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ICOUI-TBV EDITION.!
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US ^SBCE—IUJfUl-ffiLB. TJNITERSil, ETERN...
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a of It - a y J j *^4m W.^ K^
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- S VOL.l.No.9. LONOOR, SiTQRDiT, JOLT 3...
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THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. M. Mazzini has addre...
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Thk Poliss-Hosoabim. Revoqres. — On Thur...
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THE FALL OF THE^RENCH REPUB£l$p / By Xav...
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*I b elieve it a duty to reproduce the p...
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£to*fgtt a.to ©olonfa. iMWgtttet.
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FRANCE. Prorogation of the Corps Legisla...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Icoui-Tbv Edition.!
ICOUI-TBV EDITION . !
Us ^Sbce—Iujful-Ffilb. Tjnitersil, Etern...
US _^ _SBCE—IUJfUl-ffiLB . _TJNITERSil _, ETERNAL ' )] DISSOLUTION oF PARLIAMENT . TBE GENERAL ELECTION . _** dBjy OF THE ELECTOES AND NON ELECTORS i Giv me the liberty to 6 now , to utter , ana to argue freely accord _e _^ _-jo _eonscience , above all liberties—MttTOS .
_w ! fhe Fifteenth 'Imperial Parliament of Great li-giitain and Ireland' is no more . 11 The late House of Commons 'was essentially a i _lourgeoise Parliament , representing the interests of e trade , and promoting the ascendancy of capital . It b < _jid but little calculated to ameliorate the condition * of any section of the community of labour ; it ahso-I jQte _! y ignored and denied the political and social i rig hts of the great body of the people . t Its good - deeds were few , if any . Its sins were ( _BumeronE and deeply-dyed . I It passed a Gagging Bill to Muzzle the unrepre-I sented and -wronged millions of Great Britain and ' Ireland . j
It enacted an Alien Bill , which thongh not put into operation , was designed for the persecution of the friends of liberty , who , ' foreigners' to this country , might seek a home upon our shores . It sanctioned the employment of government spie 3 to excite the starving and oppressed to a 'breach of ibe Laws . ' It covered the petitions ofthe people with _contempt and scorn . It approved and applauded the imprisonment and transportation * of Englishmen 'and Irishmen , whose sole crime waa that of aspiring to give real freedom to their respective countries .
It rejected the demand for Parliamentary Beform ; and its chiefs calumniated , and ridiculed the just and holy princip le of UsiTERSAL SUFFRAGE . It refused to repeal the Taxes on Knowledge . It enacted a Military Conscription ( under the name of a 'Militia ') Bill , the leading features of which are , that the honours and emoluments of the new force will be monopolised by the rich , while to the poor will he left ' the blessed privilege' of the lash , and the option of serving voluntarily or by compulsion as fighting men in defence of a country in which they are as Pariahs , and in support of institutions by which tbey are treated as slaves . It refused justice to our Colonial brethren .
It turned a deaf ear to the people of the Ionian Islands and Ceylon , and treated their supplications for redress of cruel wrongs with contempt . Worse still , it sanctioned tbe atrocities of the tyrants of those countries , the British pro-consuls , IVaed and _ToKBKfGios , whose cruelties and crimes have linked their names with that woman-flogging hangman , the eternally-infamous Haynau . It made no attempt to terminate the horrible contest raging in Kaffir-land . It has permitted the commencement of a new Burmese war , whieh will cost the Jives of thousands and , at the best , can only result in robbing the Burmese of their territory , without conferring advantage or benefit upon the people ot this country .
It embraced no one of the measures necessary to recover the alienated affections of the Australian people ; on the contrary , it allowed the shameles _flunkey is _** _-. of a political adventurer—momentarily elevated to the post of minister—to add insult to injury . A renewal of the fratricidal struggle of eighty years since—a second dismemberment of the empire— ' looms in the future . ' The defunet Parliament gave no sign of sympathy frith the European nations struggling for the recovery cf their rights and the overthrow of domestic and foreign oppression . It permitted the assassination of the Roman Bepnblic . It allowed the invasion and subjugation of Hungary by Russian arms .
It left the Republic of Venice to pe * "i 9 b nnderthe murderous blows and overwhelming force of Austria , in spite of that Republic ' s petition for British sympathy and British aid . Its chiefs of both factions ( Whig and Tory ) jdared to applaud the cut-throat enormities ofthe traitorous assassin Bo * s ___?__ _bxe , and it did not condemn tbeir astounding baseness . _This criminal indifference to the cause of Liberty , this suspicious concurrence with Despotism , has been worthily rewarded by attacks upon the persons of British ' subjects , ' and outrages npon the national honour .
