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touABY31, 1852. ._ .,., THE NORTHERN STA...
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HOIST0RBAXCE AMOXG THE SEAMEN OF THE iyi...
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THE AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS. TH...
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THE MASTERS' UKASE. London.—Qn Thursday ...
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New Democratic Periodical.—By reference ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Touaby31, 1852. ._ .,., The Northern Sta...
touABY 31 , 1852 . . _ .,., THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
Hoist0rbaxce Amoxg The Seamen Of The Iyi...
HOIST 0 RBAXCE AMOXG THE SEAMEN OF THE iyi & 3 SORTH-EASTERS PORTS . ¦ Oa the 23 rd the mayor and borough magistrates ot it Sunderland were ocoupiedfor some ^^ SWefe ; h charge of conspiracy brought against John Chalk ( a dele . £ gate ) , and WilUani Barton , Thomu 1 ^ . * L £ & fc fhomas Chapman , seamen , members of the Friendly a Societtest ^ fahed by the seamen of that port , in having , * S ? croSoSerW « . ^ ^ "T ^ Ttll I SSe George Andrews , and obstructed and hindered the £ owners from getting their vessel to sea . The men who * ^ oo ^ tted for ttial at the uata * . were liberated oa bi hail . E HARMONY BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AXD *
WORKPEOPLE . The workpeople of Messrs . George Woolley and Sons , c cotton-sp inners , Manchester , entertamed their employers a and a number of friends on Saturday evening , at a toiree , i in the Mather-street Temperance Hall . The arrangements f for the entertainment had been set on foot and completed I ox the workmen themselves , entirely without the knowledge c of their emp loyers or the foreman . Mr . Swindells , the forei man presided . Kearly 500 of the hands were present . The i principal guests were Mr . Thomas Woolley and Mrs . i Woolley : Mr . Arthur Woolley , Mr . and Mrs . George
Wilson , Mr . and Mrs . M'Cartney , Mr . and Mrs . Woodcock , Mr . and Mrs . John Bell , and Mr . S . P . Robinson . The chairman complimented the workpeople on the good understanding that existed between them and their employer * , pointing out the desirableness at all times of the most friendly intercourse between them . He was sure ne expressed the feeling of the workpeop le in wishing Messrs . Woolley long life and prosperity . Mr . T . Woolley , the principal partner , responded , expressing his great gratification at meeting his workmen under such circumstances . If any thing he had done , or his mode of dealing with them , had been satisfactory , he was greatly rejoiced , and he hoped the greatest harmony would always prevail among them than many other masters in the town . Mr . G . Wilson «• Miniated the workpeople on the pleasing scene before
them , and urged open them the importance oi availing themselves of the many means of instruction and self-improvement which were aiforded to the working classes in towns like Manchester . He remarked how much better it was to see masters and workpeople assembled m thisfnendly manner than to witness those fearful dislocations of society and interference with property and trade which had been presented by strikes iu other branches of business . The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr . Barker , foreman of a ndil at Stockport , and Mr . S . P . Robinson .
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THE AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS . THE STRIKE . Losnos —A deputation of labourers On Saturday night waited upon the Executive Council to request aid in collecting public subscri ptions . They stated that they had previously had an interview wilh the committee of employers at Bucklersbury , who had expressed their sorrow at the destitute position of tbe labourers , for which , however , the masters did not consider themselves by a ny means responsible . They advised a direct appeal to the public for subscriptions , and offered to throw in the aid of their influence and pecuniary contributions at the same time . The Executive Council expressed their pleasure at this statement , and , upon their part , repeated their offer to forward the appeal by every means in their power . The deputation appeared to be highly pleased at the nature of their reception by both parties . . Amongst other and numerous contributions received'towards tbe support of the men thrown out of employment , was one of £ 20 from the London Society of Journeymen Hatters .
An intimation has been given to Mn Allan , secretary to the Amalgamated Society , that in the event of the strike continuing for any length of time , the subject will be forraallv introduced to the attention of Parliament . Several London trade societies have volunteered contributions in supportof the workmen , andeven to advance loans from their funds to the Amalgamated Society , if necessary . Up to Saturday evening 10 S branches of the Amalgamated Society had sent in their votes in respect of the grant of £ 10 , 000 out of the society ' s funds towards theestablisbment of co-operative workshops . Only twelve remain to bs recorded . Of those forwarded cisht are against the grant , and the remainder are in favour . . The eight , however , comprise small branches ; and the whole of them , we are told , do not muster more than 120 or 130 members , many of the branches who have sent in their adhe sion having , singly , double that number . Those branches which have not sent in their votes as yet are located in Newcastle , Bradford , Sonthwark , and other places .
The Second A ggregate Meetlsg oi the workmen engaged in the various breeches of the Iran Trade was held on Monday , at St . Martin ' s Hall , Long Acre . The chair was taken at one o ' clock , by Mr . Musio , the President of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers . The hall was , as on the former occasion , densely crowded by an orderly body of the class of operatives interested . On the platform , in addition to the meabers of the council of the Amalgamated Society , were Lord Goodericb , Mr . William Coningfcam ( of Brighton ) , Mr . Vansittart Neale , Mr . T . Hushes , Mr . F . Fnrnival , Mr . T . Kant , Dr . Travis , Mr . Morgan , Mr . "Weller , Mr . Woodwin , M . Le Chevalier , and several other gentlemen , unconnected with the engineering trade , who have prominently expressed themselves favourable to the objects of the workmen .
