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4 THE NORTHERN STAR. V February 7, 1816....
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VHOXttaS Cft>OPi-&.THSCH--JS-TIST'ft ' WORKS.
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Leu_n Blaxchabd and Douglas Jerrold had ...
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THE NORTHERN STAK. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7,1846.
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LABOUR AND CAPITAL. THE TEN HOURS' BILL,...
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COBDEN AND FREE TRADE. Cobden has writte...
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Co &ea&cra & Correguaiffleittg*
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George Webbee.—The song ig inadmissible ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 The Northern Star. V February 7, 1816....
4 THE NORTHERN STAR . V February 7 , 1816 . _• _' _^— . ________________________________—_ .- _ . _—i _. _ — __________________ . _*^ _a _^^^^* m _^^ mmm _^ m _^ m _^^^^^* m _^^^' _™* ' _* rm _^^^^^^^^*^^ rr _^^ _^? 8 _* _^*^^^^^^ _-Z _~—~'
Vhoxttas Cft≫Opi-&.Thsch--Js-Tist'ft ' Works.
_VHOXttaS Cft > OPi- & . THSCH--JS-TIST'ft ' WORKS .
Ad00411
THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES . A Prison Rhyme . In Ten Boots . ( One Vol , 7 s . Gd . ) * The most wonderful effoi t of intellectual power -protit _ eed within the last century . "—Thc Britaania . " Here we have a genuine poem springing out _*> f the spirit of the times , and indeed ont of the heart , and exerience 'if one who has wrestled with and safirred in it
Ad00412
TO TAILORS . By srprvohation of Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and His RovalHighntss Prince Albert . THB LONDON and PARIS FASHIONS for Winter , IMS and 1 M 6 , by READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury-squar-, london ; Berger , Holywell-street , Strand , London , and may be had of all Book _setoert wheresoever residing ; a veiy superb print , representing the most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , Kegenf i-park , _Londsn . This exquisitely executed and beautifully coloured Print will be accompanied with _ftill-£ _^ Dr _ 5- _^ FrcK : k , andHi ding _CtoatPatter _ s ; aIso , Patterns oCtbeKew Fashionable Polka Frock , and Locomotive
Ad00413
FluVERAL _ECOiVOMT ! THE CEMETERY and GESERAL FDNERAL COMPANY , united with _SHILLIBEER'S PATENT FC $ ERAL CARRIAGES , respectfully invite publie attenjioi ) to the economic and convenient arrangements for perfoan _ J £ every description of Funerals complete , at charges _sonoderate as to defy competition _. and no extras , by which tbe-camfort of bereaved families will be materially promated , and expenses limited- City-road , Finsbury , next _Banh-ll-fidds _Uurial-ground ; 21 , Percy-street , _Tottenkjm ___ mrtroad ; and lot , Union-street _^ Southwark . _Stfllib-er's Patent Funeral Carriage , with two horses , £ j ___ -s , Ci _ .-, Single Horee , £ 1 ls . A respectable Carriage - rSneral , _combining every charge , £ ' 4 4 s . Hearses and _iSawpin _; _Coaei-es . Catholic Fiu " in _* js . Four Horse u _* _piis . £ l _ r-s .
Ad00414
ROYAL GRECIAN SALOON , CITY RO A D , Lfoensed by the Lord Chamberlain . —Proprietor , Mr . T . Rouse . _' BXTRAORDIHARY ATTRACTION FOR ONE NIGHT
Ad00415
ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . LESSEE , IR . JOHN D 0 C _8 _LASS . IMMENSE SUCCESS . —Re-engagement of Mr . White , the Tiger Tamer , for SIX NIGHTS MORE ; who will appear with his Lions , Tigers , Panthers , Leopards , and the same animals that were exhibited fay Mr . Carter , the Lion King , when in the employ of Mr . White . — First Night of " Legend of St . Paul ' s ; or , the Thirteenth Chime . " Last Night of the eomic Pantomime on Thursday . To commence on Monday , Tuesday , Friday , and Saturday with "St . Paul ' s ; or , the Thirteenth Chime ;" character ! hy Messrs . Neville , Rayner , T . Lee , Harring-
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€ OLOSSEUM -NOTICE .-PRICE OF ADMISSION DURING TIIE HOLIDAY S !! Day Exhibition 2 s . _EreningiDo , ., 2 s . 6 d . Children under Twelve ls . Stalactite Caverns ls . extra . ryEE DAY EXHIBITION consists of the Museum of JL Sculpture , Grand Picture of London , Alhamhra Conservatories , Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , _Classie Ruins , Swiss Cottage and Mont Blanc , with Mountain Torrent , && 4 c . Open from T . n till i ' our o'Clock . EVENING . —The new and extraordinary Panorama of Losdon bi Night , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , and Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , < fcc , brilliantly illuminated ; Swiss Cottage , Mont Blanc , and Mountain Torrent represented by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a Quarterpast Ten o'Clock . A . band Oxchestba _Obgah , on which the most admired Ovektcies , ic , are played , from Two to Four aad from Eight till Half-past Tea o'Clock . The whole projected and designed by Mr . William Bradwell .
Ad00417
DAGUERREOTYPE AND CALOTYPE . THE APPARATUS , LENS , CHEMICALS , PLATES , CASES , aud every other article used in making and mounting the above can be had ef J . Egerton , No . 1 , Temple-street , Whitefriars , London . Descriptive Catalogues gratis . LEREBOURS celebrated ACHROMATIC TRIPBET LENSES for the MICROSCOPE , sent to any part of the country at the following price : —Deep Power , 60 s ., Low Power , 25 s . Every article warranted .
