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February 5, 1S4S. •»•• -. ** « « «, *, -...
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Soetru
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A WIKTER CHART, BT 'TBE BELFAST HAK .' ^...
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Qtbitm
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THE LABOURER. No.-XIV. fFEBBtJisr. A Tre...
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' WINTER WANDERINGS Ten years sinee ; be...
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Aa8wicK.—The w^rkiag clastseB thia ^ own...
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The concilium generale of-the university...
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DEATH Oi? GEORGE BINNS, THE SDNPEBLAND C...
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During the year 1847, there entered the ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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February 5, 1s4s. •»•• -. ** « « «, *, -...
February 5 , 1 S 4 _S . _•»•• -. _** _« _« « , * , - — - _— u THE NORTHERN STAR „ f
Soetru
_Soetru
A Wikter Chart, Bt 'Tbe Belfast Hak .' ^...
A WIKTER CHART , _BT 'TBE BELFAST HAK . ' _^ Ijo sorrowa for Spring- , is it I ! no , no , Throngs the sun of htr love there ara shadows of scow , And more holy to me were tie fangs of the asp , Than s heart having lee tfnd a hand formy clssp . J ( you've hate _letitras _* , _ify-on _' re lore let it barn _. For _yotr hearts tha * are _mBdimne a beacon would farm , _ifotn awaj witls y « r _sawr-rDEgned" timpm ' sg Sprint ? , 5 _Vt * s * B she f : _ifca _* _tw tedtXea _withyouag Melody ' s _wiog : gars it flutters _teft _& tl _^ ta _paaxing along , Yoa'd n _^* ke - < ' » f ' _pE p _bst sSe meaat as a song .
Por _thefevtr _' _et _sUr » oi s summer day _skj , "Who sighs or who sorrows ! not I , not !; Ig it mourn for the fierce Sashing spirit of _$ _ra That strikes _mid-uay melody dead at her lyre—That quaffs offyoHr floods , ana Inbnmrinlv » _lg * E ' en the last drop of dew from tba daisy ' * _parchM lips ! Then _jt'll chant of her love , _a-jfi 5 _^ 1 hymn ta the sheen Of ber tresses of _fJamesnd her ' _iJonwies of green ; Be itso—but her pinion ' s too ' _ariilfautly starrM To be lumbered with _lovs for : a democrat bard .
Is It Autumn !—away with Jier coquettish fro wa , Only kiss ye her lip and it -withers ye brown "; And she sighs and aha _« nS « , and she _eftbs and she fumes _. Till the yielding : grove . Sings her its holiday plumes _. To be whirled thror _^ _ttra'Soods , to be _breached on the grass , _Qr"fiungTip-with _a- _isaa-in _^ year faee as you pass . 6 h ! a prett y ° " . " pouter fcrawa AutntrfS . art tuon , With _atotsn in _yonrfeBeiB , and _deafkon jour brow * Bat ' a'certain _descend o ' er yourself _tfad your _deeda , Ay , sn ? 3 spua _frotr ths foam 0 ! your conqueror ' s ¦ S teed ' s .
Then tail to- thee _'Winter—thongfe-stern and _sewre _, I _cfia lava even _wrgfa when I knot ? " it sincere ! AcS your grasp of a hand like a patriot ' s lance , _SE & _fcea-tiess-nl-aE'ane tingle _thrssgh every gl & tse _* . "Tien yon _conra ¦ undisguised like tbi fearless _andtrse , _"* v 7 itb . year heart at yonr lip , ana 9 . song in it too * _^? or Old WinterVa bard _surea _' brotker may tell , And the forest ' s a harp he csra finger right well , Ofa ! to hearkes him there _whea tha _muiehetavoTHS _* What & war _» vflK > op he rings from the tottering oa * kc Then hip , Inp , hurra ! for His harp and _hrs-song ,
And their tree tempest bureau rush , rushing along ! For we ' re sick , heaven knows , of fkctr lute _^ 'laea sighs _. And their ¦ _sllver-tongnedTrtretas and tiwir sweet-azure akies , And th « -sestofthelt _eoitt-all-ttie-elegCftttuS , A * 4 we tern _, to thee , Winter—proud , _hoartt , and rough—Oh t I'd Tether be feeing thy cloudiest frown , "When tract-oil in yonr _fage o ' er the _tiering * town , Than bffteaatled in li _^ t in the _gaudieitfoower That ever nursed Jose her fire-Iipps _31 BoweT .
Is it wider , ha , ha ! 'fee hasleveiti'hii « rath—See _hispearls fair as _* 5 ght sprinkle-over _jourpath ; Asd _yoxtj _. streams only look , peeping ont : a « --ye past , "With tbeir _sweetesttif songs from his cages-of glass ; Bnt forme let _them-Ieap from thetr precipice- home , Shrieking out like Despair from 6 furnace 6 _* f foam _, hen away , like a Wit , o ' er _thered _" earth-and rocks , "While the whirlwind falls choked _wilh'ttair ewotty _loikt , And-the heavens Ting—not with *' fhe -sign of tee -rills 'Bat eg anthemTigfet meet for _a-child of tke bills .
Then-hurra for the hard of the _world-sweeping wing , And * hurra for therfcarp of thfrecrth . cleaving _stlog ! _ABtMrarra _fbrthe-wdtz , and the Whirl , trad the wheel , Of th « _Trprooted _oafes , crossed -end _tetseifci the reel ! Oh ! I I'd be -with thea _"Winterly f orest _« nd wave , _Amd-sry heart beating tints' _to « y « ar _hnrriesae stave ; Por _ttere _' s something so wild _> snd _gor-fiereely sublime , Ay , and fearlessly true , ia your < cbsat and joe ehisie , ' _TnafeihEj ring _feroagu ray-soul _like-tfcoshantof t * 2 _r free—Then the flood , or thB _wooo _^ _-and _thetssgtstfor me : _'Biasis oFiT _/ _ssras .
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The Labourer. No.-Xiv. Ffebbtjisr. A Tre...
THE LABOURER . _No _.-XIV . _fFEBBtJisr . A _Treaties on ihe Small _Farm-Sysiesi-cutE the Banking Sysicmby _vihiih-. it is intettSed _toberStzieloped . By _Feas £ ot .. _O'Goksob , Esq ., 3 € P . London : _fforthersi _. Star OSce , IC . Great _WindmiU-street , _Haj- ' _market . ; James Watson . S , = _& _ueeaIs-Hesd Pas- _sjsgejJIancbester , _AbelEeywood . _Co-operatioruis ; the _greatleve *? of nnSkrn _pregreia . ' . Feadaliiadidit _& srork _sgaicitdespotiam ; _snnieipJities against feudalism , _an'dioff . _^ w _^ eratlon is raising the working classes from under tho feet of that _midcie ? ela 83 tyranny wliloh has . grown out of
tie municipal asd-ecrporate _pmilegescfithe middle ages . Tbe _» Talaeef , co-operRtioai 5 < on _) 7 beginning to be understood- hjitbe people—end _tnaffiagnificent teeafee _juaSipubUshec by Mr O'Connor will do more to impress _the-pubiictwith tbo i & e & Iculabie T & lne of tbe _principle thaa-any _vrerk of modern or ot ancient times with _vrhisb . we . are scqnaffited . 'Oae of its . chief merits i 3 _.-thatittdeaJs with practical illnstraftlOBB J Mr _O'Connor . is no mere _tkeeretiesl politi-. dan , but he ferings < hia 5 _adgment acd _ezpspence to _oear npon tbe _KqairemeEta of the age , _SB _^ _-5-h iJe he . points to the tesain _* if ' ,.. iieYer neglecta _thesmeaiiB for A safe journey .
