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kii ' 26, 1845r ~"y~" ; ""¦"" , " " -•••...
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# we<P ^?5??2^:
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~^'^7ni I wiU war, at leastin words, „ -...
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ggrinttttire anfo gortuulture
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For the Week co...
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Can it be True ?—Whether the following b...
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Ctettsit . inteUigmce*
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, . LONDON. Metropolitan- District Counc...
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Smoke Nuisance.—The Select Committee of ...
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Baptized, by the Rev. Mr. Irvin, of the ...
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jlarfcet fctfeUffltme*
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London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 21 ....
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Kii ' 26, 1845r ~"Y~" ; ""¦"" , " " -•••...
kii ' 26 , 1845 r ~ "y ~" ; " "¦"" , " " - ••• - " - ' -- - THE NO ^ llTHERN STAR . ¦¦ ,.,. . .: , ,, ^ , 7
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~^'^7ni I Wiu War, At Leastin Words, „ -...
~^ ' ^ 7 ni I wiU war , at leastin words , „ -i , nliiamv chance so happen—deeds ) , SKS «*» « " *• ' t . » .- „* 1 hear ahtflebird , who sings " ^ lc by and by wiU be the stronger . " —Br bok tnvnv VIDEO AND BUENOS AYRES . —THE MONTE ^ fN THE RIO DE LA PLATA . . - ^ counts which have so often disfigured our i nmsof the massacres perpetrated on the banks of l latatne iacc tnat oi
h Kio de la — many our mitrnnen have been the victims in those massacres , ^ dthe recent change incur diplomatic relations with Ttaenos Avres , together with the now certain iater-Tention of the British Government—renders a few renlanatory remarks on the past and present state of ^ Lrgin thatpai-t of the world notnnnecessary . For the following description of the seat of war , and the Z fefa of that war , we are principally indebted to an , y | article in that excellent publication , Simmonds ' s gonial ' , Magazine . ^ Rio dc la Platathe River Plateoriiall
The , or , gny so called from the supposition that the country prodaecd silver , is rather an inland sea than a river , hem < r at the entrance , from Cape St . Mary to Cape Sf Antonio , 170 miles broad . A vast number of rivers , traversing the whole extent of the South American continent , empty their waters into this lakhtv stream , rendering its shores the fitting seat of a gigantic commercial empire . These natural capabilities have not as yet been very extensively developed , owing to the thinness of the population , the slothful system of the old Spanish rule , and the still more fatal results of the sanguinary struggles which have of late years scourged those unfortunate regions . StflL considerable trading interests have risen np ,
both at Monte Video and at Buenos Ayres , and a large population of English , French , and Italian traders are residing in the former city , where their persons and properties have for a long time past been exposed to suffering , loss , and destruction , the consequences of the savage warfare we have to describe in this article . - «¦ * Tr-j The Rio de Plata , at the part where Monte Video Is situated , ! s only fifty miles broad , and an inlet from the river forms the harbour ; which , though Terr capacious , and , as far as extent of surface is concerned , might hold a very large fleet , is so shallow , that even merchant ships are confined to one side , and there is no anchorage for men-of-war , except for those of a small draught of water , so that larger Teasels—such as frigates—generally anchor about five
miles from the landing-place . It is formed by two promontories j on the side to the west is the mount , on the other to the east is the town ; and within the harbour there is a small rocky island , called "Rah Island , " which is now fortified with thirteen guns , and derives additional protection from the rocky nature of the ground , as well as the shallowness of the water round it . The town , situated on the east side of the harbour , presents a fine appearance from the sea ; it is of Spanish origin , and was captured by a British force in the year 1807 . Since it threw off the yoke of Old Spain it has been thesubject of contention between Brazils and Bueuos Ayres , being at t imes subject to each , till at last it became independent of both , and ihe whole province of fhe Banda
Oriental , of which Monte Video is the capital , forms a good boundary to the extensive territory of the Emperor of Brazil . Monte Video is well built ; its streets are perfectly straight , and intersect each other at right angles . There are several handsome churches , the largest of which , dedicated to St . Philip and St . James , is a noble structure , built in the Honnan style . The houses , having all flat roofs , would form so many fortresses against an enemy taking the town by assault , as a few resolute men on tlie roof of one of these houses might do much damage to a party in the street , without incurring any risk for themselves . This has been often veiy sensibly felt , and the importance of it is wellappreciated by the natives , and by none perhaps more so than by OfintE , who has never made the least show of attacking the town by assault , even before the present walls were erected . These walls were erected by a
French engineer , and are about half a mile beyond the citadel , and planted with cannon taken from the wreck of the Agamemnon , which was lost in theriver . The inhabitants of Monte Video are ofa mixed nature , composed of various nations , among which Spanish , Indian , Sardinian , and French blood is very abundant . There are , besides , many English and other foreigners leadinginthetownforthepnrposeof commerce . The Fomen are described as being mostly very handsome , particularly those of Spanish descent . If the state-Bents of travellers are to be relied on , coupled with the well-known atrocities of the existing war , cruelty aud an utter recklessness of blood-shedding would appear to be a too-distinguishing characteristic of the inhabitants of the river Plate , and we fear that tie Monte Videans form no exception to the general rdc The Catholic religion , of course , preponderates .
