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TO THE CHARTISTS
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Mr FBJE3SDS, There is nothing more essen...
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with the mantle of Democracy, and not on...
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LATEST SEWS. ^J DuBUjj THoaSDATT-THEAyRI...
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/ /^ s ^i a. - - i\ t &t*mm— --/ - —m_-m...
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VOL XII. P. 593. LONDON, SATURDAY, Mil 3...
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AxncrrATED REDtjcnox or IsiBBEgr <M* the...
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TO THE CHAETISTS OF KING'S CROSS, NEAR H...
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Phoxetic Tea Meeting. —Stockport.—On Sat...
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<£!)attt0t Intelligence
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Manchester.—A preliminary delegate meeti...
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Rational Han * o Company.
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The Camberwell and Walworth Locality. — ...
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THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM....
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Libera'. Donations. — About two years si...
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¦ ' THE WORKING CLASSES— THE SPY SYSTEM....
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The Glasgow Accident and the London Thea...
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LATEST SEWS. ^J DuBUjj ^. THoaSDAT.T-THE...
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ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. Durham, March 1. At...
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The Inquest os Be. Crook.—On Friday fore...
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* v\ 4 0 * 'r*
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Chartists
TO THE CHARTISTS
Mr Fbje3sds, There Is Nothing More Essen...
Mr FBJE 3 SDS , There is nothing more essential to the strength and character of a party , or more conducive to the success ofits principles than a thorough understanding . I have frequently told yon , that the Utopian notions promulgated hy well-paid hut treacherous delegates and lecturers in 1839 and 1840 , as to the practical results of Chartism , went further than _persecution and tyranny to weaken our canse .
A well-paid lecturer or delegate , who mainly- —nay solely—depended npon shouts and approval for his weekly salary , went into the nicest details , and told his audience critically what the People ' s Charter -would do for the several labour classes ; and nothing so much tended to injure ns with the middle classes—with the jury and all classes—as the undefined , Utopian and ridiculous expectations held out by those trafficking politicians .
I early foresaw the danger of such a practice , and I instantly told you and frequently repeated it , that " I would not , and could not , tell what representation , based upon the People ' s Charter , would accomplish . " I told you that it would be a despotic asssumption npon my part , or upon the part of any person , and that all that I would say was : —" That it would make a small and insignificant minority subject to the laws of the large and powerful majority ; instead of , as at present , subjecting an overwhelming majority to the caprice of an interested and insignificant minority . "
l * ow , that is my definition ofthe People's Charier , and I have invariably cautioned you against taking any part whatever in the struggles of foreign conntries . I have told you that the effect which Jhose _strafes would _otherwise-huii * _ujwhi if _j _^ _Ol _* _MSlHMB _?^« i p # _' _^ ii be weakened—nay wholly destroyed—by popular interference . I have repeated the words of your own greatest bard— Shakspeare : —
"IF _ENGLAND _CAKNOT KEEP THE DOG FROM HER _OWN DOOR , LET HER BE WORRIED ;" and I have told yon that no other people npon the face ofthe earth care three straws for you , hut would merely use you for their own purposes . And a gentleman who sat in the _National Assembly , and who was wholly and ent irely unknown to yon , and of -whose name you had never heard—although you elected him—sought an interview with me to submit his French credentials from some French Club ; and , no doubt , had I in anywise encouraged him , we should have had more victims , and those that have been made owe their martyrdom , in a great measure , to that gentleman .
"When it was discovered that we could not be broken np , Dr . Bowbjxg and his party sought to outbid us for popularity , by declaring for what they called Woman Franchisethus trying to make the people believe that they went farther than we did , although they went none of our own road with us . This , then , Chartists , has been the manoeuvre by which dissension has been created in our ranks . I have studiously avoided
mixing up the question of religion , or Socialism , or any other party question , with our principles—and I think every Chartist of sane mind will admit that I adopted the prudent course ; and now that I find that the cry of Republicanism is attempted to be raised—certainly without much support from the Chartist ranks —I consider it my duty to address you upon the subject , in order that the apple of discord should not be thrown amongst our ranks .
The odium has been considerably taken off Chartism , and will be entirely removed , by its fair , temperate , but energetic discussion , both in and out of Parliament ; whereas , if tinged with the character of Republicanism , it at once raises the opposition—the most tyrannous opposition—nay , invites the persecution of all classes . l _^ ow , let me show you what a CRY is , and what Republicanism means . In the first place , the very term " _RepublTCt'O VMS *! - " * '• « 1 _vtmaiii
With The Mantle Of Democracy, And Not On...
with the mantle of Democracy , and not one m a hundred who advocates the principle , uses it for any other purpose than clap-trap . It is a mask to cover ignorance , while the real discussion of politics subjects the speaker—and properly—to vigilant popular control . If a speaker gets upon the platform , and sa y s , " I am a Republican , " he may be cheered , but neither he nor his audience know the meaning ofthe term , or what the effect of its adoption and realisation might be .
You have no right to contrast America with any Monarchy , and for this reason—because America never was a Monarchy ; and , therefore , Republicans would not be arrayed against Monarchists , and Monarchists against Republicans , as ever has been the case in countries which have changed from Monarchies to Republics—while , in addition , the FREE SOIL advocates declare that in America there is as much class distinction , national suffering , and popular discontent , as in any Monarchy in the world .
The difference betwen a Monarchy , as you understand it , and a Republic , is simply this —that in the one case the head is called King , and derives his title from descent ; while , inthe other ease , the head is ealled President , and owes his title to election ; and , if there is one circumstance more than another which prevents the full developement of popular power and opinion in America , it is owing to the
mode of electing a President — the several candidates canvassing the electors according to the prevailing opinion ofthe several classes of electors . An election takes place every four years ; two years previous to it the country is divided into canvassing cabals , and it takes two years forthe irritation to subside ; so that , as two and two make four , you have a continuous period of incessant strife .
