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M«w 28,1852. THE STAB OF FBEEDGM. 47
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GARDENING CALENDAR. Kitchek Garden.—Pota...
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SCIENCE AND ART. Gigantic Telescope at W...
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———>^ STATISTICS OF THE WEEK. BIRTHS AND...
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WORKING TAILORS' ASSOCIATION, 68, WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD, LAMBETH.
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THE STAR 01 MtEEDOM
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Published every Saturday. Terms (Cash in...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
M«W 28,1852. The Stab Of Fbeedgm. 47
M « w 28 , 1852 . THE STAB OF FBEEDGM . 47
Gardening Calendar. Kitchek Garden.—Pota...
GARDENING CALENDAR . Kitchek Garden . —Potatoes on wet soils should he taken up wherever the haulm is decayed , to prevent the sound ones from rotting . Where the tops show any appearance of vitality the crop may remain for a time , to stand the chance of becoming better ripened . Store the sound part of the crop in small quantities in sheds , lofts , & c , to dry , hefore attempting to pit them ; for probably many will still turn diseased . In our neighbourhood they are all but a complete failure . If not sown , as advised last week , lose no time in getting in the spring Cauliflower , Lettuce , & c . A bed of Onions may
likewise be sown thickly , to stand the winter . A crop of dwarf French Beans should he soirn under a south wall , for the chance of a late supply ; and an empty Melon pity may be planted at the same time , keeping the sashes off till frosty nights come on . Prune off superfluous shoots from Tomatoes against Avails , that they may not shade the ripening fruit . The leading shoots may be pinched out when sufficient fruit is set , which will assist to ripen the crop . Chillies , in pots or frames , should bo kept free from greenfly ; a little manure water ' will keep those iu pots . Earth up Celery and Cardoons on dry days . The last crop of Peas will require sticking , and any appearance of mildew checked by dusting them with lime and sulphur .
Hakdy Fruit Garden . —To prolong the season ot * the more common hardy fruits , a selection of Gooseberries and Currants should be made , and matted , to protect them from birds , & c . A better way is to make rough frames large enough to cover one or more bushes , and cover with hexagonal netting . This will effectually exclude wasps and flies , which oftenfind their -way through mats ; and at the same time admits sufficient air to keep the fruit from damping . The top may be of rough boards , if thought desirable . — Gardeners' Chronicle .
Science And Art. Gigantic Telescope At W...
SCIENCE AND ART . Gigantic Telescope at Wandsworth Common-. —There is at present in course of construction on Wandsworth Common , a singular-looking structure consisting of a plain tower with a long tube slung by its side , surrounded by a woodden boarding to keep off intruders . This large tnqe encloses a new monster telescope on the achromatic principle in process of construction , under the superintendence of Mr . W . Gravatt , F . R . S ., for the Rev . Mr . Craig , vicar of Leamington . The site , consisting of two acres , has been liberally presented by Earl Spencer , in perpetuity , or so long as the telescope shall be maintained . The central tower ^ consisting of brick , is 64 feet in height , 15 feet in diameter , and weighs 220 tons . Every precaution has been taken in the construction of this building to prevent the slightest vibration , but , if any disappointment in this respect should arise ( which , however , Mr . Gravatt does not anticipate ) , additional weight can be obtained by loading the several floors , and the most ,-perfect steadiness will be thus ensured
By the side of this sustaining tower hangs the telescope . The length of the main tube , which is shaped somewhat like a cigar , is 76 feet , but with an eyepiece at the narrow end , and a dewcap at the other , the total length in use will be S 3 feet . The design of the dewcap is to prevent obscuration by the condensation of moisture , which takes place during the night , when the instrument is most in use . Its exterior is of bright metal , the interior is painted black . The focal distance will vary from 76 to 85 feet . The tube at its greatest circumference measures 13 feet , and this part is about 24 ieet from the object-glass . The determination of this point was the result of repeated experiments , and minute and careful calculations . It was essential to the object in view that there should not be the slightest vibration in the instrument . Mr . Gravatt , reasoning from analogy , applied the principle of harmonic progression to the perfecting of an instrument for extending the ranee of vision , and thus aiding astronomic research . By his improvements
