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42 THE STAB OF FREEDOM. AfflHMt % 1851
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A Bonaparte in the American Army.—A prom...
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§«it;ra& Ipfeimthi,
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PUBLIC MEETINGS * &c. PUBLIC FUNERAL OF ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Protection To Women. "He?He Treatment Of...
Dhbinarion . What many separate men did badly ; what many jeseparate small combinations did a little better , a gigantic 3 oeombinatioh does best of all , or at least has the power to do if if it will , and that is the point we are aiming at . We have seselected the railroad as the most patent example , but everywhere , on land or water , in the factory and the mill , the same ^ principle applies .
Isolation is weakness—combination is strength . All large [ nmasses are powerless perhaps in exact proportion to their awurnbers , so long as each man moves without reference to , or noiot in accordance with the will of liis neighbours . They are pqmwerful precisely in the ratio of their unity of purpose and tithe adaption of each individual to the other . This is the
sesecret of success of all large Co-operations—of railroad companies , dock companies , ^ steam-boat companies , and trading jccompanies . It is the cause why an army is superior to a nmob . It is the main-spring of such large organizations as 3 iour Post-office department ; and on a knowledge of , and mil adoption in practice of , this truth , the many , must rest ththeir social progress .
Surely there is enough here—enough of the actual and ^ practical and tangible to give us Faith in the principle upon Rwhieh it all rests , without which it never could have been . IThere it is , power creating things , and do not let it be forgotten that just now it is only of power we are speaking . We bhaye not touched upon the morality , or the Christianity , or the charity of the great bodies who are transforming the face Mf the earth , and covering the waters—we have not alluded tto their intentions , but only to their strength , and the sources
frrom which they draw it . The individuals composing them cmay be the most selfish of men , seeking not the good of their fekind , but simply what appears to them their own benefit . IThey may place that not in human happiness or advancement , Ibut in cent per cent , or parliamentary or commercial inflit-Eenee . They may set a greater value upon low working expenses than upon high morality . They may regard traffic reiturns as far more important than life itself . Probably they do ,
fbnt that is not the question . The enquiry we have to make iis what gives them the power to do either good Or evil , and ithe plain answer rising out of the facts is , that they are assoi dated together for a common purpose . Weak and strong , poor and rich , great and small , they have each put something of strength , and wealth , and name , arid so aggregated a power , greater far than an individual or a few coidd have aspired to .
It is a good thing to learn , even from our enemies . We ¦ want power , they have got it . From their practical teaching we may gather instruction . We think those who disclaim the desire for power are simply either knaves or fools . Fools , if their disclaimer is a true one ; for without power we can do nothing . Knaves , if they deny in order to deceive . In one shape or another power to help the many , and power for the many , is the aim of all true political and social Reformers . With power men may do evil as some do , it is true ; but it is
equally true that without it none can do good . Our justification for the wish for it then , if it need a justification , is that we mean to do good ; and that the great masses desire to do good too , to the great majority of men which they themselves make up . However , the possession of power is one thing , arid its use or abuse another . We must get it first , in order to apply it afterwards as we best may ; and the getting it is the nail we are trying to hit on the head . The way to get it
is shown us by the commercial world . When individuals unite into firms , and firms aggregate into large companies , they do so with a well-defined , and calculated purpose , to arrive at greater power . That is the lesson we have to learn —that is the instruction we have , to better—that is the example we have to copy . They have proved that the means are successful by their result—the best of all proofs ; arid we must go and do likewise .
But we may be told that for great capatalists , or even wealthy men , to unite for such purposes is one thing , for poor men to do so is another . That in fact there is a great difference between the two cases . We grant it at once , but it is only a difference in degree . Each man has a certain portion of power , and whatever it is , real union increases it . So with the poor equally with the rich . A ton is but a ton ; whether it be made up of grains or hundred weights , it is to the full as heavy one way as the other . Ten men with ten
thousand pounds each , which they can spare ior a given undertaking , are not better than a hundred thousand with a pound a piece to devote to it ; perhaps , indeed , if rightly managed , not so good . Some day we will try to illustrate the superior efficacy of little things in their millions over great things in their tens , but to do so now woidd make this chapter too long . The practical conclusion we have to draw is , that no man who has anything—never mind how little—to spare , can help , and that we may make up for our individual weakness bv our aggregate strength .
