On this page
- Departments (4)
- Adverts (2)
-
Text (12)
-
"1Leigh-street Burton-cresent the mechan...
-
a*9fl«tv« ^Bocirti.
-
THE POOR MAX'S SABBATH. 5y the author of...
-
»njieiiJ0
-
Heport of the Speech of Henry Mayhew, Es...
-
Life, Scenery, and Customs, in Sierra Le...
-
The Medical Recorder; being a Digest of ...
-
The Christian Socialist. Parti. Watson, ...
-
A Large Ship DBSKMBn.—Amongst the disast...
-
vwmm
-
A BAcnBioB is like a jug without a handl...
-
IiEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT! HOLLO WAY'S PILLS, -*¦-*- Cure of a Disordered Liver and Stomach.
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
"1leigh-Street Burton-Cresent The Mechan...
December 7 , 1850 . THE NORTHERN STAR . 1 _T 7 1 ' _~ l ~~ _"" _"'"" " _^""" _^^—— _^ mmm—m — w _^ _mmm——„ , mm , _^ . mm _^ . _^^ m
A*9fl«Tv« ^Bocirti.
a _* _9 fl « tv « _^ _Bocirti .
The Poor Max's Sabbath. 5y The Author Of...
THE POOR MAX'S SABBATH . _5 y the author of " The Omnipotence of the Deity , " " Leisure Hours , " and other Poems . "Blessed day—the day God-given , Rest-time from our weary toil ; Only one of all the seven Free from crushing work and moil . _Sabbath—rest-daj—day of sleeping , Solace for the six days' care ; Ease for limbs with pain still creeping , From the long week's wear and tear . "Blessed Sabbath , gift of heaven , Man-begrudged , and man-denied ; TJneonimanded , unasked given , "When the suffering man-God died .
How -we love ye , and the giver , For the boon we fondly prize ; For the woodland , field , and river , Blessing tben our weary eyes ; For the beauty , for the glory , Of the flowers , and sun , and sky ; For the poem , paper , story-Sabbath ' s privilege and " joy . Though fer ns , nor harp nor tabor , Wake their soft _Julian strains , After days of crushing labour , After nights of aches aud pains ; Though for us , nor organs swelling , Church , nor priestly blessing given Though for us nor parson telling , Seat , nor pew nor way to heaven ;
We have Sabbath-music , pealing From the universe of God ; And our raggedness finds kneeling Bounteous on the daisied sod . And among the heather stealing , And upon the balmy wind , Truths are whisper'd * hopes revealing Sweet as heaven-light to the blind . Sermons , too , the woods are preaching , Lessons great the press supplies , Weighed , and understood , nnd teaching , Poor men s worth and destinies . Sabbath , then , we'll prize thee ever ! Struggling—wear the galling chain Riveted by _cheapen'd labour , Hamper ' d money , tyrant ' s
reign-Till our moral power and uses , Rights and liberties , shall bo Subjected to no abuses-Owned and granted , full and free . Then the day—the rest-day—given From our woeful , weary toil , Shall be every day in seven—Rest for labour , _blias for moil . "Not with pride our minds inflating , Scom of work and bate of rank ; Rest and labour alternating-Life a prize , and not a hlanli . Rising upwards to onr level—Feeling all our might and power-Sot misusing it for evil—Wide-fworld ' s blessing , bulwark , tower
Casting down the tyrant ' s places-Banishing the curse of war—Raising up down-trodden faces—Or what good power ' s given for . Till the nations glorious rising , To tbe privilege erst given—Each the right of other prizing , Earth becomes a type of Heaven .
»Njieiij0
_» _njieiiJ 0
Heport Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...
Heport of the Speech of Henry Mayhew , Esq ., at St . Martin ' s Hall , October 20 , 1850 . London . This speech "was delivered by the -well-known " Special Correspondent" of the "Morning Chronicle , " at a meeting convened by the Tailors' Committee , for the purpose of exposing tbe falsehoods contained in an article in that paper OU "The Sweating System , " and to exhibit the terrible evils engendered by tbat system , -whether regarded in a moral , physical , religious , or sanitary point of view . The Committee have very judiciously published a full report , with the evidence adduced at tbat meeting , on these points ; and a more appalling record of the misery inflicted by onr present system it is scarcely possible to imagine .