The causes of the war between Monte Video and Buenos Ayres appear to be twofold : the one arising from ihe fact that the French , who had been assisted bj Monte Video as anally in the war they waged against the Argentine Republic , of which Buenos Ayres is ihe capital , emitted to include their friends in ihe peace which they made "with the Republic in 1 S 3 G , and thus left them to prosecute the war , which has continued ever since , single-handed and in the best manner they could . The other cause arises from a civil feud between two parties lathe Republic , respectively claiiuing Rivera andOniBE as the legal president . Rosas , who holds the whole of the power ,
with all the resources of Buenos Ayres , in his own hands , has long wished to add the Banda Oriental , wifhjits capital Monte Video , to his present extensive territory , and for this purpose has made use of the specious word " confederation , " having raised aparty even within the walls of Monte Video , advocating f & eraljprinciples , in opposition to the majority , who are desirous of keeping the town frcefromthe tyranny as well as the restrictions on trade which the Argen tines experience at the hands of Rosas . From the circumstance of wishing to act alone , they arc denominated "Unitarians , " and it was as far back as 1 S 3 S that an event occurred which enabled Rosas to
attempt the execution of his darling object of reducing the Banda Oriental to a province of Buenos Ayres . - It appears that when the Brazilians evacuated Monte Video , Rivera was unanimously elected to the office of " Camp General" e-vest a ! l ihe Monte VIdean forces , without civil power in the towns ; and an attempt having been made by Oribe to deprive him of this office , he raised an army of Orientals , and advanced to the walls of Monte Vide , for the purpose of displacing Oribe from the president ' s chair , is which he had been placed by the Chamber of Representatives , when Oeibe , seeing no prospect of opposing his adversary in the field , considered himself obliged fe > give in his resignation as president . OfiiBE , when his resignation had been accepted ,
and Rivera elected as his successor , left the town , and , without endeavouring to make use of any honourable means to regain the post which he had resigned , allowed himself to become the tool of Rosas , who , under the pretence of restoring him to his office , was glad of the cloak thus afforded him of hiding Ids real oeagns upon Monte Video , and therefore welcomed bun to Buenos Ayres , to which place Oeibe repaired . Thus the matter remamedtiUtheantnmn of 1842 , ¦ fhen Rofiis collected and equipped a force of 8 , 000 ^ n , principally cavalry , and placed them under the " ceiMuand of OniBE , whomarchedtowards the Banda Oriental , and nict and defeated the forces of Monte * ideo , at a small stream called Arroyo Grande . _ OauiE arrived in sisht of Monte Video on the 16 th
tehruary , 1813 , and was supported at sea hy a few ^ wll vessels of war , belonging to Buenos " Ayres , jffiacr the command of an Englishman named Brown , bwouig , though in naval command , the rank of bencral , as Buenos Ayres has no naval rank separate & om thcmilitary . In the meantime thev were not ™ e within the walls , for Rivera having left the town «* scoui' the country , and cut off Obtbe ' s supplies , left "atthu hun a ministry to conduct the defence of the »*»• This ministry left with very few troops at " » ir command , set about their arduous task with * al and activity , and the French settlers , to the oi
^ Hst ^ OOQ men , were induced to enrol them-« wes as volunteer soldiers , and the Italians , also *« lcrs , were induced to Mow their example , to the rj ™* r of 800 . The blacks too , being principally emancipated slaves , enrolled themselves to the nuniwr ol 2 , 000 ; these , with a few German riflemen , £ "J some natives , formed all the force which , though J ™ S wnuuierleal force , were perfectly inexperienced ia war . Jn addition to this the present walls were hastily ^*™* and fortified , and several gun-boats were also , Sl £ aild Placednnder theeommandof an Italian
Mrlnf i * ¥ thne to the present the blockade of hasZ , Vr Las continued by sea andland . Obme r * es iabhshed a strong ' cordon of posts across the » ntory on which the town is situated , thus prew ; Jf S % »• communication with the country beyond ; „ , „" \ at t"esamc time Buccaneer Beowx , with his tM , ' } m ^ eqwDr active at sea- Thc hor ' «« c proclauiat ; 0 f oribe , breathing vengeance « ' « ueath to the Monte Videans , whom he terms foC ° f ^ and savage Unitarians , " have been toCi " * barbarities and murders so horrible , as * £ & " £ to Powers of description . It has all ol d &^ j e CUst « m of this miscreant and his crew i „ ii ??*?™^ to nut , to death all thenrisoners taken
with J 1 ™ 08 * daily skirmishes between the outposts , fi * nnn ? n lnn 5 a torture as they possibly could ; and 2 rt ° *** death to mntaate fte bodies , and El v *? Trithi n the reach of the outposts of the "weX ideans . Asmighthe expected , this produced j ™ » on the part of the opposite side , and for a 3 , 7 ? * $ ^ has been the rale with both parties dS «^ 5 * ,, or ffw quarter ; death is the certain a of those who fall OpT ? *»* a further force to the assistance of t £ * Z cona stuiR of 1000 men andCOOO horses , under for ^ ? of UH dcizA . Thigforce , though checked and Jr 16 bj Lionel Fmheb , at length joined Obtbe , ereae ^ 8 / 01 !? Awards sent out again , greatly intt ersin ^ RiTKRi ' ***» whidl he has done
~^'^7ni I Wiu War, At Leastin Words, „ -...
The Jionte " videans have now been for more than twelve months destitute of provisions , except rice , farina , beans , and oil , - they have no money , and nearly all their horses have been killed and eaten ; they have an army before their town superior in numbers , discipline , and resources to themselves ; a squadron of the enemies ships blockade them by water ; and , lastly , their own general , Rivera , is somewhere in the country , nobody knows where , but wherever he is Ubqcka is watching him with a superior force ; yet the Monte Videans , despite all these adverse circumstances , have not yielded ; they still hold out , fighting , suffering , and perishing , in an almost hopeless contest .
TheBritishresidentsat Montevideo havedeclaimed bitterl y against the apathy of the British Government in allowing this barbarous war to continue , occasioning , as it has done , immense destruction of life , and ruin to most important commercial interests . The conduct of Mr . Maxdevtlle , the British envoy at Buenos Ayres , has been fiercely animadverted on , and while he has drawn down upon himself the hatred of the English residents , who denounce him as the" tool of Rosas , " he appeals to have at the same time failed in satisfying his own Government of this his recall , and the appointment of Mr . Gore Ouselet to fill his place , is sufficient proof . "Wc must defer till next week the reasons justificatory oi the interference of the British Government , and also the account of the atrocities of the miscreant Rosas , which atrocities alone would justify such interference .
Ggrinttttire Anfo Gortuulture
ggrinttttire anfo gortuulture
Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For the Week commencing Monday , May Gth , 1844 . [ Extracted from a Diaht . of Actual Operations on five small farms on the estates of Mrs . Davies Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near HuddersfieM , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at WiUingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private fawns , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several privatemodel farms near the sameplace . Theconsecutivcoperationsinthesereports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diaht . is aided by "Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
" The culture of the ground is thy happiest state , O man ! Envy not the possession of gold , silver , or fine raiment—their joys may not he so great as thine : for these things lead unto sloth , and a life islothfidnessls prone to vanity and imaginings of eril . " NoiE . —The school farms are cultivated by boys , wh » in return for three hours' teaching in the morning give Hiree hours of their labour in ihe afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders ihe schools selfsurFORTEiG . TFe believe that at Fandy Tyas sixsevenths of Ute produce of the school farm will be assigned to the boys , andone-sovenih to the master , who wiU receive the usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate Hieir land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , & c , to convert ihdr produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , which at Christmai tsuay be divided , after paying rem and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and bemade thus indirectly to reach ffieir ^ jcwente in a way Hie most grateful to titeirfeelinas . ' \
SUSSEX . Monday— iittfc ' nptfoii School . Boys digging and manuring for potatoes after rye . Eastdean School . Ten boys digging , and planting potatoes , hoeing the forward ones , and weeding . Piper . Planting potatoes . DumbreU . Dibbling mangel wurzel seed , digging . TuEsnAr—Wittingdon School . Boys digging and manuring . Eastdean School . Planting potatoes , sowing carrot seed , hoeing tares , picking np the weeds for pigs and cows . Piper . Drawing manure to the ground where ryehas just come off . Dumbrell . Dibbling mangel wurzel seed , and digging . Weoxesoat—IFfffiiujdon . Softool . Boys digging and manuring . Eastdean School . Boys emptying tanks , and pouring liquid along the drills , chopping sods , and preparing for turnips . Piper . Digging rye stubble , mowing tares for soiling , above tJireefeet long . Dumbrell . Dibbling mangel wurzel
seed , and digging . Thursday—WiUingdon School . Boys digging and manuring for potatoes after rye . Eastdean School Boys digging rye ground , planting potatoes upon it , gathering stubble , and laying it in the trench . . Piper . Planting potatoes . DumbreU . Digging rye stubble , placing mangel wurzel seed . Friday— Wiffingdon School . Boys digging ryestubble , and manuring for potatoes . Efastdean School . Boys planting potatoes , thrashing oats , cleaning f iggery , and mixing the dung with mould . Pyoer . 'lantingpotatoes ; always watching my five pigs , which 1 leed on boiled potatoes and pollard . DumbreU . Drilling tares , cutting potatoes , and digging Saturday—WUlingdon School . Hand weeding wheat . Eastdean School . Boys thrashing and cleaning oats , digging , cleaning out portable pails , school room , and tank . Piper . Digging rye stubble . Dumbrell . Planting potatoes .
YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite School . Boys finished draining , preparing ground for turnips , rolling oats .
COW-rEEMXG . WiUingdon School . Cows fed on green tares once a day , and green clover the other . DumbreWs . One cow grazed in the pasture . Turnips . —[ Seed sown , lilbs . per " acre , either in drills , or broadcast]—As a general rule , turnips may with advantage be sown at an earlier period in the north than would be suitable for the same species , with other circumstances equal , in the south of England . In the East Riding of Torkshire it is common to commence sowing swedes the second week in May , and to finish white turnips by the 21 st of June . In Suffolk it is usual to commence swedes near the end of May , and white tiirnips a month later . The effect , however , of difference in latitude is partially counteracted by a greater or less degree of elevation , as well as by a difference of soils where other things are equal .
Distance of Swede Turnips . [" our turnips will he small and spare , If you deprive them of fresh air . ] They require plenty of air and space . They may be sown on ridges 2 ? inches apart , if the land be stiff and tenacious ; if , on the contrary , it be loose and friable , they may be drilled on the level . Keep away from the sides near the edge-rows , reserving side lands and shady places for your whites , or yellow bullocks . Swedes require deeper soil , richer land , and more manure than white turnips . Distance of White Turnips . — Many farmers prefer having the rows , some less , others about 22 inches , because they are better to clean ; and because if placed at 27 inches the shepherd may have to remove his net too often when the sheep are eating them .
Size of Tokstps . —[ Their roots extend both far and wide , Conveying food from every side . ]—The more distant your turnips are in the drill , and the further these drills are from each other , the larger will be your turnips , as Mr . Tull has beautifully demonstrated . It is a point , however , that has been much contested . Learn from experience to pitch yours at the best distance , and perhaps the mean distance will not be very far from the true one . '' A large weight , " says Mr . Ahnack , " cannot be produced but from large bulbs . Thus a turnip eight inches across is equal in bulk to eight turnips four inches across ; while a turnip twelve inches across is equal in bulk to twentv-seven turnips which are four inches across . " " But the twenty-seven small ones , it is probable may be far superior to the large one in nutritive matter , a point that you ought carefully to ascertain from experiment .
Drilling Torxtts on the Level . —[ Soils light upon the level sow , Soils heavy ridg * d up in the row . ]—In the light lands , with a chalk sub-soil , of the Yorkshire Wolds , during a very dry summer , whole fields of turnips drilled upon ridges failed , while adjacent ones drilled upon the level bore a good crop . From such experience , and after much consideration , Mr . Ahnack says , that for white as well as swede turnips on thin and dry soils generally , the balance of probable advantage appeared to be in favour of the level svstem . — Journalofthe R . A . Society of England .
Bone Manure . — At a recent meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society , Mr . Pusey informed the council , that the prize essay of Mr . Hannani , on the application of bones as a manure for the turnip-crop , contained , in his opinion , not only a detailed account of the best experiment ever made in agriculture , but some points of so much importance at the present season , when the time for sowing turnipswas coming on that he felt anxious that not a moment should be lostin communicating the facts to ihe members , for then * information and guidance . Mr . Pusey having adverted to the great discovery of the economical and efficient employment of bones as a manure , when dissolved bv maceration in sulphuric acid , proceeded to read extracts from Mr . Hannam ' s prize _ essav , oi
which the following is the substance : —1 . ^ upenomy in Economy and Effects . — ' £ his result consisted not only in a greater amount of crop obtained at less cost than in the case of bones employed in their ordinary state , hut also in the condition and character ol the plant itself , as well as in its growth ; the crops derived from dissolved bones being both more abundant , healthy , and less liable to attacks ot insects , and fhe plant more rapid in its growth- ( by ten days in' the firet month , and the gain of a month at tne end , the turnips from the dissolved bones being ' ready for use several weeks before any other } , " while it exhibited a decided tendency to form bulbs at a much earlier period . The greater and more readily
Field-Garden Operations. For The Week Co...