Every democratic paper that comes to me from America , is foil of class tyranny and popular discontent ; so much for free ¦ America . Now , for France . The Napoleon was first Consul , and the French fought and bled for the establishment ofthe Republic ; but they -Subsequently fought as enthusiastically , and bled as profusely for the establishment of a Monarchy , _andNATOtEOX assumed the dignity of Emperor , nay , of Autocrat . The tyranny Of the _BoxmnOSS led to the _Revolution of 1830 ; and the old woman , Louis _PmurrE , most
was pledged to the maintenance of a liberal Constitution . His tyranny and Lis violation of faith led to the Kevolution of February , 16 * 48 , and now France is a Republic , with a President , with a bag of moonshine as its Constitution ,. and the people tamely submitting to more galling and oppressive tyranny , and to a greater abridgement of rights , than they were subjected to under the reign of Loins _Phiutpe . Upon the other hand , we have Belgium , only separated from France by a gate , with a p opulation , as compared with extent of
country , much larger than that of England or Ireland . The people of Belgium have all but the Charter , and they are more satisfied with the government of their elected King than they would be with a Republic . Belgium is only divided from France by a kind of landmark . You walk or drive from one country into the other . Belgium is only separated from Prussia bv an arch without a gate ; and although Prussia and France have been revolutionised
for more than twelve months , the peopleof _Bel gium have never adopted Republican princi ples . And why ? Because there the Labour Field is open the transfer of Land is facilitated ; no feudal impediment is thrown in the xv ?; the people cheerfully pay from £ 5 to _£ _* _% per acre rent , and can purchase it at over ¦¦ . " - ¦ 00 an acre , at the end of nine years , which is the usual lease ; and , therefore , every house v _sentrv-hox , and every peasant is a _^ -r _tionai Guardsman .
With The Mantle Of Democracy, And Not On...
When I visited the plains of Waterloo last I had a ver y intelli gent guide . He was at the battle of Waterloo . I asked him what was the feeling of the people as to the anticipated result ? He said that the Belgians were all in favour of _Wellington , and , against Napo-LEON ; as he was such a tyrant , they did * not know what would become of them if Napoleon gained the battle . Switzerland is a Republic . I stopped for a week at the frontier town of Italy , close to "the barrier . My landlord had kept an hotel for
ten years—I think in Liverpool , and , I think , had followed business in Ireland—spoke English very well , and communicated a great deal of very valuable information to me . One morning as I . was writing a letter to the " Star" I heard a great row , and ran down stairs , I found this landlord , a very lusty and influential person , cuffing a peasant most soundly . " Halloa ! " I said , " are you allowed to perform those pranks in Switzerland ? " "Oh , yes , " he replied , " there is one law for the rich and another for the
poor m _SWITZERLAND AS WELL AS _iTEfcAND » % . - ; - * _-, Now , . what _conviction did this establish in my mind ? Why , this : —That until the Labourfield—Nature ' s pap—is universally opened for the unchecked exercise of industry , the poor would continue at the mercy of the rich , whether the form of Government was Republican or Monarchical ; and therefore it ia that , for a number of years I have endeavoured to map out for you a perfect social system , and the _politicial means by which it is to be achieved .
And nowhear my opinion—canvass it wellit is this : that with the Charter , exercised aB its privileges would be by the best enlightened people in the world , there would be no difference—not a particle—between Monarchy and Republic , provided THE POWER BEHIND THE THRONE WAS GREATER THAN THE THRONE ITSELF . And if you had the Charter to-morrow , and if the casting rote devolved upon me for the choice of a head for
life , or for any limited time , I would vote for the election for life , well-knowing that every act of Monarch or President would be subject to popular vigilant control that those who made could unmake ; while the incessant canvassings and elections for President or Monarch would keep the national mind in a state of perpetual turmoil , and would deprive the Monarch or President of all self-will and action , and subject him to the caprice and control of the dominant -faction .
For these reasons , my friends , and because we have kept the ANIMAL unblemished , unscared , and unmutilated ; and because , for its preservation , I have suffered more in mind , body , and estate , than any other man ; let me begof you—let me pray of you—let me implore and beseech of you , not to put another iron in the fire , merely that it might be heated hy the warm breath of perhaps well-meaning , and perhaps artful persons . Do not , I beg of you , allow any question as to the form of _Govermnentto be mixed up with our defined principle of representation ; get the Charter , and your united will is omnipotent ; no matter whether the Pope , the Devil , or the Pretender is on the throne .
You must wean your minds from the consideration of foreign questions further than the effect they may have upon Minister ial action . Keep your minds steadily and steadfastly fixed upon "Home , sweet Home . " Let the monopolists of power understand that the now powerless would know how to distribute justice , to make and administer laws , to cultivate the national resources , uphold national dignity , and make Eng land , in truth , tlie envy
and admiration of surrounding nations . Prove this , Brother Chartists , to your rulers , by exhibiting your knowledge of local affairs , your fitness for self-government , and your willingness to rely upon self-exertion ; hut , in God's name , do not perplex the question with moonshine , absurdity , and nonsense . As , believe me , that nothing more tends to frustrate our exertions than the dread which the folly of madmen creates in the brain of fools .
" One thing at a time , " is an old and a good maxim , and I conclude by imploring you to stick to the Charter , as , believe me , the Ministers' Irish difficulty will presently unite Celt and Saxon in a bond of union too powerful for tyranny to resist . Your fiutliM Friend andEepresentative , Feargus 0 'Connok .
Latest Sews. ^J Dubujj Thoasdatt-Theayri...
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- - _ AND NATIONAL TRtBES' JOURm ,
Vol Xii. P. 593. London, Saturday, Mil 3...
VOL XII . P . 593 . LONDON , SATURDAY , Mil 3 , 1849 ™ " _™»«« * . UV 1 WVM- , va . AUi _. WA - . A _, _wf-w-vMfc * j , _AUTt-j . Firc 8 | _, ni | H g 8 a M d _gixpetace per Quarter — - - — ' _.
Axncrrated Redtjcnox Or Isibbegr <M* The...
