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RE C EI P T S OF " ' " " January 21, 184...
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Kow Readv, a Xew Edition oi
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J. Sweet acknowledges tlie receipt of th...
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 27,1849.
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" THE NORTHERN STAR," AND THE TYRANTS. T...
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THE COLLIERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHA...
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WHIG RETRENCH^TS
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Lord John and the Cha.vce1loe of ifioEx-...
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DR. M'DOUALL. ^ We understand that Mr. R...
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im??««J rf? 11 La ? 0 ™— It cannot be to...
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EXECUTIVE FUND. Ter W. Bideb.—T. A. C, G...
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REPORTED LOSS OF FIFTY LIVES IK A COLLIE...
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"Borrowing"A Murder or Two.—We understan...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Re C Ei P T S Of " ' " " January 21, 184...
January 21 , 1849 . 4 __ THEJfORTHERN STAR ^ - — " " ' "
Kow Readv, A Xew Edition Oi
Kow Readv , a Xew Edition oi
Ad00414
IR . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . THE CHEAPEST EDITION EVES PUBLISHED . Trice Is . 6 < L , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Tlate of the Author , of FAME'S POLITICAL WORKS .
Ad00415
VOLS . I . TO IV ., SEATLT BOUXD , Trice 3 s . 6 d . each , THE ' LABOURER' MAGAZINE . NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS ... Any imperfect copies of the " Labourer" Magazine " must be completed forthwith ; all the back numbers arc now on gale ; but it will not be practicable to perfect copies unless imperfections arc tilled for at once .
Ad00416
OX THE 1 st OF FEBRUARY , Wfflba published , Xo . 1 , Trite Sixpence , OF THE COMHOJTWEAITfl : A MOSTIttV RECORD OF DEMOCRATIC , SOCIAL & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS . " THE COMMON WEALTH" will be the Representative of the Chartists , Socialists , and Trades' Unionists , in the Wontlilv Tress . . The leading Principles of which lt is intended to be the exponent , are : — 3 . —Tnat Taxation , without Representation , is Tyranny ; and therefore every adult , of sound mind and untainted by crime , ought to have a vote in the election of those v ' ho impose taxes and make the laws . That any change Of our Keprcseatative System , -nrliScli does not fully and completely enfranclii . se the whole of the male adult population , " is a delusion , a mockery , aud a snare , " and neither can , nor ought to be satisfactory to the country . 2 . —That Labour is the Source of aU Wealth ; and those engaged in its production have the first right to share in the results of their toiL The Societies which aim at securing " afair day's wages for a fair day ' s work" are based upon one of the ^ great ethical principles of the Gospel , and their success essential to the prosperity of "THE COMMONWEALTH . " 3 . —That the Land , Labour , Skill , and Capital of a country ought to be combined and applied in such a manner as to promote the weU-being of every individual in the community , AU Institutions which either prevent the full development of the raw materials of wealth , or restrict their free and equitable distribution among the whole population in their inanufitctured state , are inimical to the Commonwealth , and ought , therefore , without delay , to l > e replaced bv ratlunal and equitable productive aud distributive uirangcments . 4 , —That as an essential pre-requisite to permanent home prosperity , the capabilities of our own soil ought to be tally developed , and that the undue abstraction of Labour from it , either for manufacturing or emigrant purposes , is s source of national loss , and impoverishment , and difficulty . "THE COMMONWEALTH" mil advocate National Vneectarian Education—an Equitable Apportionment of the Kational Burdens—and a system of National Currency capable of supplying the demands caused by an increase of population , and an increase of the wealth requiring to be exchanged . "THE COMMONWEALTH" will steadily and boldly aim at making all National Institutions subservient to the interests of the Many , instead of the Few . It will constantly use its best efforts * to make the present Tolitical and Social Movement end in a more equitable adjustment of the good provided for all men . Among the articles in the first Number will be found " The Epoch of Revolution , " ' -Poor Rates and Tauperism , " 'The Spy System , " " A fuU and interesting Description of the Cold Region of California , with a Sketch of its Past History and Present Condition , " " Life and Writings of Louis Blanc , " "The Comparative Productiveness of Large and Small Farms , " in , d'C Communications for the Editor , Books for Renew , A'C , to be forwarded to the Office , 16 , GREAT WINDMILL STREET , LONDON . To 1 » Lad of all Booksellers in Town and Country .
Ad00417
Just Published , Price Is . 6 < L , forming a neat volume ,. EVIQEHCE TAKEH BY THE SELECT COMMITTEE Appointed to inquire into The NixiojiAi , Land Compakt ; with a review of the same , and an Outline of the Propositions for amending the Constitution of the Company , so as to comply Tvith the Provisions of the Law .
Ad00418
Watson , Queen's Head-passage , Paternoster-row , London : A . Ileywood , Manchester : and all Booksellers in Town and Country .
Ad00419
AN ANATOMY OF FAKLIAMENT , being a complete Account of the MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS , and the FAMILY , PROFESSIONAL , and other INFLUENCES THAT SURROUND THEM , will be given as * SECOND SUPPLEMENT for 1349 , with "JEKUOLTTS WEEKLY SEWS and FINANCIAL ECONOMIST" of SATURDAY , the 3 rd FEBRUARY . The Lakgest Sheet aelowed bi Law—32 Pages , and 3 d Columns . Everv Saturday , Price 61 L , Stamped . V Without one word of offence or personality , this Supplement wUl furnish one of the strongest proofs of the inefficiency of the present mode of representation ever offered to the public . Early orders to any Newsman—Office for advertisements , 17 , Upper Wellington-street , Strand .