fertilising effects of bones dissolved in acid than any sort of bones not so prepared , were clearly shown in the ( following results , in which the crops from the dissolved bones took the lead from the commence ment : — Bones Cost of Bones State of Amount qf Produce per acre . Peracre . Boues . per acre . & s . d . tons . cwt . st . lb . 16 2 0 0 Crushed 10 3 4 8 2 Dissolved 9 12 0 0 2 Dissolved 11 15 0 0 i Dissolved 12 11 6 4 4 0 19 6 Dissolved 14 6 i 0 i j 1 0 C Dissolved 14 11 7 0 8 j 1 9 9 Dissolved 13 15 7 0 8 1 13 0 Dissolved 15 2 5 0 8 I Dissolved 16 1 3 6 From which it appeared , that two bushels of dissolved bones per acre would actually produce as good results as sixteen bushels of bones in their ordinary state in some cases ; that eight bushels of dissolved bones would greatly surpass sixteen bushels of bones used in any other manner : and that four bushels per acre would be a fair quantity to apply in the state of solution ; the results being greatly superior to those from four-fold the same quantity of bones applied in the usual manner , and the cost of the application less in proportion to the amount of effect produced , evidenced by the weight of the crop , than that of any other quantity . —II . Propoitions . —1 . Bones and Acid . —The proportion of acid had generally been one-half of the weight of bones employed ; but onethird , or even one-fourth of the weight of bones
might be used with success if occasion required . That was an important point in the economy of the manure , as it affected the cost materially . —2 . Water . —The proportion of water had generally been 100 times the weight of acid ; but fifty or twenty-five times the weight of acid would serve the purpose required very efficiently . That fact was one likely to be of great use , one of the main practical difficulties to contend with in the application of dissolved bones being the large quantity of water which had been considered necessary . Mr . Hannam ' s result showed that four bushels of bones ( 12 st . ) , 6 st . of acid and 300 st . of water ( fifty times that of acid ) , gave 420 gallons of dissolved bones to be applied per acre ; while 150 st . of water ( twenty-five times that of acid )
would suffice . It was , however , worthy of notice , in reference to the preparation of the mixture , that the bones should be pulverised as much as possible before they are mixed with the acid , in order to render the solution more complete ; but should that not be the case , and a few of the larger portions of bone be left undissolved , that circumstance would occasion no injurious effect , as there would be bone enough dissolved for the plant in its early stages , and the larger particles would disintegrate by degrees and come into operation towards the end of the season . —III . Dissolved-bone Compost . —Mr . Pusey thought that however great a point was gained by reducing the bulk of the water employed for diluting the solution of the bones , a still greater step was attained by substitu
ting altogether the compost for the liquid fonn of the application . In the society ' slast journal , p . 596 , Mr . Tennant , of Shields , near Ayr , gave the following account of his practice on this head : — "I puttwentyfive bushels into three old boilers ( of which every farm here has a supply ) , and next pour in two bottles of acid , of about 1701 b . , each , and thirty-six Scotch pints ( eighteen imperial gallons ) of boiling water into each boiler . It boils away at a great rate for some time , and in a day or two we empty the boilers into two carts of light mould , and turn the mixture over . At this stage , the bones are only partially dissolved , but they heat and decompose in the heap , after being turned over three or four times ; and in the course of seven or eight weeks the compost becomes dry , and
breaks down with a shovel in a fit state for spreading by hand in the drill" Mr . Thompson stated , that he had himself last year found four bushels of dissolved bones applied in the form of compost fully equal to twenty loads of farm-yard manure , there being no perceptible difference in the crop throughout the field . —IV . Cost of Acid . —The Earl of Ducie called the attention of the council to the price of the acid employed for the solution of the Tiones . He understood that sulphuric and muriatic acidmightbe obtained for three farthings per pound . It was desirable , not only that the price of the acid should be ascertained , but that its purity and strength should also be uniform . Mr . Hyett has communicated the following interestng particulars in a letter
to Mr . Pusey : — "Messrs . Leonard and Jordan , of the alkali works , Bristol , offer to supply me with acids for dissolving bones as follows : — " Oil of vitrei ( sulph . acid ) sp . gr . 1850 peril ) . Id . Brown acid ( ditto ) ditto 1700 „ | d . Muriatic acid ditto 1100 „ fd . " These prices are charged for 10 carboys or upwards ; for any less quantity id . is usually added . A carboy is a large glass bottle , containing from 1 to U cwt . This is a reduction of 25 , 50 , and 100 per cent , respectively , on some of our printed prices ; but those who buy largely should be able to test the strength , without knowing wliich , the price , of course , is of no great value . This is done very easily with a small phial called a -thousand-grain bottle , which costs about 6 d . Balance one of these hi the scales , fill it
with the acid up to the mark on the neck ; the weight gained is the specific gravity and measure of strength . Thus , the oil of vitriol of commerce in the thousand-gram bottle should weigh 1850 grains , and the brown acid named above 1700 grains . The manufacturers inform me that there is no difference between these two , excepting that the latter is less concentrated than the former . This , I think , must mean less purified as well . It probably contains some very small quantity of organic matter , which has found its way into the sulphur during its voyage or manufacture ; and which being charred , gives the colour , and renders it less saleable for many purposes of manufacture . For our purposes , this is no objec tion . The reduction in strength as compared with the oil of vitriol is more than covered by the reduction in price . I calculate that the quantity of the brown acid , which would c & st only £ 5 6 s . 3 d ., would , taking its relative strength into account , dissolve as
many bones as a quantity of the oil of vitriol which would cost £ 6 7 s . This , of course , presumes that there are no impurities in either injurious to their effect on bones , and is mere calculation , which should be tested by actual trial . In all sulphuric acid , I believe there is a little lead , derived from the leaden vessels in which it is manufactured ; and sometimes when made from pyrites , a little arsenic , but not enough , I suppose , to have any decided effect on the specific gravity or strength , nor on the vegetable or animal that feeds upon the crop . " Mr . Thomas suggested , that as it \ m often difficult for a small farmer to find a vessel of sufficient capacity to contain the mixture of the dissolved bones and water , it might be found a simple substitute to form a sort of pond , puddled with three or four loads of clay , in which the mixture could be made . When the solution was complete , the clay might be mixed with the compost .
Hewing out a Farsi . —Day after day it was noshglit army of trees against which we had to do battle : we had to fight hard with them to gain possession of the soil , for the trees in those days were giants . I then felt thankful , knowing well how to appreciate my advantages , that having been born and brought up on an English farm , all kinds of tools , agricultural and others , were at home in my hands . There was a world of work , digging to lay bare the roots , felling , and then cutting the boles and boughs up with the saw and axe . Such of the boles as were good for anything we cut into proper lengths for posts j splitting and mortising them for that purpose . Rails also we had to get when there were any boughs straight enough . Some ot the trees were of unconscionable
girth , six or eight yards in circumference . Immense was the space of ground that had to be dug away to lay bare the roots . And then , what roots ! they were too large to be cut through with the axe ; we were compelled to saw them in two with the cross-cut saw . One of these monsters of the wild was fifteen days burning—burning night and day , and was a regular ox-roasting fire all the time . We entirely routed the quiet of that old primaeval forest solitude , rousingthe echo of ages on the other side of the river , that shouted back to us the stroke of the axe , and the groan and crash of falling gum trees . Night never came too soon , and we slept without rocking . Then what curious and novel creatures—bandicoots , flying squirrels , opossums , bats , snakes , guanas , and lizards—we disturbed , bringing down , with dust and thunder , their old domiciles about their cars .
Sometimes , also , we found nests of young birds and of young wild cats ; pretty black creatures , spotted with white . The wild denizens looked at us wildly , thinking , probably , that we were roughreformers , desperate radicals , and had no respect for immemorial and vested rights . It was unnatural work , and cruel ; especially when , pile after pile , we added to our other ravages , the torment and innovation of vast fires . The horrid gaps and blank openings in the grand old woods seemed , I felt at times , to reproach us . It was reckless waste , in a coalless country , to commit so much fuel to the flames . Timber , too , hard in its grain as iron almost , yet ruddy , and more beautiful than mahogany . No matter , we could not eat wood ; we must do violence to our sense of the beautiful , and to nature ' s sanctities ; we must have corn land , and we , with immense labour , cleared seventeen acres . —Howitt ' s Australia .
Can It Be True ?—Whether The Following B...
Can it be True ?—Whether the following be true or not , I will leave your readers to judge . Going over Bedlam the other dav with a party , a supposed lunatic presented himself , of most gentlemanly deportment . He spoke in . several languages to the foreigners of-the p arty—in French to one , -German to another , Spanish to a third , and English fluently to all . On asking him how he came'there , he said it was for writing letters to an illustrious personage ( not her Majesty ) to get the appointment of teacher of languages to H . R . H . the Prince of-Wales . The assertion was not contradicted b y = those who were near and heard it , and ought to have known whether it was true or false . It surel y cannot be true ; for the public , through the usual-channels , has not heard of any such committal to Bethelem Hospital . Edinburgh Weekly Reaister .
