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« THE NORTHERN. STAR,:... ,_ _ __.._ Auw...
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WOKTA.NT TO WORKING MtN UNlit.it iOK.il YEARS OF AGE.
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conoiictcu itus line oi rail Experiments ox the Loxdos axd Crovoox Atuosriiiiiiic Lixe or Railway.—A series of private
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experiments have wen on - way, for the p...
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THE NORTHERN STAK SATURDAY, AUGUST 30,1845.
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THE DUNFERMLINE " RIOTS." CALL FOE "MORE...
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TIIE HARVEST, AND THE CB&1PS. DuinNG the...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
« The Northern. Star,:... ,_ _ __.._ Auw...
« THE NORTHERN . STAR ,:... , _ _ __ .. _ AuwHII , , Wfe ,
Wokta.Nt To Working Mtn Unlit.It Iok.Il Years Of Age.
WOKTA . NT TO WORKING MtN UNlit . it iOK . il YEARS OF AGE .
Ad00408
XaokH ^ t V . e h . t- ^ - ^ . - < f voursaves and families ; hasten mid join . " ' ¦ - < . ; /¦ ju ' riskhig uisthitiion , the " United Ptxtriub' H- r- r .: . yjatt-j , " enrolled and empowered b y ^ 3 ' rt of Pt'At- ' w-fit to extend over the United King-¦ eEcen . T HE Sorit * y is < - •« a new , yet correct principle , and is ihe only JiL-r . c-H- .-Society fejwKsoi with the privilege of estabHsUi > 5 icjijcbvs . appvhithig sub-secretaries , haring salw » aiinittt- « ,. i ; o . L-wk around at the numerous unenxoUed societies i : i i ; : rticular , ever breaking up , and men , after bring k . ' .. jWs from twenty to forty years , who liare looked io .-tvsr . -i in the hopes of having a something GfeesaptraajH-. ti- . * money vj keep starvation from their doors , bting < -ii : - ^ ludeio the tender mercies of a Poor Law Basilic , ltew-ml-cr , in the midst of life you are in iexsh , that yuu ku « v not what an hour mar bring forth ; then , working ¦ - . < - .. join this Society , make it trt- ' y a national one , t- uuuibtr not only thousands but millions . -Quite , cause it •» « rtvwi throughout the ? ength and ftrezdth of iK- k-j . i . The government of the Society is mifte hands at « s- members , every branch being empouiced by i .-. c i-: ;' es to manage its own local afiairs . The Society is ia sour divisions for its members to reoeiraaecordinir U . theirpavmeats thefollowimr benefits : — £ s . d . £ s . d . Iu Sickness per vt-tkfrem ... 0 9 0 to 0 38 0 Death of Member 10 0 0 to 20 0 0 Beafli of Wi & or nominee ... 3 0 0 to 10 0 0 Wife ' s Lying-in 1 0 0 to 2 0 0 . less by Fire 10 0 O to 15 0 0 Siqiesannuation v . r week ... 0 4 0 to 0 6 0 Gbntrihutiojj ; - par calendar ) month f =-r -Sickness : ad > 0 1 4 to 0 2 7 5 Ianagen !< -n :. j Iteries acciiiuiui - to the demands on each division per quarter . ^ Eatfance aci-j *< i * ng to a-ce , from two shillings and e % b £ pencc to r , i : n- -JiiL'ings and twopence . Weekly Meethii - at lha London Society House , Brown Bear Tavern , . Ki-. jr . d-strect , Bioonisburjr , every Tuesday ereKznjr , at ligh : o > lock . Persons can e * aoll at ihe Society House any day by payiag the enoiinc- money . The following !* a Est or the Branches , Names of the Snl ^ Secretariei , i'laces ofifc-etiiig , and Counties situated in a £ preseut , f « ns : qg- limbs of this growing and gigantic Soewty , where i >? re . nis can b :.- entered any time by the Sub-Seeretarie . s at their residence , or at the . Branch Booses : — Atfeerstone , * V .: i-. rickskire , Holly Bush Inn , long-SiceeC ; Bnb . SeiTeU . ry , W . Smith , Bingham ' s-row . Aidiester , Warwickshire , Globe Inn ; Sub-Secretary , " W . Sgooner , Xei-di-. 'inaKer . Bristol , Souttt-sosiiire , Glasshouse Tavern , Avon-Stree £ ; St . Phillip '* and Cannon Tavern , Cannon-street , SC James ; Su'i- ^ eretary , S . Jacobs , Bookseller , 18 , - Dfpp « -Sau < Uni-si :-.-.-t , St . MichaelV-hill . Batli , . Somcrs- ; - ; :. irc , Grapes Tavern , Westgate-street ; Sab-Secretary , "V . i ' mm- 17 . PhiUin-street . ( Bun-ham , Bu . -ks . Sun luu ; Sub-Secretary , B , Brittain , € halvey . " J HIszdfdrd . Dorset , T . Saunders , Jan ., Upholsterer , , SaEsSniry-strcel . ' ., Bndmree , £ ,= ? e \ . Temperance Coffee House ; Sub- ' Secasiary , T . Raudfc . ' C » Sgeshall , Es- ^ -x , Chappell lnn ; Sub-Secretary , J . Barrows , Upper * : <> iithaui-5 trcet . DareEtry , Sorrli :: iupto : isliire , Lion and Lamb Inn , . Harfctt-place ; . * iu : ^ Secrctary , G . ' Ask-Kcll , Cabiuet- 'maker , ' Gearjre-street . ' " Hilstead , Esses , White Horse Inn , Parsonage-lane ; aoh-SecreUry , li . Tajce , Silk-vorker , Tau-yard . * HisSgeriey , Bucks , One l'in luu ; Sub-Secretary , J . Base . 5 urwieli , Norf «/ ik , Coffee and Eating Rooms , Princes-Street ; Sab-Se ( . T . . -u > ry , li . House , Fellmon » ers' Anns- . jfarif . Oak-street , J-uilartin ' s . " Knilieo , London , Builders' Anns , V . -inxsall-hridgeroad : Sub-Secretary , T . Sawyers , Bookseller , 11 , St . S liexBusrd-street , Iiriirravc-road . ^ Reading , Berks , ' . Vooljack Inn , Broad-street ; Sub- Secreiiiry , G . W . WJ-eelcr , SO , Coky-street . SSusgh , Bucks , lUin DeerIua ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brit- J tdn . Bricklayer , t' / ndrey . SmUmry , Sun ' " : ' .- , Horn Inn , Xorth-street ; Sub-Se- " crete ; , W . Outiw ^ . Tva dealer , Xorth-strect , ci SlcaSeld , Yorkshire , Three Cranes Inn , Queen-street ; & xb-S « rretary , G . 'fall , S , Corn-hill . Sorth Ockcndon , Essex , Old King ' s Hea « l Inn , High- F street ; Sub-Sccreinry , IV . G . Iforocastle , Commercial Academy , ¦ ffs £ iington , Somersetshire , King ' s Arms Inn , High-Streec ^ Snb-Seereiary , V . Bowenuan , Bootmaker , Rockweltg-neen . WeSingboroagh , Jforthamptonshire , Cross Keys Inn , Hfehvstreet ; Sub-S « retary , c . Knight , Gardener , East End .. a > WErasor , BerkA Crispins' Inn , Thames-street ; Sub- T Secrsniry , W . S . Ifcucock , Cr . rpenter , Love-lane . 1 Hiffi Wycomtw , Hucks , Bell Inn , Canall ; Sub-Se- u oefcirj ,-James C ' laj'inan , Temple End . P ¦ Wunblcdnn , S < mvy , Castle Inn , Church-street ; Sub- o Seerrttary , E . J . Iloliey , Painter , Ivy-piace . W < a . haston , nenr Halesworth , Suffolk , Compasses Inn ; Snb-S « rrctary , Thosaas PuuneU , Academy , opposite the etxmSi . ' A Bhesk forms aud information for the admission of country members .-an be obtained by applying to the "j Suh-Socretaries at iheir residences , or at the branch J houses . Information for forming branches , appointing j Snb-Sueretaries , &¦ «• -, can be obtained liy letter , pre-paid , „ enclosing postage si-nnji for return letter , or three postage g stamps for form , Ac , direcfed to D . W . fluffy , General f , Secrefery , Lon & w . OlSee , 13 , Totteunatn-court , A \ w s zOad- 'St . Pancra . s . . , I I f 1 f r s I ¦ I a in in an m of