Mr . Musto ( on taking the chair ) said he sincerely regretted that this second meeting had become necessary , for he believed they might all he very much better employed in producing that which labour alone could produce , viz ., wealth . But he might declare , without the least affectation , that it was not their fault that this meeting had to be held . ( Hear , hear . ) They were all willing to work , and ready to work , whenever their employers should think proper , to the very best of their ability , and as they had hitherto done . ( Hear , hear . ) This meeting was now called , the masters having refused to let them work , for the purpose of enabling them to lay before the trade and the public generally , the exact facts of their present position . Certain resolutions would be submitted to them , and if they thought it discreet to agree to those resolutions , they wonjd in that manner renewthe assurances of their hearty co-operation with the Executive Committee of the Amalgamated Society throughout this serious strugele that was upon them . ( Cheers . )
Mr . George Usher ( a young working man ) came forward and moved the first resolution as follows : — " The employers of operative engineers having enunciated their right to do what they like with their own , and denied tho operative the right to do what he likes in employing his own wa ? es , and devoting his spare time as he will , . ind having demanded an unconditional submission , this meeting declares that such a submission would be at once both impolitic and disgraceful . They were not now in the position in which they had found themselves on the last occasion . A fortnight had passed away—a fortnight marked by many privations , by considerable suffering , and by unwearied exertion « und vet , as tuey now met , a smile of hope and of satisfaction seemed to pervade the whole of this vast aseeniblaee . ( Cheers . ) The evil prediction of " Amicus "
had not been fulfilled . ( Hear , hear . ) The greatest unanimity still prevailed amoi > g iliem . They had no disaffection in their own ranks . They were still confident of success ; they all knew that success was inevitable . ( Cheers . ) They were bound together by tho ties of common interest and common necessity , in addition to the ties which bound them who had Ions worked together in this cause , which plainly , and to all men ' s apprehension , was the cause of labour embattling with capital . ( Cheers . ) There could be no mistake about the meaning of the struggle : —it was a strugg l e upon the decision of which would depend the rights of the whole of the working classes of this country . ( Cheers . ) When they last met in that hall the contest had the simple aspect of a contest between the operative engineers and their employers ; but now it was a complex
contest , in which every man living by his labour , skilled or unskilled , was intimately and deeply concerned . Their position , in fact , was in the first instance , like that of Hungary , when Hungary took up arms against Austria to assert her own national independence . Their position now was that of Hungary , ^ u » -n Hungary had not only to attack Austria , but to " resist Russia , and when , therefore she fought the cause of the civilisation of Europe . ( Cheers . ) The roasters had leagued together , and had defined the rights of capital , inviting the imitation of all capitalist employers ; and in the issue of this encounter between the operative engineers and their employers every man compelled to labour for his daily bread would find that he was involved . And if the engineers won it would be as great a gain to other labourers as to themselves . ( Cheers . )
The engineers , however , required pnbl c support . They had had the support of the public beyond all their anticipations . ( Hear , hear . ) Xo previous struggle , between capital and labour had elicited so intense a sympathy from all classes . They had received support from the aristocracy ; from the middle classes ; and they had had the cooperation and the sympathy of the very lowest-paid trades in the kingdom . Even the poor Spitalfields weavers had come forward proffering a helping hand . ( Cheers . ) The speaker concluded by expressing an opinion that spies in the hire of the employers were watching the movements of the men , and by warning his fellow-workmen not to offer any pretext for any complaint whatever . Mr . Brows seconded the resolution . The employers had declared that they had an absolute rig ht to do what they liked with their own . But that right could not be conceded
The operative engineers would not concede that they were the property of the employers . The trade generally had come forward in the most noble manner to stand by those who had been thrown ont of employment . The sum of ± ' 750 bad been received that morning at the offices of the Amalgamated Society in Little Alie-street . This was a voluntaiy contribution , and was to be applied , independently of the funds of tbe society , to the maintenance of those who were temporarily out of work . ( Loud cheers . ) As yet , the system for the support of those thrown ont had not been got into proper woiking order ; but , after this , there could be no doubt that each man would receive 10 s . a week . ( Cheer .-. ) If , indeed , the funds came in , as he believed they would come in , it would be their duty to pay the nun-society men as well as the members of the society . ( Cheers . )
Mr . Xewtos then addressed the meeting . The cheering with which he was greeted on rising lasted for a considerable time . He said : It was not often that they saw gatherings of this description for the purpose of supporting we labourer ; and whatever , might be the result of the contest in which they were engaged , they would undoubtedly hare done this good—that by calling the workmen together tbey had enabled them to arrive at sound and satisfactory exclusions as to what their rights and privileges really ¦ Were . ( Hear , hear . ) He considered that , for several rea-SDas , thu meeting was of a mere important character than
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the last ; and , for one reason ; because they had now before them a document in respect to the matter in dispute issued by the employers , and bearing the signature of their secretary , Mr . Smith . ( Much hissing . ) This document opened up the whole question of capital and labour . It contained the views and the principles of the employers of operative engineers , and it represented , he believed , to agreat extent , the ideas of the employers of this country generally ; and , therefore , he would deal with it as involving the whole question of capital versus labour . They were told by the employers in this document , and they had been told that day by the " Times , " that they had no right to combine , f he employers said they would not deal with the men as an association , and that they would not acknowledge , meaning the Amal gamated Society ; an irresponsible arbitrator .
