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J ' Andrews children were sentgranted ru...
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CORN. Fmdat Jan. 19th.—Tlie arrivals are...
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DEATHS. We regret to record the deaUi of...
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Printed by WILLIAM RIDER, of No. 5, Macclesfield-street 111 the liamsli nf &t Anno \v„,.....: . _^ .. :" ? lr * !er »-
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office, 16, Great WimtailUtrort, HaymW, ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
J ' Andrews Children Were Sentgranted Ru...
THE fl 6 Jf HERN STAR . : ; ^ " *> 1849 ' Q __ m ' " - ¦ T ~ T 77 ' + 1
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TTTTThlTi-irc undfcr a written and more hnd confiJ ^ Ho « ; » to ^ cxistcJ ^ , lcfi , IIt ° , ?» Utk same time the jury most cm * * 7 ^ rX condernn the practice of farming pattper V in the houses of strangers , because the ± mn engenkred by it affords to unpnncipled 2 £ r a « d & awus opportunities of defrauding . the S chflStti of their proper tood and clothing , in a Kner - tK wickedneis and evil consequences of STl Mi « t seem to become publicly apparent , ? £ - ~„ ducc such adequate cOec-t on the minds nor to j . oauc fo rf ft as I 0 Ica ( J l 0 01 * SroShc evil m « il dfeWhas produced the S ? awfid Sts on the help less popuhn * of ItafiSS '^ E » who ! c * urtecn Inur * then tVrniinatc » v . ' TVqUESt -XTK EXSLVOTOX , On Thur . -iv . Jfctnrary lfch , Mr . TfcMey , oojo-_ . rlJj ™ « mnnrA ui the Board-room of the
Ken-W ^ lf ^^ f ^^^ P ^ Ife fe ^^ rish removed foom Mi . " ™ ^ wassubscqw tf tly Tooting « l ^ . nwf from tte effect , of wfeh he attacked wil ^ ch okra from tne presided 21 ^ 25 ^ to ; £ the ^ ody , wWh ^ sented JL »«* y « -p of considerate emaciation , and . on thVrTtSf t o the Board- ^ om the folding evideuce was ' iaken : — = „ -,, ,. . . . Ha- vkak Wilkivs deposedlhat she w . is-an inmate of that workhouse , and ^ ras'thc mother of the deceased faild . who was fivt years and farce months old ! "Vt as present at the death , whith took place about i- ' irht o ' clock on th ? evening of Sunday last . The deceased was brought home Or : the 4 th inst ., and slrnt with witness on that nigl' . z . He seemed
voir well and had some tea and oread and buttery In the course of the sight he awoke in a state «? apparent alarm , and oa witness nuestioning him on the stbject , he said the "nurse at Tooting had streck him on ' his little nose and madcit bleed very nioch , and he ihousht she wot going ^ to do so again . Deceased was " seized nest morning ( Friday ftthWith vomitin" and purging , and although he had medical assistance he continued to get worse till he died . By the Coroner . —Deceased had been at Tooting about seven months . Sa-wr'liim there several -times .
hut alwavs in the presence of the porter . Had another child there . £ he used , generally , to take with her some bread-and butter , when she went to see them , which they ate most ravenously .. They frequently complainc-d < ff not having enough to eat , and on her questioning them on the subject , they said they had not enough to cat at any of the meals . The deceased looked very well when she visited him after he first went there , hut he soon wemed to be falling off , and appeared more sickly and weakly than before .
The Coroner here desired the daughter , nine years of age to be "brought into the inquest room . She was brought in , in the arms of a nurse , wrapped ¦ up in a blanket , -and by being carried across the arms of the nurse in tbe manner of an infant , appeared to he much younger than had been stated . -Mr "Waklv-y inquired if anything was the matter with her , when the master of the workhouse and Mr . Guazzaroni and Mr . Goodrich , two medical officers of the parish , said she had been ill for some time , and was suffering from itch . On the blanket being opened at the feet , the lower part oftho legs were found to be covered with rags , but sufficient of the feet and legs were visible to show that the flesh was covered with browji marks of itch , which were said to extend in the same manner all over the body of tlie unfortunate girl .
The Coroner said he he had never before in all his life seen such a bad case of itch . It was really frightful . Mr . Goodrich said in all his experience of thirty years he had never before witnessed such a dreadful case . It was really awful . He was the medical attendant at the workhouse of St . George , Hanoversqnarc , in the Fulham-road , where there were 250 children placed , and there was not one single case of itch . Mr . Blackweix explained to the coroner and jury ihat the girls had been removed from the Tooting establishment ever since the 9 th of November last , in consequence of the complaints of some of them that Mr . Drouet ' s brother had acted improperly towards them . The girl was then removed from the room , and the Coroner repeated that she was a perfectly sickening siirht , to which
Mr . ( toodkich responded : It is indeed ; it s frightful . Matilpa Psarmax deposed that she was a nurse in the Kensington workhouse , and attended the deceased from Friday , the 5 th instant , to the time of his death . He was seen every day by both Mr . Guazzaroni and Mr . Abrams . He was attacked with vomiting and purging , and placed in hot blankets , and medicines given him , and also wine . He got better , but afterwards got worse again , and sank until he died . The Coroner said he would next examine some of the children who had been with the deceased at Tooting .
Faxxt Batlet deposed that she was fourteen years of age , and while in Mr . Drouet ' s establishment was a helper in the ward in which the deceased hoy was placed . The Coroxer . —Did you ever complain of the food you had at Tooting ? * "Witness . —So , sir . I was always afraid to speak about Mr . Drouet , or what we had to oat , for fear of punishment afterwards . By the Coroner . —Had not enough to eat while at Tooting . The breakfast consisted of a slice of bread , and a shallow white soup plate full of gruel made of flour . Had seen it made in the kitchen , and wag sure it was made of flour , and not oatmeal . Ead ! he » rd many others complain about the food . The boys were worse off than the girls , as thev were rot paid for working , and the girls were paid twopence a week for working .
The Comixes . Now , on your oath , had yon ever , ¦ while at Tooting , enough to cat ? Witness . —Not when I had my meals in the hall . Had enough when I was in the ward , as the nurse gave me more than the allowance . The beef was hard at Tooting , and the potatoes had frequently the disease , and when eat were quite black . Sometimes the slices of bread at Tooting were not . half the size they were at the Kensington workhouse . Would rather not go to Tooting again . The fire in the schoolroom was a small stove ( not open ) at one end of the schoolroom , Upon her leaving , in November last , she had only One blanket on her bed . The Coroner ( seeing the witness well clothed in a good warm cloak ) , said he supposed that those clothes had be « n given them by the Kensington guardians . Mr . Blackwell said that was the fact . When both the girls and boys were brought from Tooting ihey were all ragged and tattered .