Ad00418
DIXON'S TEMPERANCE HOTEL , No . 93 , GREAT ANCOATS-STREET , MANCHESTER , ( Next door to the Cotton Trulnn ) . WD . begs respectfully to inform his numerous friends and the publie that ha has opened the above _Establishment , where he hopes , by strict attention to the comfort of those who may favour him with their commands , combined with the reasonableness bf his charges , to merit a share of public support . Parties from tbe country , visiting Manchester on business or pleasure , will find this Establishment very convenient , owing to its central situation and proximity to the various Railway Stations .
Ad00419
GOALS . PROVIDE FOR WINTER . PROVIDENT FAMILIES , subscribing ls . per week te the Metropolitan Coal Company ' s Shilling Club , can obtain four half tons annually , without further charge , fines , _& - The Company ' s price current is , Best Screened Walls end , -Ss . per full ton Seconds , 2 ls ., 22 s ., and 23 s . ; Coke 17 s . 6 d . Office , 279 . Hieh Holborn .
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THE REV . T . WILSON'S CATECHISMS . Just Published , Priee 9 d . _rTlHE CATECHISM OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR . Also , Mew Editions of the foUowing Catechisms , by the Bet . T . Wilson , Price 9 _ . each . FirstLesBons in Natural Philosophy Second Lessons in Natural Philosophy Third Lessons in Natural Philosophy First Catechism of Common Thing 6 Second Catechism of Common Things Third Catechism of Common Things Catechism of Bible History Catechism of English History The First Catechism of Geography The Catechism of Music . LONDON : DARTON AND CLARK , HOLBORN HILL
Leu_N Blaxchabd And Douglas Jerrold Had ...
Leu _ n _Blaxchabd and Douglas Jerrold had serious thoug hts of joining Lord Byron in Greeco ; they were to become warriors , and assist the poet in the liberation of the classic land . Many * nightly wandering found them discussing their project . In the midst of one of these discussions they were caught in a shower of rain , and sought shelter under a gateway . The rain continued ; when their patience becoming exhausted , Blanchard , buttoning up his coat , exclaimed , " Come on , Jerrold ; what use shall we be to the Greeks if we stand up for a shower of rain ?" So they walked home , and wero heroically wet through . — -Sir E . L . Bulwer ' t Life of Blanchard .
Case ok Ltkchisg . — A noted negro thief , by the name of Yeoman , having been arrested near Albany , Baker county , Georgia , and subsequently discharged by Judge Warren on a writ of habeas corpus , was immediately re-arrested , says the Savannah Republican , and , undercharge of Messrs . Mallory , _llrinson , and Adams , conveyed at once to Florida . On his way thither he confessed to the gentlemen ia whose charge he was , that hc vas one of aa organised gang of negro thieves and murderers ; that during the Florida war they had carried on their operations under the guise of Indians ; and that , s inc e the war they had stolen negroes . in Thom a s a nd Lo w nd e s counties , Georgia , a nd J e ff e rson coun t y , Florida , to the value ot over 10 , 000 dollars , lie confessed bin
crimes in d e tail , and offered them 1 , 000 dollars , cash , for his release , alleging tbat , if c a rried to Fl o rid a , he knew he should be unceremoniously hanged . _ On his a rrWal in J e ffers o n count y , Florida , t he citiz e ns assembled to the number of ninety , and , aft e r a n investigation ofthe facts , took a formal vote , wbi c h resulted— -sixty-seven in favour of hanging , and twenty-three against it . Yeoman was accordingly ex e cu t ed a t twelv e o clock on the 2 nd January . The _iiri ncipal reason for this summary execution ofthe aw was the insecurity of their gaols , and the fact of his having a baud of accomp lices in the c o mmunit y ,
who would , in all probability , have effected a release . A reward of 1 , 000 dollars has already been offer e d b y the citizens for the arrest of others known to bo connected with him who has already suffered . Oneof tho s e im p li c a t ed wa s arrested a fe w d a ys sin ce , we are informed , se ar Newt o n , B a ker count y , Georg ia , andaftcr the infliction of seventy-fivelashes , released , on the pledge that he would . leave the state in five hour ? . The Republican received these particulars from a gentleman in Baker county , who stated that he received tlicm from others , and therefore that they might not be quite accurate ; but as to the main facts he had no doubt . —New York Journal of Commerce ,
Leu_N Blaxchabd And Douglas Jerrold Had ...