Ad00409
EffP & STAST TO HEALTHY MEX FROM FORTY TO FIFTY-FIVE YEARS OF AGE . The . Soiled Fairiarchi Benefit Society , including Medical Attendance and Medicine . Enrolled and Jbsfiowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the Gi & ed Kingdom . TIES want of a Society of this nature must be evident 6 o « very person who may have neglected providing against the calamities of life hi tlieir youth . It is in Four Uivis-isns , after the uiauuer of the United Patriots ' , taring the same Hem fits , except that of Lyiu <; s-in . This Society is Established at the same London Oflit-e , and at tbe s & 2 ns Country Houses in the same towns . It also has Hie scale Officers for its Agents , ic . The Contributions are on . the same -cule per lunar niwUb . Blank forms and in & imatiau for the admission ol' country members can be o & tained at aat umc by applying to the Aguits , < fcc , at thstn-cesidences , or at the meeting houses . Al ; o information tor fonnins Walities , appointing Agents , Medical Attexdants , & c , can be obtained by letter , pre-paid , endbsbEg-postage stamps for return letter , or three postage Stamps for form , & e . Direct , Mr . D . W . EufiV . London Office , So . 13 , Toitenham-court , Xew-road , St . Pancras .
Ad00410
CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . A PUBLIC MEET 1 XG of all the SHAREHOLDERS in the London district trill !> - held at the South London . £ IalL Webber-street , Blackfriars-road , ou Sunday evening , August 51 st . to revise the present Rules , and to Iiear . a liej-ort from the Secretary of the present state of the Society . A Public Meeting will alfo Ve held in the Can » . euters' Hall , Manchester , on the same evening , for tiie same object . Tiiosus MiETis WnrrXEB , Secretary .
Ad00411
FAXKL 1 DASOX IRON WORKS . rpSIE LARGEST STOCK IX EUROPE . —FCRXISHX iSG UIQSXOSGEKY , Stoves , Grates Kilchen Eattges , Fenders , Fire-irons , best SheSeW l'inte , omnjnemtal Iron and ' . " ire Work , Garden Engines , Rollers & c ., Japan Tea Trays . Baths , & e . —PAXKUBAXOX * t 03 C WORK *? , adjoii : i 5 .-gMadame Tusiaud ' s , 3 S , Baker-Str .-iit , Porunau-SQuare . X ; S . —Every article is marked in plain figures at the oirc . 'it cash prices .
Ad00412
LESSOXS IX MILLINERY AXD DRESSMAKING . MAT « A 3 IB GALI . IOS . « . Xew Bond-street , continues V . er supertor method of teaching the art of Dress-Xakisng . She undertakes to make persons of the smallest capacity profick-ut in Cutting , Fitting , and Exe- 'uting , in the . -. most finished style , in Six l . cs . * or . s . for One Pound Her -SGp ? rior method can be fully substantiated by re-¦ fereoee ? to pupils , and has never been equalled by a : ij cei-Ggn-titc-r . ; Hf Practice hours from eleven till four .
Ad00413
E 1 GI 1 T , VENTILATING . FLEXIBLE VELVET HATS , 13 s . PXRKIXG'S Patent Vetstilariug , Flexible Hats may be -obtained iu Beaver , Silk , raid Velvet , from Ss . Gd . to 2 Is .. ; en upwards of one hundred different shapes , to suit contour . Also the bo = t Livery Hats at 18 s . ; Youths' and Ctaislcisen ' s Hats aud Caps of every description . —CECIL Hl'ESE , S 5 , Strand , and 251 , Regent-street . CSr Gjpy the address , and buy where you can bo well nso . J .
Ad00414
T S 1 E variable state of Die WEATHER h . ts produced the numerous cases of low fever and debility existin-j . Jit present , and is a sure indication of habitual costivenews , -caused generally by wast ofenre- in attending to the sta - a « f the Ci ^ eslivo visceral organs . The only real renacdy iu suds cases is LOU ! " EUlOX'S APEUIEXT pjrxs , which hare I « -e : i the mrs :: s of positive cure to raaurr l ! ionsa ? . ds ; they are pccaliarly adapted for persons of lb-y . li s « ws who arc of fedeatary habits , they are pni ' coni « eti by the nobility and gentry , aud are the mildest awi ; = M > stf : Bcac ! 0 ! iSR : eil «* ise evlsnr . SoUiu hox ? s at Is . I | li- ^ s . 3 d ., and is . Cd ., hy Mv .-srs . l ) arehiy and Co ., S-3 , Farrin ^ don-strei-t ; Sutton and C ; ., 10 . Bow Church-yard ; Kc-vlniry , 43 , and Edward ? , G 5 . St . Paul ' s : Sanger , 150 , Ox * K > r 0-slrwt : and by all rtfj'et-taWe Druggists and Mediciui-i Veni ' . trsin the kingdom : asid wholesale at 1-3 , Great St .. "Thwaas Apostle . London . ¦ T £ ST 1 M ? SUX TO loSD IlUf . x ' s Plil / S . *» . —I J ' - * - * scVjecti-a i . i a careful eiu-mical analysts tfcv-- Fills pr-jcrod by yon , aud ih . d them to consist of aV-T . v .: ;! t > u : safe ajvrivnts -iiiJhtut at : y mcm-ii-i ! prejuK-utse :: whatever . Yours , £ : c , A . rr . R , M . li .. F . R . S . JS , -CharierJi--itKi ; , redSiru-sqatuv , I , wk ' v ..: > ,
Ad00415
COLOSSEUM . .. PATROXTSED and visited by her Jfost Gracious MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEX DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to sis exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Parris , < fcc . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has built for kersctf in the regions of night , Is . extra . EVEXIXG EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new panorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising iGfiOO square feet , projected aud carried out by Mr . W . BradweM , and painted by Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illominaled , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Mr . BradwelL Admission at the door 5 s . each . Family tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to be had at the Xorth Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six ; and at all the principal Librar ? - < s and MusicscUers .