At home , despite the vaunted blessings of Free Trade , thousands are coniinnally flying from the country , and greater numbers would follow their example could tbey obtain the necessary means of shipment from their native _ehorcs . In the colonies , disaffection abounds , and the idea is universal , that for the colonists there is no salvation but through a forcible dismemberment from the mother country . On the continent England is regarded by the peoples as the accomplice- ! their tyrants , and by those tyrants is looked npon as a hypocritical pretender io
liberalism—a mean-spirited , huxterrog , trafficker , only worthy of blows and insult . In accusing the late Parliament , it is unnecessary to denounce administrations—Whig or Tory . Ministries owe their character to that of the House of Commons . All the powers of the State—the Chief Magistrate and her advisers , the House of Lords , the " milit ary and civil forces , are all of them—from the Queen in her palace , to the soldier in Mb sentry-box*—subordinate to the House of Commons . Ifmi _ -go _« Ternment afflicts the empire , in whole or in part , the great misdemeanant is the Lower House of
Parliament . The House of Commons is the creature of the general constituency , and reflects tie sentiments of the elect oral body . Ifc reflects tiie corruption , the _selfishjiess , ihe conservative tendencies , and the criminal inuifference to right or wrong , pervading the great mass _*» the privileged possessors of the Parliamentary Franchise . I grant the existence of a minority both of members of the late House of Commons ( exceedingly few ) , and of the general constituent "body , who seeoutre or less clearly—the injustice of existing _institutions , and who entertain a ( moderate and ineffective ) desire to accomplish some change . But taking ths _electoral body as a whole , it own rottenness is but too faithfull y represented hy that of Parliament . But the electors are not alone to blame .
The masses , so mighty in combination , so omnipotent in united action , have it in their power to change the face of society , to uproot injustice , and establish equality whenever they will . Their criminal apathy constitutes the argument of oppression : 'The slaves are content , or they wonld break their chains . ' To whine about tyranny , to mumble feebly of rights withheld , is bnt to parade abasement , and invite " contempt . Better the farced silence of Austria ' s victims ; better even the brute-sottishness of Russia ' s serfs . The crushed are to bo pitied , the i gnorant to be pardoned ; but who shall pity , who _{ _k _* _ra pardon , those who may speak , act , and he free ; "tit who prefer quietude , inaction , and therewith the *** isery of social wrong and the degradation of _politi-^ bondage ?
Eno ugh of the past and present . The hour of the _jattire is about to strike . The opportunity is given * ° efface the shame hanging over us by flinging to tbe freeze the banner of Natioxax Justice , and marshalling under its glorious folds for the recovery of _-tos Rights of aix . _W-ECTORS AND No *** ELECTORS : _*—ibu are asked by contending factions to give your ° _fea and your voices : — 'To secure the triumph of Free Trade , andextir-We Protection . ' 'To repeal the Maynooth Granf , and resist Papal _^ _-gression . '
„ Give your confidence to the Earl of DERBr , ' cry r _* one faction ; and the other as loudly enjoins you D ! jand by the liberal interest . , ' « at ridiculous ' cries' / What contemptible _^ afchworda !'—worthy only of a frivolous people _fatl _^ " _-tous _* of political inanity . When our _Jpers shouted for * Wilkes and Liberty , ' and when { j _^ g generations thundered for 'Reform , ' ai-« _'fgh there was more of the madness of party than *> : wisdom of patriotism in those cries , they at least _Uta _v xpre 3 SIoa to a genuine sentiment nourished in ' pan rt of " _¦ ne n-tion . They were more than _^ y cries . ' They were the articulation of a people Wr ? tllou g _* blindly . craving and seeking a _*• * f _« _ture . Shall Truth not command the earnest-
Us ^Sbce—Iujful-Ffilb. Tjnitersil, Etern...
ness that has heretofore been enlisted on the side of her counterfeit i Shall not the National Weal command a devotion at least equal to that , often ere now , accorded to Party ? 'Free Trade ? ' You have it . 'Protection ? ' It is no more . 'The Maynooth Grant ? ' It is a humbug . ' Confidence in . Derb y V No ! for he is the avowed sworn enemy of Democracy and Popular Eight . « Support the Liberal Interest V No ! for that interestis an ' organised _b-ypocrisy , ' ' a delusion and a snare . ' . _** n _^ " * What portion have we in Derby ; what inheritance in the scion of Bedford ? ' To your tents , 0 Israel _•* .
Electors—all you of the , . constituent body who acknowledge the oligarchicalcharacter of the existing representation , and profess to desire _its-rea * reform- — Non-Electors , who' suffer-nailer the evils of oligarchical rule—an oligarchy of landlords and usurers—To yon I appeal . * you I adjure-To shake off your apathy , a _* nd to unite at the approaching election to lay the foundation of a confederation , strong , honest , and earnest enough to pat an end to the imposture of the existing system . For that union there must be some basis—some
broad , well-defined , all embracing principle , on which to erect the superstructure of popular organisation . There is—there can he—but one such principle , that of NATIONAL FRANCHISE ; the right of all exercised through _those forma and appliances which the experience of mankind , and the wisdom of political _philosophers have combined to declare necessary for the veritable exercise of Universal _Suffrage . Let the unrepresented by their voices and their uplifted hands , let the honest electors by their votes , protest against the election , by a minority , of Legislators to make laws for the whole people . But let no barren protest end the work of the day . Let the good and true enter into a solemn league and covenant to win and establish the Commonwealth of Common Eight .
This only will enable us to obtain measures of regeneration , calculated to make our country ' great , glorious , and free '—the emancipation of the soil , the abolition of pauperism , religions equality , national education , freedom of the press , reduction and readjustment of taxation , aid to emigrants _^ justice to the colonists , and active brotherhood towards all suffering and struggling nations . These can be accomplished only by , and through , National Representation—by the action of a Legislature founded upon the principle of All for Each and Each for All , The Tory Premier has declared that his mission is to check the progress of Democracy- _^ -to stay tiie advance of the people to power .