Ctettsit . Inteuigmce*
Ctettsit . inteUigmce *
, . London. Metropolitan- District Counc...
, . LONDON . Metropolitan- District Council , 1 , Turnagainlane , April 20 th—Mr . Rowland in the chair . Reports respecting the Convention were received . The secretary was instructed to summon the whole of the delegates for Sunday next , to hear and carrv out the measures agreed to by the Convention . i m oI , 1 1 , Turnagain-iane , Sunday morning , April mh —A numerous meeting was held to discuss the Mowing question : — " Whether the mass of the people are sufficiently enlightened to be entrusted with the franchise ? " Mr . Overton was called to the chair , and an animated discussion ensued—Messrs T . Clark , Dorman , and Cowan taking the affirmative , and Messrs . Dalrymple . and Connor the negative side . The discussion was adjourned until Sunday morning next .
Re-opening of the South London Chartist Hall . —The above hall was re-opened on Monday evening , April 22 nd , with a festival . Fcargu ' s O'Connor , Esq ., was called on to preside , and took the chair amid loud applause . In proposing the first toast , "the People—the Land—and the Charter , " he said they had assembled that evening for the double purpose of receiving instruction and amusement , but more especially to celebrate their re-union . ( Cheers . ) He loved the people , and believed when they were fully aware of their own power , they would obtain their rights . He looked on the Land as the means of obtaining the Charter . There were " a few friends now assembled in Convention to keep the claim to-those ' things alive . The neoole
had a perfect right to them from their birth ; and he knew of no bar the lapse of time had placed in their way . A National Trades Conference , consisting ' of ninety-seven members , had recently met . They had agreed to the Land question , and were for the protection of industry ; which were the things the Chartists looked for : and although the Trades did not take our name , they were taking our principles . ( Cheers . ) There had been a Conference also ofa single Trade , yet a very important one , the Shoemakers , consisting of ' thirty-seven members . Well , they followed inthe same course . It might be weakness that they did not acknowledge the Chartist principles , but they were progressing in the right direction . It was his ( Mr . O'Connor's ) full conviction that there
would be no security for social rights until they obtained their political rights . ( Loud cheers . ) The present , " lull" in the agitation gave him no alarm . He saw their principles progressing . Let them look which way they would , Chartism was more diffused than ever . He cordially gave the people " the Land and the Charter . " ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Candy proposed the second sentiment— " The . Executive Committee of the National Charter Association . " He said that body had stood the test of public opinion , and had not been found wanting , but had given general satisfaction . They were working men of the right sort . The glorious example set by then- excellent chairman was worthy of all praise . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Dron said the best test they could have of the
efficiency of then * Executive , was their re-election by a very large majority . ( Cheers . ) Mr . T . M . Wheeler rose to give the third sentiment— " More Chartist Halls and fewer Churches , " which was received with a burst of loud : applause . , He said he cordially concurred in the sentiment . He believed if halls were more numerous , their principles would meet with many supporters . ( Cheers . ) With the latter portion he equally agreed . Churches , as at present conducted , were complete nuisances . The parsons did hot educate the people , and consequently those edifices were worse than useless , and the sooner they were converted into Chartist halls for tiig . teaching of morals and science the better . ( LoucTcheers . ) . Mr . O'Connor then gavethe next toast , "T . S . Duncomhe ,
M . P ., the Representative of the People . " ( Loud cheers . ) Ifit . was necessary to say . anything to add to Miv Buncombe's well-earned popularity , he would have to bid . them look at his herculean labours on behalf of the working people —( cheers );—almost undivided and alone . Look at him in his only week's holiday , devoting his time in the daily presidency over " Labour ' sParliament . " ( Loudcheers . ) The next sentiment was , " Frost , Williams , and Jones , and . the other Exiles , " which was received with loud cheers . The Chairman then gave "The Ladies , " which was heartily responded to ; and thus concluded the-speaking portion of the evening's business . Dancing then commenced , wliich appeared to afford much enjoyment .
Democratic Festival . — A densely crowded musicalmeeting was held on Tuesday evening , April 22 nd , at the Crown and Sceptre , Brampton . This festival was held for the benefit of the juvenile portion of the family of a well-known democrat , William Whitehorn . Mr . Doyle presided and Mr . Dorman occupied the vice chair .
BRIGHTON . At a General Meeting of the Chartists of this town , held at the Cap of Liberty , Portland-street , Mr . William Flower in the chair , it was proposed by Mr . Tullett , and seconded by Mr . Williams— "That it is the opinion of this meeting that the conduct of T . S . Duncomhe , Esq ., on all occasions in the Commons House of . Parliament , but more especially his detection and manly exposure of the Post-office espionage system , as practised by Sir James fbucne Graham , is deserving the gratitude of all classes of reformers ; and we furthermore trust that they will unite with the working classes to assist the hon . member for Finsbury in abolishing a system pregnant with danger to the lives and liberties of the democrats of all Europe . " The resolution was carried unanimously .
THE MINERS' STRIKE AT DUKINFIELD , TO THE EDITOR Of THE NORTHERN STAB . Sir , —•! have again to trouble you with a short expose of another act of " Coal-king" tyranny , which , if you will insert in your invaluable journal , you will much oblige the Coal-miners of the Duckcn field district . On whose behalf I am , dear sir , yours faithfully , Manchester , April 22 nd , 1845 . William Dixon .
p ublic . It will be remembered by the readers of the Star that the Coal-miners in the employment of Messrs . Swire and Lee , at Ducinfield , were recently compelled to strike , through the tyrannical conduct of an agent employed by that firm . This gentleman considered himself justified in taking fs . out of 17 s . 6 d . earned by the men ; in addition to which he took so-much ' of the men ' s work from them under the plea that there was dirt in the coals . ; Nov was this all they had to complain of . His regulations required ; that they . should shovel dirt for days together , and receive nothing for it . :.. The men , therefore , laid their case before the employers , but they refusing to give them any redress , they had no alternative but to strike . They are now
hi the ninth week of their struggle , and are as determined to-day as they were at first , not to return to work until they have justice done theiu . The masters have , through the press and by their agents , which they have sent up and down the country , stated that they had offered to give them all they wanted , but they would not . return to . their work . It is true that the ^ offered terms to the men , propounded by Mr . Matthias Dunn , similar to the terms given to the Miners of the north by the northern coal despots—namely , that they might come back to their : work at the same price they had when they struck , providing they would sign a bond , some to serve for a month , others for two months , and others for three , six , and twelve months , and the
musters to be at liberty to discharge a man at any time by qimna him fourteen days , notice . The Miners , with all their ignorance , saw the drift of this . They knew it was introduced for the purpose of getting rid of the " barking dog , " and binding the rest fast to the master ' s will . They , therefore , rejected it . The masters have taken . every advantage of the men , in order to intimidate them , and make them go to then- work ; they have sent the bailiffs into the men ' s houses for reiit , and that at the time they owed the men more money than would pay the rent ! The men frustrated this generous move , by paying the rents out of the funds provided by a generous public . ¦ The next act of tyranny was to turn the men out of then- houses , and throw their furniture into the streets . I know one man who had lived twenty-seven vears in the house , and who , at his own expense , had
built several outbuildings , and stocked the garden with valuable trees and plants , for which these just gentlemen would not give him a farthing , but tumbled him into the street because lie would not become a willing slave . But notwithstanding all these petty acts of oppression , the men stand firm , and will continue to do so as long as . the public support them . Every . praise is due to the operatives of Ashton , Staleybridge , and Dukinfield , for the manner in which they have responded to the Miners' call for help . Nor is this the only pleasing feature in this struggle : it has been the means of bringing the Miners and the other trades into communion with each other , which bids fair to accomplish in this district the amalgamation of the : whole of the Trades in the great national compact ; .