Ad00416
j 0 0 0 7 ! J , ., ' ' ! . ' ' " * : l . " ^ \ \ J " ! ci F a > T 1 " u P o I TO THE WORKING CLASSES . b IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . ' ' We are always gratified in noticing the laudable oxerlions of the industrious and provident among our fel . low-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from I themselves and families , as far as human foresightmay do , the calamities attendant upon an old ageofdestif tution , or a period of wearisome inactivity nud uselessncss , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture 1 to say , that up to the extreme limit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to 1 attain the object as the institution of securely based f and judiciously regulated Benefit Societies . Our attention was some time since called to the subject by the r proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under the title of 'THE ROYAL OAK BENEFIT s SOCIETY , * and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . I Martin ' s-lane . The advantages proposed to the mem . ! bers appear to be calculated upon a scale of liberality that requires and deserves extensive support . From 1 the result of our examination of their rules , and tbe satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious aud prudent man as highly deserving attention , whether viewed with lefereuce to its immediate or its prospective advantages . " — Weekly Chronicle , March , 1 S 38 . I ^ ELLOAY BRETHREN , look to your own interests , and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Society , THE ROYAL OAK , establisbed 1837 . The Com . mittee meet at the Mitre Tavern , G 8 , St . Martin's-lane , every Tuesday evening , at eight o'clock , for the admission of Members whose ages do not exceed thirty-six years , being in good health , and their income arising from their business or employment averaging 24 s . per week . The Society is enrolled by Act of Parliament , and is conducted upon au economical and secure principle . Alluaneeessary fines are abolished , and it allows the members to belong to any other society , a £ the same time being a member I of the Royal Oak . It uas paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested in the Bank of England , the interest of which produces the Society upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing in the country , however distant , are eligio'e for admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and transmitting it to the Secretary . Look around , and sec the number of Societies breaking up , when most needed , in consequence of tbe extra payments on a Quarterly Meeting being too heavy for a working man to meet on a sudden demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted principle of a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so that every member , however distant , is enabled to send by PosK ^ ffice Order the full amount of his Quarterly Subscriptiori . 'i The following are the Benefits of tbe Society : — --. / - £ s-TnSickness . pcrweek ... 0 18 Superannuation , ditto ... 0 i Funeral / Heath of a Member 20 0 " ) Thescbenefits money \ Death of Member ' s Wife 10 0 I arechnrgedas ' Wife's Lying-in 2 0 [ extrasin other Loss by Fire 35 0 J Societies . , Entrance Money only 8 s . Cd . under thirty-two years of age—5 s . under thirty-six . ' Lose no time in enrolling your names while in health ' and vigour { we know not what a day may bring forth ) , j The Rules may be seen ( gratis ) at the Society House , or i purchased , price Cd . each . Printed Forms and Prospectuses sent to any part of the country , free , by enclosing a postage stamp to the Secretary , H . Hiuiek , 17 , Cscil- ' court . St . Martin ' s-lane , Loudon .
Ad00417
A " j J j „ g f , s . , WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . Adjournment of the Midsummer Sessions for t / ie Trial of Felt . is , & c . NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that the Midsummer General Quarter Sessions of the Peace , for the West Riding of the County of York , will be holden hy adjournment , at Wakefield , on Wednesday , the Tenth day oi September next , at Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , and by further adjournment from thence will be holden at Sheffield , on Friday , the Twelfth day of the same month of September next , at Half-past Ten o ' clock in the Forenoon , for the Trial of Felons and Persons indicted for Misdemeanors , when all Jurors , Suitors , Persons who stand upon Recognizance , and others having business at the said Sessions , are required to attend the Court , Prosecutors and Witnesses in cases of Felony and Misdemeanor from the Wapentakes of Staincliffe and Eivcross , Claro , Ainsly , Agbrigg and Morley , Skyrack and Barkstonash , must attend the Sessions at Wakefield ; and those from the Wapentakes of Strafibrth and TickhiU , Osgoldcross and Staiucross , being the remainlier of the West Riding , must attend the Sessions at Sheiiicld . C . H . Elslev , Clerk of the Peace . Clerk of tbe Peace ' s Office . Wakefield , ISth August , 1845 .
Ad00418
JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Cd ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . now , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . t £ B" Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers .
Ad00419
PROSPECTES OF THE UNITED TRADES * ASSOCIATION for tbe Employment of Labour in Agriculture and Manufactures . Established , August 2 nd , 1845 . T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., President . Shares , £ 5 each ; to be paid l > . v Instalments of Threepence per week . The Trades and the Working Classes generally are informed that a Joint Stock Association , under the ahore title , has been organised by the late National Trades' Conference , for the purpose of raising sufficient funds for the Employment of Surplus Labour . These Funds will be applied to the Purchase or Rental of Lav . d , and the erection of Industrial Buildings for manufacturing jraTposeS . It is hoped by these arrangements to elevate and improve the condition of the Working Classes ; to put aside tbe necessity of Expensive Strikes ; to give security to property hy mitigating the hardships of poverty , and to increase , hy legal , moral , and peaceful menus , tbe general happiness and prosperity of society . Application for Shares , by Trades or Individuals , to be made to the Secretary , Mr . John Storey , at the Office of the Association , o' - > , Hyde-street , Bloomsburv , Ltndou ; to the Provincial Agents : orto thefollowing Directors : — Mr . Yt \ Kobson , Ladies' Shoemaker , V . I ' ., 14 , Richariiplace , Hasgerston-bridge , Loudon . Mr . A . Arch , Silk-hatter , 24 , Granby-street , Waterlooroad , Ltindon . Mr . R . Thompson , Printer , 1 , Little James-street , Gray ' s-inn-lane , Loudon . Mr . J . Storey , Ladies' Shoemaker , 5 , John-street , flanway-street . Oxford-street , London . M . J . T . t'hublett , Carpenter , . 3 , Howick-terrace , Vauxhall-bridge-road , Loudon . Mr . G . White , Wooicomber , Cross-street , Manchesterroad , Bradford , Yorkshire . Mr . Evans , Potter , Brunswick-street , Shelton , Staffordshire lVttcrics . Mr . Roberts , Packer , 3 , Salford-strect , Broughton-road , Salford , Manchester . ^ 55 * The Rules and Regulations of the Association ma \ be had at tbe Ofiice at 3 s . ( Id . per hundred . The Rules , & C , of tbfi Land and Trades' Associations may be hail stitched together , at 5 s . ( id . per hundred .
