and the Msuu ,, > ^ these r > ii-f > iiinstniii < ns . ton-ether with the great .
tagcof the duty , can scarcely fail to throw tnci „ portion of the trade in foreign com into tm '" 0 n ) during the present year , and thus to sa * j , ftfiortt * some of the worst consequences which nav •/ aggravated the evils of a deficient hane . ii , « . the present should prove to be one . . . Would not an extensive allocation of our oi" i pic on the soil , and an extensive applie d " ol ' f thereto , with the use of the most im proved m ^ . culture , save us , in a great measure , Irom . attendant on deficient harvests ? W >'"«'" ^ ¦ , this would cause the sun to s hine , or > ' ^ cease ; but that the " surplus" of a gooa > J j ^ more than suffice for the deficiency ot ¦ ,. . i i i c Hi ' nrel"U al'I'l ' and render its independent ot " > ' //„««"' ° altogether . It is true , however , i ]]! xt "'[ ^^ ctmuch to mitigate ' the rigour of elinl 0 tC " sce in the tained that there is a formigiit ' s ^ -j **^ land . time of ripening of corn grown on wc ^ 9 That is : that corn on well drained la' ***
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 23, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_23081845/page/4/
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