But not only that , great capitalists when they unite for great works , do not depend only upon their own contributions . They make what they have security , and use it as the means of getting what they have not . They go into the world of money and credit and raise loans which increase their capability . Ay , but the doubter will say , that world is shut against combinations of the poor . Allow that it is so—have not the poor the means of doing something in that way for
themselves ? We think they have . If we are right they hav 3 immense resources which they not only do not use for themselves , hut are suffering others to use against them . Out of them they can now , if they will , create a vast system of credit and then they will possess the true basis of association , production , $ stabution , and banking , the foundation of the present'Stmcture of commerce . What these resources are we shall next week proceed to show .
42 The Stab Of Freedom. Afflhmt % 1851
42 THE STAB OF FREEDOM . AfflHMt % 1851
A Bonaparte In The American Army.—A Prom...
A Bonaparte in the American Army . —A promotion of 43 cadets of the Military Academy at West-point has just taken place in the United States' army . We remark among the number the name of the cadet Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte , who was No . 11 in his class at the time of the examination , and who is appointed to the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen . He is the grandson of Jerome Bonaparte , brother of the Emperor Napoleon , ex-King of Westphalia , and now president of the French Senate .
§«It;Ra& Ipfeimthi,
§« it ; ra & Ipfeimthi ,
Public Meetings * &C. Public Funeral Of ...
PUBLIC MEETINGS * & c . PUBLIC FUNERAL OF ALBERT DARASZ , A POLISH EXILE . International , Democratic , and Fraternal Demonstration . Democracy has just suffered another loss , on the eve , too , of a supreme struggle , when she needed the united efforts of all her children . Nevertheless , let us admire the power of his steadfast faith . The funeral demonstration , and the mourning for a man so devoted to the cause , was an act of international fraternity . On the 19 th of the present month , expired in the rigours of a double , exile , Albert Darasz , member of the Polish Democratic Centralisation , and the representative of his beloved Poland in the Central European Committee . At 11 o ' clock on the morning of Sunday the 22 d , there was collected in the street in the neighbourhood of Euston-square in which he had lived , a dense crowd of people , who , by the dignity of their grief , attracted the attention of the passers by , and caused a considerable agitation in that ordinarily quiet neighbourhood . These were the exiles for freedom of the nations , gathered around their respective banners , to render a last homage to one of the most meritorious of the meritorious sons of Poland , and one of the founders of the European Committee .
The members of the Committee themselves , Ledru Rollin , Mazzini , and Bratiano had come to accompany their colleague to his last resting-place . Citizen Gogg , president of the German Refugee Committee , occupied amongst them the place of Citizen Arnold Ruge , whose absence was occasioned by a sudden indisposition at Brighton . Generals Kmethy , Perczel , WukowieZ ) and "Tally , and the venerable Bishop of Waitzen , Hyaient Ronay , were amongst . the Hungarians . The democrats , Julian Harney , sditor of the " Star op Freedom , " James Watson , and Richard Moore , were present , and with them the elite of the British capital , representing the England of the future .
The cortege departed for Highgate Cemetry at half-past twelve . The hearse , simple , like the habits of the exiles , ancl surmounted , instead of the ordinary plumes , with the sword and Polish cap of the deceased , was followed by Dr . Paul Darasz , Citizen Worcell , his colleague in the centralization next came a carriage for those who could not walk . Then followed the members of the Central European Committee , united in the same regret and the same faith in the future of
humanity . The French exiles followed five abreast , having borne before them a red banner , surmounted by crape , and bearing the inscription , " Republique democratique et sociale . " Then came the Italians , proudly bearing the tri-coloured emblem of their henceforth inseparable unity . The Germans formed the third group , and the Poles , the countrymen of tho departed , bearing their national banner , with the white eagle , brought up the rear .