Conoiictcu Itus Line Oi Rail Experiments Ox The Loxdos Axd Crovoox Atuosriiiiiiic Lixe Or Railway.—A Series Of Private
conoiictcu itus line oi rail Experiments ox the Loxdos axd Crovoox Atuosriiiiiiic Lixe or Railway . —A series of private
Experiments Have Wen On - Way, For The P...
experiments have wen on - way , for the purpose of testing the powers of atmospheric propnlsian . and the most marked and decided success has attended ail the experiments that have been hitherto performed . The question as to the power of ascending inclines was completely set at rest by an experiment which may be regarded as an exfrtrimintum crudt . A train was brought to the foot of an incline of one in fifty , and stopped , so as to deprive it ? f any power it might have acquired from ihe impetus of its previous progression . It was then propelled by the atmosphere up tiie incline , ami that which maiiv of our most eminent engineers have declared aa ' impassibility was accomplished with the neatest case imaginable . Among other results that have been obtained , wo may mention that the five miles' lun : 4 h of tube has been exhausted in its whole extent , the barometer being at the time at 271 ,
and that the pisto-. i has traversed its whole length . , The experiments arc nut yet completed , hut , r . 3 far i as they Unve giinv . they demonstrate not only the jii-acticaiiiViiy but the supc riorily of the atffios ' meric I inside of p' -f-nulskw . The iva ' u was frvaueaily i-ro' peiied . « the rate of eiahiy miles aa kw >
Ad00421
CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY , f hereby directthat all monies payable to me , as treasurer to the Cbartist Co-operative Land Fund , must be transmittedas follows : —Either by Bank order or Post-office order , to the " care of Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., 340 Strand , London ; " and payable to me , "W , P . Roberts . " That is , that my signature shall be required to each order . This direction is plain . For instance , say that Edward Hobson , of Ashton , has £ 10 to transmit ; he is to transmit the same to Mr . O'Connor , by Bank letter or Post-office order , made payable to W . P . Roberts , that order I can sign when I go to London , or when a parcel of them are seat to me . The two only things required to secure the triumph of Labour ' s battle are , union among die working classes , and underrating honesty and punctuality on the part of those who have the management of their affairs . I therefore adopt this plan , that we may have upon each other as many salutary checks as possible . This is advisable , as much for our own mutual satisfaction , as for the satisfaction of the subscribers . I therefore request that these plain and simple instructions may be punctually attended to in all cases . To save additional postage , each letter containing a money order , may also contain a list of the respective sums , and all other information necessary for the general secretary , Mr . Wheeler , to have ; which letter Mr . O'Connor will daly forward to him . This done , there can be no puzzle about the accounts . W . P . Roberts , Treasurer . All orders should be made payable at 180 , Strand , London . — VT . p . B . fine above mode has been adopted at my suggestion , in consequence of the endless trouble I hare had , owing to some parties sending me Post-office orders payable to my order ; and some to Mr . Roberts' order . Obsei vance of the above very simple rule will insure uniformity , satisfaction , and protection . There is a difficulty at tbe branch Post-offices about getting monies , when the orders are not signed by the persons to whom they are made payable . Feabgus O'Coknob . 1
The Northern Stak Saturday, August 30,1845.
THE NORTHERN STAK SATURDAY , AUGUST 30 , 1845 .
The Dunfermline " Riots." Call Foe "More...
THE DUNFERMLINE " RIOTS . " CALL FOE "MORE MILITARY , " TO "KEEP DO WH '
A HUNGRY PEOPLE . L \ another portion of this sheet will be found an account of some " riotous proceedings , " as they are termed , that have occurred in Dunfermline and its neighbourhood . That account we have given just as it appeared in the Times ; but we are convinced , not only from the manifest ill-will and ferocity of the writer towards the " rioters , " but from what wo know of the general character of the population whom he so ruthlessly and shamelessly represents as a band of murdering conspirators and cold-blooded assassins , that he has net correctly set forth THE
CAUSE of the disturbances , or explained the reason why the inhabitants of a town known over all Scotland for its general intelligence , and for its abhorrence of outrage and trmi'H , have appeared as the destroyers of property , and the assailers of life . The whole of this w .-iter ' s communications show him disposed to heighten and cohur the conduct of the " i " 3 ' j Ts , " when once in action ; but he disnVsses v « y sr-r-narily indeed TIIE CAUSE that has converted one of the most enduring and peaceably-disposed populations into a " bloodthirsty mob of ruffians . " Whatever that CAUSE may have been , it is one that' ought to have been prominently set forth ; for it must have been one of most unenduiuble tvhaxnt , to have operated
that entire change in the character of the people that the account narrates . So com Jiced are we , that this writer has not acted fairly by the people of Dunfermline , and that he has either allowed I * <• peahs to run away with his senses and l- ' o veracity , or that he knowingly lends himscH' to the basest of purpose ; - that we publicly call on some sober truthful democrat , who has the means of making himself acquainted with all the , facts of the case , to give ns a full and true version of those tacts , that the people of Dun fermline may stand before the world in an unprejudiced light : justified , as far as they can be , in the acts they have engaged in ; or gJ :, ty , as they may be , of all that this ferocious assa ant lays at their door . ' , ' ' j i
It has long been dinned into our ears that the working people of Scotland were far more intelligent than the working people of England ; that in the "land o ' eakes" " antalluct" was far more "cultivated , " far more acute , than in England , where stupidity and stubbornness abound . Have we not had the changes rung on the terms "heddication , " " schoolmaster abroad , " and " spread of knowledge , " as applied to the Scotch people ? and , without admitting the truth of the assertion as far as relates to a knowledge of rights or of duties , or of the manual operations inwhich thcrespectiveworkers arc engaged , wc are free to admit its truth , as far as a mere knowledge of booh is concerned . The opportunities which
the system of teaching in Scotland confer on the people , over tho working people of England , —who arc left to obtain a school education as they can ,- do give the former a decided advantage in book-knowledge : and therefore , as far as this is concerned , and as far as general aeutencss is involved in such advantage , the Scotch working people art . more " intelligent" than their brethren in England . This wc most freely admit ; and accompany the admission with the assertion , that of all the inhabitants in the several districts of Scotland , none ranked as high in the scale of "intelligence" as tho inhabitants of the very district which is now represented as being peopled by a horde of deliberate murderers and conpiring assassins !
Then , again , we happen to know that of all the districts in Scotland , not one has shewn itself to be so thoroughly indoctrinated with the " wholc-hogism " of "moral force" as this same Diinfeiinline . In 1839-40 , when the questions of " physical force" and "moral force" were pitted against each other , Dunfermline almost universally took its stand with the coneoctors and passers of the Calton-hill resolutions . It was with the people of Dunfermline a proof of "intelligence" to employ only " moral" means , as they termed certain modes of agitation , to bring about the changes and reforms in Government by them held necessary for general good . They could not tlien contemplate the possibility of any circumstances arising that would justify a resort to "
violence" or " force . " Then what is it , that has wrought such a change in the character and conduct of the people of Dunfermline , as the writer in the Times sets forth ? It can have been no ordinary cause . It must have been something most revolting indeed : some attempt on the part of the obnoxious employers to reduce the workman ' s poor " SHARE ; " or some oppressive and tyrannical conditions , which the most " ph- ' osophical" of human nature could not endure . Two thousand persons do not generally congregate together , and destroy property for nothing . There is generally an operating CAUSE . In this instance we are persuaded there must have been an oxtraordinarly powerful one ; and we shall be glad to hear from some of the workers of Dunfermline ivhatit was .