Irresponsible arbitrator ! Any body which represented the feelings of any class of men could not be deemed an irresponsible body . The Amalgamated Society represented not only its own members , but many thousands who were not its members , but who were dependent on the trade of which the Amalgamated Society was tbe mouthpiece ; and it was talking palpable nonsense to speak of such an association as otherwise than a most responsible and very important body . ( Cheers . ) But while tbo employers were denying to the men tbe right to combine , they themselves were governing one another by one combination . If you now met an employer in the streets and asked him the reason why he would not open his manufactory , allow his men to work six days for six days' wages , the answer , in nine cases out of ten was , that he knew verv well that the
work wanted to be done , that he knew his men wanted to work , and that be himself would like to set to the work , but that he had pledged himself to a certain course in the employers' association , and that nntil some one gave way with him , he could not be the first . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) This was combination with its evils ; and a protest against combination came with an exceeding ill grace from men , or from the organ of men , who had entered into such a confederacy . ( Cheers . ) In the document he held in his hand the employers said that on the 10 th of January the honourable pledge which they had made to each other was fulfilled , and all their establishments were closed . Why this must be combination . ( Cheers and laughter . ) And it was exactly that species of combination which the men had been in the habit of forming . The employers even used the
very terms which the men bad always used—the men having always considered that the resolutions they came to at their meetings were honourable pledges , and that when those pledges were broken the parties breaking them behaved dishonourably . The masters , then , were unionists . ( Cheers . ) The masters had imitated the men . ( Cheers . ) But , worst of all , they bad imitated the worst examples of the men . In making the fair demands which they now made for the abolition of systematic overtime and piecework , they had acted in an equitable and with an intelligent spirit . They had adopted no tyrannical measures—they bad not spoken in any dictatorial spirit : they had , iu fact , displayed an advanced moral feeling . They had declared at the outset that they would abide by justice , and that they would use no intimidation . They had intimated that the workshops
should not be guarded by picquets . They had in their meeting defined tbe common duty of all—of society men , and of non-society men—to stick together to ( he last ; but they had made it as clearly understood that if any man among them was of opinion that he would be doing wrong in uniting with his fellow men , or in refusing to accept the conditions of the employers , he was free to do so , and would not meet either with opposition or persecution from those who remained in an attitude of resistance . ( Cheers . ) They bad a right to meet ; tbey had a right to lay their statements before the public ; and no one would deny the expediency in such a case of the minority being , guided by tbo will of the majority . ( Cheers . ) But tbe employers went far beyondthe men in what they claimed . In the manifesto to which he had referred there were some very curious
doctrines laid down . They said , "We alone are the competent judges of our own business ; " " we are respectivel y the masters of our own establishments , and it is our determination to remain so . " Well , if this were so , then the operative engineers were alone competent to decide on the conditions on which their own labour should be sold . ( Cheers . ) The employers further said , "Ours is the responsibility of the details , ours the risk of loss , ours the capital , its perils , and its engagements . We claim and are resolved to assert the right of every British subject to do what we will with our own . " . The answer of the men might be" ours is the responsibility of idleness—ours is the risk of scarcity ; ours is the labour , its perils and its engagements . We claim and are resolved to assert the right of every British subject to do what he likes with his own . " ( Cheers
and laughter . ) Were the operative engineers British subjects , or were they not ? ( Cheers and laughter . ) According to the employers they had a righ ^ ov er their capital , over their respective establishments , over their own hands , and over their own money ; for tbey said that the money which they paid to their men was applied improperly to the encouragement of associations which sometimes acted in opposition to the employers . But whose hands were meant ? The masters' hands , or the men ' s hands ? ( Great laughter . ) Was it meant that the masters' own hands took j the masters' own money ? ( Continued laughter . ) Here was an enormous claim . The capital was his , the plant was bis , the government was his , the wages were his , and the hands were his ; and he was enabled to do what he liked with his own . ( Great cheering and laughter . ) Never
before was so despotic a doctrine placed before working men . "Here , the employers would not call ^ their workpeople men ; they only dignified them as hands . ( Hear , hear . ) Surely the man who had earned his wages had , on receiving those wages as good a right to bestow them where he liked as the man of another class had who received across his counter payment for goods sold . ( Cheers . ) And what if they did appropriate portions of those wages to combination ? See what Mr . Piatt was doing . He had been down at Leeds and at other places inducing the masters who were not in dispute with their men to call upon all their men to sign a document pledging themselves not to assist those remaining out of employment . ( Hear , hear . ) This demand of tho masters meant nothing less than an attempt to control the time of their men , for they asked that when
the men left the workshops they should not meet together to discuss and decide on the interests of their trade . ( Hear , hear . ) Sow , it was clear no body of working men had ever attempted such dictation as this confessedly was . ( Hear , bear . ) They all knew that there was no such thing permissible or practicable as a man doing what he likes with his own . Such a principle was the principle of barbarism , and had no existence in a civilised state of society . It was saying that a man could take his own sword , and plunge it into another man ' s body . It was saying that a man could set bis own bouse on fire . The whole law of the country was a law to place restrictions on a man doing what he liked with his own . No man wa > entitled to do what he liked with his o * n , if bis actions interfered with another man ' s just rights . In point
of fact , therefore , the enunciation of such a principle pulled society to pieces and declared anarchy . ( Cheers . ) The employers repudiated all arguments or arbitrations . They said it was dictation in the men to reason with them . But tbe men never had dictated . Tho men Lad always been their obedient servants—had always done what they could to ferre the employers' interests—had invariably treated them with deference and respect—and were prepared to do so still , so long as they would deal with those employed by them as men , in reality , and not as soulless machines . ( Hear , hear . ) The employers knew very well that the men understood what were the gains of the * capitalist by this system of overtime . By overtime , the employers made £ 1 , 000 do the work of £ 2 , 000 . With the same premises , the same rent , the same plant , with the same money , they could by working overtime , produce double
what they could produce if they did not work overtime , supposing them to employ the same number of hands . The public remark that the capitalist would not resort to overtime unless it was an absolutely necessary system . But the public must see that these gentlemen were too grasping , and that systematic overtime was the expedient of men who wanted more per centage than their capital entitled them to . The answer of the employers to the men was that they could not do away with overtime , because it would involve exorbitant expenses in increasing the plant . So that when they could not draw on their bankers they drew on the life-blood of the working man . ( Cheers . ) When they could not get money they got labour . ( Cheers . ) Overtime threw out of employment some hundreds of men , who in a natural system would be fully worked ; this
produced a redundancy of labour in the market ; and as wages were regulated by the number out of employment the general earnings were reduced : and in the end , if the employers did pay fifty or thirty per cent , extra to the men for overtime work , they still gained immensely in consequence of maintaining the general reduction . ( Cheers . ) These reasons were adequate to justify the attempt of the men to get rid of overtime ; and to these reasons they added tbe higher moral and social reasons , in respect to the necessity of giving to the artisan the opportunities which he required for improving his intellect , and rendering him a better citizen . ( Cheers . ) And this was certain , that unless this concession was made , they would not return to the establishments . ( Cheers . ) The employers said they would look elsewhere , and search for workmen in France
and Belgium . On this point a letter had appeared in the French newspaper . * , signed by a Havre merchant , suggesting that the French government should issue a decree allowing iron and other articles necefsary to the machine making trade to be used and made up in bond . Tbe employers in England confessed that their trade depended on punctuality , ' and that they would lose their customers and contracts unless they could be ready with the articles at a precise time ; and they referred to Germany and to Piedmont as being quite within competitive distance of them . Well , the men had to thank the employers for one thing—that they bad been made migratory . The engineering trade was a wandering , trade ; a man was never kept an hour beyond that in which he could be kept at work ; and the result was that those who wero now in London bad been at one time or another in all the
van ' s of the kingdom . And should the employers persist in their tyrannical course , it would cost little to tbe operatives to follow the work to Belgium or to Piedmont , if the work was forced over to those countries . ( Cheers . ) The British artisan loved his country and had his national spirit . But . if the chain which linked him to his country was violently broken , he could not stop there . ( Cheers . ) The English artisan was appreciated better abroad than at home : he could get higher wages abroad . Let the employers then look to themselves , and take this onus on themselves . The men had nothing to fear from the work leaving Englandthe employers had everything to fear . The employers told them their wages were high , and that high wages deducted from profits . This was not so . Were wages reduced tomorrow the profits would remain unaffected because there would be the same competition as before , and the contracts would be taken at » proportionate reduction . ( Hear , hear . ) High wages rather increased profits than otherwise .. When
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high wages existed more capital became necessary on entering a trade ; and the greater the capital , the fewer the capitalists ; and the . more the monopoly ; and the greater the monopoly , the higher tbe profits . ( Cheers . ) In this way the Amalgamated Society operated as a safeguard to the employers ; and indeed if the combination of the employers continued , the association of capitalists would be the best friends of the workmen . When the Amalgamated Society , had to deal with an individual employer there was always a difficulty ; for when oneindivdual reduced wages his example was referred to in excuse by another ; and if they had a general society to deal with , governing alike all the employers , they would get a fair hearing . Were two responsible bodies , representing employers and employed , to meet for tbe settlement of differences as
they arose , matters would always go much smoother than they hitherto had done . ( Hear , bear . ) In respect to piecework , the men did not complain of it in the abstract . They pointed out its abuses : and as tbey could not induce the masters to do away with the evils which sprang from the system they were compelled to demand the abolition of the system itself . ( The speaker here referred to many instances of apparently great injustice perpetrated on tbe men in consequence of the price for piece work being arbitrarily fixed . ) Piece work did not exist in London . But in Manchester piece-work did exist , and inflicted unendurable evils . There , and in other places , the cotton and flax machines were tbe same over and over again ; and the prices being fixed , the penalty for refusing a price being dismissal , the man was ground down into the dust .