Jt is the prineij > Ie _. of . eo- _§ _jer & tion that _aeconsfa for -tis rapid _progfeEe . _amLetsnres the _Snal-sneosEB of rthe _^ ational _Lac _4 _Compaiy . _Withonteo-oparation ifeHoald be impossible for agioor man to obtain _possasaien of land . Firstly , he -would have to . _pnrciase it & tethe retail price j—secondly , he conld not singly 2 nd tiie means fo parchsfe . even at the wholesale oae , _Josr even to meet the lew . _Gipenues _attenrlEat on -such purposes . _Tfcs foi ! ow £ _aj proves at once _<& e _^ alae _= of « tM ) peration at _thejtarting point , tbe _pordiaeeKifiand : — There _^ re located on _CCennosviZ Ie thirteen _foar-acse _oocapaatg , £ ve three cere _ecazpante , _sadseTenteea-tno . acre occupants , whose paid ap _subscriptiens amountedto £ l 31 . £ s ., while tbe expense of . trsking out title _asdj _conveyingfe _» prepeiryamountedtc £ 76 5 0 and _^ _evalaatioBAnd survey to ... 43 9
Kaang _* 1 I 8 5 8 or within £ 13 Is .-erf the * whoUacsoun > _faid bythe _ocespants . Then we take && next _estate—Lowbaada . 23 Four acre _ocoepants paid ... „ , £ . 119 12 0 6 Three acre occagsnts paid ... ... - 3 8 0 11 Two acre occupants paid _, ii i 0 Making a total of £ IS 7 _i 0 _srHIethe expease _ofmafcine out the Utle and jeonveying tfcc _prspeity WBS _£ SI § $ _i , lOd , ( the cost ofstaaipdaty Blc & _e being £ S _915 s ., ) and the coit of _valnatiin cf _ontgoinge , timber , and _fistorea was £ 60 , _aaaking £ 27 £ $ t . lQi „ or £ SJ 5 _> . Vii . more than was paid by all the allotted .
_Oo-opsria , tlon then perforins the _seeming magic of enabling a man to _obtsin for £ 2 12 s ., £ 3 18 s ., or £ 5 is ., fxat which , _Bingle-handed , he conld not purchase nnder from two to five hundred pounds , eo high is the price af land when sought for by the poor . Cooperation , again , is the means by vhich tbe expended capital ia reproduced , —bat first , let as see how that game co-operation _reduces the" eZQ & RBG , and guides and braces the progress of ihe Company . It actually tarns tbat , which , to an individual purchaser would be a drawback , into an advantage . Many an estate remains unsold , from the fact of faein _^ burdened with too large a _honss—too _extensi ? e buildings , etc . Bat , how _doea tbis stand ia reference to the Land Company ? Speaking of the valne of such materials , _werse than useless to an individual , bat invaluable to a co-operating company , Mr O'Connor
says—Those who are not practised _Intbemoacof _eibmsBBg tie value of old materials lo a Company _fika ours , or to a landlord in tha situation I have been considering , may bs sceptical upon this point ; bnt perhaps , I may succeed in dispelling the doubt , when I State that I _estimated the value of building materials upon an estate of one hundred and twelve acres at £ 2 , 6 t 0 ; the valne of the materials upou an _estata of one hundred and thirty seres at more than £ 2 . 0 & 0 ; that the old materials and fences grubbed on the _Herringsgate Estate of one hundred and three acres wero worth neerfy- £ 1 , 600 ; and that the ma terials upon thU estate ( Snig ' s End ) ef one hundred and eighty acres-, are worth £ 2 , 000 ; and I mig ht put all down at a higher figure if I was to take into account the exact difference in value between materials oa the spot , and those whieh I have frequently to draw live miles . '
Thns _, co-operation enables ihe Company to obtain the Land and materials—it turns that which would be waste into value—and farther , it economises the working of the plan—it changes that into profit ffhieh wonld otherwise be % heavy drain on the Com ' _panyV resources ; in short , it saves the difference between a retail and wholesale price ; See how the _oo-operative principle simplifies and expedites the _vrorKingoftbeplan : I will EOtv make the _valaeo / _eo-ffperation apparent to all , by the savings in the single item of _noree powerand to this statement I btg the greatest attention . Perhaps those arithmeticians of the Press , who exptct tbat all the materials composing a cottage should jump together as if by msgic _, will cock their ears , when they learn that there are two hundred and fifteen tons of materials in a single cottage and out buildings . I will _uraish the table for their _instruction-
The Labourer. No.-Xiv. Ffebbtjisr. A Tre...
110 tons of Stones , _^ 25 „ Sand and lime for masons . ' j 30 „ _Roid 1 stone , allowing a mile to every fifts ' cottagM . that b six perches , .. thei proportion to each cottage , and fire tons to a perch . 1 5 „ Timber . | M „ Slat « _Um 8 and sand for plasterers , ' _egging for _Eltsheri , chimney pieces , ' _hearth-stonee , ranges , _atoves , and _^ _chimney-batB , nails , _iron-work _, spout . ing , pump , gtelnlng well , cement , lead for gutters , ond the little etceteras ; the _steinlngofthe weU alone taking from four to five tons . 8 . » Ste » e or gravel for making paths . Making
215 fent _\ _; »?« ° J 1 J eDtare topresume > * - * _ttwwIgnor-wmuM _, ' IS !?? ? _° n 0 " timilte of th _« amount of labour rel _quirwi f « the conversion of two hundred acres of an old ssstetn farm mto fifty allotment * -mth fifty cottages , _TCre _unaer the impression that all the materials in one _orthow cottages would _waigh two or three " tons ; but you will find that not Iws than 10 , 750 tana of materials _Mertqnirea for ths erection of fifty cottages . And having had some experience for the past , hired horse _powtr _, for the performance of that portion of the work , would stand me m two shillings a ton , making the sum of £ 1075 for that labour alone , whereas I can perform the _sasio _B-nontit of labour , and _fewre conveniently , at _nne-penceatsa _, thereby effecting a saving ia this _dc
_Barttntnt alone of £ 13 8 s . 9 _d . » fewuse , and in tbW t ; _alculatlon I _ma'ketto allowance forthe manure made hy t & o horsea . Bu * _ti bs my object Is to convince jou of tbe varan of co-operation , and to prove to you that the _teourisgqf that principle , will warrant < our _glring a bonus to those " wbo t _tfrnlsh the means , I shaw you that , from the differ . Bncatre *» reen hired _horee-pswer and so-operative _botseporwer alone , the party resting one of our cottages vrould nofhe the loBer of a fraction by laying a bentrsof thirteen * nda-half percent , _ortr and _aborethe'Saterest ; _thatis , he saves £ is *« . 9 d . by the money dfthe _depositor , in the single item of drawing _materSale to his "hcraee , as I estimate "firo value of a Cottage St £ 109 ., and the agricultural operations at £ 6 an sree _^ nnd es large S saving would ba _tweeted in agricarSural operations % y the difference _bstween cooopeiattve _latwur and hired labour .
T &» saving , _issi consequent _prrnlti _^ _aiBce money saved is _jaotFB y gained , especially to a Company formed for tbeTe-production of its _capital ) , pervadea every _branehiif -co-operative _eeonoiEsr I _convinced'rey bailiffs at Hfaster , that the differenve _betweenbtfvi _^ _g _^ _welv _* _meEBtta 8 ht , _Tto load thecarts with _stotre'ind _^ aud , which _waa'bat'ten shillingsaday _additiessl , _ifireeled a » _arinff aad ( hereby made a profit of : £ 5 a day , aB 1 take care te _* have _siiffieient power toloaa ! myhcrfesv # hS « _theyar _« _taToing , whereas yon will nee ) a _farcterVtesm BtandingYtrr aa horr or two _^ _loshigliim four « r _five"cfcillings , mere ! y to save the expenee _^ _-an sgV _ditiena'liaari ' B labour .