His Whig rival has given unroistakeable evidence of his design to repeat the Reform Bill delusion , avowedly to prevent the advent of Democracy . The leaders of the' Manchester _Schoi . _! 'favour a farther extension of the franchise to more securely garrison existing institutions against the encroachments of' the dangerous classes . ' With no one of these parties have the people anything in common . Radicals , who remember the past history and know the unchangeable character of Toryism—Chartists , who have suffered persecution at the hands of the treacherous Whigs—Working men , to whom—because of constantly decreasing wages—* the big loaf'is a mockery-Democrats , whose hearts yearn for the regeneration of the Human
Race—Come from your homes and your workshops , horn factory and from mine ; rall y to the summons of DUTY , and show to those who wrong and degrade you that you will not longer tamely hear the brandmark of slavery . Prove to the world that you are not unworthy sons of the race by whom Europe was taught to love and to strive for freedom ; and by whom was laid the foundations , broad and deep , ofthe Republican Empire of America . Testify that the spirit of 19 and ' 39 yet has a home in the hearts of the British proletarians . No battle jetfor Freedom , "Was ever fought in vain In the bosom of merry England—Nor shall it be again ! L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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- S Vol.L.No.9. Lonoor, Sitqrdit, Jolt 3...
VOL . l . No . 9 . LONOOR , _SiTQRDiT , JOLT 3 , 1852 . _JttSEZSSZZZZ _. _-rz-r— _----i - ¦ ¦ ¦ _. - -. ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ _¦¦ . ¦ _... . ¦ ¦ " ¦*¦_ ¦ .. ' ¦ ' ¦¦ _***
The Roman Republic. M. Mazzini Has Addre...
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC . M . Mazzini has addressed the following letter tc the' Daily News , ' in answer to a statement which will be found in another part of our columns : — Sm , —In your paper of yesterday , 30 th of June , your correspondent from Rome writes , tbat ' when tbe Triamvirate imposed a forced contribution on tbe city of Ferrara , the majority of tho citizens refused payment , until the progress of events brought __ c _ the Pope . ' Itis a mistake . The history of the financial intercourse between the Repab . lican Roman government and Ferrara may be summed up in a few words : — Ferrara was , in February , 18 * 9 , suddenly , and without the -lightest provocation , invaded by General Haynau ; threatened with bombardment , arid ordered to pay totheAnstriansthesum of 206 , 000 scudi ; for which as fear of a general insurrection induced Haynau to retreat , hostages belonging te the most distinguished families were takea . Ou tbe 21 st of February , the Roman Assembly decreed that damages inflicted by foreign invaders upon one town of the state , should be considered as inflicted upon all , and , accordingly , shared by all . The decree was fulfilled bv the Executive .
The Trimnrirate was not elected before the 29 th of March . There never has been , under the Republican government , a tax levied especially on Ferrara . Ferrara did only share , ' proportionally , in the geaeraUrardeus ofthe state . Your inserting this will greatly oblige , sir , your obedient servant , Joseph Mazzini . 15 , Radnor-street , Chelsea , dulyi .
Thk Poliss-Hosoabim. Revoqres. — On Thur...
Thk _Poliss-Hosoabim . Revoqres . — On Thursday evening , the 27 th ult ., a meeting was held in the Exchange Rooms , No . 30 , to take into consideration the present depressed condition of the Refugees of this country . Letters of apology for non-attendance were read from the Revs . B . Carpenter aad W . R . Stevenson , tbe latter asserting that the condition of the destitnte strangers on onr soil was snch as to arouse the sympathy of all good men . Mr . Aid . Birkin was called upon to preside . The first business done was to appoint the following gentlemen as a committee to superintend the relief of the Refugees : —Mr . A . Darby ( chairman ) , Rev . G . A . Syme ( secretary ) , and Messrs . Edmnnd Hart , W . Hill , A . Wells , Jonathan Page , G . Gill , — . Whitley , and W . Stevenson . The Rev . G . A- Syme addressed the meeting , and began by reading a letter from Stanislaus Worcell , a distinguished Pole now in London , describing the distressed condition of the Refugees in that city , stating that though willing to accept any kind of
employment , they found great difficulty in obtaining it , owing to their ignorance of the language and habits of this country . The rev . gentleman , in continuation , offered the following suggestions as to the mode of dealing with the matter , and tbe meeting came to the resolution of carrying them out : — None of the Refugees now in the town to receive private _asssiatance , but to be relieved by the committee while they _h-idfo-ds . When this was not the esse , they were to furnish cards . No fresh Refugee to be taken under the protection of the committee , unless introduced by a majority of those now in the enjoyment of tbat privilege . The committee to find employment for a certain number of the Refugees , and toassiBt them till it be obtained . It van also stated by Mr . Syme that none of the four Refugees now in Nottingham want pecuniary assistance , they only require to be under the protection of the committee . The sum of £ 2510 s . was subscribed to the Refugee Fund by gentlemen in the room . — Nottingham Paper .
Accident io Lobd CAMPB _ _w ,, _* -On Thursday evening , at about a quarter past e ight o ' cloek , as lord { Campbell was riding across Southwark-bridge , attended by his groom , his horse startled by the noise made hy the gate ou tho Surrey _, side through which foot-passengers pass , became _restiff and threw him . Bis Lordship was cut in the head by the fall , but is we hope , not otherwise seriously injured . He was conveved at _onca in a cab to his residence . flLisfiow ahd South Webiebn _Rahwat . —Return of traffic for the week ending Juue 26--Receipts £ 3 , 903 12 s 4 a . ; corresponding week last year , £ 3 , 778 _VJt , lid . _Numb-r of passengers , 22 , 3 . 4 .