( Hear , hear . ) Messrs . Hibbert and Piatt , employing 1 , 500 men , made a . return to the income tax commissioners of an income of £ 45 , 000 a year . This was equal to £ 30 per man per year . Why , what right , with such results , had Messrs . Hibbert and Piatt to complain of so called restrictions ? ( Cheers . ) This showed the value of British industry , and it taught a lesson to the men ns to what they might do if they would subscribe the capital to employ their own labour . ( Cheers . ) The newspapers were already calling upon the roasters to open their establishments to the non-society men . Why didn't they take this advice ? wag it because it would show them in a ridiculous light—because they feared no one would go f ( Cheers , j The society . would not object to the non-society men going in . The Amalgamated Society regretted deeply that indirectly
these proceedings had occasioned the dismissal of the labourers , and they would do all they could to aid them . But the first duty of all was to stand by the society . ( Loud cheers . ) Even Lord Cranworth admitted that the law was not against them . In that unwise letter which had been so foolishly made so much of , his lordship said that the law had wisely given the right to combine , inasmuch as it would bo absurd in the law to attempt to prohibit that which would exist , whether legally or illegally . It was not only the law of the legiatature—it was the law of nature . Their plans were still imperfectly organised ; but he had no doubt that after this week the contribution would be at the rate of £ 2 , 090 a week . ( Cheers . ) The other . ; trades were coming forward . The fine spinners of Manchester had agreed to give them £ 10 a week for a
month , at the end of the month to reconsider the matter in the event of the contest continuing . The joiners of Manchester would give £ 25 a week . This would go on ; and th < 7 would not ; only thus preserve the institution they valued , while supporting their members irrespective of the funds of the society , but thoy would add tenfold to the moral power and position of the institution . ( Cheers . ) All the employers wanted was to destroy the society . But let them beware . Let them pause before they reduced the labourer into a discontented man . That would be good neither for the capitalist nor for the government of this country ., ( Cheers ' . ) The men had been called socialists . If socialism .-meant anarchy , spoliation , disorder , they were no socialists . But if socialism meant the right of individuals to associate together to find legitimate employment
for themselves , then that meeting was a meeting of socialists , prepared to carry out socialism . ( Much cheering . ) On all tbe calumnies directed against them they could afford to look down with contempt . The men would not des rt their leaders because those leaders were picked out as targets for slander and libel . They had seen the results of internal squabblings in associations , and they would stick together . The secret of their success so far was union , and on union must they depend . ( Cheers . The men had given in their ultimatum , and they were preparing for the alternative ; and the masters would have to bear this in mind , that if they kept their shops closed for twelve months they would find that the men were not to be had . ( Cheers . ) The work of the country was not stoppedall the shops were not closed . If it was not done in London ,
or Oldham , or Manchester , it was done in Glasgow ; and where there was work the men would follow it . The Amalgamated Society , by a majority of nine-tenths , had voted £ 10 , 000 for the purpose of establishing co-operative workshops ; and if the £ 10 , 000 was backed by £ 40 , 000 , it would be invested in an establishment in Lancashire , in which 1 , 000 men would find employment , and do the work hitherto done by Messrs . Hibbert . and Piatt . ( Cheers . ) That accomplished , a great example would bo set to the working classes of this country ; and those classes , he knew , would soon set about their own emancipation . ( Cheering . ) The employers might give in to-morrow , but this great work would still be done . It was commenced , and it would not be left unfinished . ( Cheering . ) In the meantime , they would support those out of employment ; and if the
subscriptions came as the council expected , they would he applied also , as far as possible , and as far as they could be saved , to the furthering tho plans of co-operative workshops . ( Cheers . ) Several of suchlshops were already in existence ; forty men had combined in one , twenty in another , and sixty in a third—all of these being in tbe vicinity of London . Progress was being made in the same direction in Lancashire . Tbe Oldham men had money enough saved by themselves to start a business that would employ them all . ( Great cheering . ) In Rochdale tbey bad commenced . Of course they could not do anything without capital ; but they could begin with a little , and go on . All the existing great establishments had begun as small shops —forge added to forge , lathe to lathe , and wing to wing , by small degrees ,, and in the course of years , the men
would get on quite as well , and quite as last . ( uieers . j The Greenwich men had given orders for tho shops to be built , building them so that they could be increased with a slig ht additional expenditure ; and as tbe Greenwich men were attendants of lecture-rooms , discussion-classes , and nows-rooms—men self-taught and self-dependent—they were quite sure to succeed . ( Cheers . ) They would all succeed . But this was a great business matter , and they must deal with it quietly , not as agitators , but as men of business . They must keep quiet , keep to themselves , in their own rooms , and not be seen loitering in tho streets . They must molest no one—there must be no piquetting . They must not imitate Mr . Piatt , and conspire . Nothing could bo moreiniquitousthantheattei-iptat Leeds . Nothing could be more unjust than what the employers had succeeded in
doing at Liverpool , At Liverpool the men avowed themselves ready to continue working under tho old regulations , as they had existed for years in the foundries there , stating distinctly that tl . ey desired no change . But the employers told them that they were members of the Amalgamated Society , and that , therefore , they must turn out . fCries of " Shamo . " ) This was despotism—despotism of the worst kind—the despoti-m which drove men mad with anger and urged them to destroy the whole system which sanctioned such a despotism . ( Cheers . ) Discontent was now following upon oppression ; and if the discontent was deepened by further tyranny , there could be no answering for tho consequences . ( Mr . Newton resumed his seat amidst loud and continued cheering , ) The resolution was then put , and carried unanimously .