It is true that the correspondent of the Times jives ra an inkling of that CAUSE . He says , "it appears to be an alleged breach of faith of the Messrs . Alexaxdeb , with the other manufacturers , i . v x-ot adheui . no to the table of prices agreed on by the manufacturers in 1813 or 18-14 . " The writer adds , as a justification for the Messrs . Alexander , that " it m reported that they never signed that agreement ; " but he does not deny that there has been « k attempt to depart from the list . It may be ; indeed it is highly probable , that the list-prices themselves are n as low as is at all compatible with the very coarsest of food and the meanest existence . Wo
deduce this probability from what wo know of the condition of the Scottish working people generally . low as is the condition of the English worker , it is hardly in any one occupation so degraded and so debased as is the condition of the Scotch producer . Of this we intend to furnish indubitable proof , before wc have done . Of all the descriptions of " knowledge " that can be " spread , " none is calculated to be of more service to the working people of the throe kingdoms than a knowledge of their relative conditions : and , please God , it shall not he our fault if knowledge of that character does not" march . " To enable the present generation to understand something of the condition of tho Scoirii labourers ,
The Dunfermline " Riots." Call Foe "More...
we shall transcribe into this article a paper written by William Cobbett , after he had himself seen what he so forcibly and graphically narrates . This description will impart a notion of the degree of comfort which untiring industry purchases for the labourin" producers of Scotland ; and will also impart some idea of the dreadful consequences entailed on the toilers , hy a departure from such a " tabic of prices " as that by which the Scotch labourers are paid . Wc fancy that when the reader has . got to the end of the ' ¦ Address to the Ekghsu Chopsticks , " which wc are about to quote , he will wonder , —not that a riot should just now have occurred at Dunfermline , —but that the land has not been one ent' -e scene of commotion and burnings , sooner than that the workers should have submitted to such grinding tyranny as they have to endure . Here is the description we speak of : read it every line ; and let the truths embodied in it sink ' deep into the soul . Here is the condition of the Scotch producers , painted by a
master-hand : — cobbett ' s advice to the chopsticks . Of Kent , Sussex , Surrey , Hampshire , Wiltshire , Dorsetshire , Berkshire , Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and of all the other counties in the south of England , Edinburgh , Oct . litti , 1832 . My Friends , —This is the finest city that I ever saw in my life , though it is about five hundred miles to the north of the southern part of Dorsetshire ; but neither the beauty of this city nor its distance from your and my home has made me forget you , and . particularly poor Cook and farmer Boyes , and the men that were transported in 1830 . I have some advice to offer you , tho object of which is to induce you resolutely to maintain the rights which , agreeably to the laws of our country , wc all inherit from our fovefsuhevs . Amongst these rights are the right to live in the country of owr birth ; the right to have a living out of the land of our birth in exchange
for our labour duly and honestly performed ; the right , in case we fall into distress , to have our wants sufficiently relieved out of the produce of the land , whether that distress arise from sickness , from decrepitude , iVoui old age , or from the inability to find employment ; because there are laws , and those laws are just , to punish us if we be idle or dissolute . Tou know that many gentlemen in England have Scotch bailiffs -, awl that these Scotch bailiffs , particularly Callendar , the bailiff of Sir Thus . Baring , in Hampshire , and another one or two whose names I have now forgotten , were principal witnesses against the men that were brought to trial for breaking thrashing-machines , and other acts of that sort in 1830 . "You know that these bailiffs are always telling you how good and obedient the labourers arc in Scotland , and how WELL OFF they are -, and yet they tell you that there are no Poor Laws in Scotland .
All this appears very wonderful to you . The Government and the parsons tell yoa the same thing ; and they tell you , that if you were as well-behaved as the Scotch , anil as ouiet , yon would be as well oil as they are . They say , that it is your ignorance that makes you not like to ' livs upon potatoes , while those who live upon the tithes and the taxes have the meat and the bread . They tell yon that you would be better off if you were but as sensible aud would blithe as Quiet as the Scotch labourers . Now then , I will tell you how well off the Scotch labourers are ; aud then you will judge whether you have been wise or foolish , in what you have been lawfully doing with a view of making your living a little better than it
was . This city is fifty-six miles from the river Tweed , which separates " jinglantl from Scotland . I have come through the country in a post-chaise , stopped one night upon the road , and have made every inquiry , in order that I might be able to ascertain the evict state of the labourers ou the land . With the exception of about seven miles , the kind is the finest that I ever saw in my life , though I have seen every fine vale in everv county in England ; and in the
United States of America I never saw any land a tenth part so good . You will know what the land is when 1 tell you that ic is by no means uncommon for it to produce seven English quarters of wheat upon one English acre , and forty tonsof turnips upon one English acre ; and that there are , almost in every half mile , from fitly to a hundred acres of turnips iu one piece , sometimes white turnips and sometimes Swedes ; all in rows as straight as a line , and without a weed even to- be seen iu any of these beautiful fields .
OI how you will wish to be here 1 " Lord , " you will say to yourselves , " what pretty villages there must be there ; what nice churches and churchyards ; 0 . ' and what preciously nice alehouses ; Come , Jack , let us set off to Scotland 1 What nice gardens shall we have to our cottages there 1 What beautiful flowers our wives will have climbing up about the window ? ., and on both sides of the path leading from the wicket up to the door I Ami what prancing and barking pigs we shall have , running out upon the common , aud what a Hock of geese grazing \ ipon ihe green 1 "
Stop 1 stop ! I have not como to listen to you , but to make you listen to me . Let me tell yon , then , that there is neither village , nor church , nor alehouse , nor garden , nor cottage , nor flowers , not pig , nor goose , nor common , nor green ; but the thing is thus : 1 . The farms of a whole county arc , generally speaking , the property of one lord ; 2 . The > arc so large , that the corn-stacks frequently amount to move than a hundred upon one farm , each stack having in it , on an average , from fifteen to twenty English quarters of corn ; 3 . The farmer ' s house ia
a house big enough and line enough for . a . geutlwwaa to live in ; the farm-yard is a square , with buildings on one side of it for horses , cattle , and implements ; the stack-yard is on one side of this , the stacks all in rows , and the place as big as a little town . 4 . On the side of the farm-yard next to the staek-vai-d there is a p lace to thrash the corn in ; and there is , close by this , always a thrashingmachine , sometimes worked by horses , sometimes by water , sometimes by wind , and sometimes by steam , there being no such thing its a barn or a flail in the whole country .