Thomas Mttts , a short thick-set boy , of twelve years of age , was next examined : He could neither read nor write , and did not know his Catechism , and the Coroner would not , therefore , administer the oath to him . He stated that he had been occasionally to school . There were twelve beds in one room , and thirteen in the other , and in each bed three hoys slept . With the 2 d . a week he used to buy £ rub . After he had had his breakfast he could cat four breads more ( slices ) . Xever while at Tooting had enough to eat . Was always hungry after his meals . A great many boys had mn away from Drouet ' s establishment . The first time he ran awav
he was beat for it . When they come back they put girls' clothes on them , and birch them . The " last time he ran away was the Sunday before they were fetched away to Kensington . He then went to town lo see after his friends , but could not find them , and walked -about all night . The next morning he was stopped by a policeman , and taken to the stajion , and thence to a workhouse , but he could not say where , and was kept there a day and a half , when Mr . Norris , the shoemaker at the Tooting asylum , came and fetched him back . He was then stripped of his clothes , and kept only in his shirt from seven in the evening until twelve next day , as a
punishment . The Coroner : Sow , you appear to he a knowing-Jookiug fellow . Tell us what you think made the children had , am » brought the cholera to Tooting . —Witness : Want of enough grub . The gruel was made by Bill Brewin , and was sometimes thick and sometimes thin . Could always eat more—could eat three more allowances he " thought . Had heard many boys of a morning complain of pain in the chest . They nearly all complained of the pain . There was no water-closet to go to at ni g ht at Tooting ; but "two tubs were placed in each bed-room , ' in which the . boys made both water and stools . They had handles on them , and were emptied every morning into the privy . . There were only two windows in each bed-room , and both on " one side . They were open in the day time , but shut at night . Mr . GuiszAROM had found the quality of the food a , Tooting particularly bad , and there was no fibre in the meat .
John Thomas , a boy fourteen years old , was then brought in , and it being found that he had not been to school , and feeiild not teft an E from an A when it was shown him in the room , the coroner would not swear him . He-made the same statements as to : he insufficiency of the food . He had worked in the gardcn while there , from six in the morning , until « x atmght , and was paid for it 2 Jd . per week . He : it first saved that to buy a silk handkerchief with but at other times bought cakes with it . ' Mn Goodrich said the bovwas a verv intelligent boy before he went to Tooting , but now he appeared to have lost all his animation , and seemed nearly a fool . -
Mr . Guazzaroni said he was just recovering from fever . ° The Coroner said it was a most important question for the consideration of medical men connected with great public establishments , like those gentlemen present , whether the people in them should be fed ah alike , No ^ person would feed animals all alike particularl y while tjiey wei'O VOUDg . Ani ma took atumichasiaev pjeaged , b ^ "" ^ " "
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Mr . Goodrich said lib thought it was necessary to limit the food of children . . . ¦ Frederick Deadmax , aged thirteen yoais , haun said that he had been taught his catechism and to read and write , in the Kensington workhouse be fore he went to Tootinsr , was sworn , ana ueposea thathe did ^ miloringfora month , andwaspaidtwo See a week for working front nine to one and from two to five While therehc had not enough to cat , Sd he alwavs felt hungry after his meals Hethen confirmed ttte statement that the children were afraid to comp lain to tho guardians when they came , for the * ear of punishment by Mr . Drouet , and said he coulii always have eaten as much again—that thev sSways stood at dinner , and were not ten minute * - ' at it .
. _ , VTr . Guazzaroni Ws . s then examined : He stated that he saw the deceased on the 5 th inst ., the niorn-« sg on which he was attacked . He was in a state of collapse , aud had every symptom of malignant cholera , lie ideated him ' with artificial heat , medicines , wine , ( laudanum , & c . He rallied ,. and had nearly reocwred , when he was attacked by consecutive fever xm the fourth day , and eventuall y died . Had opened the body on Tuesday last with Mr . Goodrich . It is my opinion that the deceased died from diarrhoea , and consecutive fever that supervened from the effects of an attack of cholera .
Mr , iGoodhich said he had visited the establishment in June or July last , with some of the guardians , when he saw reasons to complain of the overcrowding of the children , boththe bedrooms and the schoolrooms . He also tasted the soup , and found it different to that made in St . George ' s workhouse , there being no fibre of meat in it . He therefore " refused , on leaving , to write anything in the book ; and on the way home he impressed on the guardians the necessity for taking the children home , but the new workhouse not being ready it could not be done . Mr . Goodrich was then sworn and confirmed Mr . Guazzaroni ' s evidence , and further stated , that when he visited Tooting , he disapproved of the arrangements there altogether . He considered the children
were too crowded there , and that while in the playgrounds , which were surrounded by a high wall and hig h palings , they had not sufficient air , and that they were unhealthy . He also complained of the dormitories and stepped them , and considered they were too crowded . He was told that Mr . Hall , the assistant Poor-law Commissioner , had recently been there to see it , and approved of what he had seen , and witness thought it was no use complaining further if he approved of it . By the Coroner : When he Saw the children thero they were healthy in their appearance , but when he felt their arms they wanted firm flesh . The Coroner said he did not approve of the farmins : out of children . He thought it abad system , Mr . Goodrich further said the pea soup that he , saw at the Tooting establishment , taken with
nothing else , one day all the year round , would lead to disease and to chblcra . He fully concurred in the opinion of Mr . Guazzaroni as to the cause of death . After some further evidence given by both boys and girls , of a similar character to the-preceding , the room was cleared of strangers , and upon the public being re-admitted , the jury-returned a verdict" That the deceased child had died from the mortal effects of exhaustion , consequent upon fever supervening on an attack of malignant cholera . Tho Foreman said that the jury unanimously considered that in returning a verdict in accordance with the medical testimony , they should only do right in coupling it with their opinion that the attack of cholera produced at Tooting proceeded from the ^ sufficiency of food and warm clothing , and the want of proper ventilation in Mr . Drouet ' s establish-¦
ment . . ; The inquirv occupied five hours , and in the course of it , it was stated that when Mr Drouet . knew that the Kensington children were going to be removed , he told the workhouse messenger to tell the guardians that he had great difficulty in preventing his brother from coming over to Kensington and thrashingall tho guardians . The adjourned inquest on the bodies of the cholera victims belonging to Islington parish was also resumed on Thursday , when , after the evidence of Mr . Pearce , the surgeon to the out-door poor of Islington , and Mr . Grainger , the officer of the Board of Health , whose testimony did not differ from that given at other inquests , the inquiry was again adjourned .
INQUEST ON THE CHILDREN OF THE HOLBORN UNION . On Friday morning , at ten o clock , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., again resumed the inquiry into the deaths of the four pauper children belonging to the Holborn Union , who died at the Free Hospital . Mr . Grainger ( of the Board of Health ) , and several members of the Holborn Board of Guardians , Mr . Drouet and his legal adviser ( Mr . Ballantine ) , were present . The foreman of the jury intimated to the coroner that thirteen of the jury had visited Mr . Drouet ' s establishment on the previous day , and not only examined every part of it , but received from Mr . Drouet every information respecting it and the inmates , that they demanded to know , but as he was
unwilling to state publicly all they saw he suggested that they should retire to a private room , and there communicate with the coroner . Mr . Wakley . —If there is no objection on the part of the jury I should much prefer hearing their statement publicly . Some of the jurymen thought they had better have nothing done in private , and another juryman having suggested that they could gather quite sufficient from the evidence to be given to guide them , it was decided that no statement should he made , as they were of opinion that it ought not to be made publicly . Mr . James presented a large book , under the official seal of the Poor Law Commissioners , containing the visitors' reports .