The Fall Of The^Rench Repub£L$P / By Xav...
THE FALL OF THE _^ _RENCH REPUB _£ l _$ p / By Xaviek . _DifaSrEB . ' ( Translated expressly for the ; - Star of _Fbeedom' )" ' " j- . THE DATS' _^ P _DECEMBER . Louis Bonaparte pretends , . to have _^ _-wen in December , 1851 , the battle of public safety . To _pitify , or , rather , to excuse his ambition , accomplices , and . Sourtiera have repeated in every tone tbat he had \ _witWoh _^ blow suppressed in advanre the crisis which in May _^ iM _^ _fbuld _^ ave overthrown French society , and put in peril Ihe future of the whole of Europe .
My recital will do justice to these lying declarations , * it will prove that Louis Bonaparte had not even that sinister and bloody excuse . No , there was no Jacquerie to be feared in May , 1852 ; far from having saved French society in December , Louis Bonaparte had himself , to gratify hia ambition ,.. made war upon that . society in ever */ , part of the country from one frontier to the other . It is he alone who has been the Jacque ; it is he alone who has struck a blow at the civilisation . of France ; it is . by him alone that the
_future of Europe has _been _^ ehdangered . I will show , it in a manner admitting of _uorftply ; but at first I leave it to the facts themselves to _cohfoupjthia . impudent apologists . I return to Louis Bonaparte _^ 'It is necessary , above aU , by his acts and his crimes , to show his true physiognomy —his real character . And , besides , if his own personal character was not one of the most immotal that history baa yet produced , it is enough to call to mind tbat the eternal scorn of the peoples be attached to hia name , what men he has made his accomplices , and his instruments .
Four men especially concurred in the coup de main of December 2 d -. —General . Magnan , General Leroy de Saint Arnaud , M * Fialin de _Persigny , and IVL de Morny . These are _nGw .. great lords , incomparable mi & i » tets , or _waniotB * , _thejrflJBBgse Turgot and Hoche ! - " , _What were tbey ye » _tei | p | _£ _; " . ,. _, > . _"J _|^^ ' -8 aw General -Magnan- beforf December , 1851 . I saw- um in 1840 , before the Cbu . * _d _^ Pairs * ,, inl 848 , on the morrow of the Revolution in the _offile of a journal . He was accused in 18 . 0 of having favoured the foolish enterprise of Louis Bonaparte . "With what bitterness and energy he defended himself Overwhelmed with the benefactions of Louis Philippe , could he have the slightest sympathy for such a wretched _and'absurd pretender ? What disdain he threw upon : the hareibrained adventurer !—with what scorn he niade _hifti _hiaj ? little and ignominious footstool 1 He nauseated even ' thoie old peers of France who had all their lives trafficked in _spoBtacies and _treasons .
, _In 1848 , on the _uforrow of the Revolution , Louis Philippe was no longer at the Tuileries ; . " he wandered throughout the night amid the rain and mud , along the sea-shore of Normandy . General Magnan was at that time designated in the ¦ Courtier _Frangais , ' of which I was then chief editor , as one of the household officers of the King ; he immediately rushed to the office of the journal , a prey toa grief which one would almost , have , thought ; sincere , so hard is it to believe in an old man ' s hypddrisy ! He , Magnan , the friend , of a King , and of Louis Philippe above aU 1 ,: He , a son of the _. _peoglfra _soldiei _•^ f ' tb _^ _j _^ _pii _jolipah wars l -Could any ono _&^ so _^^ _arfth _ _as / td . Tefiftf : irtta * - a rectification ? _Througtffhdifference , or , rather , for pity's sake , he obtained that rectification _,--more shameful for him than the imputation itself .
Six months later , the people , in its turn , was surrounded in Paris by the army of that same General Magnan , the muskets levelled , the canon gaping ; it was this General Magnan who ensnared , decimated , and cannonaded the people iu the 6 tieeta and on the Boulevards ; it was under the protection of the sabre of this General Magnan that , by the mixed commissions , and the proconsuls of provinces , the people hove been pursued , slaughtered , imprisoned , exiled , and transported ! From General Magnan to General Saint Arnaud , the transition is very natural . Like Magnan , he has led a disordered and mysterious life , enveloped in those shades which honest looks love not to penetrate . He is also distinguished by the same facility of condottiere to forsake friends and benefactors .
M . Fialin de Persigny is an old _sulb-officer , discharged from the service like M . Leroy de Saint Arnaud . He has distanced all the parasites of tbe Bonaparte family . Aa to M . de Morney , it is said he knew nothing of the coup d ' etat , until called precipitately to the Elysee , he was made minister . Regarding tbis man , all that is known of bim is a long list of infamies . All the rest is mystery , from his birth till his maturity , from his cradle in the little house in the _Champa-Blysees . The coup d ' etat was announced to me at seven o ' clock in the morning ; no surprise was mingled with my emotion . In order to judge of the state of Paris , I passed immediately through tha streets adjoining the Tuileries and
the Palais National . Everywhere already were soldiers , _Worses , and cannonB . On the Boulevards I met some journalists whose presses had been seized . I hastened to the . offices of the Revolution ; ' the gendarmerie mobile occupied the printing office , and brutally guarded tbe approach . The hureaux of the Revolution were still free , being in a different house from the printing office . In less than an hour they were invaded by a crowd of _citiaens , who came to demand from my colleagues and me what course they should take in consequence ot such an infamous attack , The question was a hundred times repeated , aud a hundred times it obtained the same response . ' Tbe Constitution is outrageously violated . It confides itself to yonr patriotism . Defend it ! Avenge it !'