Mr . Hobkiko moved the second resolution : — " The employers of operative engineers having closed their establishments , and refused all mediation in the settlement of the dispute between them and their workmen , and having furtber asserted their determination to treat with men individually only , and not ns a society , this meeting is of opinion that all trades are interested in the issue of the contest , and that all should support it to the best of their ability . " Mr . Braddon seconded the resolution . Mr . John Booth ( who was introduced as an old member returned from the United States ) , briefly addressed the meeting . He concluded by say ing that he wished them success in the struggle ; and he hoped that when he got back again to the other side of the water he would soon hear that tliey bad given the employers a jolly good licking . ( Great cheering . ) The resolution was then put and carried with enthusiastic unanimity .
After three cheers for the chairman , and three cheers for the reporters , tbe meeting broke up . Subsequent to the conclusion of the public meeting at St . Martin ' s Hall , on Monday , the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers , Ac , held a special sitting at the offices of the society , 23 , Little Alie-street , Whiteehapel , to consider the propriety of increasing the allowance for the past week to the society and non-society men thrown out of employment by the strike , who had been already paid , as for the week preceding , the former 10 a ., and the latter 7 s . per man . It was found that , in addition to the sum of £ 750 stated by Mr . Newton at the meeting above referred to to have arrived at the general office by the mornine post , a further sum of £ 150 had arrived from
the country by the afternoon post , as well as intimations that further sums might be expected , the whole consisting of contributions of one day's pay out of last week s wages by the hands remaining at work ; the council , therefore , resolved that an addition of 5 s . per man should be made to the allowance of the society men , and 3 s . per man to that of tbe non-societv men , which would require a sum of £ 750 over and above the amount paid to the same persons for the previous week ; and leave a balance in hand of £ 150 from the sura received on Monday . Instructions were at once issued to the various London district secretaries , and , by electric telegraph , forwarded to the Lancashire secretaries , to act upon this resolution of the council , and the Man-Chester secretary was further empowered to advance the sum of £ 200 to the grinders and others thrown out by the
strike . It is expected that this increased allowance will give general satisfaction to tbe workmen , and we understand that the council are not prepared to make any further addition to it , intending to apply the future weekly , surplus arisin g from contributions of a day s pay , which is expected to prove very considerable , to relieve the pressure upon the accumulated fund of the society , caused by the payment of 10 s per week , provided by the rules for the support of society men thrown out of work through causes similar to those now in operation . A deputation from the labourers were informed that the council had received about £ 40 from public subscriptions for the relief of tbe labourers , and which , would on ap » lioa « tion be handed over to their committee .
The Amalgamated Society Of Engineers. Th...
AGGREGATE xMEETING OF . LABOURERS : On Wednesday night , an aggregate meeting of labourers thrown out of employment through tho strike in thn Tr « , Trades , was held at" the National Hall , High ilothorn to take into consideration their present position , and to take such measures for their future support as might be deemed necessary . The meeting was convened by the labourers ' own committee , but the expenses attendant upon it were defrayed , we understood , by the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers , & o . No skilled workmen , whether society or non-society men , were allowed to take part part In the proceedings ; but the attendance of labourers was less numerous than had been antici pated . Mr . MARsmts , on taking the chair , briefly enforced the necessity of peaceable conduct .
Mr . Llotd , in moving the first rosolution , stated that when the shops were first closed , the Executive Council of the Amalgamated Society bad promised to aid in procuring subscriptions from the public , and had with that view issued a circular , but apparently without producing any satisfactory results , as the labourers had only received three shillings as an allowance for the first week , while the non-society men were paid 7 s . A great deal of dissatisfaction consequently arose , and a deputation of labourers was appointed to wait upon the Executive Council , to represent the condition in which they were placed . The * answer of the council was very peremptory . It was that only the subscriptions derived from the public could be applied to their relief , as the subscriptions coming from organised bodies , such as the compositors , and other trade
societies , must go to the support of the non-society men . Another deputation had subsequently called at the office of the employers' association , where they meet with a most courteous reception . Without even knowing or asking their object , Mr . Sidney Smith , accompanied by three of the largest employers in London , came out to speak to them . They would not acknowledge the deputation as such , but advised that two labourers from each shop should wait upon the employers to represent the condition in which the labourers were placed ; and they further promised to pay due attention to any written communication which might be sentfrom the labourers' central committee . On Tuesday the Executive Council had handed over Is . 6 d . per man , but the committee , by judicious management , paid each man 2 s . Upon the merits of the dispute he would say
nothing ; but one thing was quite clear , they were thrown out of work through no fault of their own , and in a destitute condition . How could it be otherwise ? When in work , they earned only from 16 s . to 20 s . per week , and they found a great difficulty out of that sum to pay as much to a friendly society as would secure them 10 s . per week when sick . However the question in dispute might be settled , it would make no material difference to them ; and while be gave the central council creditfor , all which they had done for the labourers with a pure motive , there were some things which he thought they had not done in a pure spirit , and " for which he could give them no credit , ( Hear . ) In conclusion he moved the following resolution : — " That this
meeting views with extreme regret the unfortunate dispute between the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and their employers , and it will therefore exert its utmost energies to impress upon the mind of the benevolent public the immediate necessity of contributing towards the support of that large and unorganised , body of men , the labourers , who have hitherto been , and still intend to continue , neutral upon the subject of the strike , but who have , nevertheless , by it been entirely deprived of tho means of support . And it would further recommend ' all persons favourably disposed to the proposed philanthropic object , particularly to state that their subscriptions are for the ' labourers' list , ' so that the labourers may derive the immediate and unconditional benefit . " '" .-.