the vibration at one end of the tube is neutralised by that at the other , and hie result is that the utmost steadiness and precision is attained . The ironwork of tlie tube was manufactured by Messrs . Eennie , under the direction of Mr . Gravatt , The object-glasses are also of English manufacture . The manner in which these object-glasses are fitted into the tube is a marvel of artistic invention . By means of 12 screws , numbered according to the hours of the day , they can be set in an instant to any angle the observer may require , by his merely calling out the number of the screw to be touched . The object-glasses also move round in grooves to wherever it may be considered that a more distinct view can be gained . The tube rests upon a light wooden , framework , with iron wheels attached , and is fitted to a circular iron railway at a distance of 52 feet from the centre of the tower . The chain by which it is lowered is capable of sustaining a weight of 13 tons , though the weight of tlie tube is only three . Notwithstanding the immense size of the instru ment , the machinery is such that it can move either in azimuth , or up to an altitude of SO degrees , with as much ease and rapidity as an ordinary
telescope , and , from the nature of the mechanical arrangements , with far greater certainty as to results . The slightest force applied to tlie wheel on the iron rail causes the instrument to move horizontally round the central tower , while a wheel at tlie right hand of the observer , by a beautiful adaptation of mechanical powers , enables him to elevate or depress the object-glass with the greatest precision and facility . So easy , in fact , is the control over the instrument in this respect , that a very slight touch on the wheel lifts 10 cwt . It mav be obsesved also , that there cannot be the slightest flexure in the tube ; no error or deflexion arising from that cause can occur , while the ease with which it can be directed towards any point of the heavens will enable the observer to make profitable use of any patch of clear sky however transient it may be . The great value of this need not be pointed out to those accustomed to making astronomical observations . With respect to the magnifying power of this novel instrument , it is only necessary to state that though tlie focus is not so perfect as it will he shortly , it has already separated the nebula ? in the same way as Lord Rosse's . It has also separated some of the double stars of the Great Bear , and shown distinctly a clear
distance of fifty or sixty degrees between them , witn several otner stars occupving the intervening space . Ordinary readers will better understand the extraordinary magnifying power of the telescope Arben we inform them that bv it a quarter-inch letter can he read at the distance of half-a-mile . " Scientific Balloon Ascent . —In a letter to the Atiuamum , Mr . Welsh gives the following account of the recent scientific balloon ascent : —The weather on Tuesday , the day fixed for tha first ascent , was as good as could he hoped for in the midst of so much variety as we have lately had . The inflation of Mr . Green ' s great Nassau balloon having been accomplished , from the Vauxhall Gasworks , the ascent took place about ten minutes before four pan , with wonderfully few instrumental casualties , considering the great oscillation of the car previous to starting , from the action of the wind on the balloon . We rose steadily , and continued rising until about thirteen minutes before five p . m ,: when the barometer indicated that we were about 7
19 . 500 feet above the earth : the temperature , which was about 72 . V anxha ' ll , having fallen to 7 ' , or through 65 of Fahrenheit ' s scale . From the earth , die sky seemed about three-quarters covered with clouds . The first stratum of clouds we passed very soon after leaving the earth , at the height of about half a mile : the second seemed about two and a half miles high : but tlie highest cirrcstratus clouds were still above us at our greatest elevation , although apparently not very far . Near the highest point of our course , small star-shaped crystals of snow of perhaps one-twenty-nfthor onethirtieth of an inch in leneth were seen falling ( possibly their appearance was due to the rise of the balloon ) . Observations of the thermometer , hygrometer , and barometer were taken at very short intervals during the ascent , and during the first portion of tlie descent , until it became necessary to provide for the safety of the instruments . Specimens of the air at diiferent elevations were taken for analysis . The descent was accomplished with much ease , at about twenty-five . minutes past five p . m .: and the balloon was in