I wrote in that , sense , 'in the name of the journal , a short and energetic proclamation , wbich was signed by some citizens , whom I regret not being able to name . * That is a regret I shall often , feel in the course of this recital . ' The proclamation of the Republican journalists , and that of the representatives of the Extreme Left , were conceived iu the same spirit , almost in the same terms . There are not two languages to express the same sentiment , the same indignation . I know too well tbat a single word from me might bring persecutions and aggravations of sufferings to those of my friends who still occupy the gaols , the prisonships , and the penftentionary colonies .
I may at least cite , amongst my collaborateurs , _Kesler , one of the characters the most devoted that I know , whose countenance , in a time of peril , has always been remarkable for two qualities which _doinot usually exist at such a moment , enthusiasm and sang froid . I may also mention Frederick Cournet , an old marine officer , of a proverbial courage , whom the Militant Revolution can count amongst the men the most determined , the most capable , not only to combat , but to command . Towards soon , notice was brought me that a meeting of
writers was being held in the bureaux of a journal , which I cannot name , as it still exists , aud to name it would be to aggravate its situation , already so painful and difficult . Kesler and I went thither . Almost nil the Republican Pres 3 was there represented . There was immediately written and signed a protestation , to which each of us contributed his word of indignation or of scorn . The place of tbe writers who had beforehand announced resistance , was no longer the office of a journal ; so we issued forth to see what was being prepared , no longer for-written protestation , but for action .
At every street corner , numbers crowding , sometimes noisy , sometimes _Bilentand astonished , around the proclamations of Louis Bonaparte , exchanged the most _contrsdic tory and strange- comments . The news circulated with the rapidity of the electric fluid . Thiers was arrested , and with Thiers , Changarnier , Lamoriciere , Baze , L . ffo , and some other Orleauist leaders . Not until long after was it known tbat Cavaignac , Cbarras , Greppo , Lagrange , and other Republicans more or less advanced , had also been arrested .
*I B Elieve It A Duty To Reproduce The P...
* _I b elieve it a duty to reproduce the proclamation written and signed in the bureaus of the Revolution at ten o ' clock on the morning of the 2 d December . -- ;¦ _- . . * . _- - ¦ ¦ Citizens , —In " contempt of a solemn oath , . Louis Bonaparte has violated the Constitution , fie brutally confiscates all the liberties of France ; ho proclaims himself dictator . Tho Constitution is confided to your patriotism . Befendit ! Avenge ifc ! .., ¦ The traitor dares slill invoke theholy name of the' Republic ; be speaks of Universal Suffrage . It ia aa infamous blasphemy , What he desires , , he himself avows it , is the Empire , with its despotic institutions , 'he _tro-M violently drag us back to 18 Q _1 . He thinks , he acts like the other Bonaparte , be ' who strangled the first Revolution . Let not the Revolution of 18 . 8 be strangled ! Let ll arrise and punish the perjurer ! ... :-. : . * _LonisBoh ' aparte is beyond the law . _Toarmsf . _"; ' - ; _.- _* .. "> .. ¦ Paris , 2 d December ; 1851 . - ¦ _XavierDu-rieii , _FrederickCeurne _^ Kesler , _P'lferl . _fc Gfisperini , and many other signatures .
*I B Elieve It A Duty To Reproduce The P...
The mise en scene ot the coup d ' etat had been prepared in such a manner as to appear directed exclusively against the Royalist parties . There was in the first proclamation of Louis Bonaparte a p hrase very little remarked until now , and yet , In my _opinioD , of very great importance * . Louts Bonaparte blamed the conduct of the two parties tn the Legislative Assembly , conduct wbich had been persisted in , he said , notwithstanding tbe patriotism oi three hundred members . These three hundred members were the Repub . licans in the Assembly , in whom was personified the whole of their party without . " Afterwards the Republicans were not heen
crushed , and if the . old parties have altogether spared , they have at leaat only suffered insignificant _oppreasiou . But , at first , they appeared exclusively menaced , exclusively attacked : in appearance there existed tlie most complete accord between the new Dictator and the leaders of the Democracy . Tbis was a contemptible calculation , an infamous absurdity ; for the event has clearly proven that that bargain was never accepted or offered , from the very simple reason that it was radically impossible . But it suffices for a moment , aa appearance , a suspicion to plant irresolution in the minds ot the people , irresolution which , when once produced , is rapidly developed , and grows in
spite of every opposition . Louis Bonaparte re-establishes Universal Suffrage . * this alone attracted the attention ... -the crowd J In a day of public emotion , there are brilliant , and so to speak , giddy points of view , whicb fix tie confused and feverish attention of the masses , eclipsing all else around 1 Louis Bonaparte lied impudently ; but the _grossheas of the snare was not seen at the first _glance ; it needed the more far-seeing , the more experienced jibjemark it ; it was necessary to remark tbat Lonis Bonaparte announced at tbe same time two Chambers , a Senate and a Legislative Corps , two Chambers mute , servile , ahd condemned beforehand to the moBt humiliating and abject impotence . He already inaugurated the regime which was lo absorb tbe whole of the powers of
France in himself . He proclaimed liberty , and the streets of Paris were filled with the cannon , and bristled with the bayonets of the state of siege . He said he threw himself upon the people , while he had at his orders five hundred thousand Pretorian ., in Paris and in the provinces , ready to stifle in blood any hesitation or protest . Had the people not been deceived by the lie of Universal Suffrage restored , I do not doubt but that they would have arisen in spite of muskets , bayonets , and cannon . But again , they could not at first understand it ; explanation was needed ; political and historical desertation waB wanting ; they required , in fact , to be spoken to , not only in a loud voice , group after group , but by the great voice of the Press , addressing at one time all the population .