ivliile treating of _ctxeperatloc , Imighthcve _^ fliowc yoa a large-saving _ineveryother-SepartmenteftullaiBjf _, _for-wllieh the _Compsaj -womH bo gainerB _"bypajrag _twentycrfhirty per cent . 'for -a sufficient _smount'oi nroney toeaable them to carry out the coooperative'prin _. cipre ta Its fullest extsat . bat * T thisik I ' _have bettrsiiQ . _tiently _esplicit in _myTJetails _, and that _their-psrusal will ooavlnce the greatest sceptic of their _acouraoy . 1 'I might have _shownagaHng of more _tharroHohcndred-percent , in the s ' _mple < _ojreration of ploughing ;; the _alre _^ _teain _coniUlfng-offfman and driver , _and'four nones , _'Trh ' Ue two « _£ _* _siy _bortes with one mea _wlll-ploaah the « t £ S » _stground / and from the diffeHnso'Of _pacswill plough's _qaartertjfan acreper day _morethaf Ms'i ' red _eneae , Agaia , no _maeocwill-undertake to hnlUone cottegeat the _saaw rate thafae -will undertake _ro-bnild fifty _^ no carpenter will _ntrdertaka'lris'hiboar at the _same'prlce , while II-venture-to assart that tha dSftrence between
_wholesale dealmg and retail dealing ra timber , wsuld _amoant- _'to ever twenty percent , while _I-sa _allowededisconnt of-fifty _per-eent . upon all my ironmongery . Mr O'Connor new alludes to a feature in _his- 'Jian , bearing > apon one of the most important andoharac _teristicTeatores of the _times—machisssy . The great mechanical inventions of tha age , a ? _jast _senrce ot pride-for man _,-artrne proof of victory- « ver the- kierfc elements , 6 'f doajflion _oven _^ arth ; _thisti aa bee n pandered ths curse « f the people , whereas it-might be their blessing , ! _listen their labour , end _muHSply _resoarces . _Possesesd by a-few _capitiilists , it became their _enpee ; co-operation _onij- can make it theirhiies _eing : ; _atrf _totheidle-objectionthataosgricnlturalfendency _onthe part ov the population would check _« Eachinery , and crippte mechsnieal _industry the folbwing- is a striking aaswer : —
* I-wish it to ba distinctly _sunSerstoad- , ' says Mr 0 _* C « aaor _, *• _thatl am _hljhlc favourable , not onlyfio tha nEe > of ¦ every i * ejcr ' -m ' aa of _csechinery ( under _eertesa _eonditlaas ) which can be made a substitute fcr _tnanuatlabour ; bst farther ,: that I consider the _etteneiva employment ef _j _nanual labaar to those agricultural operatiecs to _whic _* h _machinery never c _» k be profitably applied , as calculates _tcgivMheg » 2 & _testposr . _ibIeimpetcB , and . to . _iJead to the greatest _impravement Ic Bseful machinery . 5 believe , " for Instates , that two-hundred and fifty ;; allottees located on one thousand-scras of ; hjad , would , nse . a _moch _larger _amoEct of _machjeery thantenfarmers- hoKiBg ten tho = iand : _acees of laad . _^ . and far itce simple '
reascn , that they . would discover that they could realise _larger profit by the _appffcation _of-cachlnery to some operations , while tbeir manual laboar might bafflore beneSeislly _devotedctoothes purposes ; for instance , though ' & rMechr _* soTeTgrewn threshing-machine _n-onldnct repay thee _^ _psasB of erection , it does not follow that a _thrashing m & _ehins _, erected on . a . saute economical _^ prinelpls and . asedacrecontinnaU ; , _woBirAnotpay ; my own impression is _,-that-the Small _Fcrm-Syitom _, _extensively acted npon _« _oald . « ry speedily ie & i to . the introduction of _^ _adarge _amosatrtf _maehiBerj _,. which « would be pMfitahlerto the owner and the employer ; to the owner , bscaase . con . _stant 3 y _* ea : ployed ; _antJ-to tfce _^ aployer , bocansehBBBuld _pay-thatr-oxact amouni < for . _iteiBC 6 that he required .
51 hn & tha value of « oeperstion dawns more rand more ¦ npon as , and it . _appease as the only agent ; by _whiohmarfa tyrant _(» aiba-tiinjed into hie servitor . This same principle , a . _gain , < q ? erate 8 po _^ verfullyfcr the domestic eomfort of the _agricnltneist . AS _presecfc _,-. if amian , by a _Suofey _. chance , _obtatts _possesaion at __ an . enormous reat . _ort « a or _thres _acreSiOfi land , Ilia . cottage is _genersslly _^ B _^ reat _distance fromj the scene of . his labour , _sisce it te tbe plan of land-: lordB to . discourage and remove a cottier teaantry . We may here .-aention that MnOvConnor has elaborately _and-clearly proved a leasehold snb * diviskui of estates to be vastly to the gain ofthe landlord , _sodiwe beg our readers < o pay parttsular attention to this portion of t _& efeestise . But , to
sesame—Great is tae . disa & rantageof the _farmer ., whether lavgei ¦ or small , who liven at a distance from ; _fcls labour-field , £ enee undertook -to convince Loed _Altharp _, that every : ¦ aan holding I , _< JCS _aoaes of land who -cuUireited wheat at ; the extremity of _hia-fersn , imposed cpan himself a tax of _awr one pound per qcarter , over and above the price at _n & £ = h the small former , ethoso homestead _wcj near hia _labcar-field , could grow it . 9 ff _i 3 j _> man who lives _ansile _, or even half-ainjle from his labour-Geld , will not putQzi as much manure , _trbich is the weightiest _agricoHsral work—will not icatr home aa
much . cam , hay , or root _&^ _-ssrith two pair of horses and fear men in the day , as ihe husbandman , whoso homeetesd i « In the middle of his _flaSour-field , will perform of any of thos « several operations-with ia thesama time with a wheelbarrow and a lad fourteen years of age ; while in _showery _ere & therhis attendance wi | I not he so certain j be _mtnteitherhas-efaismealdnnocmftctably _. crlosemachtin _^ _s Jn going ic _fciscatifigatopartuieof them wbilethe Etaa who lives _upeahis allotment is always / rep from _trespass _B-bas his eye « satioaaIIy over his crops , and upon his _aest , and takes _ehelter frjm a shower sod advantage af the sausbine . '
Now , it is by _^ _eeroperation only that the working classes can obtain land and cottages under such _advactageouseircamstances—for co-operation is the breaker down of restrictions . Again , this principle alone can develops our re * _fionwts , and recreate our dormant wealth . For the contrast between a co-operative farm , and that of an * exclusive , ' we refer onr readers to the graphic and striking description given by Mr O'Connor of the model farms of the aristocrat , Lord Torrington , and the middle class man Mr Mechi . HaviDg thus established the principle of co-operation , the reader will _fin-l , in this treatise , what success has attended its application to the Land Company . Alluding to the progress of that Company , we are told tkat : —
Paring tne first year onr receipts did not reach £ 5 , 099 , while in tbe second year , and that portion of the past which has transpired , they have reached nearly £ 100 , 900—some weeks amounting to £ 5 , 000— -while the receipts in the Bank , which was intended as au auxiliary to the Land Plan , have exceeded _£ 13 , 000 in the first eleven months _. That :-Tho society now numbers nearly one hundred _thousand heads of families , _representing half a million of people ; a fact whicla should convince those nno have been ignorant of the strong fraternity that exists between the members of the labour order , that the active mind of the industrious classes of this country is now steadfastly directed towards the emancipation of labour . Somnchfor the power of co-operation—now for its application : —
The Company has purchased nearly two thousand acres of lap . d of the best quality ; has erected _ons bun . dredandeisty cottages aad three noble ecboolhonses ; and has in coarse of erection ninety more cottages ; and its members have aright to expect , that , between the present time aBd the month of May , all who have been balloted for will be loca ted—the located members nuKbering between four and fire hundred . Besides the sum of £ 23 000 paid for the purchase of land , the erection ot one hundred and sixty cottages and three schoolhouees _, and giving the aid-money to those occupants who have been located , there iB now available cash in hand to the amount of nearly £ o 0 , 000 , while tbe Company possesses fifty-seven horses , _together witV- a valuable itoek of agricultural implements , Mr O'Connor then describes the exact r . atnre 1 of the cottages built , the preparations made for the
The Labourer. No.-Xiv. Ffebbtjisr. A Tre...