secured , with little trouble , nearthe village of Swavesey , Cambridgeshire , about sixtv miles north of London . This distance was passed over in about an hour and a half : showing that an immense mass of air was moving very rapidly from the south . At the elevation to which we attained no personal inconvenience of any moment was experienced ; I only perceived a slight oppression about the ears and temnles , but no difficulty iu breathing . Mr . Nieklin perceived , besides , a veryslight difficulty in breathing before reaching the greatest height , hut the feeling went quickly off , even before we began bi descend . So slight was any inconvenience which we experienced from the rarity of the air , that it did not in the least interfere with our regular work of observing and recording . The coid would , of course , have become disagreeable had we continued long in it . This first voyage should be considered chiefly as a preliminary and educational one . The results obtained from this first attempt are "doubtless of much value ; but we are in hopes that by some alterations in our mode of procedure a greater amount of instruction may 3 e derived from subsequent voyages . "
The Electric Time-Ball in the Strand . —After the satisfactory completion of the requisite arrangements which had been for some time pending between the Electric Telegraph Company and the Astronomer Royal at Greenwich , Mr . Edwin Clark , the company's engineer , had intrusted to him the construction of the 'ingenious apparatus for the development of the electric telegraph system , as applied . to the regulation of time on a plan for distributing and correcting meau Greenwich time in Loudon and at all the principal ports throughout the united kingdom every day at one o ' clock . The ball that has recently been raised on a pole upon the dome of the Electric Telegraph Company ' s west-end station , No . 44 S , Strand , opposite Hungerford-market ( similar to the hall which surmounts the Royal Observatory at Greenwich ) , which is a remarkable object of attraction to all persons to t
passing to and from the west-end he city , is now completed . It is about 6 feet high and 16 feet in circumference , made of zinc , and painted of a bright red colour , so that it may he the more clearly discerned at a distance , and can with ease accommodate three persons in the interior . It has a broad white belt round it , thus having the appearance of a " great globe . " and at tlie extremity of the shaft is a cross , or bright gilded weather-vane , with the four uoinis , N . S . E . W ., and below the arms of the Electric Telegraph Company " with their initials , ' ' E . T . GV All difficulties have been overcome , and ' the experiments have been made with the most complete success , the hall or globe dropping by the electric action simultaneously with the one at the top of the Royal Observatory precisely at 1 o ' clock p . m ., both tails-being , iu fact , liberated by the same hand , it will communicate the standard time of
Science And Art. Gigantic Telescope At W...
Greenwich and London , by the different lines of railway , to all tlie principal ports of the united kingdom and Scotland ou the sanuj principle , as arrangements have been made to make it one of the most complete improvements of the present day , not only as regards tlie time for regulating chronometers on board vessels , but the chief public clock ? of the metropolis and from one end of the country to the other . An electric dial is now being completed in the midway opposite the office in the Strand which separates the crossings ; the dial and electric apparatus will show forth the hour , minutes , & c , both day aud night , to . the public , which avIII be a great convenience , especially to the omnibuses , cabs , & s . Since the above Avas written , we learn that the arrangements , for transmitting the Greenwich time are uoav in practical operation on the South Eastern Railway . ¦ * -
Wool . from the Vegetabl IviNGDOii . T-Thc name of vegetable wool has been applied to a fibrous material which the ingenuity of M . Pannewitz has succeeded in extracting from leaves of the fir . A . jnanpjfactory of this material has for sometime past existed near Breslau , in Silesia , in a district termed the " Prairie of Humboldt . " The species of pine there operated upon is thepinus sylveslris , or wild pine ; but it would seem that every member of the fir and pine tribe might bd turned to similar aqooimt , Coverlets , blankets , and other articles made of vegetable avqoI ha / yc long been employed in Austria , Vienna especially , in some of the charitable institutions . 'The materials are warm , durable , and agreeable to the eye ;• moreover they enjoy the excellent quality of preserving a certain balsamic and \ rftther agreeable smell , which nevertheless is so inimical to insects that they never harbour in it . Antiquarian Researches . —The . Earl of Burlington has acceded to an application from several antiquaries for permission to excavate Avithin the walls , of the old castle of Pevensey , in Sussex-rthe Aud . eri . da of the Romans , and the prison of the poet-king of Scotland , the earlier and the better James the First . .. . .... The New Crystal Palace , —Mr . Oavcu Jones and Mr . Digby Wyatt have set out on au artistic tour lhrough France , Italy , and Germany , for the purpose of collecting illustrations of architecture qiud ; # ? ulpture , tite histories of which arts are to be represented by ancient and modern specimens ' in the New Crystal Palace under the directions of the genttemen in question .