Both means were wanting . The groups were already tainted by the presence of innumerable agents of police , with or . without uniform , preventing all expansion , preluding by individual attacks , the arrests en masse , and the massacre of the streets ; - —the ignoble before the odious , the blow of the bludgeon before the fire of the muskets and cannon . As to the Press , it no longer existed , if we except two or three bewildered organs of the old Royalist parties , who dared not express even their terror . I will not speak of these two great v . ices of calumny and outrage , the " Constitutional" and the "Patrie , - _"' which the "Pays" afterwards joined , to form , the most cynical trio of braggarts and adulators , that a people , crushed under the iron heel of cuirassiers and gendarmes , has ever heard . Add to all this tbat nowhere were seen any of the representatives of the Mountain . Little as I have been their
admirer , I hasten to add that this was no fault of theirs . The jannisaaries of the Dictator had prevented their meeting at Cremieux ' s , whilst they allowed the Royalist , to assemble in the most noisy" fashion at the Maine ofthe 10 th _arrondissement , constitute a bureau , name a sort of executive power , a commander of tbe armed force , a chef d ' etat major , and even to carry their manifestation so far as to cry from the windows that the President waB an outlaw . How could the people , I again ask , refuse to accept the change , when we recollect that for a long time before they had ceased to be , to speak truly , directed ot maintained in the firm resolve to give battle in defence of the people ' s right ? Did not Michel ( de _Bourges ) declare in the Assembly , scarce five days before , that Louis Napoleon would be his man if he re-established Universal Suffrage ? Universal Suffrage was established . What more could be exacted by those who had not yet withdrawn their confidence from ' Michel ( de Bourges ?)
God forbid , nevertheless , that I should altogether excuse the conduct of tbe people on the 2 nd of December . No ; there was in the coup d ' etat a fact above all questions , and against which a people that respected itself , a people penetrated with a sense of its duty as of its right , would have arisen immediately , spontaneously , without reflection or compromise of conscience , as was its duty in a question of honour and public morality . Louie Bonaparte violated the Constitution , notwithstanding his solemn oath . Were it but for this contempt of sworn faith , the heart of every citizen should have revolted , every Republican hand should have been raised to chastise and crush the traitor . The people were placed between a political question , perfidiously put , and consequently badly understood , and a question of honour , well-defined , a duty of conscience exactly traced . It
is unfortunate for the people tbat their intelligence was not suddenly enlightened at that decisive moment ; they already icno why what oppression , by what humiliations they expiate the Ipsa or abandonment of liberty ; they feel how many long and painful efforts it cost * to conquer it anew . But these efforts will be made , I am sure of it ; for these are always the people of France , tbe people of ' 92 and of ' 93 , the sometimes repulsed , but indomitable labourers for great and ligitimate revolutions . I mourn their past of deceptions and miseries ; I have spoken of the excuse , or rather the cause of their irresolution ou the 2 nd of December , and have said at the same time , that part ofthe blame of that day was really incurred by them ; but I believe in their future , as I believe in their right , in justice , and in humanity ! -
Towards four o ' clock it became known that the Republican deputies were not aU arrested ; those who were at liberty met in the evening ' at the house of one ot their colleagues in the Faubourg St * Antoine . There were convoked tbe Journalists , and every man of influence who felt capable ot sacrificing himself to the cause , even to the last drop of his blood . . I repaired thither with some of my friends . The Boulevards , tbe _Bastile , the adjacent streets , and the entry of the Faubourg were literally covered by a noisy crowd , animated , I am convinced , with sentiments hostile to Louis Bonapatte . * We also saw there the police and tbe armed force , who remained almost motionless , patiently enduring the jeers of the populace . The rendezvous was at the house of Doctor Lafon , representative of the Lot ; quai de
_Jemmaspea . I there met a considerable number of representatives , who were , as it will be readily conceived , violently agitated . Whether- they looked to the past or to the future they only found matter for melancholy ahd poignant reflections . They named a sort of insurrection committee , composed of Victor Hugo , Faure ( du Rhone ) , Madier , Montna * , & c , and having done so , believed that all waa said , They were mistaken ; the time was not one for deliberation , but for action . It little mattered tbat thataction was organised , collective ; it was enough that it was spontaneous , individual ; every representative was a living image of the Constitution ; wherever he showed himself he ' bore the violated
law , the law which , at any price , he should avenge . That immediate necessity for individual action , as widely spread as possible , was present to most minds . By a few energetic words Frederic Cournet showed its absolute necessity . The quai de _Jammespea , situated at a short distance from the Bastile , being under the very eyes of the police , Frederic _Cournit offered his own home in the Rue Popincourt , not for the purpose of there forming committees , or any sort of provisional _flovermaenta , but to agree upon a mot d ' ordre , and to appoint a rendezvous for the next morning—a rendezvous in the street , in the face of the troops , and of ih . whole population .