Mr . Waklet . —We cannot receive all that that book contains . Mr . B . uxaktixe was anxious to see it , on the part of Mr . Drouet , upon which the seal was broken , and the book handed to him . William Mortimer examined . —I live at the Royal Free Hospital , and am engaged in looking after the children as nurse . I had two children at Mr . Drouet ' s , a boy aged three years and six months , and a girl aged five years and nine months . I last saw them there on the 26 th of December in the lodge , and in the presence of two or three women belonging to the asylum . They did not come out , they were never allowed out , although I frequently asked permission . The girl was not then complaining , but the boy was very bad . They are now both dead . I heard of their deaths last Friday for the first time .
The Corosek asked Mr . James , the clerk of the Holborn Union , whether he could say that these children were dead ? Mr . James said they died on the 6 th and 7 th . Witness . — -It was " reported to me that my children were ill on the 5 th instant . I was then in the workhouse . I wag not permitted to go and see them . I applied to the board through the master , who told mo my application was refused , but that I should hear more about it . [ Mr . James said that the guardians felt it would then be wrong to allow persons to go to the asylum , as it might interfere with the chddren and breed disease . ] Witness . —I tendered my discharge in the workhouse , but it was not received . [ Mr . James said that if the witness
had given three hours' notice he would have been entitled to his discharge . —Witness : I did not know that . —Mr . Wakley : These regulations ought to be printed and hung up in every workhouse . ]—Witness : My children had been in the asylum since March and April last . Although they died on the Cth and 7 th , I did not hear of it until the 12 th . David Kelly ( an Irishman ) examined . —I live at Russell-court , Lamb's Conduit-street . I had two grandchildren at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . Their names were Jeremiah and James Doyle . Their father and mother were in the workhouse when they went there , but we know nothing of the father now . I believe he is gone to America . One of the children is dead—the other in the Free Hospital , with
bad sores on his ears , his navel , and his shins . I went to see the children at Tooting for the first time on Sunday , December 31 st ; again on Monday and Thursday ; and on Friday the children were removed to the Free Hospital . When I went it was half-past eight in the morning , and being permitted to go in , I found little Jemmy in bed along with another child in a small ward . I staid about an hour . On leaving I saw young Mr . Drouet in the yard . I asked him if he had any report to send b y me to the workhouse ? He said , " I believe I have , for our children are dying very fast these three or four days . " He gave me a note , and I took it to the GrayVinn workhouse , and asked the porter to let me in . He refused , and I gave him the note . I wont to Tooting again on Monday , and found
Jenimy in the same ward , and in bed with another child . I walked each time , for I could not afford to ride , I met the doctor . He was a big tall gentleman in black , and he said to me that my child was better and doing well . On Wednesday the ward was much more crowded , and there were three in the bed . I taxed the nurse with neglecting them , and she said she was away during the night , because her sister had died . I saw the doctor , and said to him , " Doctor , you told me the child was getting better , but it ' s worse he is , and I now see he is done for . " Coroner . —Is the doctor here ? Witness . —He was a bi g fat man with a red face , and better fed than the children . Witness looked round the room , and said ( pointing to Mr . Drouet ) , I think that is the person , but I am not certain , and I won't speak anything I am not certain of .
Mr . W . J . Kite examined . —I am a member of the College and licentiate of Apothecaries Hall , and hold the office of resident surgeon in Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . I have held that office since the first week in November . There was no resident surgeon previously . I had the entire medical charge of the establishment . I held no similar office previously , nor any office in anv establishment devoted to the treatment of children . I had no written engagement with Mr . Drouet . I engaged , at a fixed salary , a § niedical attendant , but J had nothing
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whatever to do with the diet or clothing of the children , nor with the regulations of the establishment , nor did I pay any attention to these things , nor to the size of the rooms , nor the drainage . . There was no premium upon health , nor penalty upon sickness , in my agreement . I did not , on entering the establishment , make an examination of all the children , but I did of some ; and I have in my book an entry of the state of those children . I did not find any epidemic raging at the time . I found children under opthahniaof all . sorts ; I also found scrofula and itch prevalent , and four or five with dysentery . A few were lame , but their lameness was either congenital or of long standing . One variety of tfy > , opthalmia was contagious . The children so affected
were immediately separated from the rest .- ^ ' Coroner : How many had the itch ?—Witness : I cannot say exactly ; but a peat many had skin disease . Tlicvc was no separate ward for them . I made great efforts to cure the itch , but I foup . y it impossible . Itch ia easily cured , but it is easily caught again . — Coroner : Did you represent to Mr . Drouet that it was absolutely necessary to separate the children so affected ?—Witness ; I did , and they were so for the most part . But they mixed with the other children in the day time again . There was no obstruction thrown in my way for treating the children properly . Many of the children when admitted to that establishment , were affected with itch , and I can answer for it that they were better leaving it than
when they entered . I examined the children on being admitted to see if they were healthy or if diseased , particularly if they had a skin disease I found several with itch . —And you admitted them ? I had no power to send them away , —Did Mr Drouet know they were so afflicted ? Of course he did . I have told him so . I had no power to decline receiving such children . I had nothing to do with their reception . It was a well-understood and usual thing to receive such children . —Coroner : Why it appears to have been a nursery for the itch , for you have said it was impossible to cure it , it being so easily caught again . Had any of the children from St . Pancras parish the itch oncntering?—Witness : Yes ; two or three out of 120 , The cholera broke
out on the 29 th of December , and on the 30 th' wc had one death ; on the 31 st , three ; on the 1 st January , three ; on the 2 nd , seven ; on the 3 rd , five ; on the 4 th , twelve ; on the 5 th , nineteen ; on the 6 th , fourteen ; on the 7 th , eleven ; on the 8 th , twenty ; on the 9 th , fourteen ; on the 10 th , ton ; on the 11 th , five ; on the 12 th , nine ; on the 13 th , eight ; since the 13 th , nine—making a total of 150 . Some of these were complicated with other diseases . They could hot be said to have all died of cholera . Before the other medical men visited Tooting I recommended a better diet . Mr . Chapman was called in on the 30 th , and on the Monday a better diet was adopted ; an additional meat day was added , and rice substituted for arrow-root . I cannot say . what
was the quantity of arrow-root or of flour mentioned in the diet table as given to the children , but I know when made into a gruel it was thick , quite like a jelly . I opened seven bodies , but could not account for death by the post morttm examination . Tho intestines contained a gruelly , colourless substance , similar to that which had been discharged before death . —Do you refer the outbreak of cholera in the asylum to any atmospheric influence ? I cannot say what was " the proximate cause . It may have been the atmosphere acting on constitutions predisposed for illness ; and if I were to attribute a proximate cause , I should certainly say the . overcrowding was it . —Have any others than the children been attacked by cholera ? Tes , and three died . One was Battersby ) a nurse , aged nearly 60 , who died on the 11 th ; Sarah Goat , aged 2 i , a housemaid , who died on the 10 th ; and a third , who was an attendant on the eick , who died before the 8 th . —How do
you account for it that so few besides the children died of the disease ! It may be that children are more susceptible . —Do you as a medical man hold that to be the case , that children of from four to twelve years old are more susceptible of cholera than adults ? I only say it may be so ; and certainl y from what I have seen at Tooting I would draw that conclusion . —Do you regard cholera to be contagious ? I do not . —Infectious ? That is altogether another question . Before I went to Tooting I was a non-contagionist and a non-infectionist . But what I have seen at Tooting has much shaken my opinion about non-infection . ' Treated the premonitory symptoms with astringents—Coroner : Mr . Grainger made his visit on Friday , the 5 th , and I think he reported thirty-ei ght cases of premonitory symptoms . —Witness : I never heard of thirty-eight cases , nor of any considerable number previous to the visits of the other medical men .