Ad00420
IT IS THE CAUSE I IT IS THE CAUSE !! STANDARD THEATEE , Facing the Eastern Counties Railway Station , ShoreditcU . Under the patronage of the Exectove CosotrrrEE , who -trill be present on the occasion , and in aid of the Funds , A BENEFIT will be taken at the above house , on the even-135 WEDNESDAY , FEBRUARY 7 th , 1849 , when one of the best companies in London will render their aid , and the acknowledged best pantomime overproduced in London wiU be performed by inimitable artists . The performance wUl consist of a New Drama , of deep and intense interest , entitled PUNISHMENT IN SLY . STAGES ; A LAUGHABLE INTERLUDE , with a Hornpipe , and a variety of Singing and Dancing . And the MODEL TANTO-> nMH ; placed on the stage in a ; superior manner , in certainly the neatest jet most comnlodiOUS HOUSQ , at the East-End of London . The prices of admission are strictly in accordance with ibe times : private boxes , Is . 6 d . ; boxes , Is . ; pit , 6 d ; . gallery , 3 d . f & " Tickets to be had of all Sub-Secretaries and Agents in the Metropolis ; of Mr . Dyson , Publisher , Shorcditch ; Mr . Knowles , "Globe and Friends , " Morgan-street , Commercial-road ; Mr . Bid well , 7 , Ivy-lane , Hoxton New Town ; Mr . Sims . 11 , Little Chapel-street , Gray ' s-inn-lane ; Mr . K- ILSide , 5 , Pepper-street , Union-street , Southwark ; at Mr . Colliver ' s Coffee-house , Holjwell-street , Strand ; and at the National LaaiQBtee , 144 , High Holbom . BsffitBEE!— "IT ; ISCSHE CAUSE ' . " let every man do his duty ~^ lu ^ t £ ik || jp £ he shopkeepers on the occasion , in * 11 mi fl [ In TTrf . jffif' ^ iT lTi your presence on Wednesday Evening , the 7 th of Febrnary , 1849 . Edhuxd Stauwood , Secretary , pro . tern .
Ad00421
IMPORTANT NOTICE . SEW YEAR'S GIFTS FOR TUE BENEFIT OF THE WIVES AND FAMILIES OF THE CHARTIST VICTIMS . THE PRESENTS " ALREADY RECEIVED far exceeding in number and value what was anticipated ( with promise of numerous others ) , and as manv Of the tickets still remain unsold , the committee have decided On postponing the final disposal of the Gifts till MONDAY , FEBRUARY 19 th . Tickets , Sixpence each ( which wiU entitle the holders to an article of value ) , may be obtained of Mr . James Grassby , 8 , Noah ' s Ark Court , Stangate , Lambeth ; Mr . Stalln-ood , Hammersmith ; Mr . Greenslade , 21 , AUerton-street , Hoxton New Town ; Mr . Grey , " Two Chairmen , " Wardour . street , Soho ; Mr . Knowles , "Globe andFriends , " Morgan-Street , Commercial-road East ; Mr . Birch , " Tito Sawyers , " Minorie *; Mr Allen , " Crown and Anchor , " Waterloo Town ; Mr . Merriman , 262 * , Strand ; Mr . Saar , '* Olive Branch , " Old St . Pancrasioad ; Mr . Holmes , 1 , Kidingbouse-lane , Portland-place ; Mr . Allnutt , Headman ' s Coffee-house , Clcrkenwell-green ; Mr . Collins , South London Chartist Hall ; Land Office , 144 , High Holborn ; and of the Secretary , John Arnott , 11 , Middlesex-place , Somers Town , London , of whom every information can be obtained , if by letter , pre-paid . . K . B . The local members of the Executive , sub-secretaries and others , are invited to forthwith solicit subscriptions from their friends , and forward the same with name and address , to the secretary as above , if by Post Office Orders , Siade payable at the Battle-bridge Post Office , when tickets rriU be promptly returned , and the amount received acknowledged in the Star when finally closed . Friends who iare tickets for salej are requested to make a return as jsxiy as possible .
Ad00422
LITERARY INSTITUTION , JOHN STREET , FITZROY SQUARE . SUBJECTS OF AN ORATION ; to be delivered by Thohas Coo rt * , author of ' The Purgatory of Suicides , " On Tuesday Evening next , January 30 th , 1849 , in aid of the National Ticrui Fot > , for which purpose Mr . Cooper presents his gratuitous services . 30 th . —( Being the hi-centenary of "King Charles the Martyr" ) Trial and Execution of Charles I .: Government by the Council of State : CromweU in Ireland : his Victories of Dunbar and ¦ Worcester : Protectorate and Character of Oirvra Ceomwell . To commence at eight o ' clock preciselr . Admissionflail 2 d . . . Gallery 3 d .
Ad00423
FOR SALE , rV JfOra-ACKE ALLOTMENT at Estate ^ if ° - - siwated i" « he best portion of the ^ aV > : v ,, f croi , p ? ™ "heat , and ^ vo-andlhalf five ^ . n , W ° ^"" P' -oi'Ping . Theeffucts consist of ™? , -T l """ '"S ' four months old ; twenrv-four bushels of potatoes ; three-and-a-half bushels of harlev - a ouantitv rf or manure , wrth a quantity of straw ; an exceheift barn ^ four ?«! r-stio £ ; . a ^ quantity of rabbit hutches : a . & eWftj : ::-d a well-fenced yard , for pigs or pouter , 'the propmtvr , only reason lor gelling Is , his luring lately been ten aiwdiimr with four children , under eleven years of age , and his wish to return among his friends Term * ike prnvhaeer to pay all the Company ' s demand ^ aLj J £ e ' £ * 01 < . tut : proprietor . J y e f ^ w ' * ** } J |* l * M . ' nna addressed to Alfred II . 4 / rowther , o Connorvule , near Rickmansfforth . Herts and contain a postage stamp for reply . ' milS ' an
Ad00424
A PARLIAMENTARY' SOIREE AND ii PUBLIC MEETING , will be held at THE LITERARY ASD SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION , John-street , Fitzroysoiiftt'c on MONDAY' EVEXISG MIT , JAATABV »* , 1 S * 9 : The following gentlemen will attend : -Charles ¦ Lushmgton . Esq ., M . P . ? Tliomas Waklcy , E » v . ™ W'fS 8 F O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., Messrs . Ross , Harney , M G-rath , Dixon , Clark aud Kydd . . . . Tea on table at half-past six o ' clock , and the meeting to commence at eight . . . - .. . . Tickets for thesoirwls . each , to be had of _ all local secretaries ; the Land Office , 144 , High Holborn ; the Trades' Office , 11 , To ttenham-court-road ; and at the Institution . Chartists , do your duty . S . Ktdd , Secretary .
Ad00425
TO BE SOLD , by a party about to emis ^ ate , several FOUR AND TWO-ACRE PAIDUP SHARES in the National Land Company . The hi ghest reasonable offer will be taken . Apply , post paid , to J . Chapman , 23 Court , " High-street , Bordesley , Birmingham .