" Well , " say you , " but out of such a quantity oi corn and of beef and of mutton , there must some come to the share of the chopsticks , to be sure [ " ' Don't be loo sure yet : but hold your tongue , and hear my story . The single labourers are kept in this maimer ' . about four of them are put into a shed , quite away from the farm-house and out ol the farm-yard ; which shed Dr . Jamiison , in his dictionary , calls a "boothie , " a place , says he , where labouring servants arc lodged . A boothie means a little booth ; and here the .-e men Jive and sleep , having a cerium allowance of oat , barley , aud pea meal , upon which they live , mixing it with water , or with miik when they arc allowed the use of a cow , which they have to milk themselves . They arc
allowed some little matter of money besides to buy clothes with ; but never dream of being allowed to set their foot within the walls of the farm-house , f hey hire for the year , under very severe punishment in case of misbehaviour or quitting service ; and cannot have fresh service , without a character from the last master , and also a character from the minister of the parish ! ¦ Pretty well , that , for a knife-and-fork chopstick of Sussex , who has been used to sit round tue lire with the master and mistress , and to pull about and tickle the laughing maids ! Pretty well , that ! But it is the life of the married labourer that will delight you . Upon a steam-engine farm there are , perhaps , eight or ten of these . There is , at a considerable distance from the farm-yard , a sort ol
barrack erect , d for these to live in . It is a long shed , stone walls , and pantile roof , and divided into a certain number ofboolhics , each having a door and one little window , all the doors being on one side of the shed , and there being no octet-doors ; and as to a privy , no such thing , for them , appears ever to be thought of . The ground in front of the shed , is wide or narrow according to circumstances , but quite smooth ; merely a placo to walk upon . Each distinct boothie is about seventeen feet one way and fifteen feet the other way , as nearly as my eye could determine . There is no ceiling , and no floor but tho earth . In this place a man and his wife and family have to live . When they go into it there is
nothing but the four bare walls , and the tiles over their heads , and a small fire-place , To make the most of the room , they , at their own cost , erect berths : like those iu a barrack-room , which they get up into when they go to bed ; and hero they are , the man , his wife , and a parcel of children , squeezed up in this miserable hole , with their meal and their washing tackle , and all their other things ; and yet it is quite surprising to behold how decent the women endeavour to keep the place . These women ( for 1 found all the men out at work ) appeared to be most industrious creatures , to be extremely obliging , aud of good disposition ; and the shame is that they arc permitted to enjoy so small a portion of the fruit of all their labours , of all their cares .
But if their dwelling-place is bad , their food 5 " worse , being fed upon exactly that which we feed liogs and horses upon . The married man receives in money about lour pounds for the whole year ; and he has besides sixty bushels of oats , thirty bushels of barley , twelve bushels of peas , and three bushels of potatoes , with ground allowed him to plant the potatoes . The master gives him the keep of a cow for the year round ; but ho must find the cow himself ; he pays for his own fuel ; he must find a woman to reap for twenty whole days in the harvest , as payment for the rent of his boothie ; he lias no wheat ; the meal altogether amounts to about six pounds for everyday in tho year ; the oatmeal is eaten in porridge ; the barlcy-mcal and pea-meal are mixed -together , and baked into a sort of cakes upon an iron plate put over the ( ire ; they sometimes get a pi" and Iced it upon the potatoes . °
Thus they never 'lave ouc hit of whvnten bread ot oi wheaten Hour , " , ior of beef nor mutton ; though the lam ! is covered , vvtlh wheat and with ctutlo , " The iliiim ? is I'll' a V « ar , beginning on the- 20 th oi
The Dunfermline " Riots." Call Foe "More...
May and not at Michaelmas ; the farmer takes the man just at the season to get tho sweat out of him ; and if he die , he dies when the main worlds done . The labourer is wholly at the mercy of the master , who , if he will not keep him beyond the year , can totally ruin him , by refusing him a character . The cow is a thing move in name than reality ; she may be about to calve when the 26 th of May comes ; the wife may be in a situation to make removal perilous to her life . This family has NO HOME ; and no home can any man be said to have who can thus be d islodged every year of his life at the will of a master . It very frequently happens that the poor creatures are compelled to sell their cow for next to nothing ; andindeedthe necessity of character from the last
, , employer makes the man a real slave , worse oft than the negro by many degrees ; for here there is neither lawto insure him relief , nor motive in the master to to attend his health or to preserve his life . There , chopsticks of Sussex , yon can now sec what English scoundrels , calling themselves " gentlemen , " get Scotch bailiffs for . These bailiffs are generally the sons of some of these fanners , recommended to the grinding ruffians of England by the grinding ruffians in Scotland . Six days , from daylight to dark , these good and laborious and patient and kind people labour . On an average they have six English miles to go to any church . Here are twelve miles to walk on the Sunday ; and the consequence is , that they very seldom go . lint , say yon ,
what do they do with all the wheat , and all the beef , and all the mutton ; and what becomes of the I money that they are sold for ? Why the cattle and I sheep walk into England upon their legs ; the wheat is out into shipa , to be sent to London or elsewhere ; « iid as to the money that these are sold for , the fanner is allowed to have a little of it ; but almost the whole of it is sent away to the landlord , to be gambled or otherwise squandered away at London , at Paris , or at Rome . Tiie rent of the land is enormous : four , five , six , or seven poands for an English acre : the farmer is not allowed to get much ; almost the whole of the produce of these fine lands goes into the pockets of the lords ; the labouicrs arc their sla ? cs , and the farmers their
slavc-drfrcrs . The farm-yards are , in fact , factories for making corn and meat , carried on principally by the means of horses and machinery . There are no people ; and these men seem to think thai people arc unnecessary to a state , I came over a tract of country a great deal bigger than the county of Suffolk , with only three towns in it , and a couple of villages , while the county of Suffolk has twenty-aine market-towns and 491 villages . Yet our pvecisas Government seem to wish to seduce England to the state of Scotland ; and you arc reproached ami abused , and called ignorant , because you will not reside in a "boothie , " and live-spon the food which we give to horses and to hogs ! Take one more fact at which nu will not wander ; that , though
Northumberland is but a poor country compared with this that 1 have been describing , the poor Scotsh labourers get away into England whenever they can . There is a great rnc ? fine town , called Newcastle-upon-TyR * , from whicfe and its ncighbourhaod the coals go into our coiwvtry . The poor Scotchmen flee from these fine and rich lands to beg their bread there ; and there thay are put into enravass and brought back to Scotland by force , as the Irish arc sent from London , Iron * Manchester , from Birmingham , and the other great towns in the South . Is not this the greatest shame that ever was witnessed under the s » n ? And shaM- not we be resolved to prevent oni- country from being reduced to a similar state ; shall sot we venture ; , if necessary , our limbs-and our lives , rather than net endeavour
to cause , hy all legal means , a change iro the condition of the labourers of these two ill-treated countries ? Wiat ! shall any lord tell me , or tell any one of you , that von have net a right to be in . England as well as he has ' ? Will las tell you that he has a right to lay all his lands- waste , or lay them into sheep-walks , and drive the- people from tfeem ? A stupid landowner might saiyso , and niijiM attempt to do it ; but detestable must he the Government that would suffer him , even to begin , in the work of g iving effect to his wish . ( Sod did not make the land for the few , but for the many . OivB society invented property ; but gara it not that absolute character which would enable a few owners to-extirpate the people-, as they appear to be endeavouring to do in Scotland .
I remain , your faiMil friend , Wm , Cobbst-t . Now , then , what does the reader think of that ? That is the sort of "knowledge" to beget a strong determination te- use nothing but " moral" force i That is the sorS of " knowledge" to cause its possessors to eschew all idea of "forcible resistanee ;" and induce a determination to remain " quiet and orderly" until they can " nion »!) y"' persuade the Government to secure for them a better " SHARE " than a " boothie" and " barley-bread ! " O yes ; the people that are made to knoiv these- things—made- to endure the oppression—will never dream of "physical" resistance ; but they will endwe on , until their feeble complaints have worked that change in the hearts of the " rich oppressor" which even the " grace of God" cannot effect !