Mr . Grainger referred to his report , and said that the thirty-ei ght cases were mentioned as existing on the following Saturday and Sunday , and he made that report on the representations of the medical gentlemen who had been sent there . But he had not seen Mr . Kite at all . Mr . Kite re-examined . —I have not noticed any ill effects from drinking the water . It is the same which I consume , and is procured from an Artesian well . I have noticed a peculiar smell . I do not know what the analysis was . Since the 29 th December we have used ^ exclusively the same water up to this period . I noticed the objectionable smell three days ago . It wa * water that had been in my room all night . I drink water myself every day . —The Coroner : Not exclusively , I suppose ? ( A laugh . ) I have never complained of the hoys '
bath-room , or have any reason to believe there is anything wrong in it . Mr . W . Home Popham , examined by the Coroner . —I am one of the parochial surgeons of St . Pancras , and at the request of the guardians , went to Tooting to attend some of the children on Friday , the 5 th , at ten o ' clock at night . [ Mr . Popham read a document which he had signed in reference to Mr . Grainger ' s report . Some contradictions appeared between the two reports as to the children sleeping five in one bed , and the state of the surgery . ] I have not come to a satisfactory opinion as to the outbreak of the cholera . I believe the overcrowding predisposed to it . Mr Grainger . —Were not the particulars respecting the condition of the surgery and dispensary in my report , given to me by Mr . Popham , and are they not correct ?
Mr . Popham admitted that they were . I found four in a bed in several beds , between twelve and one o ' clock on Saturday , 6 th January , and on that day they began to remove them into separate beds . There was no difficulty in getting medicines . I do not believe the disease to be contagious , and I do not believe it to be infectious . Mr . J . G . Bailey , one of the surgeons sent down by St . Pancras parish , said—In consequence of what . I have seen at Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , I believe the children were too closely crowded during an exciting cause in the atmosphere . Mr . R . B . Penny , surgeon , did not consider the disease to be contagious or infectious .
Patrick Sheese , aged 10 , of the Holborn Union , examined . —Could not say the whole of his catechism . Has a . mother living in the union . Knew Michael Harper , he slept with him at Mr . Drouet ' s , and two or three boys slept in the same bed . Michael Harper slept with him four or five weeks before he came to the Free Hospital . He was well . Twelve slept in the same room . There were four beds . Gcrmaine was the nurse . Boys used to clean the rooms ; one boy used to scrub one room and when they were small rooms , two or three . His mother came to see liim every three weeks . They used to go out for a walk , but as the authorities were afraid they would run away , sometimes they used to have the girls' clothes on . They were kept on three or four days , sometimes a week . The gentlemen from the Holborn Union used to ask them if they were well . If they spoke the truth , the people used to beat them in the house afterwards . John
Walsh was beaten for holding up his thumb . I got a pint of gruel and a slice ot bread for breakfast . I used to eat all I had for breakfast , dinner , and supper . I could eat double as much as I got . I only got as much as I could eat on Mondays . Sometimes I used to run into the hall and get some water out of the cans . "We had a slice of bread and half an ounce of cheese for supper . It was said the bi g boys' bread was quite four ounces . We did not feel that we had enough after we had our meals . We used to feel as hungry as we went in . I should not like to go back . —Coroner : If you were to go back , what would you like to have altered ? All the meals , sir . ( A laugh . ) I have enough to eat where I am now . The boys who were ill never said what it was that
they thought made them ill . —Coroner : The doctors have a difficulty in telling what is the cause of the cholera . What do you think is the cause r Not having enough to eat . William Derly , aged 8 , could not read . This witness and Emily Hungerford , aged 11 , had not enough to eat , and were afraid to complain for fear of being punished . Sometimes the bread would be mouldy . The girl Baynes was beaten for sayiri / r she had not enough to eat . Henry Hartshorn , agedH . —Has neither father nor mother living , and no brothers and sisters . Went from the Holborn Union Workhouse to Tooting . Was there one year and three months . Came back to the-Royal Free Hospital on Friday . Has been well ever since . I could always eat my bread . I had not enough . I could eat two more allowances . Sometimes the meat was not good . The meat was quite hard . Had bread and cheese for supper . i
. \ evema < i enough . Was always hungry . I sawthe gentlemen when they came down , and told them I had not enough to eat . Mr . W . Drouet said I was the ringleader of all the boys . Welsh was the boy who was beaten . Two were beaten after the guar dians went away . I said to the guardians ; in the presence of Mr . Drouet , I had not enough to eat Mr . Drouet said it was nqt a proper question to ask the children . Did not get more food m conse quence of complaining . I wanted more pudding , anCc of everything . Should not like to go back If I Savel ° oK " n ISh 0 U lS T for ™ re vic ^ Have not been ill , nor had any attack in my stomach or looseness m my bowels 7 I never sold w ^ fS ^ ^;^ ™ to ast and
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Mr K"E rccalled .--Ha < i not heard of any complaint of their wanti ng water . —Re-ex amined : Most bo ys comp lained o f their not having water . Emily HuXamiroRn recalled—Got water to drink from the t ?; ps . Sometimes they would take the pot away ind box their cars for it . Sometimes she used to give bread awav for water . John Welsh . ajTeil 1 * 4 , was one year at Tooting . Complained to the guardians of not having enough , to eat . Had held up his hand when the guardians asked if thev had notenough to eat , Drouet was present . Tlie schoolmaster flogged me , and said , "If vou tell the guardians I'll give you a lvtttft move to t cat " Did not lain to Drouet that Brown had
comp flogged him , because Mr . Drouet would have whacked him . The boys used to get a cap full of potato-peelings and sell them for a halfpenny . Could not net as much water as he wanted . If they complained that they wanted drink he whacked them all the same . The witness gave many other instances of ill-treatment . Sarah Skittletiiorp , aged 14 , said she knew all of the deceased . Was at Mr . Drouet ' s seven months . Never had sufficient to cat , but did not like to comp lain to the guardians . Had not enough to eat at any meal . It being now near six o ' clock the Coroner adiourned the further inquiry till Tuesday .
ADJOUKVEB ISQJJEST . The inquest on the four children who died in the Free Hospital , on being removed from Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , was resumed on Tuesday before Mr . Wakley , at the Glo ' be Tavern , Derby-street , Gray ' sinn-road . On information given by the foreman of the jury , John Saunders , tailor , and an inmate of the Union workhouse , who had charge of the children on Friday last , deposed that , after the examination , Mr . Drouet ( who , on being asked , said his name was Bartholomew Peter ) entered the tap-room where he was . He said to one of the children , " As for you , you lying young scoundrel , you'll be taken notice of before the * night is over . " That child's name is Henry Hartshorn . He was one of the witnesses who had just been under examination . He did not address any of the other children . I did not interfere , for Mr . Drouet went . away directly .