Ad00426
POPvTHAIT OF TV , S . O'BRIEN . Next week our subscribers will receive the portrait of the "Saxon Victim , " and all agents are requested to send their orders in time . Specimens of a splendid portrait of Young Meagher will shortl y be in the hands of our agents ; and we venture to assert , that our readers wiU prefer the aght of W . S . O'Briex to the Royal Speech , which will appear on the same dav .
Ad00427
INSTRUCTION AS TO DEFENCE AND VICTIM FUND . As we have before stated , all Monies for the DEFENCE FUND must be transmitted by Post-office Order only , addressed to Mr . Wm . Rider , « Northern Star" Office , Great Windmill-street , London . And all Subscriptions for the VICTIM FUND , must be addessed to Mr . John Akxott , Middlesex- p lace , Somers ' -town , in Post-office Orders , made payable to him , at the Post Office , Battle Bridge . And in future the two Funds must be kept distinct and apart , as otherwise it is impossible to appropriate tfteiu as intended . Feargus O'Cox . vor .
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J. Sweet Acknowledges Tlie Receipt Of Th...
J . Sweet acknowledges tlie receipt of the following sums for Mrs . M'Douall : —Mr . Chipindale , is . ; Mr . Knott , 3 d . ; Mr . Kirk , Id . —For the Defence Fund ( sent herewith ) : —From the "King of the French , " 3 d . Mr . A . Roberts , Port Hopttown , Edinburgh . —Received . Mr . J . Evxvs , Wolverhampton . —The fault lies with the London agent . If he gives himself the trouble to send lie can have them . Mr . J . Milltb , Newport , Monmouthshire . We believe you will obtain the portrait of Mr . A . Heywood , 58 , Oldhamstreet , Manchester , for one shilling . We have not got one on hand . Mr . W . C ' oiTHAX , Leicester . —The report has been mislaid . Its insertion would be chargeable as an advertisement . The Poets . —Since Christmas we have received amass of poetical compositions , which we can make no use of at
present . In good time , the several candidates for pubhcity nill be brought up for judgment , and treated according to their deserts . J . W ., Plymouth . —If you can make up your mind to meet the worst you have to fear should vou rejoin the , perhaps you will do well to take that course . P > ut even to risk a" dressing" is no Joke . If you are without a family , it would be better to try your fortune under tho " stars and stripes . " D . Gibson , Greenwich . —^ There are a host of works professing to teach the French language . We cannot single out one in particular , unless we except " Cobbett ' s Trench Grammar , " a work of good repute amongst those who have learned that language . E . Sikes ,. Huddersfield . —Xo communication lias been treated with contempt , silent or otherwise ; but we had not room for the article in question the week it came to hand . When we had room , the interest of the subject had passed away . We are not aware of the non-insertion of any other communication . W . H . C . B ., Birmingham . —We know nothing of the
advertisement . James Wiixiahs . —We know nothing of the North Texan Company . M . M'A . —We believe the prizes wiU be open to general competition . As regards the poetry , see the notice above . A Sobscbibeb , Birkenshaw Bottom : —We do not supply Mr . Buckley . Mr . Clark is our agent Mr . Edwards , Teignmouth . —Any member subscribing sixpence per week to the funds of the Loan Society , will be eligible to borrow the sum of £ 15 . —Thojias Clark . S . Ktdd " asd Jraira . "—Your "Letters" were placed in the hands of the printers , on Wednesday , but press of matter has excluded them from this day ' s Star . They shall appear in our nest .
The Northern Star Saturday, January 27,1849.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 27 , 1849 .
" The Northern Star," And The Tyrants. T...
" THE NORTHERN STAR , " AND THE TYRANTS . The following letter has been addressed to Mr . O'Connor ; and from its contents the people will learn the dread , the terror and horror entertained by tyrants against the People ' s Paper ; and , however much we sympathise with the prisoners , we feel proud ' that our writings are the terror of their enemies . "Wo have no doubt that the Home Secretary will
hear something of the matter in proper time and place . Can any thing be more revolting or disgusting than the fact that a newspaper paying its fan * share of stamp duty , and thus contributing towarda . the support of pampered officials , should be proscribed by a Free Trade Government . This is Free Trade with a vengeance , but in the exact proportion in which the "Star" is hated by tyrants , will it be loved by freemen . Kirkdale Gaol , near Liverpool , January 23 rd , 1849 .
Dear Sib , —We hare drawn up a memorial to Sir George Grey , in which we complain , amongst other tilings , of the Abrtftgrn Star being proldbitcd by the Visiting Magistrates of this prison , whilst Whig or Tory papers are allowed free admission . We therefore call upon you , more in your capacity of a Member of Parliament than as proprietor of the Star , to give us your aid , in common with other honmembers , with whom we intend to hold a correspondence on the subject , aud thus preserve to us the privileges to which we consider ourselves entitled . Since our confinement here we have been twice searched , like thieves , by the Governor . Our visitors have been several times subjected to the same indignity , and are not aUowed
admittance on Sunday ( the only tune when the majority of our friends can spare time ) . Our domestic letters are overhauled by the governor , and one of our fellow prisoners , Edward Clark Croppe r , is now an inmate of the hospital , through a severe attack of asthma , brought on by being deprived of the use of tobacco . We therefore trust that you will display your usual energy' by requiring a removal of these restrictions , which we look upon as the emanation of magisterial dogmatism rather than the meaning and intent of the law , whose protection we claim as " first class misdemeanants . " On behalf of Self and Fellow Prisoners , Yours affectionately , Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., London . .
The Colliers Of Northumberland And Durha...
THE COLLIERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . During the management of the affairs ' of the Durham and Northumberland Colliers by Sir . Roberts , there was no class of labourers who stood in a better position to resist the aggressions of the strongest class of masters , aiid to this fact is to he attributed the intense hatred of the latter class to him who stood as a breakwater between the flood of poAver and the unconnected streams of industry .
The Colliers may be called not only a peculiar class , hut a peculiar race ; a race of underground slares , inured to a certain description of labour , and secured from overwhelming competition by the dangers of the callingin fact , the dread of explosion , inundation and suffocation was , and is , to them , what the Corn Laws were to the
landlords—PROTECTION . It is a well-known fact , that the survivors , after a dreadful calamity has taken ' place , rather rejoice in , than deplore the event ; every man subjected to similar danger , believing that his turn will he the last , looks upon ' the catastrophe as a fearful warning to ' those who might otherwise enter the competitive market , and the labour of mining—that is , grubbing for coal—does not require the same apprenticeship and training that the manufacturing operative requires .