It is also important to know the reason why Mr . Mayhew was removed from a position in which he was rendering so much service to society . Mr . Mayhew said : — When he first entered into his engagement on this subject with the conductors of the Chronicle , knowing their views upon political economy , he stipulated that not a fact should be altered or withheld in any of his communications , and they pledged "bim their words that if he supplied them with facts , those facts they -would print , no matter what theory or peculiar line of policy they might appear to interfere with . He soon found , however , thatif hepnt any _statementinhisletterswhichclashedwiththeeditor ' _s
ideas of free * trade , the pen was immediately drawn through it . On one occasion , whilst employed on the bootmakers' trade , this suppression was so strongly marked that he could no longer , as a honest man , Bnbnut to it . hi this case two passages were omitted from his manuscript , which appeared to him to be perfectly fair statements , and which no one but a person determined to suppress the truth , would ever have thought of erasing . The one was a statement from a working man , concerning the influence of French boots npon his trade—the other a matter of fact , recorded by Mr . Mayhew liiniself . Here they were : — " The trade , I know , generally consider that free
trade is ef advantage to the monied man , and not to the working classes . A man who has a regular income can get more for his money when things are cheap . The working classes of this country are unable to compete with foreigners . We are too highly taxed , and stand at too great rents to do it . Let lis he free altogether , and then we will compete with any nation you please , both in the style and the price of our work . But with dear governments and dear rents it ia useless talking of cheap prices in this country , unless they are obtained at the ruin of the working classes . Let us be free , I say , and then people may talk of free labour as much as they like . But we have no means of saying our calls
Bay If we hold public meetings , government it a conspiracy . I take it , though , we are as much an element ofthe State as either the landlords or the capitalists : and I look upon it as a dead robbery that I should be forced to pay taxes that I have not the least voice in imposing . You see , government puts taxes upon us without allowing ns one word in the matter . They expect us to pay them , and at the same time they let in the produce of foreigners duty free—that is , without making them contribute anything tothe State—and then expect us to compete with them after they Lave overburdened us with duties and taxes on almost everything at home ; as they have taken the taxes off
taxes off foreign goods , let them take the us ; and then , and not till then , shall we be able to compete with the foreigners . " The second paragraph omitted was as follows : — •'• Such , I am bound in candour to confess , is the _oninionof all snch portions of the working classes as I have already been brought into communication with . The Spitalfields weavers were almost to _TmTp _otectionkts . dating the decline oftheir _waees from the reduction of the duties on foreign 3-and though the tailors were not so _vio-Enfe opposed to the free trade policy as the silk _SKKny of them declared themselves _snp-%£ _™ of £ 1 doctrine , ) still l _^ J _^ SS _Jsdljof opinion that some en actment was required in order to _nrotect the operative , and restrict tne
masters from having work done off tbeir premises . Again , the coalwhippers dater their prosperity trom the hill which prohibited the coal owners from employing other than registered labourers in oelirering the cargoes of their ships ; and they complained bitterly of the operation of the bona fas clause , which allowed masters to engage any hands they pleased , provided they could mike out they had taken them into their service fourteen days previously . I am bound , I say , in common honesty to the trust which has been confided to me—viz ., to register the truth whithersoever it may lead—to make known these facts as regards the working men ' s opinions : whether such opinion s are formed upon the sound and enlightened principles of an enlarged commercial policy , 1 leave others to declare . My function m to record facts , and certheories
tainly not to uphold or to oppose . " Now , withont entering at all into the question of free trade , he ( Mr . Mayhew ) thought no one eould affirm , that these two passages should , in fairness , have been withheld from the public . But the Editor thought differently ; he had told him ( Mr . Mayhew ) previously that he considered the articles on the bootmakers were all against free trade ; but his ( Mr . _Mayhew's ) reply was that he bad nothing to do with that-his business being amply to record the facts as he found them , and certainly not to give those only which appeared to -favour the peculiar policy of the Jbming Chronicle Accordingly , on perceiving the two passages before cited , * omitted from the printed version of his letter _&¦ ¦ _*&*[ _-bdbt and ' shoemakeni _, he despatched the _foUoTrininotetothefllditor . '— :. 7 ; . '
Heport Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...
" 1 , Leigh-street , Burton-cresent _, Feb . 5 th , 1850 . My dear Sir , —I purposely absented myself from the office last night because I was anxious to consult with certain private friends , concerning my position upon the Morning Chronicle . I think I have told you hefore , that in matters affecting my own interests , or touching my own feelings , I never permit myself to act upon my own unadvised opinions . " In the proofs of my last letter there occurred the two passages which I send herewith , and which you thought it right to omit . Now , believe me , my dear sir , I have not the least wish or disposition to interfere with , or question the fit exercise of your office as Editor of the Morning Chronicle , still , I myself am hound by the trust ' that you have confided to me , lo see that the truth , of which you have made me the seeker , is not rendered subser" 1 . Lfiiofh-at . rpot 11 ni . _i /> n _..... _nn _»
vient to the politics of the journal of which you are the Editor . " You will remember that before I began the inquiry , you yourself expressed it to be your wish as strongly as it was my determination , that tho truth , and the truth alone , should be sought and developed , no matter what party or peculiar principles it might appear to favour or militate against . Tbis , I believe , was the express and tacit understanding between us . The labour question was to be investigated without reference to any particular
prejudice , theory , party , or policy , and it was with this spirit that I set out upon my mission . I made up my mind to deal with human nature as a natural philosopher or a chemist deals with any material object ; and , as a man who had devoted some little of his time to physical and metaphysical science , I must say I did most heartily rejoice that it should have been left to me to apply the laws of the inductive philosophy for the first time , I believe , in the world to the abstract questions of political economy . I am thus prolix because I wish
you to understand that 1 am anxious to raise no frivolous objection to the exercise of your functions as Editor of the Morning Chronicle . " Tha enclosed paragraphs you have thought fit to erase from my printed letter of last Monday . This ( I am sure you will pardon me in so saying ) appears to tne to ho an interference with the duties entrusted to me , that I am bound in honour and honesty to protest against . I am well aware that the opinions expressed in those paragraphs are not consonant with the politics of the Morning _Cltronklc . With that , however , I . as a person collecting and registering facts ( without reference to any particular creed or theory ) am in no way concerned ; and I must say , that if these facts are to be omitted because they are thought not to coincide with certain preconceived notions , or a peculiar line of policy , I must decline continuing my labours upon the Morning Chronicle .