. The Oorossr , after censuring the conduct of Mr . Drouet , did not think it necessary to pursue the matter further . Sarah Sellers , an inmate of St . Pancras Workhouse , went to Drouet's establishment as nurse , and attended to the children for ten days . The ward was very dirty indeed . We cleaned it . We had two little boys of the establishment to assist us in taking away the slops , & c . Mr . Lovick , assistant surveyor to the Metropolitan Commissioners of Sewers , understood from the surveyor of hig hways that one of the ditches had been cleared out about a fortnight before . There was water running in it , but p arts contained stagnant mud .
Mr . Kite , surgeon , said he had seen the ditch or drain cleaned out twice during the two months he had been in the asylum . The last time was about a fortnight previous to tho 20 th of December . It was then done under the direction of the local sanitary committee . The first time it was done at Mr . Drouet ' s expense . Mr Lovick had no hesitation in . saying , that the state of the ditches there must have exercised a prejudicial effect upon the inmates of Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , at least , in certain winds . Mr . E . G . Livesat , a member of the sanitary committee , and master of a boarding school at Tooting , described the situation of the ditch . Where there was a rectangular turn there was a collection of
offensive matter . Was in the habit of calling that the cesspool of Tooting . Considers Tooting a healthy place . The children in Ids care had never been so healthy as within the last six months . William Porter examined . —I am a master shoemaker , and have resided in Mr . Drouet ' s establishment these ten years . I superintend the boys , drill them , & c . At the suggestion of Mr . Ballantine , Mr . Drouet here signedhis dietary table approved by the guardians , and handed it in . On being given to the witness , he said—I have seen the diet given to the children according to this table . The arrow root and flour mentioned for breakfast is usually thick- ^ -quite as thick as treacle . The meat weiched to them is
without bone . —By the Coroner : Were there any other persons who lived on exactly the same food as the children ? No ; not exactly . Others had the same meat , but they cooked it as they pleased . Neither were they limited to the gruel . There are no quantities mentioned for supper , but they have about the same quantity for supper as breakfastabout five ounces of bread at least for the larger boys . I cannot say the difference between that and what was given to the small boys , but there was a considerable difference in size . A four pound loaf was cut into thirteen pieces . Mr . Winch , a poor-law guardian , said he saw a loaf cut , and on counting tlie pieces , found sixteen . Witness . —I never knew a loaf to be cut into
sixteen pieces . I always cut the upper part into seven , and the other into six pieces . Sometimes a boy would complain of his bread being small , and as there was alway * some left in the tray , I would give him another slice upon seeing that it was so . The boys all appeared satisfied . I did not ask them , but they would complain if they were not . With regard to water , they could always get it whenever they wanted it . I never strapped a boy for asking to go outin a case of necessity , and never knew such a thing to have been done ift the school . The book referred to on a former day as containing the reports , of the visiting guardians of the several unions having children at the Tooting asylum , was here put in as evidence , and received . Mr . W . B . Whitfield , medical officer of the Holborn Union , deposed to the removal of the , children
from Tooting , and the death of several from cholera since their arrival . . " I attribute the outbreak of cholera at Tooting to the existence of a poison in the atmosphere , which I believe still exists in it . I attribute the spread and large amount of the disorder to several causes—first , excessive cold and the imperfect manner in which the children were protected from cold ; second , the overcrowding of the children and the want of proper ventilation ; of the third cause I cannot speak with certainty , but considering the tumid state of the abdomen and the weak state of the lower extremities of several children , it is possible that the diet was not sufficient to give them that strength which would have been neceasary to enable them to resist thosejprejudicial influences to which I refer . I think it probable they would not have died if they had been previously in abetter condition physicallv . "
Henry Withaia , registrar of births and deaths Mr Tooting , Graveny , and Streatham , had registered no deaths by cholera at Tooting , except those at Mr . Drouet's establishment . Mr . W . Marsden , one of the surgeons of the Royal Free Hospital , bore testimony to the emaciated state of the children , which he accounted for hy their having lived too much on fluids . He gave their complaint the name of the Tooting maladyit was not in his opinion the cholera , but a species of asphyxia , from overcrowding . He instanced the case of the black-hole at Calcutta , the Scotch case of the children in the corn-bin , and affirmed that carbonic acid gas would produce symptoms precisely similar to' those of cholera . The Royal
Maternity Hospital m Dublin received 7 , 700 children in four years ; and out of that number , 2 , 792 died of a disease similar to that of the Tooting children . An inquiry was instituted , and it was ascertained that the mortality had arisen from want of ventilation . '' On a change being made in that particular , the ' -mortality ceased . In the Grotto del Cane at Naples ; the mephitie vapour produces symptoms exactly like thosn of cholera . T do not think the external atmosphere had anything to do with it . The children -were breathing an atmosphere so mephitie , from the amount of carbonic acid gas , as to be almost deadly . Fir ally , I attribute the disorder , first , to improper diet ; secondly , insufficiency of clothing ; thirdly , low temperature ; and lastly , the
generally humid state of the atmosphere . These are predisposing causes , and the immediate cause was the poisonous atmosphere b' -cathed by the children . Dr . GiuKQV had made a post mortem examination of the bodies . The result was , his decided opinion that the deaths-had been caused by cholera . ' Several reports of the guardians were read , commendatory orthe food and cleanliness of the establishment . After the cholera broke out , warmer clothing and fires-were recommended . Kkzia Diamond re-examined . —The children were in a very bad state when they came to the union . Believe that their feet would have fallen off if they had not been
brought to town and cared for . They looked very pale-and thin . They have had wine porter , meat , and " rice pudding , since their return ' They don't look like-the same children . Mr . Grainger wished to make a statement in reply to something which had been said at the last meeting . At the former sitting , Mr . Kite was made tosay t \ at' / he did ' not know where Mr . GraK had got his information . " I now bee to st-vt * tl £ t I got it from Mr . Kite himself , M ^ nS cal officers . Ho had reported thirtv-eieht ease * nf diarrhoea on Mr . Kite ' s . authority bief Sf ! V h ? roi ltcrPOse ( I , and expressed his belief that- the misunderstanding arose from Mr thSSinf ndM , " - mtehavin S haSdm- erentScfin
Mr . Kite was called , and acknowledged the truth ot Mr . Grainger ' s statement . Mr . Grainger then read a report prepared by him w i u Avtbur Fam ' afc the desire of the Board of Health , as to the state of the pauper children since their return from Tooting . They had examined oW children , two-thirds of whom ha ' d the itch . The aspect of all was most unhealthy . They had visited Mr . Aubyn ' s establishment also , and had not found a single case of itch or sorehead among 530 children .