omfprt and security of the allottee , and feels authG- _, _ised , by _ibeauecesa of the Company , and tbe sound-• 25 _S-. 8 UJ ? foundation , in proposW a REDUCTION OFTHE RENT to POUR PER CENT ., instead of FIVE , as at present . J For the reasons why , ahd the proofs of how this would operate forthe profit and benefit of the Company , we refer our readers to she pages of tbis admirable _treatisa , Every member -of the Land Company ought to study it , and it ought to be a houBe-I hold book with the public . at largo , as developing the j great principle of co-operation , add showing the peo-| pie the value of the land and of their own labour . \ Another proposition of vast importance is a Sartber alteration in the individual amounts of rent , through
the medium of equalisation . Should any one be a sceptic as to the jastice and expediency of this , he J will cease to be so on reading the exposition of the reasons , and the conditions un'der which the change is proposed , aa contained in this treatise . We do not doubt but what every one will ba convinced—as we bave been ~ _-and having now alluded , at as much length as our BpaceallowB _, at the great principle _de » _yeloped by , and the alterations experience dema » _da ih , the Laud Company , we will proceed to consider the _chiefot those means of reproduction , by which quick and entire location is to be secured . We allude to the _NatiouaiI _Lai-to ahd Labour Bank . Mr O'Connor deals firstly , with the security ; secondly , _wit & the _advantages ofiered . As regards the former point , we are not called on
to credit mere _assertion , but facts and figures are arrayed before us . If land : is . the security most sought after by speculators , wo have it proved in this treatise , how the estates , purchased with the invested capitel , afford * far more than the usual ; _security for the investment— how failure is ! impossible , and how the c & vc < perative capitalist ; is safe freta the remotest _chance of danger . Our _readers will at once Bee , { feat we should not fee doing _jatftice to Mr O'Connor , were we to enter fnto details , _iathis our limited _spsoa ; but we _begtoipoint their _attention to the mea _* _as by which tho _Baafe 19 made _aeenre against a' rfen V—by which its _capital is constantly available ; _awdof the means by which the _Lttad _^ Purchase Deptatraent is to ba iadKased . Under thia last head we receive the _fbllofring gratifying intelligence :
¦ E tring seen so few-contributors to the _ta & ti _Purchase © _spECtment , perhaps this part of ths great wb « le may be looked npon slightingly . However the -slight "will be dis . _tptilsdwhen I announce that from _thisnsosrcealonei have already realised ever
TWO _TiBOUSAND _TeOTSfDS , j - ¥ . sd I expect _that'this branch of our _liirliertaklng _vAllj 'bear good _fruit'fdr'tbs society , while _It-WllL leave a _pneflt _' 6 ? more than "one _Tiwidred per cent , to tba contributors ,: _because no member-of the Laud T ' ar ' chs _. _ae Department ' ; will be able to procure tha _satso amouct of Land la ( he ; retail marke _* t '& _t'ucuble the price that 1 charge fer It . ; Aad here again .-the society Jias -tho _^ advantage of _'eo-l operation . [ One ofthe'mosfc _importaatpropoaitiona _comtalnedi in this _trestiSB _, is that of a 'BOWS TO DSP _09 I TORS 4 N TEE BANK , -on a _ncale _nnaKempted by _p riy _Banking House ki'thewcrld . A _Bantts that would , _uscier even _ordisary cironmstancea , as illustrated by -a _^ striking iUustration , increase the-icterest of'depositors ,, ( whose monies _sboutd _& hve been _deposrteoT'fe 12 month & _preTieu _£ y , ) . to _siatfVEa ' csa _*; . and secure the Bank against the chances of a run . In two _of'thc _investmeiSSs ahreauy made by the 'Iisnd
Company , - _^ ho Bonuses , unifcr the proposed _arrangemeni , would bo _severally BBS PSK i ' _GEJlTi _j _ailfl ten _Ascsjj-HAtF PERTjSHr . v _? _o recommend tH 8 _© ISPAica to study thia part" © f the treatise , whether anxious-about ' security' -or' _^ interest . ' We have now alluded'to ' -the more _salienti 'points of this 'M _markafefcj treatise , that we-consider the _mostiirjaportant' -ivot'k that has _iisausd from _fce modern press . There is no _tangible _objection ¦ ' that has , _nof'heen met and _ceinted-iit is the most'masterly of Mr'O'Connor _' _s many _fiaasterly productions'on this ' ! £ . r ? _-absorbts _^ _sabject;—whi le we will venture'to assert , that- _evenyy-at the great advantages _accrtriagfromhis . _plani'are'hut half perceived . We _recoiemend _fee _readisg _>{> f this treavise , "by a good reader , , at every meeting _> oHhe members of tiie Land Company—yea ! and af fee Chartist _LooaUties too _^ Mr _( XC ' onnor well appreciates the _necessitfcs of the age , and the spirit of '' , tbs . people , in the following worda : !
_I-fctl £ eTe _inimycenicienos-that the _longer-nCthhalditig _^ the Imd . froni Us l & gUimatQ * 2 _arposes will lead to a _revo-t ' _lutiotM 7 _hlch <; anrK 5 l bo stayed by any amonnt of blood _y shed _;< while the adoption of the _SmallM ? ann _Systemwonli _^ _eiervethe-eeveraLgBa tleB of society _^ making the ) rich Fisher and ¦ . the poor > ricJ »; and thus _giving all an ? _eqaal _iaterest in'tho raalateaanco and . p _? c 8 _ervatioD'St _thoao-uationalinslitationa-whSch would thenrfce equally protective of all ;? fcauB _-malaag Britain Indeed and ia ' tratb , tha envy . and _admiaation of surrounding nations ; -when erery _BriUsb-eoldier , - _stetlonel in hia « nn sentry . _bax , ia _« the centra e £ his _ownilabour-field , woold : fly to _^ . the crycf 'My cottage is _iniidanger wiUi _^ _gscator ala _^ _ority'tban tho _meroeaaryflieato the cry that- "The con _.-stitutioniis in danger . * Tben . you may _spilte-your gnns , ? _level-yoar maritime defenceB , and laugh _at-. Uii threat of ; _tthe pr « wS ; Bvad _« r ,
1 _'WhenLproteotloais . _notestanded in retsvn for _alle-i _giauce _, _layalty is hut a ; fragile thing . -The . affects ofj rireatsade _. if _notqualfSedbypniident and _necessary ; con- ; aasslonp ,- _* riU weakea the loyalty . of the landlord olas ? , ; vrhea their _^ _estates , _dlciaiahediic value , aro : _coable _toi _soxtain _aipeimaaent > bardea ;; _aod , _high-se-unding and ; mighty as-the loyalty of _ttbe-cbareh now iB _,-tako away : tithes to-mo * a"ow and -clorical . loyalty would _foUowithein _ou . tbe- next day . What . right , then , has a country to _expsct . jjnconditional loyalty from those in _retarn -fori whose allegiance ao protsction . Is r & _ildered ? 5 s * » ¦
TGme-fls ' _poKtlcalagitationhashaoa since the < anticipatica . of happiness and . contentment through social ehanf * 3 ; baB _tb _« aa created , 1 _wouldwarn the _priviteged , the mcnqpoIl 6 t ,. -acd all who Jive _tjpon the depression of wages _aonsegueiit upon the _abstraction of the soil -of tbe country _from-iteJegitimate | _airposes—< he support and _sustena & ce _. of mac—tbat any attempt to _frostrate or _destroy the * anticipation would dead to a _-eiate of -disorder in which the Willingness to _piHshaae weald be changed into a demand . for restoration ; and'that it is _utterly hopeless _foranySnglish _mlnlstee or . government longw ito attempt to _aupport an increasing idle _^ _laes npon tho diminished resources -of the _induttrious .
We trust the people will follow ibis _adyice—and _dKJlyroand their _glorious Land Company ., their ' truly _'JJational'Bank , and , by union and , . organisation , deter the envious monopolist froia t any . endeavour to _thrrart their progress .
' Winter Wanderings Ten Years Sinee ; Be...
' WINTER WANDERINGS Ten years sinee ; being a narrative of remarkable adventures during a five day a' journey between the cities oi loronto and Buffalo ; undertaken under peculiar circumstances in the month of December , iw 7 , by
WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE , THE CANADIAN ' hEBEX , ' Formerly mayor 6 f Toronto , and member of the Legislature of Upper Canada . ( From the Toronto ( Canada ) Globe . ) ( Concluded from our last number . ) I got a fresh horse near _Ancaster , from an old com . rade—a noble animal , who did _mewoellent _aorvicepurBued my Journey in a concession parallel to tbe Mountain _Boad above Hamilton , till I came near to a house well lighted up , and where a guard was _evidently posted to question wayfarers-ana , as It then seemed the safest sours * , pulled down the worm fenee , and tried to find my way through the _Blnbrook and Glanfdrd woods , a hard task in daylight , but far worse in the dark .
Por _sereral weary hourB did I toll through tho prlmevalfomt , leasing my _horsa , and unable to get out or find a path . The barking of a dog brought ma , when near daylight to a solitary cottage , and its inhabitant , a negro , pointed out to me _Twenty-Mile creek , where It was _fordable . Before I had ridden 0 mile , I came to a smalt hamlet , whioh I had not known before—entered a house , and , to my surprise , was instantly called by name which , for once , I really _hesitatod to own , not at all liking the manner of him who had addressed me , _though I now know that all was well intended .