True , the economical and beneficial working of the mine is of importance to the master , but , as the wages of the worker are measured by the amount of production , and not according to the standard of perfection , the master is well satisfied to use this competitive power , even at the expense of damage' to the pit , rather than submit to the just demand for
The Colliers Of Northumberland And Durha...
the best , most practical , and economical working of the pit . For these several reasons , and , more especially , from the fact that Coal Kings and Viewers constitute the tribunal—the only tribunal—to which the complaining slaves can appeal , the . Colliers are , of all other classes , the most isolated—in fact , they arc a distinct and separate race . Itwasiiotso , however , under Mr . Roberts ' s administration ; as an appeal from the
inferior to the superior Courts—in every single instance of which Mr . Roberts w as successful—worked a considerable alteration in the Collier ) ' Laws : and to the loss of this practice of appealing from Philip drunk to Philip sober—from a bench of interested masters to a bench of impartial Judges—must now be attributed the numerous letters that daily pour jn upon us , complaining of the advantage taken by the masters now that the men hare lost their legal adviser imd . protector .
There is nothing moro unfair or ungenerous than to charge tho dishonesty of the tew as a crime against tho mairy . And as system works the crime , and as self-interest is the ruling and governing maxim of man , we shall endeavour to destroy the ^ rushing system , by clearly and simply developing the realisation of self-interest as regards the Colliers . As in the case of tho Dorchester Labourers
and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners , so it was with the Colliers- during their strike ; we devoted our time , our money , and our space , to the advocacy of their cause , and our reward in all caseswasthe same—neither thanksnor gratitude . In every instance the mouthing philanthropist made merchandise of the sufferers , and as soon as the victims were restored—as with the Colliers when their union was broken
up by the desertion , the fraud , and dishonesty of leaders who could no longer traffic in then credulity ; so it was with the advocates of the Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners—many of them retained to their own kindly use the monies that were subscribed for the Victims , while others secured a comfortable retreat under the countenance of the employer . Nevertheless , as we ascribe all to system , we will once again lend our aid to the re-organisation of the Colliers' Union , which while in its . strength was the most powerful Labour Union ever known in this country ; and we will now show arithmetically , the beneficial effect that this and all other Labour Unions
must ever confer upon the shopkecping and trading classes . Iii Northumberland and Durham wo may estimate the number of Colliers , men and boys , in round numbers , at sixty thousand ; and if we presume that the want of Union and the absence of legal coercion , has reduced the wages of each worker by a shilling a day—we make a low estimate of the figure by presuming the reduction to be a sliilhng---it amounts to £ 3 , 000 a day , to £ 18 , 000 a week ,
and NINE HUNDRED AND THIRTYSIX THOUSAND A YEAR . "We have taken the reduction consequent upon disunion , and want of organisation , very low . However , that amount is well- worth contending for—and we will now show the shopkeeper ' s profit . There is no shopkeeper , who deals in the working man ' s provisions , who does not realise , at least , fifteen per cent , profit ; and , therefore , the profit accruing to the shopkeepers from the expenditure of this increased amount of wages , would amount to
about ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY THOUSAND A YEAR—or would give an additional income of TWO HUNDRED POUNDS A YEAR , to seven hundred shopkeepers in Northumberland and Durham . And those shopkeepers would be much better customers with all classes of traders , bankers , merchants and manufacturers ; while , upon the other hand , the nine hundred and thirty-six thousand filched from the sixty thousand unprotected , because disunited , labourers , going into the pockets of tho few united , and therefore powerful , Coal Kings , is partly spent with
the more aristocratic trades of London , and partly lavished in railway and other gambling speculations ; and this is what constitutes the annual increase of the " G-REAT WEN , " as Mr Cobbctt very characteristicall y design nated the metropolis j and tho increase of which , and the centralization of governmental power therein , will , ere long , constitute the great national grievance : as the " " does not at all represent the stomach , returning strength and vitality tothe members of tho body , but is a great consuming maw—it keeps what it gets .
There is another view to he taken of the Colliers' case , it is—the hours devoted to labour . Under the administration of Mr , Roberts the men earned four shillings a day for eight hours' work , and , presuming that they now work ten hours a day and tor less wages , let them understand that this at once augments the sixty thousand into seventy-five thousand , thus creating a competitive reserve of fifteen thousand ; that is , sixty thousand men ' s work at ten hours a day , is equal to seventy-five thousand men's work at eight
hours a day , and the sixty thousand working ten hours will produce one-fourth more than the same number working eight hours a day ; and as calamity is to them what the Corn Laws were to the landlords—Protection , so is GLUT OF PRODUCE to them precisely what the importation of foreign grain is to the landlord—DESTRUCTION . But , mayhap , the consumer may turn upon us and say , "True ; but as the one Collier can produce as much as many can consume , the many receive the benefit of this increased production . " But we rejoin , "No such thing ; " for two reasons ;—
Firstly . r— The Coal Kings do not make a corresponding reduction ; but , on the contrary , they uphusbandthe surplus produce which constitutes their power over the producer , as it enables them to . resist any demand for a fair increase of wages by pointing to the accumulated store , and saying : " Behold the enemy —it is of your own creation . I only employ you for charity , —PLAY , IF YOU WISH , for three months , six months , or nine months , for the pit ' s mouth tells you that I can supply my customers for that period without an increase of store . " . And then the Coal King increases the price tothe consumer , upon the prer text that the supply is inadequate to the demand .
We have now based this ColUory Question upon its proper footing ; we have shown the Collier the loss that disunion entails upon his class ; we have shown the shopkeeper and trader the loss that reduced wages entail upon their class ; and we -would remind them of the oft repeated fact , that the hope to retain their social position with those who destroy their best customers b y tyranny , is the rock upon which they will split .
Had we estimated the diminution of wages consequent upon disunion at 2 s . a day , we believe we should still be under the mark , and thus we show to the labouring classes generally , that class-power , achieved through classlegislation , that the union of masters and the disunion of labourers , are the two great enemies against which the latter class have to contend , And trusting that the eyes of the Colliers of Northumberland and liurham will be fully opened to their position before the present destructive system enables the Coal Kings to Jay up such a store as mil compel the workers to accept any terms , ' we conclude with a strong expresion of hope , that the many letters we have received from the leading men
of the two counties , are indicative of the Colliers' resurrection , and that timel y steps may betaken to prevent the evil ever consequent upon delay . A penny a month , or a shilling a .. year , from sixty thousand people , would amount to three thousand pounds and from the proper expenditure of that sum the contributors would receive in increased wages over ONE MILLION PER ANNUM !