Other Witnesses were examined , when an adjournment took place , from five to seven o ' clock . At that hour , the Coroher proceeded to charge the
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jury . James Andrews . " ^ ^ j ^ children were sent to Mi-. Drouet ' sfror ^ ^ ij ] DOrn Union at a charge of 4 s . 6 d . pcv w ' ^ m \ h i , lCiuding every expense , fie did not ^ j . tuat any complaint ought to be made agatfist the guardians for the sum . In his opinion it wos a liberal sum ; but , whether liberal or ntfc Mj . . Drouet had no business to undertake to Maintain the children for that sum unless he was prepared to maintain them , and did his dutytowaius them . The guardians having entered into an engagement with Mr . Drouet , paid occasional visits to his establishment . One would suppose , from the reports which were entered on the . visitors books , that Argus himself had seen the establishment , and that eyes innumerable had been inspecting all that ~ . n .. i „ iMW «! .-. ,., . __ „ .,
was passing , within its precincts . There was nothing but approval , nothing but satisfaction . But it seemed they were content with uvvestigation which some might think superficial . Common sense might have indicated the propriety of calling the children into a private apartment , where the infants might feel they were not iii the power of any one connected with the establishment to hear what was passing . They mig ht have been asked , " Are you abused , flogged , or ill-treated by anybody ? " These were questions which one mig ht suppose that a guardian —called a guardian in law , but not seeming a guardian in fact—would put to an infant child , who was helpless and dependent in" an establishment like that of MrDrouet Unfortunatelyno such
examina-. . , tion was instituted . The first child died from cholera on the 30 th December , but no official notice was communicated tothe board till Wednesday , January 3 , whcnmanyhadbocn destroyed . That omission was an extraordinary fact in this case , but UP to this moment it remained unexplained . Parochial children , in point of law , were entitled to the same amount of protection as the children of the rich No intimation was conveyed tothe guardians of what was transpiring in Surrey Hall until 3 rd January . Parties could only bo strictly responsible m one case by a verdict of murder ; in the other , by a verdict of manslaughter . It was his conviction that the guardians were not legally responsible . He absolved the board from moral responsibility , hut not
the visitors . There were other parties , and it was necessary they should be noticed . These were the Poor Law Commissioners , the Assistant-Commissioner , Mr . Hall—there was Mr . Kite , and Mr . Drouet , the proprietor of the institution . In 183 * . the Poor Laws were changed , and a Commission was appointed , which was to set everything right . The Commissioners were empowered to make regulations to enable them to annul any contract with the houses which took children as often as they should have occasion . " Mr . Drouet ' s establishment had not really been under the superintendence and control of the Commissioners . Mr . Hall had visited the institution as a kind of amateur traveller . He stated in his evidence that he firml y believed the
Commissioners had the power of preventing any parish from sending their children to such an establishment . The Commissioners had acted as the law empowered them to act , and he held that , on this occasion , they were absolved from legal responsibility . Who was the next party ? Mr . Hall , a gentleman of high character , who acted under the authority of the Commissioners . Mr . Hall paid his visits and reported , and saw little or nothing wrong in the establishment . It was unfortunate lor children that there should be this ill-defined arrangement as to those who were to carry into effect tlie operation of the law . He held that Mr . Hall was absolved from legal responsibility , but he did not think he could be complimented for the manner in
which he had discharged his duty . It was clear that he never intimated what was of importance in reference to Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . Air . Kite , the surgeon of Mr . Drouet ' s establishment , had been there two months at the time of the outbreak of the cholera . He ( the Coroner ) was anxious to know on what conditions he had entered the establishment , and Mr . Kite summed up all by saying that he considered it his duty to attend to the sick . All that Mr . Kite apparently had to do was to prescribe for those who were sick . He had no Knowledge of the circumstances under . ' which water was given to the children , or that they had not a free supply at all hours . Was Mr . Kite , then , responsible at law ? It was his ( the
Coroner ' s ) conviction that he was not responsible . There was one other party , then , to be named , and that was Mr Drouet , who entered into a long contract to feed , clothe , and lodge the children from the Holborn Union . Mr Drouet voluntarily entered into this arrangement with the board of guardians . He held that if it should appear that the life of any child had been lost from what had occurred at the establishment , Mr . Drouet was responsible . Mr . Drouet was bound by his engagement to adequately clothe , adequately feed , and adequately lodge those children . A dietary was furnished by Mr Drouet . 3 fr . White was satisfied with this dietary table . On looking at Mr . White , he ( the Coroner ) would have said , if there was a surgeon in London whom he
would have selected to mnKe out a dietary table , he would have selected that man . But wag this a system to , be endured in the hospitable land of Old England , that children ' s stomachs were to be estimated b y the ounce ? It was a shocking , an odious , an abominable system , and it was an abomination to tho eharetei' of thi « country that such a thing should ever have been endured . Infant pauper children , dependent on the guardians , had an inefficient diet . What were the results ? Early disease and early and lasting decreptitude . He had one prescription for the treatment of these children , which was to give them at least twice a day a bellyful of good food . The doling out bread in ounces , and hearing them say they could eat more , was
disgusting . Ho now came to what had been deemed the cause of death in this case . J . Andrews died 16 hours after he returned from Mr . Drouet ' s establishment . The jury had heard evidence from a great variety of medical gentlemen . With one exception , all had agreed that the disease of which the children died was Asiatic cholera . The great question was whether the life of the individual was lost owing to what occurred in Mr . Drouet ' s , or from causes over which he ; had no control . Much had been said about drains and ditches , so that wc might almost believe that this beautiful land had become a great cesspool . This had become almost a species of cant . It had been said that a dunghill should be immediately removed ; that it was danirerous to
health . Where was it accumulated b y the farmer ? Directly before his door . And where did they see the finest specimens of Englishmen and women ? In the farm-houses of the country . The jury had had beftflpjhem the registrar of the district , and he had stated that not another death from cholera had occurred at Tooting . Another witness never met with such a healthy place . The jury were bound to give due weight as to the exciting causes of the death of J . Andrews , and they must determine whether it occurred from circumstances over which Mr . Drouet had control , or from circumstances which were beyond his power . As to the post mortem examination the uniform appearance was striking , and all were led to believe that spasmodic or malignant cholera
was the cause of death , and all admitted that the predisposing cause was the overcrowding of children together in the establishment . The evidence of insufficient nourishment was very strong . As to the accommodation in Mr . Drouet s establishment no person who had heard the evidence could believe they had sufficient room . The beds were six inches apart ; thevewcrethree orfourinabed . In reference to the evidence of the children their manner indicated that they spoke the truth ; the jury would not forget how uniform was their statement as to the insufficiency of diet . The evidence as to the health of the children was uniformly that it was in a bad state . This indicated great neglect , and the responsibility lay with Mr . Drouet and no one else . In tornier | times it happened that whw <> an individual by neglect or insufficient food caused the death cf another , he was guilty of murder ; if a caoler rave