AxncrrATED _REDtjcnox or IsiBBEgr < M * the Xational Debt . —The Adas , noticing the extraordinary rise which has already taken place of late in the price of government securities , and more particularly in Consols , refers to various rumours current on the subject , and , amongst the rest , to the following : — " It is confidently stated that the government intend to reduce the interest on Consols From three to two aid a half per cent ., and , as it is known that this can only be done when the stock is at par , it is asserted that the influence ofthe Bank and the government combined has been called into exercise , in order to prepare the way for this great measure , hv supporting the funds , and has thus
occasioned the sudden and yet decided rise we have referred to . The reduction ofthe Three per Cents _, to a lower rate would produce an immense difference in the national expenditure . The total public funded debt ofthe United Kingdom is - £ 766 , 6 ' ( 2 , 822 , of which £ 364 , 164 , 787 are Three per Cent . Consols , and £ 123 , 438 , 000 Three per Cents . Heduced—forming together more than half the entire public debt . A saving of a half per cent , per annum on this enormous sum would enable the government to do without the income-tax , the malt-tax , and a variety of other minor imposts , equal to those struck out of our tariff by Sir Robert Peel when the income-tax I was first imposed !"
Sir Charles Napier ' s Steamer , "Sidon . —The Sidon is a failure . Her first cost , when built in ISiG _, and the alterations necessary to get her to " go , " after she was "ready for sea , " are briefly as follows : — "Cost of the ship " ( 1846 ) £ Si , W 8 "Cost of engines" 34 , 155 _FittiiiRfor sea" ( 1846 ) 3 , 747 More "fitting for sea" ( 18 * 6 ) 1 , 2 * 26 More " fitting for sea " ( 1 S 4 _C ) 1 . 078 More " fitting for * ea " ( 1846 ) 5 , 428 More "fittingfor sea "( 1846 ) 1 , 023 More "fitting for sea " ( 1847 ) 1 , 808 More "fitting lor sea" ( 1847 ) 155 More "fitting for sea" ( 1847 ) 2 , 350 More " fitting for sea" ( 1 « 7 ) 424 Coals used on trials of "fittingfor 6 ea" 702
Total m getting the Sidon to sea . . f 86 , 244 This seems a pretty experiment for Sir Charles _Ufapier , who wasted considerably more than a fair share of thetime ofthe House of Commons for three or four years , vexing the Government until he was permitted at trying Ms hand at budding a ship after his own plan , with something else than his own money . — Liverpool Financial Reform . Tract . The Passport Srsroi . -A step in the right direction has been taken by the Eng lish and French companies interested in the promotion of the traffic between London and Paris , by _foi-warding a . collective petition to the Minister of the Interior , showing the advantages that would result to both cities , Irom abolishing the passport system for travellers between the two countries
. _ Exports from the United States . — From an official statement , it appears that the total value ol the exports from the United States in the year ended June 30 , 1848 , was 154 , 032 , 131 dollars , of the imports , 154 , 977 , 876 , a singularly close approximation . As compared with 1847 , there was an increase of 8 , 432 , 238 dollars in imports , and a decrease of 4 , 616 , 491 in exports , the latter accounted for by the smaller shipments of grain . Effects of Yeast . —The Albany Knickerbocker mentions that some robbers upset a jar of yeast while entering a house , which ' raised' the family , and prevented the accomplishment of their designs .
Axncrrated Redtjcnox Or Isibbegr <M* The...
TO THE ROCHDALE CHARTISTSBarnard's Dnir London , Febnr » y 26 th , 1849 . My Friends , —By an error in the copying of my letter for the "Northern Star , " and inserted in that paper of the 24 th inst ., it was addressed " To the Chartists of Bradford , " instead of - To the Chartists of Rochdale , " to whom I repeat my thanks , and trust it will he a precedent to ' your great body . Although the mistake occurred , I feel assured I shall have the opportunity of addressing the Bradford Chartists very soon .
A very trifling subscription from each would speedily amount to a sufficient sum to discharge my claim ; hut if it is to proceed at the present waggon pace , it will indeed he a long time ere it is liquidated . At present 19 s . 4 d . lias been subscribed ! !! A little more energy , my good friends : railroad " express ; " no coaching or waggoning where character , is at stake—but speed , energy , and reflection in all your movements , and tiie General Body will not only soon he in the independent position of paying everybody their just demands , but save themselves from obloquy and discredit , so long ., _as those demands remain undischarged . Believe me to remain , your faithful servant , J . E . Nixon .
To The Chaetists Of King's Cross, Near H...
TO THE CHAETISTS OF KING'S CROSS , NEAR HALIFAX . , My Friends , —I find b y the "Northern Star , " of the 24 th February last , thatyou have , from your moderate means , subscribed 14 s . 4 d . towards liquidating my account for professional services , in defending your advocate and friend , Mr . Vernon , upon his trial in July , 1848 . This makes 19 s . 4 d . that has been contributed . ! . ! J However , receive my grateful thanks , my friends , trifling as the subscription is , in comparison with the largeness of my claim ; but let all the Chartists
subscribe their mite—be it ever so small—and the amount will quickly sink into insignificance . Believe me , it is not because your means are small that I appreciate your efforts the less .- No ; on the contrary , if the subscriptions were larger , 1 -would say no more than I do now ; but I thank you for it , and for the principle recognised by you and the Rochdale Chartists , viz .: that the professional man's bill is not to go unpaid , for defending their leaders and friends , and that if it is to be paid—and which ought to have been the case long agoyour powerful and zealous friend , _Nx . Feargus
O'Connor , ought notto be made the scapegoat for that purpose . If a man does his business badly , do not pay him . If either of you made me a pair of boots , and they did not fit , I should not pay you for them ; but if they fitted , you are entitled to your money directly . The latter was my case—I transacted my business creditably for your leader ; the boots fitted , and I ought to be paid . The principle is just the same . The professional man must live as well as the tradesman ; but there is a vulgar
prejudice against us ; we are looked upon as a sort of necessary evil—a dose of physic—and no one applies to us unless obliged : but if either the professional man or the tradesman does his work properly , and to the satisfaction of his clients , and customers , discharge his bill offhand . _Novelet me again ask you , what mdacenieni can there be for any _professsional man to devote his time , pocket , and abilities for your benefit , if his services are to go unrequited ? Does he not live by his profession , as well as you hy your trades ?