Whig Retrench^Ts
WHIG RETRENCH ^ TS
Lord John And The Cha.Vce1loe Of Ifioex-...
Lord John and the Cha . vce 1 loe of ifioEx-CHEQUEit have taken fright already . They dread the organised forces of " tho Fi ' Aial Reformers led by Cobdes , and arc propitiating them by throwing such tubs to the whale as come handiest . On Monday , the "Times , " having got its cue from headquarters , thus cautiously and semi-officially announced the Financial Policy which the Whigs , under the anticipated " pressure from without , " have deemed it prudent to adopt : —
"We believe we may congratulate tbe moderate and patient economists on the prospect of an early and considerable step in the right direction . After years of ascendingexpense and descending revenue , a return to the cquiubrium , besides being a positive improvement , is an earnest of better things to come . From aU that we can hear tne Chancellor of the Exchequer wiU be in a condition to anndWee early in the session a reduction in the army and naw estimates , sufficient to bring them safe within the probable revenue of the year . The twelvemonth juat ended has produced a considerable income on corn , the last tw in this rfinntrr will ever be levied from the staff ot
life -mi , on the other hand , it has not been a good year formW Taking therefore into account the evident and substantial improvement of trade , ive may fairly expect that the revenuV now for half a year on the ascendant vnU soon regain thelevel of 181 G . Unless some unforeseen danger or calamity should derange the calculation , we may expect that with the revenue of 1810 we shall soon combine the estimates of an earlier year , yet without injury to any ofour civil establishments , or measures for internal improvement . Should such a budget be announced , the common sense and gratitude of the nation would be exhibited by a hearty and unanimous support , and we have no doubt it wiU be so exliibited . "
How far " this moderate and patient" Budget will meet with the " gratitude" and « ' hearty and unanimous support '' anticipated for it by the Ministerial organ , we do not pretend to say . But in the mean time we think it our duty to show how the reductions are to be brought about . The Financial Reform Association lias , in its tracts , disclosed a monstrous and shameful expenditure of the public money , upon aristocratic placemen , and sinecurists . The overofficering both of the ¦ Army and the Navy , has been most powerfully exposed ; and the
downright waste and peculation of the Ordnance made evident to everybody . We have 69 Generals , and 138 Lieutenant-Generals , or in all , 284 Generals—being more than two for each Regiment . We have 3-41 Colonels , and G 84 Lieutenant-Colonels , or 1025 in all ; and other Officers in proportion . The race of Admirals and Captains in the Royal Navy is equally numerous , and all are in some way or other quartered upon the country , for snug incomes . Now a reduction in this ridiculouslylarge disproportion between the commanders and those whom they have to command , would have been something like common sense , and at the same time have effected a real saving . But that is not the way in which Whig
Economists go to work . In respect of this real deadweight there will be little , if any , reduction . It is strapped on to the back . of tho nation as firmly as ever the " Old Man of the Sea " was upon Sinbad . The idlers will be kept up at the old rate , and even the excuse for keeping so many officers will be diminished . The "Morning Chronicle" announces on Thursday , that it is intended to discharge ten thousand men from the Army , and that the proposed diminution will take place chiefly on that portion of our forces which is now on home service . In plain English this means , that ten thousand more competitors are to be driven into an already overcrowded Labour Market , to aid in bringing down wages still farther , while the real burdens of the nation are to
remain untouched . We have no doubt that any other reductions in the Navy , Ordnance , and Public Offices , will bo made upon the same principle . The hard-working men , the low-paid and fagged-out clerks—these will be either forced into the Labour Market altogether , or have their wages lowered , and their work increased ; while fat , pampered , and idle sinecurists , will be left in the unrestricted enjoyment of large annual incomes .
We leave it to all men of common sense to say , how far such Financial Economy and Retrenchments will benefit the nation , If , for every penny saved in taxation , the surplus labour thrown into the market lowers the price of labour a shilling—we " gues | , " as the T ^ ankeea say , that the people wii | soon find they are playing a losing game . They may depend npon it , however , that this will be the retrenchment policy pursued by all factions , so long as they are unrepresented in the Commons House of Parliament , and have no voice in the just apportionment of the national income . The aristocracy will always seize the lion ' s share of the spoil—the people will continue to he crucified between Whig and Tory thieves .
Dr. M'Douall. ^ We Understand That Mr. R...
DR . M ' DOUALL . ^ We understand that Mr . Roberts contemplates appl ying for a Writ of Error in the case ot Dr . M'Douall , on ( we believe ) such good and sufficiont ^ grounds , as can hardly fail to ensure that gentleman ' s release from the prison tortures to which he has been subjected for some months past . We believe somewhere about £ 20 is the sum required to enable Mr Roberts to commence operations . We put it to the working classes whot > . « . + > . <» . „ , ; n „ n
Dr . M'Douall to remain in the hands of his relentless enemies for the want of so trifling a fTi a e , ? eStly a PP ealt 0 to * Doctor ' s S b an dmirer »; ° P ^ cure him the means We shaU return to this subject when more Xtsll t- facts on ** ^ success Inth ! l ad erbaSeS his ho P of mends ot Dr . M'Douall will do their duty .
Im??««J Rf? 11 La ? 0 ™— It Cannot Be To...
im ??«« J rf ? 11 ? ™— It cannot be too deeply X ™? w mmd ' that application is the price , i « , Pai | kfor mental acquisitions , and that it is aosura to expect them without it , as to hope for narvest where w » hare not sown the seed ,
Im??««J Rf? 11 La ? 0 ™— It Cannot Be To...