"Quite carelessly , to _appearance I remounted my horse and rode off very leisurely—but turned the first angle and then galloped _Ws , turned again , and galloped still faster . At somo ten miles distance , perhaps , a farm newly _cleareS , and situated iu a * by . place , seemed a safe haven . I _tatered the house , 'ca " ltea for breakfast , and found in tho owner a stout Hibernian farmer , an Orangeman _frctea the north of _Ireltfrdl , with a wifa and five fine cat < K < y _~ headed children .. _Tko beam of a hai . < auce marked 'Charles Waters , mater , ' had beea hung up in a _conspicuous place , and 1 won ascertained that ! said Charles resided in _K-ontnis _!^ and that my entertainer ' wds & is brother .
I took'breakfast very nraeb . at my leisure , saw my _horae watered , and fed _With'OtiSs in the sheaf , _anOt _& en asked * Mt Waters te tea bo _ktna as to put me iutue way to the "Sjomtain . roaii , 'Opposite Stoney-creek , _tfhkh he _BgresUto do , but evidently _^ ith the _ntmoat reluctance . 'After we had travelled tfiout a quarter of n _mila ia _'the'Weode , he _turaed'rounft at a right _afcgle . « id said 'that _^ _waa the way . « N dtto tbe road , ' -said 1 . No , but 'to * _25 rifolntyro , _« _Io _lnagfcfrflte _, said be . Hew we came ¦ to a full stop . _Se was _mtout and _bsrley tt , email and -elttht made .
1 soon fowrf _that'be had not even drearo « 4 of me aa evebel ; bie «« B < llng _* Ke & was , that t haa a ( habit of bor'rowing oth . efmenVh ?> raeB _withoES their _'espreoB leave— : in other wains , that I was a _uwse-thief . Horses had ! 'been stoles , and hr- only did his _dutyby carrying a ; doubtful c « ae _bifwe the nearcitijuflueo _. _'ttthom I inferred ji tobe onctif _' _McsfElB _' a cronies , as he-waa a new man of ' whom I taa \ a'never _* befofe _hetrrd , though a freeholder oi ] that district , and 'long and _cntlmarely < acqualnted with ! Us affafefl . _Thia-was'a- _* edl puzzle . * Shoutd I _^ _all Waters -who I was , itwas tin to one baft he wOUlE _aelza me for ; tho heavy Toward , '< cr ? out of tcsre . party zeal or _pr _^ _uulce _. If IVEnt'fceforo his ne ' g & bour , the mew-made juStioa , he wculd _ctoo'bticBS know -and detail : me on a _^ bat < ge < of _fcigh'treason . I asked _i _&^ Watera ¦ to explain *
'Iter Baid lb fit I had _coKo , _irvgreat haste , _tofers house , on _«' _Decembtr Sunday morning , though it was-onmo puttie rothJ , with my - clothes 'torn , my faee _'baeiy _scrfctched , 'aad my hor stall in _u'faam , that I ban refused to « ay _who'I was or _rifcere'T ' came from , ha _3 paid ' bim ft 'dollar "for a ' very humWe breakfast , been in haste tdietire _, and _waeriding ono of tbe finest horses in ' _Ocnada / _mekiagtit _tbesame time for the frontier bythe _cso 8 _t"unfreqaented-p £ _thB , and that many horses'had been recently borrowed . _Mymanm-r , he _>« dm ! ited ,-d'd not indicate anytbing _< wrong , hut why did 'I _sta'diouOy 'conceal my name _and-baBincss '; And If-ell was night -with me _. _^ _whatfhad I to _fear'from a _vislt'to the ' -house t > f tba nearest msgiBV . _-att _f S
On the Tuesday 'night- in the suburbs of "Toronto , 'when a < _BoedlesBipaaic _bad-aeised _both-pavties , -Sheriff ' _Jarvls _Ipft ' his * _horso in _Wrhsste—It was oae of Mae-best _wi'OamsSa , _abBsictSful-anhaal—and I _^ _oda him till Thursday , wearing _^ he _cap _- of < J , _flatfraer , one -of ssy yoDrjgmea _. _iay'hathavlng-been _knocked off _iniatolrmieh-ia' _-whioh oneortwo- « f our men-were shot . . 'This _bormet-ronge , mytem , _homatspun , _sorry-alippers , weary gait anoVanahavon beard , -were assuredly not _mut-t Ib keeping _^ wi th the charger I _^ _ae riding , end ' I had nn fortunately _glven'sso reply-Whatever _to-seveiral of his and and-his good -wifero home _^ questions . My _ohanco-to'fco triad and condemned la < he _> _* aall where H had often sat te . ( judgment . upen other ? ,- _« ad taken -a share in tbe shapeless drudgery ef _oolotial legislation , -was now seemingly very good—but : I did cot _quitcdefpair
The _oooapefroai '" Waters in that dense-forest -was entirely hopeless—4 o " 'hlow _oufhis brains , and him _acting -quite conscientiously , with -his five pretty children at kome awaiting hbvearly _returc , I could have done it with ease , _asffitr _as-ogpertunUgteent , for he evlder . tly had no suspicion of that , and my _pistel was now loaded and flare fire . -Captain Powell , when my prisoner ten days * before , and lhino ; _parsonal danger , had shot the brave 'Oapt , Anderson _Sead , and thus left eight _children father 4 . less . No matter ;;?! could -not do It , comev > bat might ;' _^ _olhelda rparley with my detainer , talked _tc-him about ! -religion , aad the civil broils , Mackenzie , party spirit and : _lErStraohan _; _and'feund to my _^ reat surprise _» and real delight that , _though-averse to tbe obj-ct of _the-revolt , he
-spoke of myself in terms of . good will . Mr MeCabe , his next door _neighbanr , bad liven near me in _H 2 S . at : ' . _gusenston , _andihad _« pokon so well of myself _andsfamlly _todiim as to have _linterested him , though he _ihad not met me before . ' - £ am an _oldfnasistrate _;^ aid _> I , 'but at _prefiootln a situation of somo difficulty . If I / Can satisfy you -ae < t > . who I am , and why < I am here , _woefd yoa desire to _^ _aln the price of any smut ' s Wood V He seemed to shudder _at-. the _stry _^ idea of such atbing . I _fe _« n _adraiuUtwiad an oath _rt-o bim , fand with more solemnity than I had war done tbe like when acting _^ _judiciaUj . _] he holding up hie right hand as we _Ifui and Scottish _Presbytcduns usually _4 o ,
When he had ascertained my name , which I showed him on my watch aud _seale , in my pocket book and on my linen , he expressed real sorrow on account of the dangerous situation in which Istood , pledged himself te keep silence tor twenty-four hours , ae I requested ; directed me how to get into tho main road , and feelingly urged ms to accept his personal guidance to tbe frostier . Firmer Waters had none of tho _/ adas blood In bis veins , tbat _' _a certain . His innate sense ef right led bim at once to tbe just conclusion to do to his fellow creature a « he would be done by . I perceived from _his remarks , that be had previously associated with my name the idea of-a much larger aud stouter man than I
am . When I was fairly out of danger he told the whole story to bis neighbours—it was repeated and spread all over—he was soon _ceizjd end taken to Hamilton , and there thrown into prison , but afterwards released . Sometimes I venture to indulge a hope tbat tbe iron rule I _oncecontf nded against ib quietly passing away ; and tbat her Majesty will , one of these days , alW me thehlj > h gratification , of whieh J should assuredly avail myself , _« f taking ono other breakfast with Farmer Water * and _ehaking hands with his famil y . Wo wouldn't say a word upon politics—not a word .
When I was passing tho house of two raw , Kerr and Sidey _, who were getting ready , I supposed , to go to church , I asked some question aB to the road , again crossed tbe Twenty Mile Creek , and at length re-entered the mountain path , a little below where a military guard was then _ctationod . While In sight of this guard , I mcveioniflryalovvly _, an if going to moating , but after . Wards used the rowels to some advantage in the way of propeller * . Some persons whom I passed on the road I knew , and some I didn ' t . Many whom I met evidently knew me , and well was it for mo that day that I had a good name . I could bave been arrested fifty times beoro I readied Smitiivillo , had thp governor ''' person and proclamation been generally respected . * # # * { A portion of the newspaper ( from which wo copy this account ) ia here illegible .. )
I turned abort towards St Catherine ' s , when I got to SmithvillO , and _Beeroed to bavo taken that road down bill at full speed . Inctead of doing so , however , I turned n cornir , put my horse very quickly in the stable of a friendly Canadian , whose sire was a United Empire _loyalist , entered his hospitable abode , ho being still at church , beheld my pursuers interrogate a woman who had seen me _paca , and then ride furiously onward by the St Catherine's Head , and then went quietly to bed , and rested for some four hours , had a comfortable supper with the family , and what _clothes I required . A trusty companion was also ready ta mount his horse and accompany me the last forty miles , to Buffalo , sheuld that attempt prove practicable .