My bill accrued in July , 1848 ; your leader was ably defended , as Mi-. Feargus O'Connor , and several others , have been pleased to observe . So much the better ; but an Angel from Heaven would not have averted the verdicts , and those who are now suffering incarceration are suffering for you , on your account , and are the martyrs to your cause ; you ought not , therefore—now that they cannot speak for themselves—to leave them in the lurch , by not paying the costs ofthe struggle that was made for their liberty . I say again , is it creditable to you all—as a body—whilst a paltry
subscription of a penny a piece would place Mi * . O' Connor in ample funds to discharge all claims upon him , on your account ? This should have been done long ago ; not an undischarged bill ought to be in existence , that is , if the great body of Chartists value then' reputation . But , id my case , it has heen a downright injury to me ; aud I feel assured that all good-meaning Chartists will see it in the same light , and will not hesitate longer in subscribing sufficient funds to discharge my demand . Believe me to be your faithful Servant , J . E . Nixon .
Phoxetic Tea Meeting. —Stockport.—On Sat...
Phoxetic Tea Meeting . —Stockport . —On Saturday last , a tea meeting of the friends ofthe spelling reform was held at the Lyceum . About 300 persons were present . The Rev . J . Thornton took the chair . The numbers were considerably increased after tea . —Mr . Thomas Davics , a working man , moved the first resolution : — " That this meeting , regarding education as the birthright of every human being , earnestly desireB the removal of all impediments . toits diffusion , and the adoption of sueh facilities as may tend to promote the universal instruction of the people . "—Mr . Stephen Robinson , in a short , but able address , seconded the resolution . —Mr . Bradburn proposed the second resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Withers : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , one of the- greatest hindrances to education is the extremely irregular and complicated character of the instruments , of education—reading and writing ; that tlie many
cannot command the time requisite to acquire these arts in their present form ; and that , if ever education is to be universally diffused , the simplification of these important means of instruction is indispensable . "—The Chairman next called upon Mr . Facey , who proposed the last resolution , namely ;—" That this meeting , having had its attention directed to the attempt now being made in this country , and in America , to remodel , and , at the same time , to simplify the orthography of the English language , most cordially approves such endeavour ;—Believing that the adoption of the Phonetic Spelling , wiU do more to ensure the education of the masses , than voluntary and _legislative effort -with the existing system of spelling . —The meeting was afterwards addressed by Mr . Langley and Mr . Pitman . After a vote of thanks to Mr . Withers , Mr . Pitman , and to Mr . Langley , the meeting concluded by a vote of thanks to the chair .
Labourers' Cities . —A new French journal , Le Pays , g ives some account ofa philanthropic scheme conceived , and about to be executed , by M . Chabert in the interest of the labouring classes—which extends in some useful respects the princip le of the Englbh model lodg ing-house . His project is , to erect in each ofthe arrondissements of Paris what he calls " Labourers ' - Cities . " Clean and airy lodgings are to be provided for the tenants , at a price below that of their present tainted abodes ; consisting of a kitchen , bed-chamber , and sitting-room , heated by stoves in winter , which are to be ventilators in summer .. A common wash-house will be established for " each city "—and bathing-houses , the tickets for which will be so distributed as to allow a certain number of baths per month to each inhabitant . -. _
. The Invalids at Stanfield Hall . — -In thc early part of last week Mrs . Jermy had experienced more suffering than lor some time past . On Sunday a further portion Of the bone of the arm came away , and since that time , the cause of the irritation havin" been removed , we leam that the wound has . _-iffiiiniissumcd a more favourable appearance . The servant , Eliza Chestney , continues to progress m a most satisfactory manner ; but neither in one case nor the other , have the patients been able to leave their beds , nor in fact to be moved from the position in which they wove placed at the time of the injury .
≪£!)Attt0t Intelligence
< _£ !) attt 0 t Intelligence
Manchester.—A Preliminary Delegate Meeti...
Manchester . —A preliminary delegate meeting of Yorkshire and Lancashire was held in the committee roomof the . People ' s Institute , ou Sunday , the 25 th "Jk - lhe following districts wore represented : — Manchester , Mr . SidleyandMr . G . H . Smith ; Oldham Mr . Tristram and Mr . R . Ashworth ; Rochdale , Mr Bake ; Todmorden , Mr Mooney ; _Stalybridge , Mr . Cooper ; Mr . S . Kvdd of the Executive council was present . Mr . Smith was nominated chairman , Mr . Kydd seeretarv . The annexed resolutions were unanimously agreed to . " In the opinion of this meeting , thc distribution of tracts , explaining the princi p les of the People ' s Charter , anucon taminggeneral usefulknowledcre . forthe
enlightetimen f public opinion , would prove a useful auxiliary for the popular cause . " Moved by Saniuel Kydd , seconded b y Mr . Tristram . " We express our satisfaction at the policy pursued by the Council of the National Charter Association , and pledge ourselves to support them in the districts we represent , and to express to ouv constituents the deliberations of this , meeting . " Moved by Mi-. R . Ashworth , seconded by Mr . T . _Tristram . " That a delegato meeting be convened b y the Executive _council t p be held at Todmorden , on Sunday , _ e _£ "ij * * " -a tnatone or more of the members _ _¦>&¦ _. Exo 9-tive he requested to attend ; and that _OTMraistricfcs of Yorkshire , and North and South Lancashire be invited to send _deleuates : " Mo veil
by Mr . Mooney , seconded by Mr . Bake . • That the delegates pay the expenses ofthe meeting , and that the travelling expenses be proportionately borne by each district sending a delegate . " Moved by Mr . Sidley , seconded by Mr . Bake . " That we recommend our constituents to consider the propriety of holding periodical public meetings , on week nights , for tho consideration of subjects before parliament , on political interests . " - Moved by Ral ph Ashworth , seconded by Mr . Bake . " That we recommend the districts to consider the admissibility of arranging a regulated and proper system of local lecturing , with a view to an efficient organisation . " Moved by Mr . Sidley , seconded by Mr . Moonev . Finsbury . —At a public meeting , held at the Finsbury Lecture-room , Clerkenwcll-green , on Tuesday , the 27 th ult ., it was moved by Mr . Nobbs , and seconded by Mr . W . Salmon : — " Tnat , in the opinion of tins meeting , the people have a ri ght to whatever form of government the majority think most
conducive to their interests . " Moved by Mr . Allnutt , and seconded b Mr . Fennell : — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , an interference of thc European powers between the people of Rome and their government is unjust and tyrannical . " Moved by Mr . T . Salmon , and seconded by Mr . A . Fuzzen : — " That a petition founded upon the foregoing resolutions be adopted and presented to the House of Commons . " Moved hy Mr . Allnutt , and seconded by Mr . Robert Fuzzen : — " That Mr . Wakley be requested to present the petition , and to support the prayer thereof . " ' The ' meeting then adjourned to Tuesday evening , March 6 th , at eight o ' clock . Hebdk _** Bridge . —¦ Some time back the Chartists , of this town began an evening school , for reading and writing , and arithmetic , and a number of youths from the factories attended . But two firms ¦ gave notice that if any of their hands attended the Chartist school they should be discharged .