RE C EI P T S OF THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . Fob the Week Ekdixo Thursday , January 25 , 1849 . SHARES . "SL * - " .. * o * w : ? Sn . :: fl ! hSL :: MO 0 P . Trumble .. J } J Carlton .. 0 1 11 JV . Searl .. 0 o u Ea . smgton-lane .. 018 0 C . Maui .. " ? » Nottungham , F . Carpenter .. 0 4 *
Windy Nook .. 0 7 0 II . Moss .. 0 \ * Manchester .. 2 4 0 J . Moore .. 0 1 « Marvlebone .. 1 0 0 W . Bailey .. » J J KonLiddle .. 2 18 0 C . T . Galton .. { 0 8 Edinburgh .. 0 3 0 S . Lee .. . 0 16 Southampton .. 112 0 A- «• O . ¦• £ 2 Q Stalybridge .. J . to « & O . ~ JLJCrayfbrd .. 1 2 6 £ 23 2 11 C . T . Oolton .. 0 0 8 »¦ EXPENSE FUNOi Globe and Stockport .. " S „ Friends : 0 2 0 y . Searle .. ° | $ Birminghom , A „ J . Margetts .. 0 | g ta ) .. 0 4 6 J . Wilkins .. 0 i 0 Hon . ! 0 2 3 II . Sherlicker .. OJJi Nottingham .. O 3 8 Norwich «• ° *• " ¦»« * TOTALS . Land Fund 2 S . , 1 \[ Expense ditto l r \» Bonus ditto ... — ••• J * j , *¦ £ Loan ditto ... J J £ Transfers ... •<« — v 1 % J ¦ £ 31 8 10 W . Dixo . v , C . Boris , T . Cubic , Cor . Sec . F . M'Grath , Fin . Sec ,
Executive Fund. Ter W. Bideb.—T. A. C, G...
EXECUTIVE FUND . Ter W . Bideb . —T . A . C , Gd . ; E . Elias , Monmouth , 2 * ; J . Tavlor , StoVT PrOYOSt , Is . j Wakefield , per % ^ « J * . 6 s . - Id . — 1 ' cr S . RTDD .-Keighley , J . G zftett , Js . ; Limehouse , a Friend , Is . ; Mr , 6 . Mayman , 4 s . ; Sheffield , J . Cavill , Is . 6 d . ; Sheffield , Miss Booker , ls .. 6 d ; ; Peterborough . B , Schaley , for cards , 1 * . ; South London HaU , 1 0 * . ; Cards ' ditto , 4 s . 2 d . Per Land Orncs . —Mr . Thorpe , Derby , 2 s . 6 d , ; Leicester , Astui , is . oa . ; Ernest joto , Locality , 3 s , 4 d . ; Eccleu , 4 s . ; Cnpplegate , per Mr , Brown ,
NEW YEAR'S GIFT . Per S . Ktdd . —It . Farleigli , 5 s . ; It . Heatb , 2 s . DEFENCE FUND . Per Vf . ItiDKR . —Swinehcad Cl » ugh , per R . Barter , oa . M . Ball , Mansfield , Cd . ; J ? acup , per J . Mairsen , 5 s . ; i . Sweet , Nottingham , 9 d . ; St . Andrews , Auckland , per J . Wilkinson , 10 s . 2 d . ; A few Friends , Old Shddonjper ditto , Is . 4 d . ; Coventry , per G . Freeman , 8 s . ; J . Oldfieid , Huddersfield , 2 s . 60 . ; A few friends , Montrose , per W . Scott , Ss . j Northampton , per Mrs . Faulkner , 4 s . The 12 s . fid . from Midgley , and the £ 1 6 s . 2 d „ from Swin . don , acknowledged in our last for Defence Fund , should have been for lYives and Families of Victims . Will remitters be more explicit and not merely say the enclosed is for the " Victims , " but specify the particular purpose they desire the money to be applied .
VICTIM FUND . Per S . Kydd . —Keighley , per J . Garnett , 5 s . ; South London HaU , J . Edwards , Is . lid . ; J . Percy's Subscription , 3 s . Gd . ; Sheffield , G . Cavill , 2 s . ; E . Lee , Is . ; Miss "Booker , Is . Cd . j H . Farleigh , 5 s . FOR WIVES AND FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . Per W . Rideb . —Ashford , per J . Barrow , 2 s . Cd . ; London , per W . Long , 8 a . ; Birmingham , per H . RudhaU , Is . 9 d . ; A . White , per ditto , Is . ; E . D . Donnell , per ditto , Is . ; J . Smith , Kennoway Burns , Fifeshlre , Is . Gd .
NATIONAL VICTIM AND DEFENCE FUND . " Midgley , per II . Nayior , 12 s . 6 d . ; Mr Bide ' r , as per Star , 8 * . 9 d . ; Mr Kydd , as per Star , £ 1 5 s . 3 d . ; Mr Elliott , per Mr . M'Grath , 2 s . Gd . ; Mr Frost , per ditto , 6 d . ; An Enemy to oppression , ditto , £ I . ; Ernest Jones Locality , per llarrap , 4 s . Gd . ; Mr . Kuight , per J . Milne , Is . ; Globe and Friends , per Thomas , 2 s . 3 d . ; Commercial-road HaU , ditto , Is . 9 d . ; Westminster , per Grassby , 2 s . 3 d . —Joiw Arnott , Sec , 11 , Middlesex-place , Somer ' s-town , to whom communications are , in future , to be addressed , and all monies for the Wives and Families of Victims , forwarded by Post Office Orders only ( Stamps not being available ) , made payable to him at the Battle-bridge Post office . Tho Wives and Families of the Kirkdale Victims having been placed on the funds the weekly liabilities of the committee amount to nearly eleven pounds , at the small stipend of seven shillings per week to those with , and three- shillings to those without families ; and when it is stated that , through want of funds , several , last week , were compelled to go away unpaid , the committee trust that the friends of humanity will exert themselves and send in funds .
Executive Fund. Ter W. Bideb.—T. A. C, G...
0 This sum was acknowledged last week in mistake , as for Defence .
Reported Loss Of Fifty Lives Ik A Collie...
REPORTED LOSS OF FIFTY LIVES IK A COLLIERY . Barxslet , Wednesday evening . —About tweka o ' clock at noon , a dreadful explosion took' place at Davley Main Colliery , which is situated about two miles south of Barnsley . —From inquiries mada on the spot , it appears that there were employed in the mine forty-four getters of coal , who , with their hurriers , will amount to about sixty-six persons . There , were also horse drirers , trappers , and others , who will amount to six or ten persons , making , in the whole , between seventy and eighty persons who were in the pit at the time the explosion took place .