a person insufficient food , he was guilty . of murder ; if an individual killed another by any act of his it was manslaughter . In the case of James Andrews , they must not fasten on an individual that which belonged toasystem , but if they believed that , owing to neglect , the children had lost their lives thev should be equally firm in their verdict . ' The jury retired about half-past nine o ' clock , and on their return , m about an hour , the foreman read the following verdict : t } , r £ b nf % jUry im P anelled to inquire touching the death of James Andrews , unanimousl y agree to the following verdict , which ig , that Peter DiSuet is £ Uh mans Wer , ^ d that the guardtans o he Holborn union have acted most negligently in visits to his establishment ,. and we regret thatfh ^ Poor-law Act js insufficient for the purposes fo ? £ t lt « " { axled , and hope the . tffiKS far uistant when the necessity for such establishments
aS rpr Dl ' ouet ' s will entirel y cease . '' The Cobootr : I should flinch from my duty if I were to refrain from expressing my opinion that your verdict is strictly just , and that , if I had been a juryman , my verdict would have been the same . Foreman : The opinion of the jury is unanimous that Mr Winch has done his duty , so far as lay in his power , in bringing this case before us . The coroner then ordered the arrest of Mr Drouet , but upon being informed that he had left the room two hours previous to the verdict being given , the coroner issued his warrant for his apprehension . At the Bail . Court on Wednesday , before Mr Justice Erie , Mr Ballantine applied for a rule to show case why Mr Drouet , the proprietor of the infant pauper , establishment at Tooting , against whom the coroner ' s jury had on Tuesday , returned a verdict of Manslaughter , should not be admitted to bail
Mr Justice Enus said the proper course would bo for the depositions to be officiall y brought before fSm tS % ' £ or co , ' ?" lt 2 n £ with . the registrar SffiSS ?? T °% ' - said hc did ^ ^ "nk the aflidavit stated su . fh . aent facts to induce him to grant thoapplication of the learned counsel . At a later period of the day Mr . Ballantine put in a more extend affidavit , upon which , his lordship
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granted a rule absolute for a certiorari to bring up p the depositions , and a rule nisi to show cause why f Mv . Drouet should not be admitted to bail ., Mi .. Ballantine said it would be more convenient ^ . for Mr . . Drouet to come up on Saturday than on Jmday , as 3 he had orig inally suggested . INQUEST AT ISLINGTON . This inquiry was resumed on Tuesday , when the 5 vestry clerk , Mr Oldcrshaw , deposed that the parish , l had no written agreement with Mr . Drouet relative j to the diet or general treatment of the pauper chll- drcn sent from Islington to Tooting . INQUEST AT HACKNEY . This inquest was resumed on Tuesday ( before Mr . , Baker , when , after the examination of Mr Older- . shaw , the vestry clerk of St . Mary s Islington , the i inquiry was again adjourned . „ ,.., „*» , i n ,. „!« .. hsnlnrfi for a , certiorari to bring u |
Mvm$S &T
mvm $ s & t
Corn. Fmdat Jan. 19th.—Tlie Arrivals Are...
CORN . Fmdat Jan . 19 th . —Tlie arrivals are good of foreign i wheat and Irish oats , but of English or other grain there w i ot much reported . Wheat has a slow sale this morning ; t Monday ' s prices . Only the finest sorts of barley sell ; ; other kinds are neglected . Oats meet a very lmuted de- . " masKpLakb , Monday , Jan . 22 . - The show of wheat sam > " pies from Essex and Kent this morning was moderate , but ; we had good arrivals from the Continent during the past ; week . English sold pretty readily , and free foreign wheat ; in retail to-day at last Monday ' s prices ; but buyers gene * . raUy are holding off for the 1 st February . In flour but little doing . FineKimples of English malting barley are scarce and wanted , and grinding and distilling qualities , both of English and Foreign , sold fuhy as dear . Beans and peas dull . We had a large arrival of Irish oats , but few of English or Foreign . The trade was slow at Cd . per qr . reduction upon - last Monday's quotations . Bonded oats sold pretty freely without alteration , in value . Rye dull * In tares very little doing . Linseed and cakes dull . Red eloverseed meets with a sale at from 37 s to 38 s for good , and 40 s per cwt , fur fine new French , and for white rather
more inquiry . „ ...... Wednesday ; Jan . 24 . —The supplies of gram fresh in this week are but trifling but the quantity in granary is large . However , every article is held very fu'ttuy , . 'IS wc are looking for buyers presenting themselves from various parts , to the extent of soon dimiuislung the accumulation , BREAD . Tlie prices of wheateh bread in the metropolis arc from 71 d to 8 d ; of household ditto , 5 Jd to 7 d per * n > s loaf .
CATTLE . FiunAY , Jan . 19 th . —The supply of beasts was small , quite adequate , however , to the demand . The mild weather and the glutted state of the dead markets caused a very slow trade here , at a reduction of fully 2 d . per 81 bs . The number of sheep was rather larger than on Friday last , but still small ; prices remained about the same as on Monday . There were a few more calves on offer ; choice ones maintained late quotations ; but few inferior were a little lower , with a slow trade , The weather was ajpinsfc the sale of pigs , but there was very little alteration io
prices . SsimiFiELD , Monday , Jan . 22 . — There was exhibited for sale in to-day ' s market a very limited supply of foreign stock . As has been the case for some weeks past , tbe beasts were in a very inferior condition , and the quality of the sheep and calves was indifferent . All breeds were a slow sale , but wc have no actual decline to notice in the quotations . The primest Scots were in moderate request , at Friday ' s decline in the currencies of 2 d per 8 lbs . — the rates of that description of stock varying from 3 $ ^ lOd to Is per 81 bs . Alt other breeds of beasts were dull in the extreme , and the late faU in value was with difficulty supported . The whole of the beasts were not disposed of . Notwithstanding there was a further somewhat considerable decline in the numbers of sheep , we have no improvement to report in the mutton trade . The best old downs may be considered steady , at prices equal to those paid on this day se ' nnight . All other kinds of sheep were in moderate request , at last week ' s quotations . Most of the sheep were disposed of . In calves—the supply of which was small —comparatively little business was doing , at late rates . The pork trade was in a very sluggish state , at barely stationary
prices . Price per stone of 81 bs . ( sinking the offal ) lleef .. 3 b Oil to 4 s Od \ Veal .. 8 s 6 d to 4 s 6 * Mutton .. 8 4 .. 4 10 | Pork .. 3 6 .. 4 8 Per Slbs . by the carcase . Newgate and Leadenhall , Monday , Jan . 22 . —Inferior beef , 2 s 6 d to 2 s 8 d ; middling ditto , 2 s lOd to 3 s ; prime large , 3 s 2 d to 3 s 4 d ; prime small , 3 s 4 d to 3 s 6 d ; large pork , 3 s Od to 3 s 8 d ; inferior mutton , 2 s 6 d to 3 s 2 d ; middling ditto , 3 s 4 d to 3 s lOd ; prime ditto , 4 s to 4 s 4 d ; real , 3 s 4 d to 4 s Id ; small pork , 3 s lOd to 4 s fid .
PROVISIONS . Lokdok , Monday . —With large supplies of produce from Ireland and the United States , our markets in the past week ruled dun . In Irish and foreign butter the transactions were few and unimportant . Prices for each the turn cheaper . Irish bacon sold slowly , to minor extent , and prices declined Is to 2 s per cwt . Of bole and tierce middles the same may be reported . Hams 4 s to 6 s per cwt . lower in price , and no increase in the demand . In lard no material change . American-singed bacon and scalded , boneless , long middles attracted attention ; the quality flavour , cut , and cure being much superior to that of last
season , and sold rather freely , at Is to 2 s per cwt . decline . Cheese , January 22 . —The trade is dull , except for very fine , of which scarcely any can be had ; the middling sorts sell badly . Cheshire , 54 s to C 2 s , fine 70 s to 74 s , Chedder , 60 s to 74 s , Derby , 53 s to 6 Gs , double Gloster , 50 s to 60 s , superfine , 61 b to 65 s , thin Gloster , 50 s to 56 s , thin "Wilts , 38 s to 47 s , loaf 60 s to 70 s , American , 40 s to 50 s , Edams , 38 s to 42 , Gonda , 32 s to 38 s , Derby Gonda , 40 s to 42 s . « English Bctter , Jan . 22 . —Our trade continues in the same depressed state , and the bulk of stock in casks here is almost unsaleable , the quality being very inferior , and weather all against sale of such .