¦ New town , Huddersfield . — The following resolutions were first passed at a weekly meeting on Wednesday the 21 st ult , and have been this day confirmed at the district delegate meeting . —Moved by Enoch Sykes , and seconded by W . . Murphy . ' That we deem the comment in the Northern Star ofthe 17 th ult , upon the letter of Mr . A . Walton , in reference to * Home colonisation , ' of great importance to the labouring classes , and that wc are of opinion , that the present organised Chartists are imperativel y called upon to use their influence with tho tvntlna + ft hvinfv -fliA _cmli _' nAf nfR / iiAn _^ l . p _Tknftv . i _.. lV UlUUliO
U _. , LU _Mllllt U 11 U _DUUJUUV U 1 _UU 1 _C 11 L 1 J _* VV 1 VIU tho legislature . " Moved by T . Hirst , and seconded by John Woodhouse : " That in consequence of the failure of the . last National Petition , we are of opinion that the recommendation of the Executive , with regard to petitioning , should be immediately acted upon , that our rulers may be made sensible of our determination to be politically free . " ¦ _TOtteb Hamlets . — Commercial Hall , Philpot street _^ -A . lecture was delivered -in- 'the above Hall on Friday , the 28 rd ultimo , by the Rev . B . Parsons , of Ebley , on the "Bible and the Six Points . " The lecturer clearly proved , to a crowded audience , that the principles ofthe "People ' s Charter" and real practical Christianity are alike . After a vote of thanks to the lecturer , and to the chairman , ( Mr . Kendrick ) , the meeting separated .
Westminster . — At an adjourned meeting ofthe members of this branch , at their room , 17 , Ryder _' scourt , Leicester-square , on Sunday , February 25 th , Mr . Dixon delivered a very able lecture on "The Condition of the Mining Population of England . " After which it was announced that Mr . M'Grath would lecture at the same place on Sunday next , at half-past seven , on "Revolutions—their Causes , and Consequences . " _^^ _MWWWi-A _*»' - _* _-- _***^^^' _^ _- ' _- _»«> _' * _•** _¦ _**¦** - ** ¦ *' ' _*'* - '
Rational Han * O Company.
_Rational Han _* o Company .
The Camberwell And Walworth Locality. — ...
The Camberwell and Walworth Locality . — A meeting of the Land Company was beld on _Wetitiesday , the 28 th jilt ., when it was resolved : ' That the members who cannot make their payments by the 25 th . of March next , or sho to the committee , their reasons for not doing so , at the expiration of that timet will be struck from the books and forfeit the monies paid by them tothe company .
The Miners Of Northumberland And Durham....
THE MINERS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . TO THE EDITOB . OF THE ' NORTHERN STAR . ' „ Sjr , —Knowing the deep interest you take in the welfare of the working classes , I forward for insertion , the following details connected with the movement of the miners of Northumberland . At a delegate meeting held last week , and which was attended by an increased number of delegates , it was resolved to engage two lecturers to agitate the colliers in this district . The parties engaged are B . Embleton , and R . Turnbull ; the former is an old veteran in the miner ' s cause , and one of the ' Old Guards' of Chartism , and the latter is a most devoted advocate of the poor man ' s rights . A general meeting of miners of this district , is appointed for Saturday , March 3 rd , at' Botany Bay ' neat * , Cranbington , at which every miner should make it his duty to attend .
. .- ¦ The . : Cowper miners have nobly done their duty ,- > and by standing firmly together have obliged theirneraployer 8 to give them all they asked . The Seaton Deleval miners are all at work again , and have succeeded in preventing the extensive re > duction ot prices offered them from being carried into practice . Thus we have the colliers at work , and although , the trade is extremely had , —many pits only working two and three days a week , yet as the union will bring restriction or regulation of work , the time is not far distant when prosperity and a proper remuneration for their labours will be the lot of the hard-toiling and industrious miner . It is intended shortly to petition parliament to pass a law forthe better protection of the lives and health of
miners ; for it is a fact that more injury is done to the miners through the defective ventilation in pits where no explosive gas accumulates , but where carbonic acid gas abounds ; and wherever this deadly gas prevails , ventilation is but imperfectly carried on , Explosions such as occurred at the Darley Main and at Haswell Collieries strike us with alarm and arouse the sympathies of the human heart for the sufferers , but carbonic acid gas kills slowly , and consequently brings ho alarm . The fact , however remains undisputed , that more miners meet a premature grave in collieries where this deadly gas abounds , than are killed by explosion . Yours , & c ., S . Jude . . February 27 th .