NO VOTE ! NO MUSKET !! A ? ieb the _oonstraihed admission of the Home Secretar y and Minister at War , as to the fact that a new Militia Bill was in course of preparation by the l a tter functionary , there can uo longer remain a doubt upon the mind of the most incredulous , that themilitiaisnotonly to be " embodied , " or called outfor"training _, "butthatitis to be embodied for
" actual service . " Who , tliat understands the chica _o e , thc jugglery , and mystery of diplomacy , could have anticipated any more direct or satisfactory answer th a n t h a t g iven b y the Mini s ter a t W a r ? His language amounts to tliis , and no more —• "Ob . it is true that her Majesty ' s Ministers have beeu thinking about the thing , a nd talkin g a bout t h e thing ; but , then , they do not wish to disclose their c og itations , lest it might serve to apprise the Americans of our intentions , and , therefore , WE , the
paternal Ministers , would recommend to the people , for THEIR OWN SAKES , to abstain from any precautionary measures until we Bhall be prepared with OURS , READY OUT AND DRIED , and when it will be TOO LATE to marsh a l the peaceful mind of thecountry against the WARLIKE NECESSITIES OF THE MINISTER . " Why talk of the Militia A ct a tall _, if t here werenot some stron g a pp rehen s ions of war ? and why order 42 , 000 SUITS OF REGIMENTALS , if the foregone conclusion was not entertained that war was inevitable 1
' Children are fri ghtened by hobgoblins , and birds by sc arecrow s , but we much doubt that a similar effect would be produced upon the back woodsmen of America , by seeing the forty-two thousand suits of English regimentals stuffed with straw , and propped like Bryan Boroihme _' _s soldiers at the battle of Clontarf . Again wo repeat that over security , has ever been the curse of the popular party , and the annals ot Parliamentary usage should long since have
convinced the working classes that a government , in whose election they have no voice , stands in precisely tke same relation to them that the cat does to the mouse— _. tealthy , quiet , noiseless , and watchful , until the pounce can be securel y mad e , and the prey -ecurely clutched . This melancholy indifference may , in many instances , have arisen from the fact of parties , otherwise hostile to government , b a rin g , nevertheless , an equal interest in withholding irom the people a knowledge oi their own power .
In the present instance , however , wc are relieved from this double infliction—we are protected against the double shot from this double-barrelled gun , inasmuch as a highly respectable and influential party , whose aspirations are of a nobler nature than that of subserving the purposes ofa government , who , in return , will countenance them in the hoarding up of gain upon the wildest speculations . Wehave a party , Btrongin intelligence , powerful in wealth , and
influential in character , who have tendered their services as moral force oflieers , to li g ht the moral bat t le ag ainst physical oppression . We do not expect the leaders from the ranks of the Protectionists , nor y e t ofthe Lea g u e rs , to aid us in this triumph of knowled g e over brute force , but we do rely upon the cooperation , upon the hearty co-operation of such men as Joseph Sturge , and the members of the Peace Preservation Society , to aid us in our assault upon old and worn-out barbarism .
The report of the anti-militia meetings held at M a nchest e r and Leicester , and whi c h we publi s h , will be read with more than ordinary satisfaction by the people , while we feel no little vanity in the perfect coincidence of opinion that exists between ourselves and Mr . Sturge upon the subject . Mr . Sturge thinks , with us , that the wretch who becomes a wholesale man-catcher , by the sanction of militia clubs , is more criminal than the hired volunte e r , a portion of whose business it becomes to perform the service of recruiting , as p art of his dut y ; a duty of whieh he was perfectly aware a t th e p eri o d
ofhis enlistment . He further agrees with us tbat the onl y le g itimate a pp li cat ions t o be m a d e o f funds in s uch a case , is for the p rotection and su pp ort o f the familie s of those who s h a ll suff e r for th e ir p a ss iv e resistance to tyranny . We have received twenty pages of brutal and vulgar abuse from a wholesale recruitin g ser g eant , with whose trade , . it appears , our article of last week has considerably interfered . This gentleman has our full permission to be secretary to a benefit society , —to have abandoned thc
Chartist ranks for mote profitable employment , —to be the secretary of racing clubs , and also to be crimp sergeant for the government , p rovid e d tha t his p re y be selected from creatures as worthless as himself ; while he may _rcBt assured that his brutal language and vulgar abuse shall not deter us from " putting hay . upon his horns , " as a warning to those who , if n o t thus marked , he may yet live upon the fears of substitutes , whom he had prostituted to the inglorious support of an inglorious cause .
By reference to our columns it will bc seen that a National Anti-Militia Society h as be e n est a bli s hed , upon the principles laid down by Mr . Sturge , and we invite all , without distinction , to a _pcvusitl of the rules by which the objects of the society are to be practically carried out . The redemption money is low , and is nevertheless fixed by , and based upon , minute calculati o n ; a f a c t which proves the in t ere s t , the enormous interest , that the officers of militia clubs must derive from THEIR HONOURABLE
SERVICES ; and therefore we are not astonished that our peaceful bombshell of last week should have caused terror and dismay in the ranks of our slavemakers . We know of no more powerful lesson that true philosophy could read to bloated and confiding ignorance , than that of thc nation uniting as one man to pay exemp tion mone y , rather than serve in the ranks of tyranny . In this struggle wc shall not be left mentally or fiscally alone ; we shall he aided by the heads , the hearts , and the pockets of all good men .
The fact of the Peace Preservation Society having united with us in this holy struggle , and the fact of Mr . Sturge being extensively known and universally beloved upon the Continent of "America , establishes a fair hope that our labour in behalf of peace , and in the propagation of democratic principles , may recommend the Chartist party as a valuable auxiliary to the New World , in its struggle for the overthrow of old abuses . We have already pointed out the difference between a volunteer and a " crimp ; " between the man wlib voluntarily tenders his service as a human-butcher , and
him w h os e po v e rty makes him a p r e y to a b a rb a r o u s practice . The one roan contracts to be flogged , contracts to be shot , contracts , a s far as h o is conc e rn e d , to merge the civil code into , martial law ; when he volunteere as a soldier he voluntarily relinquishes the slight protection that civil law accords to him ; when he volunteers as a soldier , hc abandons all the social usages of society , and hands himself over , bound neck and heels as a bondsman , to such tyranny as ex dienc y shall invent , to such cruelty as the
necessity of the times may justi fy . As a human being hc is degraded , as a politician he is gagged , as a reflective being he may live upon the sorrow of his thoughts , or cheer himself upon their assumed buoyaucy , but he has relinquished the name of man . If he is noisy he i _' b not merry , but " he does beguile th e thin g he is b y seeming otherwise . " Of the wors t th a t c a n b e f a ll him , he has been a willing purchaser , with full notice of the conditions under which he exchanged partial freedom for everlasting slavery .