There is a committee of sixteen in Ashton , composed of eight- Spinners and eight Miners . These men go out , a Spinner and a Miner together , three nights in the week , for the double purpose of impressing on the Trades the necessity of all uniting in one great body for the purpose or assisting each other , andatthe same time to : get . subscriptions for the Miners on strike . . This is as it ought to . be ; and I hope other towns will form committees for the pui > pose of visiting the Trades on thisimportant question . : ; : Before Iconclude I wish to say a word to , the Lead Miners of Derbyshire ., jou have ; had , and now have , i gentleman amongst you who , by his misrepresehtationandfalsehood , is , endeavouringito , lureyou from yourhomesforythe purpose of taking thehread out . ofthe ' mouthsof your fellow-men . V You are ; theonly men m the mining department they now , can fly , to , and why ? - ^ becaiiBe you have not . joincdithe ^ Miners ' Association . The gentleman above alluded to has told you that the men could get 13 s . per day , out of
, . London. Metropolitan- District Counc...
which they would have to pay 3 s . for a waggoner , which would leave 10 s . per day clear . Believe him not , if you don't want to be deceived . I have seen hundreds of men ' s pay tickets , and it would take four days' wages to make lis . ; 2 s . 6 d . per day is something nearer the mark . A number of Lead Miners have come and commenced working , two or three of whom have been nearly killed with the buzzard falling on them , and the others must take themselves away again , They are kept close prisoners , having for their sleeping-room a lumber-room in the engine-house . Their living is bacon and bread . When they come out of the pit they have to run to the coal-pit cabin and fry then- bacon , and go to their sleeping-room and eat it . This is the " splendour" that was promised them
before they left their homes . 1 hope , therefore , that this will be a warning to you not to be trepanned by empty promises which can never be fulfilled , for if you are , when you have answered their purpose they will send youjadrift , and you may get home as best you can . Only this last week they brought four poor fellows out of your county on the representation that it was not a strike , but a new establishment ; and if it was a strike when they got them there they would give them money to take them home again . But did they do so ? No . When the brave fellows refused to work because it was a strike , instead of giving them money to go home , according to promise , they wanted them to pav for the " bread and cheese
and ale they had had on the road . " " No , no , " said the men , " we have done that little bit of work for you because you engaged us to do it , but we will not be knobsticks . " They came to the Juen on strike , and they treated them kindly for their honesty , and sent them home , although the honourable gentleman who kidnapped them from their families left them to beg their way back , or starve . Trusting that the above willhe sufficient to prevent others from coming to Duckenfield while the strike is pending , which cannot be long , provided the Miners of other counties keep away , I am , dear friends , on behalf of the Miners , Manchester , April 22 nd . Wm . Dixon .
To the Ropemakers of Scotland . —Fellow workmen , —Ml' . Robert Hood Haggle , of Willington Ropery , and No . 61 , Close , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , having sent printed bills into Scotland , offering good wages and constant employment to Ropemakers , we beg leave to acquaint you , in order to prevent your being cajoled by this man , that the reason of his thus advertising is his refusal to pay the same rate of wages that eveiy other , master in this district is paying ; our sole demand being the rate at which all our fellow workmen in the surrounding roperies are
receiving—and not one farthing more—which he refuses to pa )' , threatening to fill his ropery with Scotchmen , whom he says he can get for fifteen shillings per week . In order to subjugate us , he has sent the bills to . Scotland . We , therefore , trust that you will not suffer yourselves to be misled by this great Free Trader and zealous distributor of " gospel" tracts : but that you will treat his bills with the contempt they deserve , and not lend yourselves to assist him in reducing the wages of your fellow workmen of the trade . —By order of the Ropemakers on strike at Willington Ropery , James Armstrong , Chairman .
WHIPPING IN , AND THE "CUT" DIRECT . ( From the Gfo & e . ) Our readers must not be too curious to learn how we have obtained possession of the foUowing correspondence , which explains why Captain MeyneU , though holding an office in the household , was again absent from Friday ' s division : —• ( No . 1 . ) MB . VOtWC , M . P ., TO CAPTAIN StETUELC , M . P . Dear Meynell , —Pray come up . Peel wants every
Toryvote . If we haven't a majority of our own on the second reading , it will be as much as my place is worth . D—n Lisburne . Fitzroy votes . Pringle cuts : and Old Forbes Mackenzie , who has been vapouring at the Carlton that he . should vote , perhaps , against , certainly not for us , has just been with me to say that he had been thinking a great deal on the subject , and should vote with us . He pretended he did ' nt know that Pringle had resigned . O , yes ! Kelly is going to rat too . I hope he won't be sold . For God ' s sake come up and vote . Yours ever , Treasury , Wednesday . J . Young .
( No . 2 . ) captain mevnett ,, m . p ., to he . yoong , hi , p . Dear Young , —Peel aud all of you may be d—d before I come up to vote for Maynooth , B ecause Pi tzro y a nd Mackenzie and Kelly are rogues , that is no reason why I should be . Yours ever , "Windsor , Thursday . H . Meyneu .
Smoke Nuisance.—The Select Committee Of ...