Mr . Ambibob , in seconding . tjhe resolution , said . it was unjust to pay the non-sooiety mien 7 s . per week while the labourers bad only received 3 s . - . ' "The labourers had expected to be placed on tho same footing as the others . ( Hear , hear . ) .. The resolution was then put and ueafcjmously adopted . Mr . Evans moved the following resolution : ' That this meeting cannot but express its firm conviction that . the Employers'Association have no desire to see anv of their labourers reduced to destitution , but that the masters , both in their collective and individual capacity / would most willingly assist the labourers whom tho impending dispute has thrown out of employment ; and it would therefore suggest that' a petition be presented to the Employers ' Association for the purpose of laying before it the position and prospects of the labourers , and also to receive any sum the association may think fit to advance , whilst , at the same time , it would recommend that one labourer from each firm should wait upon their respective employers for a like purpose . "
Mr . Curzon seconded the resolution , expressing a decided opinion that the labourers would meet with universal sympathy from the public , when their position and prospects were fairly stated . The resolution was carried unanimously . Several other labourers addressed the meeting , and a central committee was appointed to collect subscriptions solely for the relief of "labourers . " A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the proceedings . On Wednesday Mr . Gooch , superintendent of the locomotive department on the Eastern Counties R & ilwav , visited the company ' s works at Stratford , and , sending for two of the engineering workmen into his office , stated that information had reached the directors that the workmen were contributing a day ' s pay per week towards the supportof the engineers' strike , and that , in consequence , he had been instructed to intimate that any man so contributing in future would be discharged .
The Masters' Ukase. London.—Qn Thursday ...
THE MASTERS' UKASE . London . —Qn Thursday the Executive Council of tho Amalgamated Society of Engineers , & c „ hold a special sitting to consider the steps necessary to be taken in consequence of a document , developing the intentions of the Employers with respect to the strike , having come into their poasession . The conditions on which they propose to reopen their establishments wore accompanied by a circular headed ' Private and confidential , for members only ;' in which it was stated that the conclusions had been arrived at after two days lengthened discussion at a Conference of Masters ; and the Employers generall y are requested to intimate their approval of , or dissent from , the * recommendations' of tho Conference on Thursday next , when a Meeting of the Master ' s Committee will be held for the final decision of the questions involved in the following conditions : —•
1 . That no member of this association shall engage , admit into , or , after he shall have become cognisant of the same , continue in his service or employment , in any capacity whatever , any member of any trade ' s union or trade ' s society which takes cognisance of , professes to control , or practises interference with the regulations of any establishment , the hours or terms of labour , the contracts or agreements of employers or employed , or the qualification or terms of service . 2 . That no deputations of workmen , of trades ' unions , committees , or other bodies , with reference to any objects referred to in article 1 , be received by any member of this association on any account whatever ; but that any person forming part of , instigating , or causing such deputation , shall be dismissed forthwith ; it being still perfectly open to any workman , individually , to apply on such subject to his employer , who is recommended to be at all times open and accessible to any personal representation of his individual operatives .
3 . That employers be especially solicited , as much as possible , to avoid the delegation of the engagement or contract of their workmen to others , and to take a more personal superintendence of control or enagagements with their hands ; and , in the most especial manner , that they impress upon every person engaged by them their anxiety that , in case of any molestation , annoyance , or obstruction in pursuing their avocations or procuring employment , they should at once apply and complain to the principals of the establishment , who should sift such complaint to the bottom , and to dismiss all persons who had been proved to have offered or abeted such molestation ov obstruction . 4 That no member of this asssociation shall engage or continue in his employment any person whatsoever , until he has read , in presence of one witness at least , to such person the rules , if any , of his establishment , aud also the following : —
'Declaration , by the undersigned , on engaging in the employment of ( here insert name , address , and trade of employer ) I . A . IS . ( here insert christian and surnume of person declaring ) do hereby honestly , and in its simplest sense and plainest meaning , declare , that I am neither now , nor will , while in your employment , become a member or contributor , or otherwise belong to or support any Trade's Union rules , or society , which , 'directly or indirectly , by its rales , or in its meetings or transactions of its business , or by means of its officers or funds , takes cognisance or professes to control , or interferes with the arrangements or regulations of this , or any
other manufacturing or trading establishment , the hours or terms of labour , the contracts or agreements of employers or employed , or the qualifications or period of service . I do also further declare , that I have no purpose or intention to call in question the right of any man to follow any honest calling in which he may desire to engage , or of any master to make what arrangements , and engaf e what woikmen he pleases , upon whatever terms tht-y cboose mutually to agree , ' ( Signed ) 'Dated the day of 1 S 5 'Signed ' Witness
5 . That no member of this association shall engage any workman who has been previously in employment elsewhere , without ascertaining from what establishment he was discharged , imd whether the cause of his leaving had any reference to un infringement of the objects of the foregoing declaration . 6 . That no member of this association shall , on any pretext whatever , permit or submit to dictation , iuterference , or direct or indirect tampering with the management of his establishment or the engagement or conditions of the service of his workmen ; but that whenever any attempts are made to abrogate or compromise the free operation of the foregoing provisions , such member shall at once apply , if he requires it , for the advice , aword , and assistance of the Executive Committee , who shall be bound to afford his every assistance and support called for by the circumstances of the particular case .