Upon the other hand , the { unprotected slave , who is " crimped" by the snares and the wiles of one outlawed from society , but p am p ered b y tyranny and licked into a fashionable appearance by the dastardly fashion of the age—the poor simple soul who is torn from his aged sire ' s side , or his cri ppled mother ' s arm , '; who is _jsnatched , p erha p s , from an infant family , wlsose prop , whose solace , and protector he has been , _ueverthelets _^ dragged from the cottage nook , which , wi t h out him , is a dull vacuum fe > the longing tcarftJ _ejT that settles upon thc loved spot , but niishos _th-e joved but s ' mplc ornament . Ah 1 Act Mitts a __*( J princes ,
Leu_N Blaxchabd And Douglas Jerrold Had ...
peers and potentates , lordlings , squires , ; and pampered merchants—let the great , and thereto *** tlie heartless , think and talk as they p lease , but the y never have—they never can—love , honour , or respect their flighty , frisk y , offs p rin g as t he humble cotta g er loves his simple , thou g h unadorned and i g norant child . We do not love them as well : we ha te them for th e ir t yr ann y , we despise them for their heartlessness ; and yet such a creature as we havo doscribed-AN UNWILLING VOLUNTEER- * * purchaser without notice—a non-subscriber to the conditions on which he is forced into the ranks ol blood , —this creature is bound by thesame penalties , and amenable to the same laws , as him . who embraces the profession from choice .
Many y oun g mechanics haveapplied to us to know if there is danger to be apprehended from the publication of our Beveral articles headed
NO VOTE , NO MU S KET ! in pamp hlet form f Th e q uo st ion is thc hi ghest comp lim e nt that could be p aid t o our darin g , for it THERE IS DANGER we havebeen the first TO BRAVE IT , a nd if t he law consid e r e d it tr e ason w e wo uld STILL BR A VE IT ; for if it h s trcasout o protect the honeBt simple , a g ainst the s nares ofthe knavish—if it is treason to war with right against might ; if it is treason to prefer the oppressed to the oppressor ; if it is treason to love your country and hate its tyrants ; if it is treason to prefer balmy peace
to . bloody war ; or if it is treason to present the voice of knowled g e to the cannon ' s roar , then do we glory in being a traitor ; while we would caution tyrants in t ime , and t ell t hem , that al t hou g h " every bullet has its billet , " yet they can neither stab thought , fence wi t h opinion , nor shoot down principle . These are our peaceful arras ; weapons which , if pro p erl y used by the DRILLED MIND OF FREEMEN , will eventually achieve thc triumph of justice over injustice , of knowledge over bigotry and intolerance , of liberty over oppression and misrule . NO VOTE I NO MUSKET !!
The Northern Stak. Saturday, February 7,1846.
THE _NORTHERN STAK . SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 7 , 1846 .
Labour And Capital. The Ten Hours' Bill,...
LABOUR AND CAPITAL . THE TEN HOURS' BILL , Toe too lon g deferred concessions to legitimate and modest demand not unfrequently change argument into remonstrance , remonstrance into threat , and threat into revolution . It was so with Franco fiftyfour years since , . ' and so with America seventy-four years since . The people of those countriesrespectively a nd r e s p ectfull y set about the _^ correction _^ of abus e in the modest language of tame remonstrance , whicli neg lect , insol e nce , and disregard ripened into
defiance and revolution . The refusal to apply the pruning-knife to the branches of corruption led to the uprooting of the old borough-mongering system . We were deaf to the appeals of the West Indian slave , un t il bis voice for em a n c i pation was too loud longer to be resisted . Ireland asked for justice , prayed for justice , be gg ed for justice , and crawled for justiceit was refused , and now she demands self-government as the only possible mode of achieving it . Thus we find , that it is dangerous to resist legitimate demands when those who make them would be satisfied with prudent concession .
Thc operatives ofthis country have , since the intro _. ductionoftliatpowerfulcompetitor _. Machinery _. ovin ce d a tameness under unmerited suffering , which nothi ng but the roost stringent laws could force them to endure . The most fortunate portion of the labour _, ing class received enormous wages forattendance on the monster during its infancy , and lau g hed scorn full y at the opposition of th « se who were the first sufferers from its influence . Nearly the whole race of En g land ' s pride , the old hand-loom weavers , wer c not only starved but outlawed , by this new competi t or , and the power that it conferred upon its owners .
The time has arrived , however , when the monster has become too strong even for those whose labour is y et r e quired t o wo r k i t , until at length all now , without exception , stand aghast at the ascendancyit h a s a ss umed , and to correct which they have joined in the mod e st request for some diminution in it s hours of working . They have commenced with ten h , urs , which , by contr a st with the heretofore almos t incessant _labour , at first -tvikes . them a s a boon worth contending for ; but ere long , as resistance grows hau ghty , knowled g e becomes p owerful , and calculation irresistible , the man who proposes a Ten Hours Bill will be looked upon as a tyrant .