Samuel Chandler , a waggon-maker , rosided in tbe Western States , but I Jo not know whero . Ho was fortyeight years Of ago when he volunteered , without fee or reward , to see me safe to Buffalo—had a wife and eleven _okildren , and resided In Chlppawa . He is a native of Enfirid , * 3 onn ,, and had no connexion whatever with the civil broilo of tbe Canadians ; but when to _! d , in strict confidence , of the risk I ran , ho preferred to hazard transportation , _orloss of life , by aiding my csoipa , to accepting the freehold of 8 , 000 acres of land Which would hava been the reward of my betrayers .
Other ciroumstances afterwards excited Ills _feellagB , and he joined the party token atthe Short Hills , of whom Linus W . Miller , John Grunt , John Vernon , hhnaelf and others were fried beforo Judge Jones , at Niagara , sentenced to suffer death , but banished to Yan _Diemen ' _s Laud . Chandler soon escaped in a Yankee whaler , sailed round the world , aud when ho reached New York , on hia return to his family [> _ftar I had ' got out of Rochester prison , ] f was in no condition to aid him , which I very unavailingly regretted . A more ttusty , faithful , brotherly-minded man I have never met with ; may heaven reward Lord Durham ' s family for saving his life . Why ' is it that mean and greedy knaves roll in wealth and affljence , while whole-souled nobles of Nature , like Samuel Chandler , who would disdain a
' Winter Wanderings Ten Years Sinee ; Be...
dishonest action , bare to toil on their weary way through the journey of life ? It was about eight o'clock on Sunday night , when Chandler and I left Smitbville . We turned our horses ' heads towards Buffalo , crossed the Twenty , ventured to take a comfortable supper with a friend , whose house was oa our way , crossed the Welland Canal and the Chlppawa rlrer , steering clear of tbe officials in arms in these parts , and got safe intoCrewIand before daylig ht . We soon awohe Mr C- — _, left our horses iu his pasture , and he _Immediatsly _accompanied as on our way to tho _Nlagafa river eh foot .
On inquiry , he _foand that all the boats on the river (« _acept _iSms * at the ferries , which were well guarded , ) had been soloed and taken oare ef by the officers of govemni & Ut . " -There wa 8 but one exception . Captain McAfee , © f Bertie , _^ w resided on tbe banks of she ¦ _Sfingarft , opposite tbe he-ad of € > rasd Island , was bs-Ueted to have kopk one of his boats locked up beside his carriages . I hesitated not a moment iu advising Mr — , to _statb the difficulty I was in to him , in case he had a boat , for , although he had had no knowledge of , or belief and participation in , the outbreak , yet he was well known to be a strictly upright man , benovolent , not i covetous , a member of the _Uethodlst Episcopal _Cuureii _, very rellgtouB , and in all be said or did , very _slneero .
; The brothers De Witt are censured forgiving up to Charh e II . ( who had beea himself a fugitive ) , and to a oruel death , three of bis _father ' s _judges ; and the po & v and gallant Scotch Highlanders , whom & mammoth bribo of £ 30 , 000 could net tempt to betray tbe heir to tbe Crown , when a wandering fugitive in tbe native Und of his royal ancestors , are held in honour . The Irish 1 peasants who refused to give up Lord _Edward _T ? i _' zg «* _sxldl to his country ' s oppressors , for gold—the poor Bailors who enabled Archibald Hamilton Rowan to . escape from Ireland attd an untimely fate , with the prMftimed reward oa a handbUl in . their boat , and tire throe bold Englishman who saved tire life of tbe _doomed _Lane-, _doyero , have the merited "applause of nn _edmiring world . Are those noble cit '& _nrs -of Upper and Lower Canada , _wlrain wealth could _< h « tempt to giro bPj nor danger deter from aiding _tfcfi saving their fellow men , though many of them wei * e opposed to tbem in politics , and at a time of tbe _tftt _^ _cgest politlaal excitement—tiro they 1 less _dcaetvlng-of _> t * be meed 0 / pabSc approbation t
Mr Samuel _M' & fee is now over sixty years of age , and , I tblnk , be ' -h of the _New-ltsmpshire family 6 i that name , who ( flayed their part like men in 1776 . Our movement lead proved a failure , and he knew it . He was wealthy—had a large fatally—and risked everything by _BBs ' _stlng me , yet he did ! _rjot hesitate— no , not even foramemant . , As well as I can now remember , it waa about nine on Monday morning when I reached his farm—which was one o _* the finest on the river—an excellent breakfast bad been prepared for ss , ahd I waB much fatigued , and also'hungry _, But there was a military patrol on the river , and before sitting down to a repast , I thought it _srife t »« tepoutand 'see if tho coast was clear . Well ffo _? me it was that I did so . Old Col . Kerby , the Custom-house officer , _opposite Black Rock , and his troop of mounted drageo & _s , in tbeir green uniforms , and with * ii * * r _earbineareafly ,. were ao close npon ns , riding up by tho bank of the ¥ iver , that hod I not then observed tbeir -approach thoy would have caught me at breakfast ,
Nine men eras of ten , iu such an emergency , would have hesitated to assist me , and to escape by land was , at that time , evidently impossible , Mr M ' Afee lost not a _moment—itfis . boat was hauled across tho road , and launched in'the stream with all possible speed—and he and _Chanfilftr and I were scarcely afloat in it , and cut a little way bslow the bank , when the old Tory colonel , and his _g-freen-coated troop of horn , with their waving plumes , were parading in front of his ( Mr _M'Afee _' _s ) dwelling , How tm escaped here is to me almost a _mfraclo . I had _reSfc ' _sd long in the district , and was known by
_everybody . A boat waa in tbe river , against official orders . 'It v / as near the 'Shore , and the carbines of tho militoTy , 'Controlied by tbe < oHcctor , would have compelled- _usto return , _oriare killed us fer disobedience . Tho 'Colonel assuredly did nst see as , that was evident ; ho turned _rounS at _the mioment to talk _toMwM . and _hrer' 3 a . ughters , who were-standing la the parterre in _front- _"Of their house , fall -of aoaiety on -our account . But of his _companions not atfew must have seen tho whole-movement , _anfi yet we _> were allowed to steer for the head of Qrand'IslanQ with all the expedition in our _powevwithout interruption , mor was there a whisper said about the matte ? for many months _thereafter .
¦ In < ac hour we-wer _* safe on'the _Amencca shore ; and that-night I Blept _> und ( Tthe _> ven « rable _* € ol . ' € hapin gho _8-pltaWe-Toof _, with a « _7 _olonteenguard , Th © excitement which then : prevaHed in Buffalo baffles my _powers of deserjEfion . _My-opinion as to what should be dene was asked by many , 'but was not followed , I was / for crossing at once to tbo Canada side with plenty of arise , but tbis was overruled by -those who knew less of thc . peoplo . Savy'Island wae then _eelect » d . as a _randezT-ouG , and I waacne of _twenty-six who took possession of it . . 'After the waote of time'tiiere , and ita _evacuation , I again counselled & n immediate crossing -near Buffalo , _whlch-Kr'VaniRensoelaer _, as he _haeetat ) e < l « uoceBBfully opposed . I am-keartily ~ glad that we-fai'ed .