We immediately repaired , by different roads , to CournetB . The room in which we assembled was on the first floor ; instead of being spacious it was much . " too narrow . Members ofthe Legislative and of the _Conatituant , workmen , foremen , _some . Iawyer _., or . ' e ' . ofthe colonels of the National Guard , oflicerj of the same , force , and of the old Republican Guard at the Hotel de "Ville and Prefecture of Police ,, were here assembled ' .. With few exceptions tbey-were already known , and . could count upon ; each other . At first there was an in . ditctibable confusion , a quick interchange of anxious interrogations , or rather confused exclamations—a _uoUe tbat pre " ?« nted any one understanding those around bim . A dramatic incident wbicb occurred still increased the emotion ;
*I B Elieve It A Duty To Reproduce The P...
but it had the effect of establishing silence , by recalh * every one present the extreme jgravity of the situation . A . citizen called in aloud voice for silence , and , addressing man covered with a long mantle , cried . : —" _You _^ are * police agent ; I have proof , and am about to give it . " He pointed to a man about fifty years of age , whose name was _saaiy connected with the trial of Bourges , and afterwards with some worthless publications . In a moment , notwithstanding the dense crowd , everybody started back from him , and he was left in the middle of the room , alone , exposed to the looks of all present . Cournet said to him , in a voice energetic , but calm : — " If you are really aa agent of police , you are done for 2 Pass into the hall , from whicb you will never issue alive , if you are unable to justify yourself . "
The mau _defend _Vrnn _. eif baaVy , or rather he did notd .-J end himself at all . The opinion was that there was no mistake in designating him a police agent . He rema _' ned _tr _** closed for some minutes in the hall into which _Cornet hid introduced bim ; and the most important subjects were already under consideration , when a member . of the Left arrived to claim the man , offering to be _^ sponsible for him , and _engaging Himself not to allow him to communicate whh any one before the next day . We could not do less than acceed to this request . The representative took him away at once ; bnt I must say that his intervention left a painful and disagreeable impression . Advantage was taken of the
silence which this incident produced to come to an understanding . That ' understanding was , that the duty of each was very clear ; each might , on necessity , without accord with others , receive the mot d ' ordre from his own convictions and conscience . The representatives should put on their scarfs , and , a copy of the Constitution in their band , should show to the soldiers , in presence of the people , the 62 od article , by which Louis Bonaparte was outlawed . All the other citizens should follow tbeir example , and pass to resistance , using , for that object , all the influence and authority they might have derived from the services formerly rendered by them to Democracy .
The first rendezvous waa fixed for the following morning , in the Salle Rosin , opposite to the March . Lenoire , in tbe Faubourg Saint Antoine . They agreed upon a signal , and to receive the first fire , if the army made itself the accomplice of the traitor . I myself wrote the hour and the place iu pencil , and gave it to several representatives , notably to Michel ( de Bourges ) , who appeared a little before midnight . For my own part , I will never forget that last hour , nor the firm and determined attitude of tbe greater part of tbe citizens who attended that rendezvous of honour . There were there , I am sure , high-minded men , whom the defeats of the following days might sadly grieve , but to whom , thank God , they could bring no feeling of remorse . ( To be Continued )
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France. Prorogation Of The Corps Legisla...
FRANCE . Prorogation of the Corps Legislatif . —How the Money Goes . — _Anti-Bonapanht Demonstration at Belleville . —Destructive Inundations . ( From ok . oicn Correspondent . ) Paris , June 30 . The Legislative body held its last sitting on Monday . That its time was so nearly up before the spirit of opposition manifested itself in its midst was somewhat fortunate for itself , although not so for France . Had the deputies not been going Bonaparte would no doubt have sent them packing very unceremoniously , which I would have been pleased to see , as the most trifling event might suffice to bring on the impending revolution . During t ' biB last sitting , Edgar Key brought to them % _message from the President , in whioh he coolly speaks of the free votes and discussion ot tho Assembly ! He concludes with tho following sentence ,
so characteristic of the hypocritical bandit , every hour of whose life has been an hour of deepest infamy . *— "In France there is a government animated with faith and witb the love of good , a government rcBting upon the people , the source of all power ; upon the army , the source of all strength ; and upon religion , the source of all justice . ' ' _. How long is tbis abominable farce to last ? It cannot bo much longer . Bonaparte is squandering , at a great rate , the money of which he has robbod the people of this unhappy country . A loan is talked of as imminent , but the amount is not mentioned . The unprincipled wretches who may be induced to lend their wealth to support this rascally adventurer will well deserve to lose it in the coming day of retribution . As a sample of , bow tho Bonapartisfe thief spends his plunder , I may mention that he has bought , ready furnished , the Chateau of M . do Caze , near St . Cloud , as tho residence for his . mistress , Miss Howard .