———>^ Statistics Of The Week. Births And...
———>^ STATISTICS OF THE WEEK . BIRTHS AND DEATHS IN THE METROPOLIS . Last week , the births of 850 boys and 789 girls , ip all , 1639 . children , were registered in London . The average number in seven corresponding weeks of the years 1845-51 was 1306 . The health of London is still depressed by the prevailing epidemic , and 1 , 084 deaths have been registered in the third Aveek of August . In the coeresponding \ veek 2 , 456 of the inhabitants died three years ago ; while In other ' years the deaths ranged from 842 to 1 , 057 , and Avere , after correcting for increase of population , 1013 on an average . Two hundred and eight deaths were referred . to diarrhoea , and IS to
cholera , 581 males and 503 females , —606 children under the age of 15 , 316 men and women under , and 162 above , tlie age of 6 . 0—died in London in the week from all causes , out of about 2 , 420 , 000 living . This mortality is much below that experienced in the . other large cities of the world ; but the untimely age at death , as well as a . comparison with other places in England , sIioavs that in this city there is still a great waste of life , health , and energy , which may be saved by draining London , and by other hygienic arrangements . While cholera is in Warsaw , those measures , should be carried out which experience has shown cannot be attempted Avheu . the epidemic is in London .
Insolvency . —A return to the House of Lords just printed states that the number of cases heard before the commissioners of insolvency on circuit in 1841 was 3832- ; in 1842 , 2955 ; in 1843 , 2533 ; in 1844 , 1715 ; in 1845 , 598 ; in 1846 , 650 ; and in 1847 , 566 . Public Baths and Washhouses .---The return for the quarter ending Midsummer , 1852 , shows that there Avere 214 , 369 bathers and 44 , 502 washers at the six Establishments in London during the quarter , the receipts being £ 3509 3 s . lid ., being an increase of £ 1443 7 * s . 10 d . oyer the preceding quarter of this year . Sentences of Death . —According to a legal journal of Berlin , the sentences of death in proportion to the population have , during the last five years been as one to 250 , 000 in England ; one to 200 , 000 in Ireland ; one to 200 , 000 in Bavaria ; one to 72 , 000 in SAveden ; one to 70 , 000 in Prussia ; and one to 120 , 000 in Spain .
The United States Abmy . —The army of the United States at present numbers 10 , 120 . ; commissioned officers , 896 , non-commissioned officers and privates , 9 , 233 . The number of buglers employed is 60 , and the number , of musicians , 258 . The head-quarters of the army are in Washington . The number of commissioned officers in the militia is 74 , 982 ; and of non-commissioned officers , musicians , and privates , 2 , 105 , 524 , making a total of 2 , 180 , 486 fighting men . European Races in the United States . —Proportions of the different races forming the population of the United States in 1850 : — Anglo-Saxons ... 11 , 000 , 000
Lowland Scotch ,. ... ... 700 , 000 Scotch and Anglo-Saxon Irish ... j 1 , 500 , 000 ' Celtic Irish 2 , 000 , 000 Welch 300 , 000 German ,. 2 , 000 , 000 Dutch 800 , 000 French ( including Huguenots ) 1 , 000 , 000 Danes and Nonvegians 100 , 000 Swedes .... 100 , 000 Swiss 50 , 000 Spaniards , Italians , Jews , & c 100 , 000 Total whites ... 19 , 650 , 000 Africans , slaves , and free ... 3-000 , 000 Total 23 , 250 , 000
Working Tailors' Association, 68, Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth.