Smoke Nuisance . —The Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to bring in a bill for abating the nuisance of smoke , have again resumed their sittings . In the voluminous report published by the committee last year the evidence of numerous scientific and practical men was given , on the advantages to the public , as well as the economy to the owners of ateam-enginesj of the adoption of efficient modes of consumings moke . The evidence shewed that upwards of sixty or seventy inventions for this purpose have been proposed , and the principal part of this number have been patented ; and although a vast majority of these inventions have been proved to be inapplicable or defective , there are still several which will accomplish the object , or will at least greatly reduce the evil . Many experiments have been made at her Majesty's dockyards on some of the most promising of these inventions with various degrees of success ; and it appears by the reports made from Woolwich and
Portsmouth dockyards , that after a lengthened trial of two years , it has beendeterininedjto adopt Godson ' s patent smoke-consuming apparatus in the Government yards , in consequence of its satisfactory performance ; This invention combines the two principles of coking the coal and introducing heated air into the furnace , by either of which methods scientific men are agreed that a very large proportion of the smoke of furnaces may be consumed ; and by the joint operation of the two it is to be expected that the most perfect combustion of the smoke ' will be obtained . Owing to the immense increase in steamengine chimneys within the last few years , the evilof smoke has reached a most intolerable height , and it is to be hoped that the committee this year will not expend their labour so uselessly as they did last year , but will devise some efficient plan for compelling the abatement of the nuisance , since no doubt now exists as to its practicability and the advantages to be decided from it .
Utility , of the Electric Telegraph . — On the 19 th inst . a gentleman , a passenger by the twelve o ' clock down tram to Bristol , from the Paddington terminus of the Great Western Railway , discovered , shortly before the train arrived at Slough , that he had lost his purse , containing Bank of England notes to the amount of £ 900 , besides £ 2 10 s . in gold and 8 s . 6 ( 1 . in silver . Immediately on the arrival of the train at the Slough station he proceeded direct to the office of the electric telegraph in a state of great excitement , not knowing ' whether he had been robbed of his money in the . ' railway carnage , or lost it before he entered the train . ' Information of the loss was
instantaneously transmitted to tire superintendent of the electric telegraph , at the Paddington station , who immediately proceeded to the booking-office where the gentleman paid for his ticket , where the purse and its contents were found untouched . Within five minutes from the time of the loss being made known at Slough , the gentleman had the satisfaction of knowing that by means of this extraordinary invention his property was safe , and shortly afterwards received it by the following train . The Rev . Dr . Hook , vicar of Leeds , has been appointed chaplain to the Leeds workhouse , without stipend .
DEATH . On Tuesday evening last , April 22 , at seven o ' clock , Mrs . Sarah Monk , of Pond-terrace , College-street , Chelsea . Deceased was an opulent laundress , employing a great number of hands , and she was also a thorough and most benevolent democrat , relieving freely the Chartist victims ; and to such of our poor and oppressed brethren who fell in her way , her heavy loss will be long and widelv lamented .
Baptized, By The Rev. Mr. Irvin, Of The ...
Baptized , by the Rev . Mr . Irvin , of the Free Church , Falkirk , on Sabbath , March 20 th , and duly registered , George Feargus O'Connor , son of Ann and William Wilkie . On Wednesday , April 9 , at the parish Church , Sheffield , the son of John and Ruth Murray was baptized David Ross Murray .
Jlarfcet Fctfeuffltme*
jlarfcet fctfeUffltme *
London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 21 ....
London Corn Exchange , Monday , April 21 . —The arrivals of English wheat and flour were good during the . past week , but of barley , oats , beans , arid peas , the receipts coastwise were on a moderate scale . From Scotland , a fair quantity of barley and oats came to hand , and of the latter article the supply from Ireland was liberal . In addition to the arrival of British grown grain , a cargo of wheat was received from Sydney , and rather important supplies of oats and barley from the north of Europe . At this morning ' market there was a small show of wheat by land-carriage samples from the home counties , and the display of beans and peas was also trifling , but barley' and oats were plentiful . Up to the close of thp , week the weather was cold and ungenial ; since
then the temperature has risen , and to-day it is very warm . The demand for wheat was by no means lively this morning ; factors were , however , firm , and owing to the smallness of the quantity offering , they were enabled to effect a tolerable clearance at about the rates of this day se ' nnight . In foreign free wheat there was not much doing , but good qualities were not cheaper . Flour moved off tarddy , quotations for both town and country manufactured remaining miipb ' tliB s » mc as on Monday last . Barley of all SfegfefS difficult of disUl , and the value of this eraih underwent a . farther - . decline ; capital malting qualities were offering at 32 s ., andothersprts " at corres ponding rates .... Malt hung heavily on hand , and , excepting for choice qualities , it was difficult to obtain former terms . Notwithstanding the somewhat
London Corn Exchange, Monday, April 21 ....
liberal manner in which the market was supplied with oats , no anxiety was manifested by factors to force business , and a steady consumptive demand enabled them to realise very nearly the currency of this day week . Beans were enquired for , and commanded a trifling advance . Peas were also in fair request , and quite as dear as on Monday last . In bonded grain nothing of interest transpired ; The cloversccd trade is drawing to a close , and quotations have become almost nominal . Canary seed was saleable to-dav at prices which could scarcely have been realised " on Monday . In other articles there is no change to report .
CURRENT PRICES OP GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL m QUARTER . —Bntfsk s s , s s Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 42 49 White 50 55 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 49 52 Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 58 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 45 White 46 49 Rye Old . . .... 31 32 New 30 32 Crank 34 35 Barley Grinding . . 26 27 DistU . 28 30 Malt . 31 3 * Malt Brown 54 56 p 56 60 Warfl 62 g 5 Beans Ticks oUU-new 32 34 Harrow 33 88 Pigeon-88 » Peas Grey . . . 34 35 Maple 3 G 37 White 36 88 Oats Lmcolns & 1 orkslure Feed 21 23 Poland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish AVliite 20 22 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s I Per 280 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 I Norfolk & Stockton ' 32 33 Essex and Kent .... 34 35 ] Irish 34 3 5
Free . Bond . Foreign . s s g 8 Wlieat . Dantsic . Konigsburg , & c 53 58 36 38 -Marks . Mecklenburg 48 52 32 34 Danish , Holstein , and Frieslandred 44 4 B 26 28 Russian , Hard 44 4 G Soft ... 44 47 26 28 Italian , Red . . 40 48 White ... 50 52 28 32 —Spanish , Hard . 46 48 Soft .... 48 50 28 32 Rve , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Undried . . 30 32 21 22 Barley , Grinding . 25 26 Malting . . 30 32 20 28 Beans , Ticks .. 30 34 Egyptian . 33 34 24 28 Peas , Wlute . . 36 38 Maple . . 35 37 28 34 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 25 19 21 Russian feed 20 21 15 1 « Danish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 24 26 19 2 «