At halt-past rive o clock twenty-one persons had been got out , sixteen alive , most of whom are severely burnt , and five dead ; four of the latter are married persons , somo with very largo families . Their names are John Parsons , the elder , and John Parsons , the younger , father and son ; Amos Harper , who has left a pregnant wife and six . children ; Francis Wilson , and a single man named Atkinson . Every means are being tried to extricate the others who are yet in the mino , and who , thera is every reason to believe , have become victims to tltd devouring element . —Daily News .
"Borrowing"A Murder Or Two.—We Understan...
" Borrowing " A Murder or Two . —We understand that the magistrates at Mountmellick were engaged in investigating a conspiracy relative to Christopher Bailev . Esq ., J . P ., both on Mondav and Tuesday last ; and that two persons have been fully committed . One of them , Malachi Guinan , had been ejected from Lord Sidney Osborne ' s estata ( owing three years' rent ) , and he solicited a cousin of his own to subscribe for the purpose of getting Mr . Bailey shot j and John Maughan was tho agent either to commit the deed himself or to get it per * petrated ; for the latter purpose he undertook a journey to Tipperary , to get the loan of a " boy ' \ or two for the occasion . —Leinster Express . Pronunciation of Omental or East I . vduX
Names . —The vowels alone need be attended to , and they arepronouncedas those of the Italian language . Thus , the English vowels take for their corresponding Eastern sound—a , as in the English word far ; e , as e in set ; i , as i in pit ; j ( for j is a vowel in Italian and in all Oriental tongues ) , as double e in v A * ° VC , VQ > "• doflble o in poor . Thu 3 gauburis properly sounded as Kobool : Shujah a 3 Shooyah ; the double © of the j having the sound of y when preceding a yowel ; the Punfaub as Foonyob ; Hindustan as Ilindoostan ; Maharajah , M Alarharrayh , and soon . Escape of . a Convict from Wakefield Pmsov . ^ fllff"' unparalleled , except by theexploita oi Jack Sheppard occurred at the Wakefield Housa -I UTOBH ! & euuiu iiuu
, nf ru- _„„ . f ** -..-... ua « tim ^ ' ° -a H } " & 1 eveninS ™ ek- For soma time past a considerable portion of the Mtablish-! S ^^ !? # toto « ,, ! ^ rf 1 ^ under sentence of transportation , and who are in . structedinBome useful trade prior to EJin * tha country One of these , a man named fiftcmmitted from Salisbury , and under sentence if fourteen years' transportation for hi ghway " bbcrr , Si / J 4 ° l e 8 ca P « ? ^ notwithstanding tha vigilance of watchmen and others , succeeded in putting his scheme in practice . He was lodged on ona ot the lower tiers of rooms in the new «• < j" wing . £ fl or ivTi * v «* vi and had a loom in M cell , at which he worked during the day .- At nishti
? ,, f" wer /» , or should have been in bed , he care . ff ^ ° ^ v ? utty from the glass of the winfc « £ Y give , \ t 0 Wm for the purpose of SlI H ^ c 0 noeaIed the glawin a pan in tb 3 tA » f «^! ^ , appea " have taken a quantity of t ^ JITm 1 <^ 1 ?' . ^^ pped the iro n windo * S o i Ckly V $ '• then u «* g a PWt of his loom brokVrn V hlch £ ? lso ™ Pped vfith tow , H 9 S * $ « ( rame of the window almost without nf ) . ?* n avm no w an outlet large enough to * d « "ti ? I « i J * le ad t 0 e 9 Ca P « * ro » * m" C" " ' Wn ? , u - xTa 11 ' considerable distance , befort S »^ S gain th ? ^ elds and c ° u * y- to ' *' E 3 L * ** u ln ^ rouSht into play , for taking f S'S- ™ ft ^ oh ° hia loom was fixed to tha XSKfi " 8 CeI 1 l ? t { ed them together , and carrying nr « i ° ^ hdder alon S ™ * a Mm . crowed tha E / re ^ f ' Placed h « ^ dder to the wA climbodup it , drew the ladder after him , slid dowa it into the open field , and was clear awav soma
nours before his absence was noticed . The nigM ~ ° »« " made his regular half-hourly m « M on his index , and , consequently , prowi that he W not neglected the ordinary duty of parading tM passages ; but so noiselessly had tho adept hig hway man completed his work , that no sound declared itl progress ) Every effort j » * kb- to retake tM man , but up to this time entirely without success . South Lo »» os Workino Man ' s LitebabT ^ Scientific . iNSTiTunoN .-This Institute , we ^ nformod , u originated for disseminating kno *' lodge amongst its members ; its mSwhl be tM subscriptions and abilities of it , member ? and tbfl te & ° f th T ™^ t 0 such S & ns ; at * its plan of operation will be to throv ; 0 nen the roo » 3 to the members at all times ; ta plS a variety of periodicals , and a library for tftefr u e" W organise classes for the stud y ^ f every bSncho art and soienco ; to lecture oa sld dSS ev ? v subject tm & f m coIIectlY I r J' doem profitable or i *
Ixcekdunism In Ulbteb.—Government Inqvih...
WHO IS TO BLAME FOR THE TRAGEDY AT TOOTING ? The first juries who returned verdicts on the victims of the child-farming system , indulged in vague generalities and deprecatory regrets . It was deeply to be lamented that such a frightful mortality had occurred ; but as to there being any body to blame for it , in particular , these sapient bodies were unable to determine . They , fired blank cartridges at an infamous system of wholesale starvation and disease , which predisposed its victims to be swept off in hundreds by the prevailing epidemic of the moment .
The Holborn Union Jury deserve credit for not having followed this delicate and gingerly mode of dealing with a grave and important inquiry . Nearly four hundred children were attacked within the walls of one establishment , of whom one hundred and fifty now lie buried in the churchyard of the village and about fifty are interred in the various burying-places of the metropolis , having caught the infection before they were removed from the pesthouse . Not one person—young or old—has
been affected by the disease in the village of Tooting , outside Mr . Drouet's so-called asylum . The poor are aa scatheless in this respect as the rich , —those who live in Molyneux ' s yard , close by the great " Ceuspool of Tooting , " —tho lowest level , into which all its filth and impurity is drained and stagnated—escaped untouched * Their dwellings abutted as closely as one portion of Mr . Drouet ' s premises did upon this retort of Malaria , but the external atmospheric poison , to which some parties attributed such importance , did not harm them . Neither sickness nor death ensued .