Having known , _bytpainfol experience , what it is to be a fug itive and ft wanderer , _seekiEg shelter from the enmity of those wbo-tbirsted _jfor-mj life "* * blood , -God forbid that _£ _shonld ever again be a , party to orAhe advocate of _. jany change that would deprive the -unhappy African race of tbe only city of refuge that is lefc them from tins ' vengeance . cf their -cruel oppressors on the North _Amarican continent , and _disturb the _tranquillity of _the-Old and New . Worlds , to . extend the dominion _^ nd power . of the aria toratic slaveholder , under the plausible appearance of _increasing ' the area of freedom , '
The-Southern _States _^—and th « y form the governing _section of the Union , are filled with _ftndal barons , who hold the soil in perpetuity . The native-born labourer and his unhappy offspring are their slaves' In Britain and Ireland we find twenty-seven millions of people , _soi one man Is several hundred of whom owns a foot of the soil 1 q the _iand of bis nativity ? A person born in theiUnlted Kingdom finds himself on 0 social and political equality , at least , With < _sther colonists , the moment he roaches _Canada , He is hot branded as a ' foreigner / But ,-unfortunately ,-tbe _Canadian has no share In the control of national . affairs . He is a mere colonist ,
la tbe Western aad Northern States Europeans are , as a elate , distrusted In politics , and kept perpetually in the _background . Their birth places prove a perpetual injury to them , By the Biateand Federal Constitutions they are declared to owe a double and most inconsistent _a'loglance , nnd a numerous and not unpopular party are most anxiouc to place them on a far lower platform tbnn 'ven that which they now occupy . In tbo Republic they number , like the Africans , more tban three millions . My wiBh would be to see a home provided for the European Immigrant on this Northern Contioeht , ia which without being reduced to the equivocal temporary oonditlon of a mere colonist , he would find himself placed on an equality with his native neighbours , and _Hevor find tbe p lace of his childhood and the memory of his earlier years a bar to his success in life , or political and Boclal enjoyments .
Long _afterj'my escape to this Bide , the gallant Colonel Loant was enabled to reach tbe frontier , but with very great difficulty . A boat was either obtained from this Side or built , but the ice above Buffalo obstructed its passage . He was soon recognised by some soulless wretch of the bouse of Iscariot , wbo got the 2 , 000 dollars from Sir FranciB Head . Sir George Arthur Boon after ordered my much injured oomrade for execution at Toronto , with Captain Matthew ? . Thirty thousand signatures for pardon , or a milder punishment , to the venerable legislator , were , as Lord Durham tells hb _, quite unavalling- _^ he suffered a painful and an ignomini ns death , Mr M'Afee has sold his farm in Canada and purchased & ' property at BeUefovnt , Stevenson County , Illinois , where his family now reside . I wrote to bim last month , Inquiring if I might name him in the narrative , and he had noobjection . In his letter to me of the 15 th nlt „ he fays : — _> ' "
' The breakfast begun and not finished in December , 1837 , WO Wish you WOUld come to Illinois and finish . We will give you chicken fixeng—prairie chickens , and sweet potatoes . Several Tories were vicious _eneugh in thoso times to take my life . Old Colonel K » rby took every means in bU power to annoy me . Is it not strange that neither he nor any of his troop that were in plain sight of us saw ua or tho boat ? There ' seems to bare beea something providential in that . Had It been discovered at tbe time that I t * ok you over , it would , in all probability , have ruined me I afterwards saved bis ( Col . K , ' _s ) building from the torch of incendiarism and himself from assassination . A plot bad been laid to burn all the buildings of ihe Tories on the lilies . I heard of it , and exerted successfully an influence which I possessed to prevent its being carried into effect . Thus it was that I repaid tbeir ill-will . '
As far as I know , I am tbe only person who was resident in Upper CaDadawhen the civil dissensions broke out into acts of open violence ten years ago , who must HOC re-enter any part 0 / the British dominions _. This exception is not owing to any act of mine , unconnected with the political strife of that period ; for ob the appearance of Sir R . Bonnyeastle ' s book , I distinctly offered , by letter , _addressed to Mr Secretary Stanley , to go at once over to Toronto , and stand trial on any charge that had been 'made by _G overnor Head ( in his demand made for me upon Mr Marcy ) _, or that might be made by any other person , relative to the part I took in the death of Colonel Moodie , 4 c no matter who might be the judge or jurors _.
Neither is it owmg to a neglect on my part , or on the part of others on my behalf , to apply for a reversal of the outlawry , that I am thuB made an exception , nor to any belief on tbe part of tbe British Government that 1 am friendly to a renewal of tbe _troubles . Perhaps my continued asseveration that the British aad Colonial governments were , both directly and indirectly , full as much to "tone as those of us who rose in opposition , is a
cause . _\ I think so still , and that an Impartial history of the last twenty years would more than prove it . Bat there would be folly in rousing a feelinghcre _againstEnglaad , to be used by the agents of our southern slaveholders in aid of their detestable warfare against tbe independence of tho Republic of Mexico . New York , Sept . 15 , 1847 , W . L . if .
Aa8wick.—The W^Rkiag Clastseb Thia ^ Own...
Aa 8 wicK . —The _w _^ rkiag _clastseB thia _^ own are suffering severe privations on account of the-aearcity of employment . The late Duke of Northumberland _aiapleyed a fair number of men , but the _present Pul & _e'has turned all _those-Esen adrift upon the wide world , 60 live as they faeafc _taay 6 * can . Somo of those saen are old , having spent the whole of their lives 00 the late Duke ' s work _^ consequently are unfit for labour of any kind , therefore , as a last resort , they must enter the workhouse , or submit to the fare gives . est . The _workhoaaais truly the social dunghill , _wiere the aristocracy ihrow those who can no lenaer teak for them . All ofthe working classes seem to be _ejRSTering from want af employment ; shoemakers and tailors are not half employed . We may well ask , _hesr long will this state ai things last ? —Correspondent .
_Bahbhead . —Tbe friends of progress an this t > _laca ( _fJSarrhead ) have lost one of the ablest of their advocates ! in the person of Mr John Cafchie _. & lacfc printer , who died of fever on tiie 22 nd of January , It is now _twoWaraBiuCe Mr Cat & _icwas Chosen _gecwaary for this branch of the Na _& mal Land _Gomp & nj , ana during the past year he held the office of secretary te the district committee of tbe National Association of United Trades . To _thess two associations he has been of great service . Oar departed friend was conveyed tO the grflVe by ft respeetable numberof hw friends and acquaintances ; and when they arnved . at his last resting place , one who had helped him W bislabourB' ( MrWiBgate ) delivered an excellent oration over his corpse , testifying to his worth as & publie man , and eulogising his labours oa behalf of the people . "
LOSS OP THE _SCUEW * _SlBAUBB ARAM ASD FlVB OF ber Chew . —On Sunday , by the arrival at Liverpool ofthe _packet-ship Susquehanna , Captain Dunlevy , from Philadelphia , intelligence was receiveu of a aarious collision between that ship and the auxiliaryscrew steamer Aram , Captain Eastern */ , by which the latter vessel was bo seriously damaged that she sunk , and six of her crew were drowned The disaster oceurred on Monday evening week , at seven O ' clock , off the south-east coas t- of Ireland , about forty miles below Tuskar . The ship , which for some days previously had been contending with Btrong east wind " , was at the time of the collision standing to the northward , close-hauled , with the wind about _ErNi'E . ; and tha weather being very cloudy , prevented the steamer from being seen till thoy _WtTO ill close contact . After the vessels got clear of each other , Captain Easterby , of the Aram , finding his vessel in a very dangerous state , ordered the boats
to bs got out , when seventeen persons , including _himselfand the first and second mates got into tbem , and were shortly afterwards taken on board the Susquehanna . It was then found that six of tbe crew were missing . Every effort was made by Captain Dunlevy in searching for them , and , after lying to near the spot till daylight next morning , no trace of the vessel or the poor _fellowu , who might have floated on spars , being visible , the ship bore away for this pert . The Aram left the Mersey on Saturday week , bound f or Malta and Constantinople , to which porta _ghe Was a regular trader . She was a superior vessel , rigged as a three-masted schooner , with auxiliary steam power , on the ' screw plan , and only arrived from the Clyde sixteen days ago , where she had been receiving new machinery . The names of the crew who have been lost are as follows : —Mr Livingstone , chief engineer ; Mr Hardy , second _enginoer ; Robert Logan , fireman ; J . Selsby , seaman ; - Lewis , ditto ; 2 . Quin , engineer ' s boy .
The Concilium Generale Of-The University...
The concilium generale of-the university ef Ko nigsberg has declared itself in favour of tbe admis sion of Jews to profeESOrabips in tbe Prussian univer siiies .
Death Oi? George Binns, The Sdnpebland C...