London SMirnnEin Cattle Makket , April 21 . — In the past week , three steamers have arrived in the port of London , direct from Rotterdam , with live stock tor our market , the Batavier bringing fortyseven , the Giraffe ten , and the Columbine eight oxen and cows , or a total of sixty-five head . Respecting the quality of the above importations , we may observe that it has proved extremely good , indeed finer beasts have not been received under the new tarifffor sale here than those wliich have reached us since this day se ' nnight . The average weight of these animals has been about 110 stones ( 8 lb . ) . The number on offer to-day did not exceed seventeen—the other imports finding purchasers on Friday last , while they commanded a steady demand at full prices . We doubt not that every precaution is
exercised at the Custom House to prevent the landing of diseased animals ; still , we are fully convinced that some of the Dutch beasts , which were very badly on their feet here this morning , were suffering from the effects oft he so long complained of epidemic . As to those from onr own districts , we regret to observe that large numbers of them were thus affected . Although the suppl y of beasts from our own counties was , the time ot year considered , very moderate , and of middling quality compared with that brought forward on some previous market days , the beef trade this morning ( owing to the dead markets being rather heavily supplied ) was by no means so active as many persons were led to expect . Still , however , the primest Scots were in good request , at fully last week ' s enhanced currencies—they moving off at ' from
4 s . to 4 s . 2 d . per 8 lb . ; but all other breeds hung heavily on hand , and some difficulty was experienced in effecting a clearance at late rates ; Tlie arrival * from Norfolk , Suffolk ; Essex , and Cambridgeshire embraced 1900 Scots and homebreds , while from the northern counties we received 300 short-horns , & c .: from the western and midland districts , 850 Herefords , runts , Devons , & c . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 180 horned and polled Scots . Nearly 400 store beasts have come to hand from Scotland in the week just concluded , bnt the number here to-day was small , though , in consequence of the shortness of grass , more than adequate to meet the wants of the few
dealers in attendance . Prices ruled very low . The number of sheep was rather limited , yet the mutton trade was in a sluggish state , at prices barely equal to those paid on Monday last ; yet the best old downs in the wool were taken at from 4 s . < ld . to 4 s . 8 d . pee 8 lb . From the Isle of Wight , 170 lambs were received by the Southampton railway ; while from other parts , the receipts were moderately extensive . Prime Down Iambs sold steadil y at from 5 s . 10 di to 6 s ,, but other kinds were a dull sale , at barely stationary prices . The supply of calves was rather limited , yet the veal trade was dull at Friday ' s depression of 2 d . per 81 b . From Ireland we received 120 pigs , the demand for which , as well as English breeds , was heavy at barely late rates .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts ... 2 8 3 ft Second quality . . . . 3 2 3 * Prime large oxen .... 3 8 3 10 Prime Scots , & c 4 0 4 2 Coarse inferior sheep . . . ' J V > 3 t Second quality .... 3 6 3 10 Prime coarse woolled ... 4042 Lambs 4 8 6 9 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ) 3 10 4 2 Ditto ( in the wool ) ... 4 4 4 8 large coarse calves .... 3 4 4 2 Prime small 4 4 4 « Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 29 9 Large hogs . . . . . 3 0 3-6 Neat small porkers , , , 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . . 16 0 19 0 HEAD OF CAXTSE ON SALE .
( From the Books of the Clerk of the Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 722-Sheep and Lambs , 23 , 700—Calves , 112—Pigs , 309 . Richmond Com * Mabket , April 19 . —We had a plentiful supply , of grain in our market to-day , the prices much the same as last week ; wheat sold from 5 s . 6 d . to 6 s . 6 d . ; oats , 2 s . Id . to 3 s . 2 d . ; bar * ley , 3 s . Gd . to 4 s : ; beans , 4 s . to 4 s . 6 d ., per bushel . Liverpool ^ Cohn Market , Mondav , April 21 . —The arrivals of grain into this port during the past week have been moderate , but the quantity of British produce left unsold last Tuesday has abundantly supplied our market . There has yet been no extension of . demand on us ? or wheat , wliich has still been confined to the wants of the immediate neighbourhood . At the same time , the sale of sack flour has been
particularly dull , and in the few transactions that have occurred in either of these articles it has been difficult to maintain previous quotations . Oats and oatmeal have each fully sustained their value , but the extent of business in either has been only moderate : on Friday good mealing oats were sold at 2 s lOJdto 2 s lid per 45 lbs ., and oatmeal at 23 s 6 d to 24 s per 240 lbs . 'Egyptian beans were held firmly for 33 s per 4 S 0 lbs ., but notmany sold ; and a cargo of low quality of Egyptian barley was disposed of at 3 s 6 d perCOlbs . For English beans or malting barley there has been scarcely any demand . In bonded articles the transactions have been comprised in the sale . of a cargo
ot yellow Indian corn at 20 s per . 480 lbs ., and a smalt cargo of Polish Odessa wheat at -is 3 d per 70 lbs . The value of guano has declined fully 10 s per ton during the week . The continued dry whether may have had some influence in lowering tho pretensions of the importers , who arc disappointed in the limited extent of demand as compared with that of last year , at this season . African has been sold at £ 1 down to £ 62 s 6 d per ton , according to quantity and quality , and Peruvian at £ 10 to £ 11 per ton . A little speculation has been excited at the lower figures . The quantity of African guano now here is estimated at about 70 , 000 tons . There has been no change in the value of linseed or linseed cake .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Mondav , April 21 . — The supply of cattle at market to-day has been rather smaller than last week . There was a numerous attendance of customers from all parts . Prices % shade higher . Beef 5 R to 6 id . and Mutton GJd . to 6 | d . per lb . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , April 19 . — The weather throughout the week has been exceedingly fine , but accompanied with cold , harsh winds , which must have a tendency to keep vegetation in a backward state . Probably from this cause rather
more confidence has been exhibited in the trade since our last report ; still , the transactions in any article have been only to a very moderate extent ' ; and in these no material variation from the previous currency was perceptible . At our market this morning there was only a limited inquiry for wheat , but holders generally required previous rates . The demand for hour was likewise but moderate , at about late prices . Both oats and oatmeal met a fair sale for present consumption without alteration in value . In beans no change can be noted .
Leeds Corn Market , Iuesdav , April 22 . —Out supp lies of all grain this week are extremely small , and in the absence of a better show of wheat , the trade to-day is quite ofa retail character : fresh qualities however firmly maintained last week ' s rates , on the little business done . As the malting season draws to a close , the inquiry for barley necessarily becomes more limited ; in the value of good qualities there is no . variation , but low descriptions are as difficult as ever to quit . Oats and beans are scarce and rather dearer . Leeds Clotu Trade . —There has been considerable briskness in the cloth market during the past week in most descriptions of goods suitablefor summer wear . The summer trade , however , being now about over ; manufacturers are beginning to turn their attention to fabrics suitable for the autumn and winter trade .
Maltox Corn Market , April 19 . —We have & moderate supply of all kinds of grain offering to this dayamarket . In wheat and barley no alteration . Oats same as last week . Wheat , red 44 s . to 48 s white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per or . of 40 st . Ba , lev . 27 s * toSOs . per 32 stone ; oats , lOd . to lid . per stone . ' , $ > mvC « h * Market , ApRn / 19 _ We have again badasmaU supply ' of all grain to this day ' s market Wheat has so d readily at last week ' s prices . Barley met a slow sale at Is per quarter reduction . Gate and beans commanded rather more money . 1
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 26, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_26041845/page/7/
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