But wc have not yet had theivMe of the picture . There are one or two features in it . vanting , but which can be supplied . It happens that M-. Socw bktt was in this very town of Dunfermline ; and in a " Second Address to the Ciiopsiichs , " he details what he there saw . Here follows that detail : attend to it ; and then wonder , —not that the people of Dunfermline are " rioting" just mouv—but that there has been a town or a single habitation left standing within a thousand miles of the spot , where such a state of things exist as is therein , set forth . Mead mark : LEARN ; and inwardly digest : —
Jfr Fhiexds , —In my former address I described to you how the married labourers of Scotland were treated , in what places they lived , and what they lived upon : 1 am now going to describe to you how the single men live ; . I menu tliu farming men , who are what tiie law calls servants ia husbandry . I mentioned to you W £ ore , that these men are lodged , a parcel of them together , in a sort of shed , and that they are never suffered to eat or drink , or even set their foot in the farm-house auy wore than the oxen or the pigs are ; bat I bad not then examined the matter with my own eyes ami ears , which I cow have done ; and I shall therefore now give you an account of the whole thing , and shall give you iny advice bow to act so as to prevent yourselves or your children from ever being brought into the same state .
On Tuesday last , tbe lGtli of this month , ! went to the farm of a farmer lteid , near the town of Dunfermline . The land is as line as man ever set his eyes on , having ou , it some of the finest turnips that you ever saw ; and there being iu the stack-yard about three-score stacks , perhaps , each containing from iifteen to twenty quarters of corn ; tine oxen and hogs in the yard , and fine cows and sheep in tiie pastures . I told you before , that th « single men lived in a sort of shed , which is here called a " boothie ; " and the farmer upon this farm living noiiy a town , and being said to use his people rather better tUivn the common run , I wished to see with my own eyes She " boothie" upon this farm and the men in it .
The custom hero is for men to plough with a pair of horses ; to go out at daylight ; come in at twelve o'clock , ami stay in till two ; then go out again and plough till nigiit ; and 1 have seen many of them at plough , till sunset . Coke , of Norfolk , brought this practice from Scotlaud to XorfolU ; and it ht > s spread over a good part of England . It is a very bad practice , though I adopted it for some time , and , 1 found it no advantage to me , while it was a great slavery both to the horses and the men . I went to the " boothie" between twelve and one o ' clock , in ovikv thai I might find the men at home , antl . see what tliey had for their dinner . I found the " boothie" to be a shed , with a fire-place in it to bum coals in , with one door-way , and one little window . The floor was the
ground . There were three wooden bedsteads , nailed together like the berths in a bamick-roe-m , with boards for the bottom of them . The bedding seemed to be very coarse sheeting with coarse woollen things at the top and all seemed to be such as similar things must be irhero there is nobody but men to liok after them . There were six men , all at home ; one sitting upon a stool , four ujim > the sides of the berths , and one standing talking to me . Though it wis Monday , their beards , especially of two of tlium , appeared to . be some days cM . There were-ten or twelve bushels of coals lying in a heap in one comer of the placo , which was , as nearly as I could guess , about sixteen or eighteen feet square . There was no . backdoor to the place , and no privy , there were son » loose potatoes lying under one of the berths .
Now , for the- wages of these t &&\ . In the first jfaco the average wages of these single farming men are-about ten pounds a year , or not quite foss ghUliug & w , vtoik , 1 h \ sn ' they are found provisions in tho following manner : each has allowed him two pedsts of coarse oaUSial a week , and thrco . " choppins" of lailk a day ; and a « choppin" is ' , I bolievo , equal to an English quart . Ttey have to use this meal , which weighs , about seventeen pounds , either by mixing it with cold water or with hat ; they put some of it into a bowl , poiw some boiling water upon it , tlnjn stir it about and ca 4 it ; and they cull this Beose ; and vow will bo sure to remember that name . When they use milk with the-meal , they use it in the same way that , they do the water . I saw some , of the broso mixed up
ready to eat ; and this is hy no means bad stuff , only there ought to be half-a-pound of goolmeat to eat along withit . The Americans make " brose" of the corn-meal' but then , they Make their brose » ifh milk instead of water and they send it down their throats in company with buttered beuf-steaks . And if there was some bacon alonwith tho brose , I should think the brose very proper " because , in this country , oats are moro easily grown in some parts than the wheat is . These men were not troubled with cooking utensils . They hail a \ avsu iVon saucepan and five or six broso-bowls ; and tiro " never troubled wisli those chitterinj th ' m ; . -= . knives , forks , plate ? , vinegar-eniots , salt-clhivs , pepiwv-bose ? , raustard-pots , L tablecloths , or tabUS ; ' * '
The Dunfermline " Riots." Call Foe "More...
Now , I shall not attempt any general description of this treatment of those who make alt the crops to come ; but I advise vou to look well at it ; and I recommend to you to do everything within your power that it is lawful for you to do , in order to show your hatred ol , and to cause to suffer , any one that shall attempt to reduce you to this state . The meal and the milk are not worth more thancighteen-penceaweek ; the shed is worth nothing ; and here are these men , who work for so many hours in a day , who are so laborious , so obedient , so civil , so honest , and amongst the best people in the world , veceivingfor a Whole week less than an American labourer receives for one day ' s work not half so hard as the work of these men . This shed is stuck up generally away from the farm-yard , which is surrounded with good buildings .
m which the cattle are lodged quite as well as these men , a « d in which young J > lgs are fed a great deal better . Tlisre were three sacks of meal standing i" this shed , just as you see them standing in our farm-houses filled with barley-meal for the feeding of pigs , The farmhouse , standing on one side of the yard , is always a sort of gentleman ' s house , in whteh there are several maids to wait uyon the gentleman sad lady , and a boy to wait upon theia too . There is , gmerally , a B *» mfi ? upon these farms , who is very often a relation of tfcc farmer ; and , if he be a single man , helias * 3 tlieru " small boothie " to himself , or a place boarded off is a larger "bcofhie ;" and he is a sort of a sergeant or corporal over tfc's common men , who * are continually untSer his eye dnry and night ; and who being firmly bound fsr the year , cannot quit their service till the year be out .
It is from this source that the " ags 5 cultural genttjmen , " as they calJ themselves , in England , have b /; ea supplied with Scotch Bailiffs , who are so justly detested by you . The Scotch landowners , who surfs up and cai ry away almost the whole * produce of the en ? ih , have told the English landowners how they manage the matter here . The English fellows find that they cao get nobody in England to treat men * in such away , and , therefore , they bwng them up from Scotland , and they pick out the hardest and most cruel fellows that they can find in Scot , land ; s » that we have not , hy any means , a fair specimen , even of Scotch bailiffs ; hecsnse nineteen-tiveiifj ' etlis of
them wo'tld not do the savage things which the'English tyrants waat them to do . WeH enough may you complain of Scotch Bailiffs ; and , wherevsyyou find one , youalways find the emjloycr to be a grinding ; hard-hearted ina » , and I advise you- to have your eye upon every man who !* as a Scotch bailiflf *; for , you may be vei'y sure , that his intention is to brina you down to the shed and to the brose ; to prevent you . from ever seein , ' kaife or fork , or b- * sad again , and to luwe you considered aa being nothing bc 55 er than the cattle .. 1 am , your faithful friend , " ft ' M . ComiETT .