We do not mean to infer that the immediate concession of this paltry boon-would be instantly followed b y a demand for further remission , but we do assert that tho longer withholding it will hasten the demand for something more . We have now had a better opportunity of criticising the whole measures of Sir R . P _ k _ , and while we heartily applaud them as a me a ns to an e nd , we _aisert , without thc fe a r o f contradiction , that unless followed by an immediate and statesmanlike calculation , in which the wants
of labour and power of maehincry shall be fairly measured and e q uall y balanced , that they will pro . duce evil instead of good . The labouring classes ol this or of any other country have never received from their rulers more justice than they had of themselves the power to extort . and if this rule has lield good in countries where the _distance between the rulers and the ruled has not been marked by that strong lino of demarcation whieh separates employ e r s from e m ployed in England , i t must be f e l t there with increased severity and weight .
The working class knowledge of this country has , since the period that the power of machinery _bocaiudangereus to their order , be e n m a inly direc t ed to t hc q u es tion of restri c ti o n ; and t hat knowled g e , heretofore _sectionalised , is now bein g em b odied into an ir . resistible national will to achieve , by law , what it c o uld not a c com plish by Trades' Unions or strikes * The opponents of thc Ten Hours' Bill may prosutuo a false security from the desertion of Lord Asm .- ? ; while our conviction is , that it will but nerve the disappointed for the struggle , and encourage them to further action . We can sympathise with those from
whose toil thc immense amount was wrung , when they speak with becoming horror of the fact of leviathan capitalists amassing millions of money , while those from whose sweat it is extracted are _consigned to prematuro old age , or a lingering existence ina Poor Law bastile . ' Our voice hasbeen raised when labour ' s ear was deaf ; wehave endeavoured to incite the peop le , not to revolution , but to thou g h t and self-respect . We have shown that all laws which have not necessary restriction and equitable distributi o n for their o b je c t , will fail to achieve for the working classes a single particle of benefit ; nnd so
tiresome and multifarious arc the grievances with whi c h th e labourin g c la ss e s h a v e n o w to contend , th a t we arc constrained to approve of a commercial policy , in the mere hope that out of chaos order may spring . It would be impossible to balance the good and tinbad likely to result from Sir RonunT Pebl ' s astounding measures , or to treat them otherwise than as a means to an end . We' can sympathise with the broad-silk weavers , whoso trade is threatened ; we can sympathise with the paper-stainers , whoso in _tercsts are offered as a sacrifice , ' not to national necessity but to mere aristocratic caprice . Indeed
we know of no two branches of trade upon which the Minister has made a nior _. dan gorous assault ; while we car . not discover one single advantage whicli the working classes will derive from the proposed alterations in those two departments . Nor can we see why the labour ofa paper-stainer should be sacrificed to the amount of five-sixths , while th e landlords are not called upon to sacrifice more than six and eight pence in the pound , or one-third . But , ye s —we can see it ; it is easily demonstrated—the landl o rd s ave re p resented , and therefore their opposition is dangerous ; while the paper-stainers and silkweavers are unrepresented , and therefore becouto an
easy prey . We shall recur , for argument sake , to the admission of Sir James Graham , that one in every ten of the labouring classes was receiving parish relief . Let us suppose that there are three millions capriciously employed in manufactures , and that 500 , 000 , or a s ixth of th c whol e , aro now but partially emp lo y ed , and sometimes wholly idle , while thc prcseribul
Labour And Capital. The Ten Hours' Bill,...
period of labour is twelve hours a-day . If , upon the other hand , the working time was reduced to ten hours a-day , inasmuch as ten is to twelve what five hundred thousand is to three millions , it naturally follows that the whole three millions now capriciously emp loyed would be then wholly employed . Neither do we attach more importance to this question as one o f r stricti o n , than its one of increased recreation and thought . Let those who are not over-slaved and benumbed b y l a bour , havo two hours to devote to r e flection , and the fair presumption is , th a t that refl e c t i o n will run in th e curr ent of progression .
The English people , inured to toil , w o uld n o t b e likely to degenerate into idle licentiousness ; although we may not tolerate or justify intemperance , we c a n make the distinction between the man who rushes , maddened with toil and addled with noise , fr o m th e rattle-box to thc gin palace , and him who knows that he has two hours spared from slave labour , which may be applied to better and more creditable pursuits . As , therefore , it would be impossible for the wisest or most far-seeing Prime Minister to embod y all the national grievances into ono category , and abolish them by one enactment , we invite the silk-weavers , the paper-stainers , and all other trades whose in . terests are threatened by Sir Robbbt Peel ' s measure s , to join , o n e and all , in the loud shout or restriction , and a Ten Hours' Bill .