DEATH Oi ? GEORGE BINNS , THE SDNPEBLAND CHABTIBT , ( From a Correspondent ) Probably you hare heard that G _' . orge Bions is dead , Notices of bis decease have appeared In the papers of this locality , all written in terms of _respsot for his memory , and of _esteem for his tabnts . From the active and noted part wbich he took in tbe people ' s cause , he _bicarae personally known to many of the readers of the Stab , and admired by thousands who heard of him through its pages It is , _therefore , probable you will feel disposed to insert a notice of bis _dtflth , . ..
Mr _Blnus _wnu a native of Sunderland , one of a family ol sixteen children , members ei the Society of Friends , His father was a draper , In an extensive line of buawess , and was much esteemed in this town for his intelligence _^ integrity , and usefulness In local affairs , particularly _y , all _movomr-ata of a _benevolont character . HiB mo Cuer _, too , was 0 moBtexeeHentwoman . Mr G . Binnsw ( flB j _, jm . self brought up to the drapery business with * _j 9 father , but left it about 1837 , when he was betwr twenty . _one and twenty-tw « years of age , andentere _^ jntopartnership with Mv Williams , in the newsp _^ per and _t , 00 ksellii > g husinefl * . Previous to quitting t _' _drapery business , be had taken a very aciive , part _^ j „ tne promotion of the temperance cause , and b * engaged in several publio meetings of a politic- * _charaottr , in which he early
proved himself _povf _^ a of a _^ gh talent as a speaker , _andhta _enthuslp _^ tic na ture made him most popular whoreverhe _^ pp are # About this time Mr Binns lost both bis _parents , _anfl tho _management of tbe business , for tb < i maintenance of the younger members of the _famWy , devolved upon bim ; but , as hia inclinations were for public life , tbe trustees of the family _proparty were dissatisfied with his attention to the business be . bad ha charge , and , therefore , he quitted it , as stated , to join Mr Williams . From 1837 to 1810 , he was incessantly enraged in tbe advancement of Mb views of political and social reform . He joined tbe Chartist body at the earliest period , and remained iu connexion with them I until he quitted Englund for New Zealand , In 1842 . In July , 18 S 9 , he was arrested at Sunderland , along with Mr
WilliamB _, on a charge of _scidition ,, appeared , iu answer to the charge , at Cbefollowing Durham assizes , when . his trial was postponed , and ha was liberated on heavy bail . His trial ultimately came on in August , 18 i 0 , boforo Judge CoVtman , when the usual verdict of guilty was found , and be _vras sentenced to six months imprison * _ment InDurham prison . Comparatively speaking , he had not to complain ofthe privations which others had to Buffar at that time , in ether prisons , for similar alleged offences . Ho was treated , in every respect—as were his fellow prisoners , Mr Williams and Mr Byrne , of _Newcastle—with tbe greatest liberality . In January , 18-11 , be was liberated , when he was honoured with » triumphal entry into his native tewn , thousands upon thousands
taking that means of testifying tlieir esteem for bis character , and their disapproval of the _nnjUBtifiable prose- _, oution which had been got up against him . Shortly after his liberation , be re-entered the drapery business , joining a Mr John _Kilvintoa , who was established in business himself at tbe time . This was a most unfortunate connexion . From the conduct of his partner ho became involved in debt . So longer able to U el that self-respect wbich he prized so highly , ho resolved to emigrata , and endeavour , by care , industry , and enterprise , to save as much as would enable him to return to England , pay all whom be owed , and resume a _; _ain tbat career of public usefulness in which he had acted so distinguished a part .
Shortly after bis _arrivalln New Zealand , he _bseame assistant to a Mr James Williams , merchant and _ghin > owner of Port Nelson , for whom he superintended a v _» hale fishing establishment . With this gentleman he eontinued doing well until the disturbances with the natives took place , whan tha affairs of his master became involved , and that person left the colony , Mr Binns _sus . taining a considerable loss by him . This new reverse of fortune , interfering as it did with Mr . _Blnns ' s ardent hopes of return to his native country , produced a sad effect upon his spirits , and probably _etrongly contribBted to cause a severe cold , caught about tbat time , to become fixed , and to terminate , aa it did , in consumption , He dl * d after an illness of upwards of three years .
I omitted to mention that when in prison ho composed a small poem— 'The Doom of Toil . ' It was highly popular , and had a large sale . Of his talents as a speaker and writer , you are as well able to judge as my . self . I will only add what / , from « ios * intimate knowledge of him , can best say , that he was a thoroughly true " hearted man . He Inspired all who knew hira with sentiments of warm attachment , and hiB death bas lid to expressions of re . grot aad sympathy frem men of all ranks and of all opinions in this town .
[ We must express our sincere regret to learn tne melancholy intelligence conveyed in the above communication . We vi ell remember _George Binns as a handsome , high-spirited , talented , true-hearted man—every inch &• Democrat . Poer fellow , After life ' s fitful fever he _sloeps well , ' The poem— ' The Doomof Toil , ' we do not remember to have Beea . The lines given below have on ' ct beforo appeared in the St & b , but they will hear re-publication . As the last address of tbe deceased patriot to his native _, land , they will possess a melanchol y iu teres t to those who knaw him personally or by report , _ThBnks to our cor . respondent for enabling us to pay this last _tri-bute of reepeot to a man whom we always admired . ]
LINES BY MR GEORGE BINNS . Written on board cf the _« Bombay , ' on her passage to New _Zealand , August , 1843 . -
Away , away , away . ' And spread thy sunny sails , . The rising eun of day Has woke the swelling gales The land we ' ve left behind ' Has vanished like a dream . The ties that onca could bind-Lie broken on the stream , Splendid halls of learning Dazzling many an eye Lamps of wisdom burning _Lighting up her sky . Gems of rainbow story Gilding England ' s crown . Themes of future glory And fabulous renown ;—All and every wonder
Her glory and her might . Loom Uka clouds of thunder Upon my troubled si ght , Sail 011 J we will not shrink , Though ocean be our grave Though our requiem as we sink Bs the murmur of its wave _. Tor beside tbe splendid halhr Of base _oppmsloa ' _s pride My niemorv recalls The _ruitt _^ by their 6 i < _* e ; The soldier who waa slain At tho shrine of human lust , The weeping widow ' s claim Oft trampled in the dust The tiller of the soil '
Upon whose cheek appears , From unrequited toil , Deep channels oi his tears ; Tho drops of blood that 6 tseauY From the wearied limb , Yet fail withal to gain A harvest-home for him . Away ! my bark , away ¦ Where nothing palls tha Bight , Mid sunny things of _daj _Andaileut things of night j Where , on the _burnished wave _Tast kisses yonder » ky Thegoldensun doth bathe Its beauty from mine eye , — Where stars , at evening ' s _glaom Emit tfceir shining _lig & fc , And yon unclouded moon
_Halfchaseth _bsck the ni g ht : Where daring sea-birds fly Along the billows' path _. Or , mounting to tho sky , Look down upon their wrath ; Where none like me are sad No eye conceals tbe tear , Where human hearts are glad And happy faces cheer . Away ! brave ship in pride , And cleave the stormy flood , Where Bleep _bneathitBtide The noble and tbe good , Bear , bear mo to a land , Whore hirelings caanot land Tho law-protected band
_Ofrudemaraudlrg fraud ; Where Heaven ' s _bleesings _svresp The universal main , And millions do not weep To feed a robber ' s gain ; Where Famine ' s Iron maw AVer hurries to Iho grave , No ' er _crushas ' neath iia law , Ne er buries ' neath ita wavei Blow ! all ye breezes , blow ! Roll ! allyo waters , rolll What matter though wo go To Ia _^ _us or the Polo ! Press on ' . _presB on , my bark ! Though mountain billows rise , Though _stariesi nights are dark And tempests lash the skies ; We'd better hear ( ho _cbunder
And see the lightning ' s flash , — Our shrouds be reBt asunder , Our timbers ereak and crash—Than see tho storm of feeling 'Giiiist tyranny rebound , Or wark'thn moth _.-r kneeling , Her famished children round , — Than find amidst the few , With plenty at command , No spirit firm and true , To save , my _uative land _.
During The Year 1847, There Entered The ...
During the year 1847 , there entered the public _slaushter-houseB of Paris , 82 519 oxen , 24 , 990 _COWSj £ 3 , 517 calves , 503 , 113 sheep , 239 goats .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 5, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05021848/page/3/
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