It may be obj ^ ieu , that this description does noil apply to the present case ; that it relates to the agricultural Jaboi & ers—those who work for others ore the land ; while tho " rioters" are-manufacturing operatives . True , Shis is so : but th * condition of the working manufacturers is , generaU-y , as bad as th & condition of the- inmates of the '" dMhics" and ihe livers on the " Ims / e . " The wages- they receive are miserably low , such , as will purchaes no higher degree of comfort thaa the agricultural labourers " enjby" (?) . Dunfermline is mainly engaged in the mainitactory of table-cbths and tabic-cowrs ; and the houses of the H'orkea ** - are of a small aad iner't
character . The BROSE-bowl is one- of the " utensils" of the dwelling ; and in the towm are sold lunijsofsuety-fat . made up Into small balls , w & wi" / tA to make h'othl Apan-ful otfVegetables and wafer , ami a few of these " balls" , ( sold-at the rate of * Saivec-apennjv wc believe ) , without any other meat / ,, form a MESS OF BROTH—which , like a red herring in IreBnnd , is considered a &\ ury ! And wlisn an attempt is made to filch from even this small " SHAKE , " by parties % oTu > - have " ESTATES , " the writer in the Times is staggered at rosis-tunec manifesting itself .
And what is Ms remedy ? Hear it , yo " moral force" advocates . Hear it , ye-who have persua & d yourselves that no circumstanct ? s can justify a rosoi j to " violence ¦/•* hear of the . pow « r which the writer in the Times proposes , to make-the starving workars of DtinfeiiWline put up with the- REDUCTIONS in their miserable wages attempted by the owner * of " Bahmtle House . " Hear of the force he would employ , to extract the " balls of f » t" from out of the horrible " MESS of broth" the inadequate earnings of the Dunfermline weavers will only now procure ; Hear of all this ; and then go ami ) exhort to siibmiasion and quiet endurance . ' It is likely that your preachings will fee called for 1
On Monday the justices of the Dunfermline district met in the town-house , and resolved to . memorialise government on the necessity of making "Dunfermline , a lUvllMANEST milt AUY STATIW ,. and having bar * racfrsbu'tt / orfKo accowMOdation of the men . It is impossible to come to any other conclusion than that there is . in the town of Dunfermline a regular band of conspirators , organised and disciplined with watchwords and . signals , bound together under ohVigations of secrecy , ami with hearts to coneehe and reads to . execute AN ' -K GRIMES , however atrocious . Such a- fearful state of things must be met hy the authorities with the utmost vigilance * , ami Dunfermline requires the constant 1 'ttOIRVriOiSef the military .
There are other circumstances whioh will in futuremake this protection still more indispensably necessary than it is at present . In addition to the unquiet yoyuUition of Dunfermline , aud of the disoydualy . inhabitants of Cvossgates , llalbenth , aud Hell ' s Kitchen , and the nuinemus collieries around Dunfermline ,. we have now before us the prospect ol" a uew village of 2000 to 3000 inhabitants , arising at once tit the great iron-works about to be opened at Oakley ; and between this new population and the stmn-rers whom the demand for railway labourers will bring into Fife , it is- to be feared that tho prevalence of peaceful and moral habits , and of good order and Security to person and property , will nob he in piiiportwn . to the increase of the census .
The daft fool [ Can the bayonet quiet a hungry mau t Stick it into Mm , and it will : but then " -two can play at that game . " It is rather too dangerous an expedient to ho often resorted to ; while "hunger will break through stone walls .. ' "' Forty theu ^ ind soldiers , with barracks , and fortifications , and . loopholes , and cannon , and muskets in profusion , « mld not , nor can not , " put doim" Molly Ma < j-.-: jre in Ireland ; and if a "PERMANENT MILITARY " vwtt nwko tho Scotch peopW content wills their ' boothies" and their "MOSE , " aiul their " nnoTii" ivithont fat , " why they will richly deserve all that the most iron-hearteu tj .-anny can inllict !
Tiie Harvest, And The Cb&1ps. Duinng The...
TIIE HARVEST , AND THE CB & 1 PS . DuinNG the pro-sent week , and for a few days of the last week , the weather in the soutlt here , Ims been remarkably fine—well calculated & r harvest operations . There lias been plenty of s-un , . accompanied with good dry winds . Still , there is reason to fear that the mischief causedby the ce-U and wet of tbe two previous montbs cannot now be remedied . All that fine weather will now enable-ihe fanner todo , will be to secure the crop , such as . it is , without much , labour in the licit ] , and without the additional evil of wet after it is cut , to a deficiency in yield from wtt while growing . That such a DEFICIENCY is to be apprehended , the following frsm the Mark-lane Express of Monday furnishes but Joo many reasons : —
In all of the southern parts of the kingdom very aoautiful weather has been enjoyed sinco Wednesday , ' lat ia some of the uortIu-. ru counties of Ei-gland , as also iihScotland , the rain did . not cense so sooa as with us , aad considerable damage appeuvs to hnva been done a ' . iMig lb " eastern coast , by the extreme vicSence of the v « nd and torrents of rain , to the outstanding crops . On tfe * whole , therefore , the prospects in regard to the hareesl . luee in no degree tmproml , notwithstantSidg the late ausp icious change in th . » iveatlicr . Imlatd , there is toa . mucli reason to fear tk » t , however fawurable the ni ; : « th of September may he for the ingathering , THE PB 5 < lOt'Si . y sustained 15 S . S 3 RV WIM , RKSD 53 IT lMPOSSinia YOU AS AVE *
bage citov . o ? wiuat To . se sscubed . Comp laints o 5 the infe-wority of the I'UaYtty as well as . a ? the aereaWfr deficiency ave general tVwn all those qvtwters where progress )» s been made x » th reaping ; a » d wo much # «* that t & ese will increase in proportion as the harvest is - pioiye & eu With . \ f * w * itcver may be said or written . to * coi-Arary , it would b * folly to supnuw that with suc- ' i wenths * as that e-tpori «> eed throughout July and AmysSt , tlio Wheat plant could have escaped losing injured ; aud , disused as we are * •*> take the meat favourable vy > w of " > \ aattcr , we mi- *? » e na-PAit ^ to expect \ vm * ' ** fekiob raoDUttS , Mh inpoix & of qmnlity anri ) quality , w that of recent years .
In our last week ' s artfeto wc noticed the ruinous * then already current resecting a disease in the potatoe crop complaints on Uas subject Uavi * increased smco then from most of the southern and western counties ; bu we at * happy to say that hitherto the reports "'W ' "' north and east , as vvoll as the advices fro m Scotland-I'W Ireland , are silent in respect to this matter , from "• ¦' wo infer ( hat ( lie mischief lias net extended far . By our Scotch advices it seems that the weather « . ^ excessively wet and boisterous in that coutHi' ) ' up Wednesday night , and , though it subsequently - ' - " '' ' , . . ^' the storm of wind and ruin had . it was f .-ai ' -. d , done » i parable injury to the . vain crops . , | tt F raw Ireland the Yopwls respccUns tV , c t iv » . ] y ihe probsblo result o > ' the liam-st eoiitim * e compi ' -w favourable . In the- somh porilim <> i tbei > la « 'l the <^ ;^ of wlier . t . barley , and ovts ' ¦ .: >!! c' > inin > ' »<' l * U ; ! i " - ' " * *' i of the nc-w preQuce is \ wU ypi'U eii v-i ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 30, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_30081845/page/4/
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