It was two o ' clock when the procession reached the Cemetry . When the burial service had been read , the Polish , Italian , and French flags floating over the mortal remains of the deceased , -Stanislas Worcell , his colleague in the Polish Centralization , his friend and companion in exile , delivered , in French , the following speech : — Albert Darasz is no more ! The member of the European Central Committee — the representative in its midst of the Polish Democratic Centralization—the ardent , courageous and indefatigable defender of the democratic thought in Polandand
, of the national thought in Europe—the proscribed of two despotisms , and the victim of his fidelity to the post to which duty had called him—is no more ! And , looking around , we see representatives of different nationalities , but all representatives of one same humanitarian cause , and of identical principles united in one sentiment of common grief . Ah ! to me , his friend and his colleague—to me , his companion in exile—to me , his brother and his country excepted—his loss has been greatest ; but to the grief which you all feel , add that which is now felt for Poland , deprived in him of the most devoted , the most faithful of her
sons . Ah , Poland ! towards him a mother , prodigal of thy gifts , and that love of his native land which makes of thy sons so many heroes and martyrs—Poland , the object of all his _ affections , the only end of his aspirations and of his efforts , which he once more embraced before losing you for ever , when , in 1848 , he for an instant touched thy soil , and , like Moses ' saw the promised land only to return to the arid solitudes of exile ! Poland has one more name to add to her long list of martyrs ; for I repeat , with the confidence of an inseparable witness of his last years , and the intimate confidant of his
patriotic inspirations , if he has died far from her and will rest beneath the soil of a strange land , he has never desired to live but for her , and has refused to prolong his existence at the expense of his duties to which , in the name of Poland , his companions in exile had called him . Citizens ! look around you ! behold the re-action everywhere triumphant , — discouragement taking possession of men ' s souls—masses rushing beyond the seas , impelled by hunger , attracted by gold , —by greater personal liberty , or hy a healthier climate . Well , there , in Australia , or in Malta , Corfu , or Nice , was to be found for our friend health
and the sources of life . For eighteen months professional men told him that change of climate alone could save him ; but where was his duty fixed ? It was here he could influence Poland by representing her interests and wishes in the council of the peoples of the future ; it was here that he had proposed and concluded the pact of that great alliance , and where , with a firm hand in the eyes of Poland , he could keep afloat the banner of Democracy ; and so it was here he remained looking death in the face , and succumbed at last , after a long illness , but without recoiling for an instant before it . Yes , brothers S Darasz has died upright . aud unshaken . Upright is the standard that he has . plarited and maintained . You are now gathered around
him from all the corners of Europe . Hear -the lesson his example leaves us . His life was the incarnation of a single thought , that of his country regenerated On the new basis of social democracy . Its recital will be simple . Bor a at Varsovia in 1808 , he was but twentv-two years of age when 1830 came and the country lived again , though but for an instant . * or three years he had studied the law in the university of his native town , but his country called him , and he charged himself with the musket of a soldier . Joining one of the regiments of the elite of our . army , he took part in all our great battles , and , after a few months , was made officer , only to commence a new series of struggles in a long and painful career of exile , the epaulette still formed a new species of aristocracy
Public Meetings * &C. Public Funeral Of ...
but the natural feeling of his heart and a deep study of his country ' s history , had impressed Darasz with the principle oi : equality , arid he placed himself at the side of the soldiers arid the people , declaring war a outrance—a war , which , with him ceased only with his life , to all privilege , to all despotism , pr ^ at once became the idol of our progressive youth ; the terror and the antipathy of all the partizans of the old prejudices . Thus he had enemies , many enemies , whose calumnies were for him so many passports to the gratitude of the Polish people . Members of all the councils elected by the despots to which he
appertained , secretary of the greater part of them , he soon joined the secret societies which spread the idea of social progress in France , and when the light came from beneath the bushel , aud the Polish democracy appeared under the only pog . sible form of a party of the future in our emigration ; he entered its ranks ancl identified himself with it so that he no longer lived but with its life , —no longer lived but for it , according to its noble device , " By the Democratic Society for Poland , and by Poland for Humanity . " The influence which Darasz exercised soon spread , became generally known aud
appreciated , and when , in 1834 , the Democratic Society commenced the work of its re-organisation and definitive constitution at Poicte ' urs , he was called upon to take part in one of its first acting committees , instituted under the name of " Centralization . " The denunciations of the press of our oppressors make it needless for me to recount its history which was henceforth the history of Albert Darasz . Suffice it to say , that when the Centralization took upon itself the direction of the journal the Demohrata Polshi , which soon penetrated into the most obscure corners of Poland , and shook society to its foundations , the