What is threatening to the unjust influence ofthe protected _mtsterc , must be protective of the poor rights of their slaves ; and there is no measure more threat e nin g t o their mon o pol y than a diminution in the hours of _labaur . We aver that if the option was given them to-morrow of unconditional and immediate Repe a l of the Corn Laws with a Ten . Hours ' Bill , that they would reject it as an unjust interference with their existing rights aiid ' interests . It sounds charitable and philanthropic to sympathise
with the agricultural labourer , but let them look at home . In some of the manufacturing districts they will find that twenty-eig h t y e a rs is the mean of lif e while , in the more healthful employment of agriculture , it is . fifty-two . Their slaves commence a ' 'BLOOD RUN" tliroug h lif e , like the youn g and pampered race-horse , and , while they are y et y eun g in y ears , they become cripp l e d in limb , stunt e d iu farm , numbed in intellect , and prematurel y old , before they have arrived at the natural stage ol
manhood . The agricultural labourer is younger , happier , more cheerful and health y at the a ge of s eventy th a n t he constantly employed operative is at tlie age of twentyfive ; his young blood is sapped out of his veins—he was born a sl a ve , bred a slave , lives a slave , and dies a slave . Not a _slaye to the Minister , not a slave to the law , not a slave to system , nor yet to hi s master , but a slave to thc accursed disunion , to tlie blighting jealousies of his own order . It is a fact , that a people will have the precise form of government that tliey are entitled to ; and the very exi _* tence ofa
government , especially in a country where speech is free , is the strongest proof of thc popularity and acceptation of that g ov e rnmen t , becaus e a t an y g iven moment the most rank and cherished abuses are ready to surrender without a struggle to the united voice of a united people . We will p rove th a t th e English people do not want liberty , do not deserve liberty . We speak of them as a body . If liberty was their aim , the people of London alone could achieve it in ten short days ; could achieve it without the slightest infraction of thc peace ; but tlicy arc not prepared for it .
They would rather read , murder s , rape . * , and poli c e news , than study those questions , a knowledge of which is indispensable to their prosperity . To reform a g overnment , a peop le mus t fir s t r e form themselves . We now invite them to a wholesome commencement . The struggle between the landlords and cotton-lords is at hand ; each will g l a dl y take advantage of the necessities of thc other ; and ¦* s no question is more threatening to the haughty capitalist than that of diminishing the hours of sl a ve l a bour , and a s no m eas ure w o uld bc be tte r c a lcula t ed to reliev e landlords , shopkeepers , and housekeepers from tho heavy burthen of poor : rates , let t h e TEN HOURS " S HELL " burs t like m ag i c amon g st them , and let the people "hail the explosion
with au incessant echo from without . Now is tho time—the very time— -the exact time—to force this measure in all its bearings upon the consideration of Parliament ; for let the people rest assured that out of the Btrife of contending factions alone can they expect deference to their will . When the battle is ov e r , thc national struggle will commence , and let us be prepared with two hours' breathing time after the day ' s toil to take counsel for future operations . Nothing can be more unnatural than prescribing equal length of labour to the sickly and robust—to the weik and the strong ; and we pant for the limo when fathers , mothers , and theT children shall eat , drink , sleep , work , and p lay according to their respective ago , stren gt h , ability , and inclination .
Cobden And Free Trade. Cobden Has Writte...
COBDEN AND FREE TRADE . Cobden has written a letter in the Times newspaper to the Icnaut-farniors . Nothing can he _inor _. dangeroua to the character of an uneducated demagogue , than a rush _fronVan unlettered , lenient multitude , to a criticising , ill-natured press . _Cobdkj . blustering for a repeal of the Corn Laws is one thing , and Cobdkj * ARGUING for the mcasuro is another , and a very different thing . His York speeches were only for his York audience—his Manchester " SAYS" for his Manchester audience—his town talk
for his CHEAP BREAD admirers—and his country predictions for his rural expectants . Now , all this was very well . No man is disreputable in that state of life to which it has pleased God and speculation to call him . God made Cobden nn extremely good man—speculation has made him an extremely foolish one . Of course , at such a critical time _^ we cannot to be expected to make a very lengthy comment upon a rather long letter , * nor can wc make room for it , to the rejection of other moro important matter ; but we cannot withhold the two following paragraphs frora _imtuediate criticism * . —
How different would bs the operations of an immediate repeal of the Corn Law . There would then be no stuck of foreign corn waiting for tho opening of our ports . Nobody expected last year in Poland or America that the English Corn Law would be repealed—nobody _prepared for it—not a bushel of grain was raised upon the chance of such an unlooked-for contingency . Ie there an intelligent farmer iu the kingdom tlmt will not nt once exclaim , " If tes are to hate a _rejmlof the Corn Law , give us it this tpring , when the foreigner is imprtpared for it , and when not a single quarter of com men after the news reaches him can be _broKg / _tt to thn market in less than eighteen montht . " But tho _prenont is , beyond nil comparison , thc most favourable moment ev * r known for abolishing the Corn Law . If ever it could be repealed without even temporary inconvenience to the farmer , this is the time , Tliere
is a scarcity at present over nearly all tho continent . _One-liulf _« f Europe is competing for the scanty surpluB itock of grain ia America . Millions of our _countrjmeu aru deprived of their erdinnry subsistence by the disease ofthe potatoe , und tlicy must he sustained at the public expense up » n a superior food . Do what we will , we caunot , during tlie present year , secure low ptkes . Abolish the Corn Lata _to-vwrrow , ami still wheal must rise during the spring and summer . If the furmers had the power of ordering time and circumstances , thoy could not contrive a juncture more favourable to them tlmn the present for the total and immediate repeal of the Corn Law . Nay I ho . Here that if the Corn Law could be abolished by an edict to-morrow , the _farmed would newr make the discovery of open ports by any injurious effect produced upon their interests .