7 . That in the event of a strike or turn-out occurring iu the estab lishraent of any member of this association , for reasons or from causes which shall , in the opinion of the Executive Committee , entitle the employer so assailed to Us countenance and support , it is hereby and shall continue to be distinctly understood , that all members ot the association shall sustain , according to their power and ability , such member in upholding the objects of the association ; it being expressly understood and declared , that no acts shall warrant the interference of this committee except such as it is the declared object of the foregoing provisions to prevent . 8 . That in order , as far as possible lies in the power of this association , to obviate any inconvenience which may arise to meritorious , workmen for being deprived of any advantages they may fancy they derive from the legitimate objectsfrom which existing trades' unions or societies have been diverted , this association gives full power
The Masters' Ukase. London.—Qn Thursday ...
and authority to the Executive Committee to submit for its sanction a plan for the establishment of anew , sound , and legitimate benefit society . A long discussion followed , which ended in a resolution to embody an answer in an address , as follows . —
THE APPEAL OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OP THE AWAr . GAMATBD SOCIETY / TO THE TRADES AND TXIE PUBLW . TllO Executive Council Si the Amalgamated Society of Enginee r * , , ; ' > earnestly intrant that the employer * of engineering onera-^ j ™' * , le Von-socioty men , their own members , and tho public appeal ? ' s've tlleir attention to tho document printed with this bv tht rw 1611 ' cont < i'ns the minutes of the resolutions coine to marked a » " l ' r ? nce of the Employers' Association , and which , has been ciraiii »» i Hnd confidentiftl , ' and 'For members only , ' may send inS OTK tlle tvade < 80 tUftt t , l 0 Be belonS' » g l ° »* Those who do un ?™ " 1 ° or dissc , lt from ifc rule of faulty and «• Y V « form unjust acts , who violate every every aspiration fnV ™ .- p , " , ple of morality , wh « tread under foot dearour toIwork & rV ^ weli de * n & frfedom ' alw , ys cn " avs )' publicoption « lwiv- ey understand 'hat ( as the 'Times * run , ' nndcoiuWrfuS ; ^ ' - . to the ri K ht in the lon >> r openly before it . Thereto , tw . " W »» . »><>? dread ' to stand confidential . ' iuerc , ore «» s inissrre is marked 'private and
A copy of it . however , has enm » s „ i ing for no ucreiy , dreadinr nf » ™ , 1 , nnd 8 ' and we - seek " » cioue of injustice ol ' oTLZ ^ Zl ot > 'Wicity , but con the clearest investigation , put itbeft ^ S ? l tb ' M * l ? Mt ™? air * impartialjudsmentuponit ; and S ^ V" ^ ° ask fur . ? justice to ourselves , or to thon Wl „« \ 2 vt * JV ™^ ' wilh a « e ^ We beliete that the resolutions of the EmploYeri' a ^ s . express the r . pirit of the most utter desuotismTZt ^ f ^^ violate tbe law which wisely allows of peaceaWo ' clhi 'V * ' among all classes ; that they contravene tfi ^ J tf & l of commercial liberty ; that they breathe the de rminS * Impose an abhorrent slavery upon all those whose only prX ' isi thcr labour ; that they have a tendency to crush ttoatlXJS of action winch is essential to the welfare of tho people ; that thav are opposed to the interests of the general public ; and that thev degrade and disgrace humanity . These may be thought sirontr terms , hut thoy are fully justified by the tyranny which provoke * them , for norer yet in the history of a free people was tuch a yoke ot sertoom attempted to be hnpoied upon its commercial aud in . uustnal mass « s , Employers of labour should refuse their assent to these mon . strous propositions , because their own free action is shackled by m . ' they ai ' e rtQ 0 Pteu , the manufacturers will no longer be auie to engage whom they please . They are bv the first rosolution
proiiioitod from admitting into their establishments any member of any society which takes cognisance of the contracts between employers and employed . B y the second resolution they ave prohibited trom receiving any deputation even from their own workmen , and are compelled to dismiss any one connected with such deputation , uy tile tourth resolution the terms upon which alone they shal enpge tueir own workmen are authoritatively dictated to them by l ^ UVS raceful a » « " > K . ' By the fifth resolution they « re pre-I ? . u ? . r „ ' om .. ? , nll | oJ Sany man whoshall have offended againsttht ? w . ' of , any f 01 mer employer . By the sixth resolution VrUllL » l tft ab . ide by » " • a « ' » rd « f the Employers ' ™ in * !!) V ? t 0 , l ,, y dlsPute respecting the internal raauago-E £ ?«™^ -1 ?* " . ««» NMimen »; and ' bv the seventh renV ^ £ a yw , ll \ . they consent t 0 u > bind iheinselvestotake . £ w J WMr ** *™ y other factory , and at their own risk and fmi ^ n . - r - . , oftI , e ? ts 3 at » 0 '' of their own busmess-to upnSnp ^ MU . v'i il . acte •" . onPMwtan which the Executive Committee may think fit to sanction .
. .. hJiLj J' ' c' » I > loyoi 8 of I nland , whether you will conientto Abdicate your own rights of free acion-toendanger vour position —to « ubject yourselves to continual embroilments—to ri k your ™™™ - alienate your workmen , in order to serve the selfish ends ef a few unworthy members of your own body , led o : < by an unpnncipe . l mercenary hireling ! We intreat you to pause-to tinnk well , both for your own sakes and for the sake of others , betore you take so rash , unwise , unjust , and precipitate a step . we mtveat the non-society men—those whom the combined employers have sacrificed under the pretence of protccting-thoee to whom the Amalgamated Sscicty have stretched forth the hand of brotherhood and help in the hourof distress , to combin ^ with uj-to ' resist tins tyranny , w ich is endeavoured to be imposeft & fi all alike . W e cal , upon them to stand by their order , with the intaesti of winch their own welfare is inseparablv bound un . WilrtW
consent to abdicate their right , to combine in the most peaceable ami Jaga ! form ! Will they allow them elves to be debarred from delegating one or more of their own body respectfully to represent any grievances they may feel to their employers » Will they allow themselves to be forced , iu their individual weakness , to stand separately before the power of capital ! Will they acknowledge themselves to be such slaves that they may not employ their own time after their work is done—iheir own wages alter they have earned them—in the way which to them seems best ? V , ' e cannot believe that they will . We will not give credit to the thought that they are so destitute of all manhood—so indifferent to all freedom—as to submit to a serfdom worse than that of the feudal times—mote stringent than any which an act of the Legislature ever dignified with the sanction otlaw
1 o tho members of tha Amalgamated Society , to those men who have acted so nobly hitlierro , we hope it is scarcely necessary to sny one word of exhortation . They can hardly want caution or advice as lo how they should treat this more than Imperial proclamation upon the part of those who would be their absolute , uncontrolled , irresponsible masters . They are well aware of the strength which union gives them , of the benefits which it confers upon them . Upon it they lean lor support , when individual injustice is attempted to be practised against them . To it they look fur help when work fails , or vindictiveness turns them idle upon the streets . From the funds it enables them to accumulate , they obt ; iiii succour when disabled by accident and in the time of sickness ; and when the shadow of death rests upon the house of a member , union prevents the tears of the widow from being rendered wore bitter by cries of her clildren
for bread . Operatives , will you abandon such a holy combination as this ? Will you singly expose yourselves to the storm of oppression which is sw ceping on towards you ! Will you cast off from the only anchor which holds you to independent existence ? Will you throw away the only barrier between the wrath of an employer and the workhouse and the prison ? We know that you will not . The very steps which the Employers' Association is now taking forbids jot to do so . Notice tbe fact—a fact from which you should gather wisdom—that while they say you shall have no association they iutend to perpetuate their own . Bemember that while tbey hypocritically pretend to assert the liberty of all , they nre denying to you that right of combination which tbey claim and intend to exercise for themselves . You cannot ohoose but to resist such glaring unblushing despotism as this .