VEG ETABLES . Covent Gardes . —The supply of pine-apples continues to be sufficient for the demand . Hothouse grapes are scarce . Foreign ones tolerably well supplied . Pears chiefly consist Beurre Ranee , Easter Beui-e , Xe Plus Meuris , ' and 01 * Colmar . _ Apples are not over plentiful . Nuts in general are sufficient for tlie demand . Oranges and lemons are plentiful . Amongst vegetables , carrots , and turnips are abundant and good ; cauliflowers , broccoli , < fcc ., sufficient for the demand .. Asparagus , French beans , rhubarb , and seakale , are plentiful . France , Belgium , and HoUand still contribute considerably to tlie stock of potatoes .
POTATOES . Southwark , "Waterside . — From the prevalenee of southerly winds , our market has been sparingl y supplied the last fortnight , which has caused a large quantity of warehoused potatoes to be cleared away . The following are tliis day ' s quotations : - Yorksliire Regents , 100 s to 140 s ; Newcastle and Stockton , ditto , 90 s to 100 s Scotch ditto , 90 s to 120 s ; ditto cups , 70 s to 90 s ; ditto whites , 60 s to 80 s ; French ditto , 80 s to 110 s ; Belgian ditto , 80 s to 90 s : Dutch ditto . 50 s to 70 s .
STATE OF TRADE . . Manchester , TuEsiUY . -There has been more animation m our market this day , and for India especiaUy more business has been transacted . There has been a good deal of inquiry for yams and cloths suitable for that market . The continental trade , is quite as good as could be expected , there being a very fair demand for most goods Suited tO Ul . 1 market . 1 rices are quite as firm as they have been for some time past , and in some departments rather higher rates have been obtained . The Indian news is considered as favourable , and has given a decided impetus to trade , and large orders have been received for Buenos Ayres , Mexico and other places , and swh is the confidence in the pre ' sent improved state , of tilings that manufacturers arenur " chasing new machinery to enable them to execute their in " creasing orders-a circumstance that has not existed in this district for some tune past .
WOOL . London , Monday , Jan . 22 .-The imports of Wool into Loudon are increasing , and this will , perhaps , keep down prices , which as the manufacturers contend , have unduW advanced lately . Ihe tanners , among others , are said to be asking too much , aud already Wool is ' considered ^ a be ten per cent . higher ¦ than it was a month or two back tK next sale of Colonial will determine tins , and certain ] : v we think caution advisable . ' < - < -rwmiy « e
Deaths. We Regret To Record The Deaui Of...
DEATHS . We regret to record the deaUi of William John Plavtere WiBonson , Esq ., of Exeter , formerly Mayor rfiffi * and representative of the Devonsliire ChartisU i « v £ % y ' ventio „ ofl 8 i 8 . We had the honour SffifaJ nVKa " honal Convention with Mr . Wilkinson , and dined with w ™ Jdraost daUy . We found him open and manrr ^« a soul imbued with the truest kwXr ^ kS ^ K stinacy of the Russell ministry , the falsehoods of oStata public , journalists ,, and the unguarded expressions ^* hungry and enthusiastic men , almost forced the EnrfiQh aiUttar , and tho English pojnAuon into coUUio " m 7 wff kuison rose m Ins place in the Convention , and ' sk ) A , vritli all the majesty of a man who was true to himself- - " If the giving up of my life , the shedding of my blood , would appease either the government or thl people , and nrevlnr uub ollision
c , i would gladly die . " This was no moclc expressionof high-sounding bombast ; his " words were thmga ¦>• and our departed friend was too honectfto Shrink from what he said , in tlie hour of peril . On tlie moS l RV ^ ° , fAl , rin , et 1 OOkMs Place on « M ofthe ° K scats in the arge van that headed the Kennlngton ComwaTTSuT ^ thOU ^ , he - ^ others ™ cS iiame . was ; previously informed that he was "a marked man . " m ^ T " 1 ^ ^ t deceaS € d P act ' s family-thoec among whom he lived and moved , and who every day enjoyed the benign influence of his chastened and elevated mma—the loss must ever be irreparable , " He was—words fail to say what— . Think what a man should be—he was that !" Correspondent . Mr . Robert Cadell , of Edinburgh , who for the last thirty
y * ai'S held a very prominent situation as bookseller and publisher , but chiefly in connexion with the works of Sir . Walter Scott , died on the 20 th instant , at his seat near Edinburgh . Mr . Cadell married the daughter of the late Mr . Constable , and was . introduced into partnership with that gentleman shortly after the publication of Sir Walter ' s first poems . On hU first wife dying , Mr . Cadell SOmetimfe afterwards married Miss M ylne , who survives him Subs * qucntly he became sole publisher of Sir Walter Scott £ works j the profits on the sale of which , since 1829 have sterh " ug StmUtCd ^ leBS than a ^ rter ofammZ h , ^ i l 0 i ? . cal /^ has T ( *« Kly B"staincd a serious low htt m ? ^ v- lrjchard ' tllc ™ thor of " EuVhel mto the Physical History of Man . " the Na turStorvof M ?"* and many other Ethnological works y The ; Swiss historian , John Gaspavd Orelli , died latriv ar Zurich aged sixty-two . The deceased took an acth « X ™ m the liberation of Greece . K 8 n actn e share Of cholera , at Glasgow , Professor Thorn enn «» . i filled the Natural Pnfusoph y Chair in SSSS ^ lffi
Two Roman Catholic Bishops have died within ti , „ few days : Dr . Maginn , Bishop of Derrv in n ,. w "i ^ Bishop of Cloyne and Ross . * ' Ud Dl * WaIsh > - M . d'VJssel . former pace of Louis TV t ; =.. *„ .. « , of the 6 th regiment of dracoon ^ n 17 < u L'eutonai » t-ColoneI of the Empire bv Ka otloi ^ died „ ^"" i * ™"" ? ' inst , in tlieW ye « W age at * la > at ' ° ' the 15 tlt
Printed By William Rider, Of No. 5, Macclesfield-Street 111 The Liamsli Nf &T Anno \V„,.....: . _^ .. :" ? Lr * !Er »-
Printed by WILLIAM RIDER , of No . 5 , Macclesfield-street 111 the liamsli nf & t Anno \ v „ ,.....: . _^ .. : " ? * » -
Office, 16, Great Wimtailutrort, Haymw, ...
office , 16 , Great WimtailUtrort , HaymW , 1 „ a " «? ofWcstmuister . forthol ' ropiletor . FEARGrSO'CONWtt S ?" ofl & ^ Kf llshert by the Sirid Wlu " Rn > i at
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 27, 1849, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27011849/page/8/
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