Now then , there is a sound legislator , a judicious politician , ond a CANDID FR 1 END ! We want an immediate supply of food ; and Cobdks says , _eren with total repeal , prices must rise . Well , then , for two years , at all events , of the terrible three , the operatives , nnd all who do not grow food , have no interest in the question . Yes—wo beg pardon—Condbk tells tho farmers that Peel ' s measure will in i ure them the most . Well , it was intended that the growers of food should make an IMMEDIATE SACRIFICE to the consumers . Again , how childish , to write about catching the whole world napping , nnd to talk about surprising forci gu nations -but ,, abovo all , how repugnant the publication ot the precious document must have been to the Thunderer , a * it leads in („ the conclusion , that when _Mley-wi <; f all liMimuols , the . _u-orkl is lurching its
Cobden And Free Trade. Cobden Has Writte...
opportunity to BURSTiis with cheap food . Ah !! . ' The Times saw the foU y , and therefore gratified the fool . If ever there was strong argument against any alteration atattin the Corn Laws , Cobden has given it ; and if it was possible to point out a preference foe Pbkl _' s proposition over any and all others , Cobdk . i has done it . Cobden staving off the CURSE OP PLENTY for ei ghteen months is more than amusing . So that , upon the whole , w e s hall the more eag e rly go for thc remainder of the ALL-MIGHTY measure , as it is not calculated to injure our " TENANTFARMER" FRIENDS . Alas ! it is the monster INDUSTRIAL RESIDENCE that haunts the fears of thc heretofore protected plunderers of Labour .
Co &Ea&Cra & Correguaiffleittg*
Co _& ea & cra & _Correguaiffleittg *
George Webbee.—The Song Ig Inadmissible ...
George _Webbee . —The song ig inadmissible T _, It . Sii- _ t . —Your sensible letter is so well written that we ure loth to " burke" It , but we forbear to publ ' _uh it in mercy to the ptrton alluded to . Besides , it is not necessary to throw water on a drowned rat . Poland . —Will Edward _fceeket k * y if the "Song for tho Poles" is his own production ? . . ... _- ¦ ¦ , * Explosions in Coal MtRiB . —Sir ,- —In _looking _ove _ . your paper of last week my attention was arrested hy mi account of another of those dreadful catastrophes _, wbich are of such frequent occurrence , and against which no effectual remedy has as yet been adopted by the coaltrade generally , Tin ., an "explosion in Wales , " ' by Which at least thirty-five lives wero lost . With the present advanced and improving . rata of science ,
explosions can no longer bs looked upon by a discerning public as mere accident or misfortune , over which there can bc no controul , but solely attributable to a bad system of ventilation . Notwithstanding that the frequency ef these occurrences has awakened in the public mind a sympathising feeling , and solicitous inquiry into this system of inhuman butchery—where men's lives areestimatedttt the price of pounds , shillings , and pence—such inquiry hasbeen mocked and insulted . This state of thing * ought no longer to exist . An improved system of ventilation has -sen matured in the scientific world , and if generally adopted would , I am persuaded , prevent these evils . This improved system lias received the sanction of some of the most eminent men of the day , yet such are the prejudices of a very
formidable party in the coal trade , that any alteration having the sanction of science , and not originating ia that body , is rejected by them , and unfortunately no _legislative enuctment enforces it . To my fellowcountrymen I would soy , can you longer think on the amount of suffering to which your brethren are subjected , and not fed as much burning sympathy as will stimulate you to petition the _legirtature to pass some definite and _immedinte enactments for tho bettor protection of the lives and limbs of the miners t Be up and doing , then ! Let your petitions be got up and sent to every part of the coal districts . Solicit the eooperation and assistance of every protective and friendl y society , and political and religious institution of every rank and name . The signal is given— " England
expects every man to do his duty . " Itest not satisfied uutil you are sensible you have done all that you can do , and , trusting to the justice of your cause , I doubt not your success . —A Mines . The League and Peel . —It has been suggested that the Corn Law League , having no further use for their enormous fund , should expend it in building a monument to Feel as high as the length of "ths Wonderful Crocodile , " with Peel and Cobden embracing each otherat its summit . —J . W ., Barnsley . Veteran _Patbiots ' i . _sn _E-ttxa' Vi ' _t _.-wa' i . ii » C _ ii- ___ B Fond .. —I beg to acknowledge the receipt of 2 s . Cd . for the Widow * . ' and Children ' s Fund , only , from Mr . Burley , of Manchester , per Mr . Roger O'Connor ; also of 14 s . 8 d . from Mr . Brook of Little Uorton ; ol'lOs . from
Mr . Lawner of Toabridge Wells ; and of £ 1 from the Chartists of Carpenter * ' Hall , Manchester ( per Mr . Smith ) , for the two funds . I beg to thank Mr . David Pott , of Birmingham , for hie communication relative to the necessitous circumstances of Mrs . ltoberts , and to assure him that her case shall be laid before the committee ut its next meeting . Mr . Railton , of Manchester , and other friends , shall also huru the requisite circulars and collecting books very soon : my owa _wnnt of health , with other domestic afflictions , _together with anxiety to discharge my duty , publicly , to the cause ofthe Exiles , bereaves me of ability to attend to every request for books and circulars as promptly as I could wish . —Thomas Cooper , secretary , 131 , _Blackfriar ' s-road .