Libera'. Donations. — About Two Years Si...
Libera ' . Donations . — About two years since , a retired tradesman called upon the Secretary of the Orphan Working School , and stated he was de . sirous of leaving all his property at his death to charitable institutions . At a aubiequent meeting he stated he was willing to give up a portion of his accumulations at once , provided he could receive an annuity in return . Seven societies were selected , and Mr . Soul had the pleasure of presenting £ 100 to each of them . The person referred to , a Mr . Barker , is now deceased , and the residue of hiB property , whatever that may be , will be di v id e d among the institutions previously ' selected .
¦ ' The Working Classes— The Spy System....
¦ ' THE WORKING CLASSES— THE SPY SYSTEM . Leicester , Fob . 26 th , 1849 . Mr . Editor , —I felt much gratified in reading " _L'Ami du Peuple * s" letter in the Star of February 17 th , and I am sorry to say there is too mnoh truth in his remarks , concerning the apathy the Chartists have fallen into since the imprisonment of some Of their best leaders . I was in hopes that the victories gained by our brethren on the Continent were sufficient to have raised their spirits , and made them redouble their energies in using all legal and constitutional means to gain their ri g hts . There are hundreds of young men in Leicester who pretend to be Chartists , and have been members ofthe Association , and good ones too , at the time of . a panic , when they were half-starved with hunger
but , as soon as they got employment , they totally forgot their political duties . It appears to me ' tlmt if they can get as much by working fourteen or fifteen hours por day as will keep body and soul tdg «> ther , they arc perfectly satisfied . _'V-ffi-I am sorry to have to censure my brother Chartists of Leicester for their apathy . This letter is not written with any desire to give the least offence , but to remind all of their duty , and not to forget the incarcerated prisoners and thoi ** families , who aro suffering for advocating the cause of liberty . "L'Ami du Peuple" mentions , tliat an old friend of his saw Wilson executed at Glasgow , some thirty years since . I was in Glasgow at that time , but did not see him suffer . I was working with four
shopmates—shoemakers—at the time , who rose from their seats , and asked me if I would not go ? I told tbem I would not , and if the inhabitants of Glasgow were of my mind , the magistrates of Glasgow should finish the dirty work they had began , for that was another government plot , and one that I had a very narrow escape from . This plot originated from four men , or devils , calling themselves committee-men , who held meetings at three or four different houses . I think the numbers _attending these meetings did not amount to moro than three or four score . There was not to be less than fifteen , nor more than twenty-two , at a house at one time , and those spies made them believe there were twelve thousand in Glasgow . holding meetings in tho same
way , and several thousands in _Strethaven _, and that meetings were being holden in thc same manner throug hout Eng land and Scotland , and a day would be appointed when the whole of Great Britain wero to rise and march to London to demand their rights , like Wat Tyler . I doubt not , but those vagabonds had agents in England , for they used to read letters from Eng land very frequentl y , informing them how well they wore getting on—that they would have plenty of arms and ammunition served out to them when . they arrived at a certain place—and that one thousand men were to join them when they arrived at Carron Iron Works , and at that place they were to receive further instructions . At length the fatal day arrived , and bills were printed and posted in
all directions of the city . Those bills requested the peop le not to interfere who did not wish to have anything to do with the vising , but keep at home , aa they did not intend to injure either person or property . The next morning they were to be on tlieir march for London—and now for the villany of those infernal spies . They directed those men to meet on Glasgow-green at twelve at ni ght , and if they did not meet with the main body , they were to march on to Bonnie Muir , and if they did not find them there , to wait their arrival . Those deluded men met on the Green at tho appointed time , but , not finding tho main body _. noronc ofthe committee-men , they marched off for Bonnie Muir , as directed ,
about three score in number . At length the main body arrived in the person of Lieutenant Burdett and a troop of the 10 th Hussars . The consequence was , that twenty-one were taken prisoners , and tlie remainder escaped . Those prisoners were taken to Stirling Castle to await their trial for high treason , and the whole were sentenced to death , according to law , for that crime . Two only suffered that punishment—Hardie and Baird—the remaining nineteen were transported for life . The Strethaven party were to meet at Cathken Braes , where peor Wilson was taken , and brought to Glasgow , it being within the limits of Lanarkshire , but Bonnie Muir is in the limits of Stirlingshire .
Now , Mr . Editor , I suppose you will think I was somewhat connected in this affair , but I assure you I was not . There was one Robert Gray among the nineteen transported , a young man of good character , and a very intimate acquaintance of mine , and , as sure as I am writing this , so sure was Robert Gray innocent of the crime he suffered for . I am ccrtain he never had anything to do with that affair . He called on me the day before , when the bills were out , and told me ho had a great desire to see Carron Iron Works , and if I would go with him , we would go as far as Carron , and we should see what sort of a turnout they made . To this I agreed , and promised to
meet him on the Green at the appointed time , lhe night was very wet , and I missed my time about a quarter of an hour . I was on the Green at about twenty minutes past twelve . It was wet and dark . I traced over different parts of the Green , and could discover no one , so I returned home , and went to bed , thinking that no one had gone on account of the wet night . The next day a rumour sprang up that ei g hteen thousand insurgents were entering the city from the Broomielaw Bridge , and thc Rifle Corps were going to meet them . I ran up to the Trongate , and saw the soldiers , with the Lord Provost and magistrates at their head , and looking as bold as Hector , knowing , as they did , that they had nobody to meet .
Now , Mr . Editor , lest you or any other may wonder how I came to know so much about theii ' meeting and deny having anything to do with it , I will tell you that I worked with a shopmate afterwards who was in the whole concern , and who made his escape from Bonnie Muir , and he told me the whole affair . Hardy and Baird , who suffered death , were very intelligent young men , and of good moral character . I remain , your most obedient servant , George Wray .