Distinctly localised as the outbreak was , therefore , it is clear that some particular and definite causes had been at work to produce such a sweeping and appalling mortality . The blame must rest somewhere or other , and it was the duty of the Coroner ' s Jury to take the initiative in the matter , and find out where it lay . As we have already said , all shirked the performance of this duty , save the Jury that inquired into the causes of the death of the poor children belonging to the Holborn Union , who died after their removal from Tooting to the Free Hospital in Gray ' s Innlane ,
That Jury returned a verdict of " Manslaughter" against Drouet , the " Childfarmer , " and the Coroner , before issuing the warrant to take him into custody , emphatically expressed concurrence in the opinion of the Jurors , It remains to be seen what the fate of the accused will be in the Central Criminal Court , and whether tho legal trickery of the Old Bailey bar will be able to set aside the common-sense view of a body of men unbiassed by the technicalities and special pleading of ' "Gentlemen learned in the Law . "
One thing is certain ; that tho decided or firm conduct of toe Jury will give tho question the opportunity of being fully canvassed ' in all its bearings , and is equally justto the public and the person accused . As tar as Drouet is individ \ . iall y concerned , the matter ought now to be left to the legal tribunal , before which it will have to comet
But #$ re a ' e otner P artie 8 * ° tu , s ,, 1 < l ' * ' . '( , who have vet to be saddled with their share o » the responsibilities attending this wholesale " manslau ghter . " - ' . t ilfr Vakibt , in hisableand luminous charge to the ' Ju ^ aWved tho Poor Law Hoard and f „ r ' is well as the Guardians oi Tooting Child Fann , ^ j WB U ^ £ though he severely , censured the njy and ligent man ci
sloveiily , inefficient , neg in which the visitors from the several B * uris had discharged the duty of P ^ ally jamming and reporting uponthestate of the establishment . These latter he could not absolve from moral responsibility , thoug h he did all the other members who had not personally investigated for themselves . Now , with aU deference to the worthy Coroner for Middlesex , we can scarcely go the length he does in this particular . "We hold that the Guardians and Overseers who consigned the children to the tender mercies of Mr . Drouet , are responsible
on the good old legal maxim , " Qiiam facitper alium , facitper se , "—who acts by another acts by himself . It is not enough for them to say , " Why we paid him what he asked for the children , and a very good price too , and therefore we had nothing more to do with it . " The rery fact of their appointing monthly visitors to inspect the place and report concerning its condition , shows thai they were virtually DROUET ' S masters : and that , as their servant ,
they had the power of enforcing upon him any internal arrangements they considered requisite for the health and well-being of the inmates . If these arrangements were refused , they had tho power of withdrawing these children entirely , so that in any case the responsibility comes back upon them . It may be urged—it lias been so , indeed , by some of the officials and mouthpieces of these Boards of Guardians—that they were placed in a difficulty from the want of sufficient accommodation iii the workhouses of their
respective unions . No doubt that was an inconvenience , but it was not one which empowered theni to shovel out the juvenile paupers committed to their charge by hundreds , to die or live according to the convenience and profit of Mr . DltoUET , and without that systematic and scrutinising examination , which the peculiar position that individual stood in towards the children imperativel y demanded . As far as we can see , the monthly examinations were mere shams . Whether those who made them were engaged during a considerable part of
the time in exchanging courtesies with the Contractor at his hospitable board or how they otherwise occupied their time , it is difficult to say ; but certain it is , that the manner in which the duty was performed , fully justified the strong language used by Mr . Wakley . Perhaps , however , this was not always nor altogether the fault of the visitors . On one or two occasions , when complaints were made by a prying inquisitive Guardian , who reall y thought that ho was hound to see the children were properly clothed and lodged , the
reception lie experienced was anything but calculated to encourage him in continuing that mode of performing the task committed to him . Mr . Drouet bullied him , and abused the children . The poor Guardian was compelled to beat a retreat without completing his scrutiny , and the Guardians sent a larger deputation of visitors next time , who effectually whitewashed the concern—the Contractor , in tho meanwhile , having resolved " to do the thing handsome , " by making an analogy for his rudeness on tho previous visit . In fact , as Mr Winch ,
the Guardian alluded to , naively said , "He did not know how it was , but though they worked very well as a Board of Guardians , yet somehow , whenever a Visiting Committee reported anything against the Establishment , the next that went was sure to put it all right . " Mr . Winch never dined with Mr . Drouet . We wonder whether the whitewashers did . The optical effects of a good dinner and a glass of wine are very marvellous . They show " the silver lining of the cloud , " and throw over all objects a couleur du rose .
Badinage apart , however , the connexion between the Guardians and the Contractor , was such that it could not fail to have an injurious effect upon the condition of the children . It precluded to a considerable degree , an efficient supervision of the management oftho children ; threw obstacles in the way of removing admitted abuses ; and placed a large number of children , in Mr Drouet ' scare—under circumstances that supplied an almost irresistible incentive to benefit himself at their expense . The Guardians , aa inen of business and of common sense , ought to have foreseen these effects oftho system , and have provided better arrangements for the poor infants of their respective Unions .
Lastly , the Poor Law Board and its Inspectors are not froo of complicity in this crusade against the health and lives of the infantile paupers of the metropolis . Whatever technical difficulties might interfere to prevent their exercising full authority over these pauper farms , thoy had—as Mr HaU , the Inspector admitted- —the power of issuing a peremptory order , forbidding the sending of children to them . Why did they not do so ? It was
not because they were satisfied with them ; because tho same official told Mr Wakley , that " He could assure him they were as little satisfactory to the Poor Law Board , as they were to the Coroner himself . " The Inspector , accompanied by Mr Tufnell , Queen ' s Inspector , had remonstrated with Drouet upon the over-crowding of the children , and other evils ; but confessedly without any expectations of his remonstrancea being attended to . Why did he not recommend the withdrawal of the children ? Why did the Poo r Law Board not
issue " a peremptory order , forbidding their being sent to such establishments ? " That would have shut them up at once ; and compelled the Guardians to provide proper arrangements for them , under the direct surveillance of the local and general officials , responsible to the law . Tho neglect of the Central Authorities to do this , fastens upon them also—if not aleo-alat
least a heavy and direct moral responsibility , for the shocking mortality which has occurred ; and although the law may only be able to lay hold of the immediate actor in the tragedy—let it not be forgotten that other parties , with ample powers to prevent the catastrophe , ware particeps criminis . There are other points connected with this question of material importance , to which we must return on a future occasion .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27011849/page/4/
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