"M . Q . It . or the _Movemsnt . " -- [ To the Editor of the Northern Star , ]—Sir , —I was gratified to sue the kind nuticc ' you gave of the case of Mr , Ryall , iu the _£ _tiir of the 17 th January . It ought to be known , that his present dangerous illness and impaired firianes are owing to untiring efforts to extricate himself from the difficulties into which he was thrown by the public struggles , in Holywell-street . When othorsof us were jn prison , * he bore on his _single shield the whole battle with the authorities . Whatever opinion may be enter' tained respecting the warfare conducted against the coarseness of Knight Bruce , and the _vindictiveness of Jardiiie _, the principle contended for is ouu valued by
all intelligent men . But this was only an occasional service . There aro few men so young , who have privately and publicly made greater sacrifices , or moro unweuricdly contributed through the press ami public meetings to tht advancement of liberal principles . Surely such a man will not be suffered to perish through want or neglect . In addition to Mr . Hetherington , 40 , " _HolywelUtrc . t ; and Mr . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , _Paternostur-row ; whose addresses yoa were good enough to publish , permit mc to add , that any subscriptions left for me , on this account , at Mr . Love ' s , 5 , Nelson-etroct , Glasgow , shall he promptly acknowledged , and duly forwarded to Mr . Ryall . Yours respectfully . —G . Jacob Holioake .
Mr . J . _Aaiuoa , Carlisle . __ - If big Loudon publisher would call at the Star o _ 5 c << , he might procure both the _woiks he mentions . Mr . Sweet _^ otti . _vcuam , would oblige if he would not amalgamate the sums of money ho forwards for different purposes . Let the Post-office orders for the Star be distinct from the other , as it will save us much trouble , we having little time to spare . James Finlei , _Csook Hall , Shotlei B & . dge . —About _twelre shillings of furze seed will sow the acre ; and the present is as good a time as thu seed could be
put in , William Haxek . — "We would recommend him to consult Mr . W . P .- Roberts , 8 , _Princess-street , Manchester . The master had uo right to stop tho rent out of wages it is against the provisions of the Truck Act . _JoBErii WobDKcrr _, _Minchb-ter . —Certainly , the loss of two fingers renders him useless to tyrants in thc musket department . TnE Militia . —The easy answer to scores of letters , some of them _eoneist . ng of three pages , and the only answer that we can give till wc see the Act , is—join the
Anti-Militia Association . Tuomas Mills . —His poetry ig very long , we really have not had time this week to look atit ; moreover , theimmense pre 6 s upon our columns just now makes us very chary of our space , Mr . O'Connor and Public Meetings . —We cannot _su _ icientlj censure the practice of putting Mr . O'Connor ' s name in bills announcing public meetings without his consent . There is one now ljing before us ofa meeting being held this ( Thursday ) evening , at nine o ' clock , while Mr . O'Connor has jet some hours' labour to perform .
_1 \ . _Lu-a IUmeb _, 0-Dn _ M . -A forty shilling freehold can be curved out of any greater amount of freehold while we beg to decline ah _ wering thc other question ' Geohce Cavil .. —Mr . O'Connor ' s new w ork on Small Farms" is not yet out , and for tho verv best reasonthat Mr . O'Connor has Kot time to write it . Tlic work tlmt is out , and sold by Mr . Heywood , ami all booksellers , is complete in itself , and Mr . O'Connor ' _, new work will render the possession of that more nec . t-. ar / , as it will be a wero appendix to it , and not b . und up with it . r
R . Lewton , _Ceoxton .-T 1 _io same answer as above . J . H . M . _ We r . all y must u . . b u _' wm RI ? " , _" _^ ourni _*« > t 0 _- » _4 _uolut he ifo , has alread y been made too often the vehicl . of _peisouul abuse . ; but it shall never be so a » ain H . RiCHA _ DSoN .--Vrhen th « Mw Militia Act m «„ cs itB length ; but again we „ . ust observe , that tivo Stars
a loan ? _^ r ° _' ° _"W b ¦ __ .. . ¦ _» . tbat a 1 pa ties w . 1 abstain from calling upon Min i _^ _Taes-J ' ,- " V ! _T- > * ' Tbmd » y- _« « _-n . on Fridav , as lie really finds it impossible to pull np thc tim _* _. lost in conversation , while he has a great diselination to refuse any man an interview ; in future , however , lie must make it a rule . It is also requested that correspondents seeking replies will slate their case at once , without giving us thu trouble in many instances of wading through four pages of local news to get at a simple question .
W . Tavloh , Greenacre ' _. Moor , should have seen the tolly of putting such a question to us . We will _gratis him . however , by the assurance that , for some time past the . a « r has increased at a rate of from .. J to Mi a-week , and some weeks more ; while we receive numerous communications from all parts oi the country expressing unmixed deli ght at the _managemeiit ot the paper . Perhaps he will be satliied Tn « VVr , "m" 3 ' ilM , tanccfc -- _*•<••*»• -. Patoi . and _hoyi , Glasgow , have increased their order witliin five week * , tvotn 1 ) 4 to KM ) ; Mr . Sweet , of Xottiugl . ain _, from , we think , 70 to 03 ; Mr . Guest , r _ nm . igl . aiii . to a greater extent ; Mr . Ileywood , Manchester , mor _. ' _-htin ml put together ; while one of our London agents last week rose nearly 70 . We liavc so tar gratified his curiosi ty , wbich he assured us _^ was excessive ; but we trust that such questions will not be put to us in future . We hope soon to bc apologising for inability to supply the demand .
Mr . _Colql'iio-. v . —No room this neck . AKnii _. w M'Ivkn-II' . —Thanks for your kind _h-::.. i- liu ; _subject shall he noticed next week . _ _s rivm _li . is week ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 7, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_07021846/page/4/
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