The Glasgow Accident And The London Thea...
The Glasgow Accident and the London Theatres . —We will venture to say that there is not a Theatre in London which at this moment would bear inspection , with a view to the safety of all its avenues , paosages , and staircases . There is not one in which , in the event of fire or the false alarm of it , in some one quarter or more than one , there would not be a jam of crushed and smothered bodies like that of Glasgow , but probably on a greater scale of destruction . But the legislation which so sagel y and carefully levels the powers of thc law against
ponny theatres and unlicensed performances , takes no precaution to guard against this frightful mischief . There is an authority to prevent the performance of a play in which a word offensive to morals or decorum may be found , but there is none to prevent performances in a theatre so defectivel y constructed that the false alarm of any drunkard , fool , or pickpocket may cause the destruction of masses of people inextricably jammed and pounded together , anu perishing more cruelly than the sufferers in the black hole at Calcutta . —Examiner .
Awfully Sudden Death . —On the night of the 23 rd ult ., Captain D . M'Adam , ofthe 49 th regiment , stationed at Temp lemore , went to bed in his usual good health , and was found dead on the morning of the 24 th , when his servant went to call him . T . O'Meara , Esq ., coroner for the district , held an inquest on the body with a respectable jury , when a verdict of "Died by a violent fit of apoplexy" was returned . Awful Occurrence . — Woman Worried bt a Dog , —On Tuesday evening , a frightful occurrence took place in Clifford-street , Liverpool . A dog of the bull and terrier species , and of enormous size , was kept chained up in the cellar of a house in Ciiiford-street . On Tuesday , however , it snapped its chain , broke through the cellar window , and ran in an infuriated state into the street . Mrs . Brown , the wife of a labourer , residing in a court-house in the street , ran to protect one of her children who had
been bitten by the animal , when the dog new at her , threw her down , and proceeded to worry her in the most savage manner . It bit her severely in the calves ofthe legs and then seized her by the chin . Three or four men who witnessed the occurrence were afraid at first to interfere . One of them at length attacked the dog , and broke a poker over its back ; but it was not till after the most violent means had been used that the brute could he induced to relinquish its hold . The poor woman with upwards of a dozen serious wounds , was removed in a state of insensibility into her house , and medical aid without delay procured , but on Wednesday , she was not considered out of danger . The dog . which is said to have bitten another woman and child , ran Off after its attack on Mrs . Brown , and has not been seen in the neighbourhood sinee . It is the general opinion that the animal was not mad , but simply infuriated by long confinement , and the unfortunate victim has so far exhibited no svmptom of hydrophobia . "
Latest Sews. ^J Dubujj ^. Thoasdat.T-The...
LATEST SEWS . _^ _J _DuBUjj _^ _. _THoaSDAT . T-THE . _AyRIT OF ERROR , —It has been intimated to the state prisoners that the arguments < m lhe writ of error , in the case of Smith O'firien a \_ others against the Queen , cannot be entered into , at _theory earliest , before the 20 th of May , hut more probabl y not until a month later , namely , , the 50 th of June .. .. . _.-: : _;^ # _^ _- ; iir _^ MftaH _MiTenn _* .. 4-The dork _-E' _& S _^**^^^ been _issued _^ ot'tKe removal' of John . Mitchel , frora _* - * _ - _** - _oJ _DuBUN-. _Thi-nsnAv Tt * e "WntT cm ¦ Rn nni * ..
Bermuda to tbe > Gap 8 of Good Hope . The climate of the latter- colony is very genial , and peculiarly adapted for persons affected with pulmonary complaints , —so much so , that it is considered a Ma . deira for the East Indians , " The Times adds : — " Of Mr . Mitchei ' s removal from the Bermudas we believe there is no doubt , and that it has beea already carried into effect is suspected from the fact of the last West Indian mail bringing no letter from the convict to his family in Ireland . " Frida y Release of Mr . O'Higgiks axd Others ox Bail . —Yesterday the Lord-Lieutenant _ordered the release on bail of the Kilmainham Young _Inlanders _; viz ., Messrs . Sea , Meany , O'Hig-( _jins , Hilpin Meyler , and J . Brennan . Deaths from Starvation . —The accounts of deaths frora starvation continue to increase , fa
Tipperary a father and daughter have both died for want of food . The details as given in the provincial journals of the mweries of the lower classes are trul y lamentable . EKANCE . —Friday . — Further Arrests . —Fifteen persons have been arrested on a charge of rebellion at Lauonaille , and committed to the prison of Perigueux . Several others had effected their escape , amongst whom were the son and son-inlaw of the late Mayor of the town , who were believed to be the leaders of the insurrection . ' ¦ The _Constitutional annonnces as official that the Pope has claimed . t , he collective intervention of Auitria , Spain , Naples ; and France , to re-establish the former government at Rome . Count Martini ' , iht Sardinian minister , at 3 aeta , has received an official notification of _thSdemand of intervention from the Cardinal Secretary of State .
THE ROMAN STATES . Evacoation of Ferrara . —A telegraphic despatch has been received here ( Paris ) from Ferrara , dated 25 th ult ., announcing the complete evHeua . tion of that city and the papal territory by the Austrian troops .
OPENING OF THE PRUSSIAN CHAMBERS . Berlin , Feb . 26 . —The Prussian Chambers were opened tbis morning , at half-past eleven o ' clock , by tbe King . Cologne , Feb . 26 . —The day before yesterday being the anniversary of the French Revolution , it was kept here by a grand political dinner , which was attended by a numerous party . Some ultra democratic speeches were made , especially hy the Deputy Geadbaeh , against the bouse of Hohenzollern , the Count of Brandenburgh , & c . & c .
CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT . Falsk Charge of a Criminal Assault . —On Thursday S . Cooper , 59 , soldier , was indicted for feloniously _accusing Henry Charles Sellers , clerk , of an ofienee punishable by tiie statute , but ofa nameless character , with intent to extort money from bim . Mr . Bodkin and Mr . Itickard conducted the prosecution , and Mr , Ballantine defended the prisoner . The charge made by Cooper against Mr . Sellers will be in the recollection of our readers . Mr . Bodkin said : —That two bills ' had been preferred against Mr . Sellers at the Middlesex Sessions , both of vrUicU were thrown out by the grand jury , but tho prosecutor , feeling that this result was not a
sufficient vindication of his character , had decided upon the present proceedings in order full y to prove to his own friends and the public , that there was no reality or foundation for the odious accusation that had been made against him . After the cxaminatiod of several witnesses , Mr . Justice Cresswell summed up , and the jury immediatel y returned a verdict of guilty . The prisoner was then sentenced to bo transported for fifteen years . Just before tho rising of the Court the grand jury returned four true bills for manslaughter against Bartholomew Peter Drouet . Postponement op the Trial op Mn . Drouet . — On Friday , Mr . Ballantine applied to the court to postpone the trial of Bartholomew Peter Drouet to the next session . He held in his hand the affidavit of a professional gentleman , a member of the College
of Surgeons , which stated that Mr . Drouet was suffering from inflammation of the heart and lungs , and , although he was partially recovering , he was still in a most precarious state of health , and quite unfit to take his trial . Upon this ground he applied for thc postponement . —There was no opposition made to the application , and the Lord Chief Baron said it was quite clear that , under the circumstances , trial must be postponed . Alleoed Murder . —J . Manby , aged 32 , described as a plasterer , was arrai gned on the coroner ' s inquisition for the wilful murder of his wife Elizabeth Manby . The evidence of the principal witness ( Mrs . Gurder ) was not sufficientl y conclusive , and the jurv , after a few niintucs' consultation , found a verdict of " Not Guilt y .
Assize Intelligence. Durham, March 1. At...
ASSIZE _INTELLIGENCE . Durham , March 1 . Attempting to Shoot . —Joseph Peyre , a Frenchman , aged " 32 , was charged with having , at Sunderland , on the 21 st of November , discharged a gun at Thomas Greenwood , with intent to kill and murder him ; likewise to do him some grievous bodily harm . The prisoner , who it will be remembered was the mate of a French ship , on the day in question fired at the prosecutor . Thc shot struck him about bis head and neck , and the sig ht of onc eye had been destroyed . Mr Matthews addressed thejury for the
defence . His lordship having summed up , the jury returned a verdict of Guilty , with intent to do grievous bodily harm . His Lordship , in sentencing the prisoner , whicli he did through an interpreter , said , " Tell the prisoner that the jury have found him guilty of shooting with intent to Jo grievous bodilvharm , whieh , by the law of England , is punishable by transportation ; but that as he is a foreigner , we shall not pass that sentence upon him ; that we respect tlie laws and customs of other countries , and we expect the people of other countries ' will respect ours ; and that * shooting at any one is a very heinous otfence in the king dom of E n g land ; that we hope he did the act of which he has been convicted in a moment of passion , and without premeditation , and that he is sincerely sorry for what he has done . Under all the
circumstances of the case , we shall only sentence him to six months ' imprisonment with hard labour . " Highway Robber ** . —Jonathan Bowron , 24 , was charged with having , at the parish of Easington , oh the 30 th December last ( bo beiiig armed with a pistol ) , feloniously assaulted James Simpson Alderson , on the Queen ' s hi ghway , and stolen from his person £ li 10 s ., his monies . — Joseph Henderson , one of the party who committed tlie offence , was admitted approver . This Witness was subjected to a severe cross-examination , but nothing material was elicited . Various other witnesses clearly fixed the prisoner with the crime , and the jury found him Guilty . A previous conviction was put in , and he was sentenced to twenty years' transportation . —Prisoner : Thank you , sir ; I did not know I had so long to live .
The Inquest Os Be. Crook.—On Friday Fore...
The Inquest os Be . Crook . —On Friday forenoon , at eleven o ' clock , Mr . G . I . Mills , deputycoroner for Middlesex , and a most respectable jury of the inhabitants of Islington , assembled at the Pied Bull , near the church , for the purpose of inquiring into thc deatli of Dr . William Henry Crook , aged sixty-five , who was discovered with his throat cut in tlie Caledonian-road , near the new Model Prison , on the morning of Wednesday last . The particulars will be found in our sixth page . After thc examination of several witnesses , the jury returned the following verdict : — - " Wc find that the deceased , Dr . William Henry Crook , was found dead on tho morning of the 28 th of February , in a brick-field , situate in the Caledonianroad , Islington , with his throat cut in the manner in which it has been viewed by the jury , but how or by whom such wound was inflicted there is no evidence before the jury to show . "
Emigration from _EunorE to the United States . —It . B . Minturn , Esq ., of New York , a commissioner of emigration for the state of New York , has recently reported that the increase to the population of the United States by emigration in fifty years from 1790 , when the constitution was formed , exceeds the whole population oi the States at that period . The number of emigrants in 184041 'was estimatcd . it 125 , 256 ; in 184142 , 157 , 000 ; in 18124-3 , 112 , 738 ; in 1843-44 , 111 , 910 ; in 184443 , 153 , 622 ; in 1845-40 , 220 , 470 ; and in 1 S 4 G 47 , 300 , 000 .- It is estimated that about oO per cent , of this emigration
is from the United Kingdom . Of 129 , 000 who arrived in New York from the 5 th May to the 31 st Dec , 1847 , 52 , 946 were Irish , 8 , 864 English , and 2 , 354 Scotch , and this would be a fair criterion of the average proportion of tho throe races foi' three or four years past . In the same time there arrived 53 , 100 Germans , 3 , 330 French , and- 1 , 947 Swiss . The Germans emigrate more completely as a community than the Irish or Eng lish ; A . large proportion devote themselves to agriculture ,. jiarticularly in Pennsylvania and the now states in the west , where they purchase large tracts of land and form settlements * by themselves ..
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 3, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03031849/page/1/
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