editorship was confided to Darasz , and when , by his re-election to the Central Committee , he was compelled to give up the editorship , he never ceased to direct it , to inspire it , and enrich it with his contributions , which the Polish emigration soon iearried to know by their clearness of language , their logical style , and implacable reasoning . At length the propaganda of the Centralization bore fruit ; from all parts of " Europe came demands for aid in a movement becoming irresistible . The Centralization hastened to join the patriots of the country , and confided to Darasz the task of hastening in France tiie
men entrusted with the preparations . The Insurrectional Committees had reserved for him one of the most important posts in the revolutionary organisation of Poland , when the arrests of the chiefs of the Grand Duchy of Posen , and the massacre of the patriots in Galicia retarded a revolution , a single episode Of which—the insurrection of Cracovia in 184 ( 5 , — sufficed to awaken the revolutionary spirit in Europe , and appeared as the aurora of the revolution of February , which broke out at Paris exactly two years afterwards . They were the members of the Polish Committees formed in France in
1848 , who , in 1848 , occupied the chairs of the Provisional Government , formed the ministry , and took the command of the National Guard . Darasz went to shake them by the hand , to salute in them the founders of the European Republic , then hastily re-organised the departure for Poland of the Polish columns , which no power on earth could longer retain , and departed Once more to touch his mother earth ; but , alas ! only to witness at Posen , as at Cracovia , new and cruel deceptions . Entrusted by the National Committee of the latter Republic , with an important mission to France , he had scarcely reached the frontiers , when Cracovia was bombarded and its committee
driven anew into exile . A new era , alas ! was opened for tlie Polish emigration , and Darasz returned to his painful labours with all the ardour of his indomitable courage . Thanks to his activity , the Demohrata Polski , which had disappeared for some months , re-appeared ; the Democratic Society was formed anew , re-elected the members of the Centralization , maintained Albert Darasz therein , and actively continued its labours , when the re-action in ; France , triumphant by the elections for the Legislative , & o . profited by the purely French demonstration of June , 1849 , in favour of the Italian cause , to expel from France all the members of the Polish Centralization then in Paris . It
was then began that long struggle for our friend , which has ended in the tomb now open at our feet . Two countries were then open to us . Belgium and England ; but the latter was thenceforth to become the last refuge of the proscribed of all nations ; already it had some of the most notable , and offered a neutral ground for their mutual alliance ; and , notwithstanding the disadvantage of living in a country of whose language he was then ignorant , and whose climate he feared , it was it he chose . The difficulties which confront us here are great , and if We overcome these it will be to the fecundity of his resources , to the activity of his mind , to his perseverance and to his courage , that we will owe them . The Democratic Societv
disorganised for an instant and reconstituted . The Demohrata Polski , fallen in France , under the rigour of the re-action , reappeared in Belgium . The Polish Democratic Society was about to be submitted to the iron yoke of the state of seige in France , when the pact of the holy alliance of the peoples was concluded in England , and if he to whose efforts all these effects are due died at the task , the representatives of all the nations working in union here , show how just and great was the object to which he has not immolated himself in vain . Thanks , then , generous friends , thanks in the name of Poland , his mother , for the
testimony that , by your presence , you are come to render to the moral and political valour of our friend and to the holiness of a national cause , which inspires such devotion and a perseverance as firm in the agony of personal sufferings , as in the sight of the glorious gibbet of Wiszniowski or the holy tortures of Konarski * or of Siberia . Thanks- ; to you all our brothers of France , of Italy , Germany , and England , from the shores of the Danube and the Theiss , who , by your union , constitute the vanguard of the peoples soon to be victorious , and will change the procession to the tomb of a Pole into a triumphal march of the Poland of the future . This act of international fraternity
which we renew on the grave of its founders , is the purest incense which , could mount from this land of exile to his soul , thirsting for country and liberty . And you , my ' sorrowful countrymen , —you , the rivals in devotion of him we weep together , carry with you in your labours the privations d exile life , in the efforts and struggles of your political apostlcship , which the encouragement the example of he who is no more j furnishes . No , my brothers ! to die for our country and humanity , is never to die in vain . The last moments of otur friend were sweetened : by the news brought by his brother and
the companion of his apostolic labours in our country , concern - ing the disposition , of the Polish people . That good and patriotic people he leaves in the approaching realisation ot these celestial decrees , waits with impatience the signal to obey them , the pikes , the axes , the muskets of the disarmed e nemy in hand . The universal disgust felt for the most ignoble oi despotisms mounts like a spring tide and threatens to overthrow it : To you then is the future ; to Poland triump h . thenceforth the assured of humanity . Then look towards \ tw future , and away from the grave of our friend ; and since thoi * sands have fallen at our sides , close our ranks and forwar d .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 28, 1852, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28081852/page/10/
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