WORKING TAILORS' ASSOCIATION , 68 , WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD , LAMBETH .
Ad01507
TRUSTEES . LOBD GODEEICH , . | A . A . VAJfSITTART , ESQ . As working men organized for the management and execution of out ? own business , Ave appeal with great confidence to our fellow-working men for their hearty support . We ask that support in the plain words of plain men , without the usual shopkeeping tricks and falsehoods . We do so because avc knoAv that we offer an opportunity for the exercise of a sound economy , but we make our appeal more particularly because we believe that every honest artisan in supporting us irill feel that he is performing a duty to the men
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MATRIMONIAL ALLIANCE ASSOCIATION . Legally Established 1849 . Hea d Office , London , Lincoln ' s Inn Field Chambers , and 2 , Portsmouthstroet , Lincoln ' s Inn Fields— Branch Offices , LivcmgoL Manchester , Bristol , York , and Aberdeen .
Ad01510
To me WiUimwl CAPITALISTS MAY , BY COMBINATION , \ J prevent a Poor Man from obtaining the highest value for ' his Labour , but Capital can never prevent a Poor Man buying his goods iu the cheapest market ^ -Audat , BENEWi > -K and Company's , SVajidgO Cheapside the Working Classes may be supplied with everything necessary to furnish an eight-roomed house for five pounds , and every article warranted of the best quality aud workmanship . The following is the list of articles-r- 8 . d . HallLamp , 10 s . 6 d . ; U : nbrc-i ! a Stand , 4 s . 6 d . 15 o Bronzed Diuing-rooni Fend ^ .. i f .. d htandrrds - - - 5 6
Ad01508
© OTiiM mnmi smmi MATIONAL GIFT EMIGRATION -L * SOCIETY . TO AUSTRALIA , OR ANY OTHER PART OF THE WORLD . ' Many can help one , where one cannot help many . ' Office , 13 , Tottenham-court ( thirteen doors from Tottenham-court-road ) , New-road , St . Pancras , London . The late gold discoveries in Australia , aud the great want of labour ex perienced in both the agricultural and commercial districts consequent on that fact , calling loudly for au extension of the means of emigration , it is proposed that a number of A \ 'orking men should associate together , and , by the gifts of OSE SHILLING- EACH , A certain number should be enabled without expense to themselves to
The Star 01 Mteedom
THE STAR 01 MtEEDOM
Published Every Saturday. Terms (Cash In...
Published every Saturday . Terms ( Cash in advance ) : — Per Year , 19 s . 4 d . ; Half Year , 9 s . 8 d . ; Quarter , 4 s . lOd . ; Single Copies , 4 £ d . 4 s an Advertising medium the Star of Freedom ajhrds a siwe and wide-snread channel of publicity among all classes . !
Scale of Charges for Advertisements . Six Lines , As . j Ten Lines , 6 $ . 1 Insertion * 9 . Insertions . 4 Insertions . 13 Insertions Fiftem Lines £ 0 7 s . 6 c ? . -- £ 0 l ^ . ' -l £ \ fa -- £ 3 10 s . Twenty Mo ' 0 10 0 -- 0 16 -- 1 10 --4 0 Tkirli / ditto 0 12 0 -- 1 0 -- 1 15 --4 10 Quarter of a Column 10 0 -- 110 -- 2 . 10 --5 5 Whole Column 3 15 0 -- S 0 -- 6 0 - - - 10 .. 0 Half a Column 3 0 0 -- 5 0 -- 7 10 --15 Q
Each Advertiser mppliedivith a copy of tha Paper . containing his Advertisement The First Edition of the Stab of Freedom is Published on Friday at Three o ' clock , and is immediately circulated extensively throughout the Country The Second Edition , containing all the latest information , 19 FuWisliett at Tavo o ' clock , on Saturday . OFFICE , 183 , FLEET STREET .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 28, 1852, page 15, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28081852/page/15/
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