The citizens of Belleville continue to show their hatred for Bonaparte . The busts , which _bs-i _hew deatvoy _. d , having been replaced , they havo again been _smasheii . Thirty persons have been arrested on suspicion . Jeanne Dervio has denied the assertion tbat sbe had been sentenced to transportation , but set at liberty in consequence of her " mildness . ' ' She has been at liberty for the last twelve months . , . The crusade against the Bickly remnant of the press , and the literary men who still remain in France , continues unabated . M . Chouippo , a doctor of medioine , and editor of the " Feuille du Peuple , " which has ceased to appear , has been tried on a charge of having outraged the Catholic religion , and sentenced to six months' imprisonment and 300 fr . fine . The Belgian papers are seized in the Post * office daily , and I hear it confidently asserted that they will soon be excluded from France entirely .
I have received accounts of inundations in various parts of the country . A letter from Petit-Noir , in the Jura , of the 21 st inst ., states that the destructive inundations to which that country is so much exposed have again caused immense damage , just at the moment when the farmers were about to reap tbeir harvest . In the village of _PetU-Noir , wbich is en « circled by tbe river Doubs , half tho houses are under water . The inhabitants have been compelled to fly suddenly , and seek elsewhere a shelter for themselves and their cattle . Ths fields , which promised a luxuriant harvest , present the appearance of a vast lake . Wheat , maize , aud potatoe _. ( tho poor man ' s crop ) are destroyed . The consternation is general in that part . V '
SPAIN . Progress of the Reaction—The Coming Revolution . The _patience of the Spaniards is well nigh exhausted by r the indignities of the Reaction . It ia the opinion of th « I nation , at least of the most intelligent portion of it , that it ~ . high time end to the abominable state of things which no exist . The government , well-knowing the unpopularity of f the court and its doings , not only crushes the liberty of the 3 Press in Spain , bat also endeavours to . prevent the circuh- , - tion of papers published in foreign countries , especially those s published iu Mexico and South America . These latter , not * > withstanding the expense of postage , and the little interest it _preaetated by . the old European news wbich they contain , _t , have a considerable number of Spanish contributors , who to love to hear the Republic spoken of in their native _Caatil _* -1 _* lian .
There is often printed abroad what would not be allowed _*^ to be printed at Madrid , Seville , aud Barcelona . But noww the Spanish Democrats are deprived of this last recourse _^ , and the journals are forbidden to reproduce the Republican *!! reasonings of tbe foreign writers , not excepting even thoBBBt articles which have no connexion , either direct or indircct _,. t , with Spain . In spite of all the measures of the Spanish government , _^ the counter-reaction makes suoh _progress , that a decisinin crisis cannot be far distant . Down with the deceivers I wib . il be the cry of the new movement , whioh must beoome go-go neral , * for the universal indignation is preparing the way / ay
SWITZERLAND . The Holy Alliance Conspiracy—Earthquake—The _CJeriealeal Reactionaries . In execution of the London protocol of May 19 , a collec . ee . tive note has been addressed by the five powers to _thethe Helvetio Confederation , calling upon it to acknowled _ges the sovereign rights of the King of Prussia in the cantonton of Neufohatel . The note , it is added , was handed to the the Federal Council by the French legation _. Accounts from Payerno ( in the same canton ) mention an ai slight shock of earthquake which was felt there on the the ; 19 th , at a few minutes after three p . m . At Berne ' _alscalsc ; two shocks were felt at the same instant _aBat FreiburVurV ; . The people of the Valais have voted the revision of tht _thti constitution by a constituent assembly .
- The elections for the municipal council of _Neufchatelhavtoav'i just taken place ; seventeen _republicans and elereieren royalists have been returned . The reactionary club of the College of Ascona _continudnun to conspire against the cantonal institutions , and thi tb [ wise laws lately passed for the secularisation of _institutejuteEi One of tbe most active of these clerieal rascals is an infainfai moua and immoral priest , bearing the very appronriabriati namo of Don _Adultwio-. ee _i _***~*» _- . _*~_ i
GERMANY . The Austrian Nero in Hungary-Priests and _Soldiers-Femafemdi _Vtcttms of Despotism . ¦ _- ¦ _.- ¦ . AUSTRIA .-The Vienna' » Gazette , " contains an " act tact « i grace , by which 103 officers undergoing punishment fat fee their share In the Hungarian war are set at liberty ; the sere sen tences of six are commuted to four years' imprisonment , ant , ani those of ten others are reduced to one-half .. Tho same num num - ber of the ' Gazette" contains sentences pronounced by tiny thi court-martial of Hermannstadt against forty _Transylvaniawnianit many of whom are condemned to death . Among the Bene Bene
_tenoed _isUaron Kemeny , who expired suddenly lb Londoondo . a few months ago . The governmental journals speak of the enthusiastic wtic W ( ception of young Nero by the Hungarians ; and as there dere dl not exist any , journals who dare speak the truth , their offir bfij cial lies pass uncontradicted . Private letters from Hungatungaii tell a very different tale . Despotism and anarchy aro alike ali _. B rampant in unhappy Hungary . The oountry is so infested feted tb robbers that neither life nor property is secure . Aa drhn drhn . head law _. _hasbeen proclaimed , the gallows , of _co'MWj & waiUwaili every one of the desperadoes who is taken , and the eona cona * quence is that . bey show no more mercy than they _expa expeu
to receive . - _ ' _-. BREMEN .-Two young ladies , _Mdlles . Meyer and Wild "Wiiii _derman , have just been imprisoned for political _writini . int . Itis stated ma fetter from _Yenic » , in thc » Indipindipn : dance " of Brusselsi that Hoisutb , with the view of coS col ! . erecting tbe effect produced by the _risi . ofthe Emperor _peror
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03071852/page/1/
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