Mark , too , that in orde ; ' to ensure to you any advantages which you ' fancy' you derive from union , they intend to give you a ' new , Hound , and legitimate benefit society . ' What sort of tt society do you suppose that will be ! Do yon think it will support you against Injustice ! Do you suppose that it will compensate you when you meet with accidents ? Do you imagine that it will provide for you when you are thrown labourless upon the world ? Iu short , do you fancy that it will preserve for you that power which these ' masters ' are so anxious to deprive you of ! Du you even think it will allow you to control your own funds ? Depend upon it that it will not . It will have employers for trustees and the tools of employers for offi . eers . Its vul- 's will contain provisions for excluding you for what those employers may call your misconduct—that is , your honest independence . Tke character givers will become the fundholders . A man's deposits will be held as pledges for his good behaviour , and his very savings will be moulded into links in the chaiu which binds them to abject slavery .
To tho general public we appeal for countenance , support , and help . We trust that there is enough of good feeling to put down op . pression in its foulest form , wherever it shews its head . We think that in the sturdy English character there is that love of fair play which will not countenance an organisation riding roughshod over isolated individuals forbidden to unite . Thousands of tbe leading class , in consequence of the power of large accumulated capitals , are passing day by day into the ranks of those who live by labour and wages ; tbousandsmore struggling in tbe vortex of competition see only the same fate in store for their children . Our cause is theirs ; their interests awl our own are identical . Even now , out of the earnings of labour the main portion of the retail trade is supported . The degradation of tbe skilled labourer involves the loss . if not the ruin , of the tradesman .
To non-sock ty men , to the members of the Amalgamated Seciety , tO the slupkei'l , we guy , if for no higher motive than your own interests , support us in this contest . To all society we say , do so too , from a higher motive . Do so in the nime of justice . Bemember that right is above all , and that those who stand by and permit wrong to triumph , inevitably prepare for themselves and their posterity a fearful retribution . For ourselves our minds are made up . So long as we have hearts to feel , brains to think , tongues to speak , wc will cry aloud against this threatened infraction of all duty alike to God and man . So long as any legal means of resistance are left to us , we will struggle against the treachery , the falsehood , the despotism of the Employers
Association : and if those means at last should failus although that ; is a result beyond probability , scarcely within the bounds of pos- ¦ sibility , we , and thousands at our back , rather than yield an un- conditional submission , will be prepared to carry with us to other lands that skill and industry which we are not allowed freely to » exercise upon our native soil , and thus take from the arrogant ,, heartless tyrants who now seek to lord it over us—to make their ar- - kitrary wills the rule of our lives—the means of employing that t wealth which they may value more than the lives or well-being of f their fellow men . By order of the council , Jos . Musio . President . Wm . Allan , Secretary . London , 25 , Little Alie street , Whitechapel , Jan . 29 . [ For the remainder of our Trades Intelligence see the B Eighth page . ]
New Democratic Periodical.—By Reference ...
New Democratic Periodical . —By reference to our ad vertising columns it will be perceived that Mr . G . J . . Harney is about to resume his literary labours in defence e of the principles which ho has for many years so promi- - nently and so ably advocated . Whatever differences of if opinion may have existed between ourselves and that gen-1-tleman , cither on questions of principle or practical policy , r , we have always done due honour to the sturdy and earnest it faithfulness with which he has supported his own views , u , and his readiness to devote himself unreservedly to the pro-emotion of the principles and measures he considered essen-ntial to tho emancipation of tho unenfranchised millions . * ,
We trust he will receive that liberal support his past ser-ir- > vices deserve . There is plenty of room for more demo-ocratie papers than those which exist , and no unworthyhy jealousy should prevent their conductors from exchanging ; friendly recognition , and , where necessary , mutual goodsd officii * , even when , us in our case ; md that of Mr . Harney , jy „ our views on many questions ol practical policy do no io coincide . , , . , ,, ,, The Great Lunact CASE . —On Saturday , the aixteentkthi day , the commission of lunacy on Mrs . Gumming terminatededl its labours . The jury returned tbo following un animous uai verdict :- "That Catherine Gumming is now of unsoundnd mindand incapable of taking care of her property , andnd
, that she has been so since the 1 st of May , 1840 . " Thehei lady immediately signed » retainer tober couaseU prjjjj . ceedings to traverse the iniquiaition . The wteen ^ daysysi have cost JE 5 . 600 in all ! Th . m > tor tn ^ SsAUher sh u j . ~ i ^^ 8 Bffi rns » Then she bad an indictment for
recover her title deeds . peneu iurv SnutiBB over her head . Next came the prehininaryarjj itruerie for » new commission before the Lord Chantellorlor , I astlv followed the commission itself . In less than flvelvce vears she has had no fewer than seven attorneys-at-lafllam teasin g and tormenting , and pleaguing her ; assisted , prowo * bably by twice as many barrister * , whom she never Baw , aw , r , And ail this fuss , and contention , and litigation , ill-bloodjWdl bad feeling , irritation , and animosity is about a lady » dy , r seventy-three years of age , paralysed in both limbs , anianu troubled with disease in the bladder-but with MOO o » ow £ 500 a-year in fee-simple .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 31, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31011852/page/5/
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