" I say this after consultation with my friends , and those friends , moreover gentlemen advocating the same principles as the Morning Chronicle itself ; and the conclusion come to among us is , that I cannot in honour consent to pursue my investigations until I have an assurance from you that the enclosed paragraphs shall be inserted in my next letter , and tbat in future no matter of fact bearing upon the subject of my inquiries shall be omitted from my letters . " I trust you will receive this in the spirit that it is written , and see that far from having any wish to dictate to you in the exercise of your office , I am anxious only to carry out to the letter the terms of my engagement with you , and to do my duty both to yoa and the public , in as fair and just a manner _as _' l posibly can .
" I shall feel obliged by your answer in tbe course of this evening . I leave town to-night and shall return early in the morning ; so if you will oblige me with a line , saying that I may continue my Labours in the same impartial spirit as I began , I will immediately set to work again as cheerfully and heartily as ever . If , however , you think that iu making the insertion of the enclosed paragraphs an express stipulation of thc continuation of my inquiries . I am demanding too much of you , or
seeking to interfere with your duties in a manner that you cannot permit , then ( as I am anxious to put you to as little inconvenience as I can ) I shall be happy to complete my inquiries into the income and condition of the shoemakers , so that my labours upon the Morning Chronicle may terminate with as little disagreeableness as possible . " Be your decision , however , as it may , I trust tbat tbis misunderstanding will in no way even cool the friendship that exists between us , and which makes me subscribe myself ,
* ' My dear Sir , your very sincere friend , " IlEXRT _MATHEW . " The Editor then gave Mr . M . his assurance that no erasure should be thereafter made without firct consulting him on the subject , but in a few weeks the same dishonest tampering again took place with his articles , and his situation on the paper became one of a not very amicable nature . Be and the conductors were continually disputing , and he was as continually reminding the gentlemen thaths wished to be quit of his engagement ; and
he should have been quit of it long ago , had they not told him that if he left they would get somebody else to write his letters—and he certainly did not wish to father other persons' articles . ( Hear , hear . ) At last they proposed to him that he should describe the state of the workers in metals , in two articles ; but feeling that he could not , in justice to the operatives or himself , do so as a honest man , he replied . " No ; I have done witb it ; " and he then left . ' Two or three days after this out came the article respecting the Messrs . Nicoll , gainsaying all he had said .
That " The Special Correspondent" has been led to very different conclusions from our Free Trade journals and economists , by his personal and practical experience , will be seen from the following extract : — But , after all , he asked , was it possible to have _things cheap ? Folitical e conomists told them that cheapness was to be the great national blessing ; indeed , the " cheap age" was to le the political " Millenium . " But how was cheapness possible but by exalting one trade at the expense of another ? ( Hear . ) For _inBt-ince , suppose that one coat were exchanged for one hat and that the quantity of coats were to be doubled . It was clear that in that case two coats would exchange for one hat . But suppose the number of hats to be in their turn doubled , would it not then come to the same thingone coat would still exchange against only one
hat ; so that make everything cheap , am > we WERE SIMPLY IS THE PLACE WHERE WE WERE BEFORE , notwithstanding all the hurry and scramble to do that which cannot be done . It was , in fact , as impossible to have every thing cheap or dear , as it was to have every man sliort or tall . These were relative terras , and both supposed one common standardthe mere deviation from which they expressed . The common standard of value was cost ot production , and that article alone was cheap which fell below this point . Whether this was the blessing that political economists raved about—whether they wished all things , or even half , or a smaller fraction , to fall below the cost of production—or whether they really did know what they meant when tbey talked about cheapness and its advantage to a
community , Mr . Mayhew was at a loss to comprehend . The tendency of the cheap mania was to enable one trade , or one man in a trade , to ruin all the rest , by forcing the price of his or their goods below the current price . The means by which it was ordinarily done were as follows _t-j-There was a legitimate cheapness and an illegitimate cheapness . The former was the result of an extensive production—it was brought about when , by scientific improvements and a division of labour , or by the use of machinery , we got to do our work with o smaller number of hands , and so to produce at a diminished expense . To produce a greater amount of wealth with a lesser amount of labour was said to be the greatest blessing to a community . And so it wound be PROVIBBB WE HAB KOT TOO MAST UJJBHPLOTEP
LABOUREHS ALREADY , AND WE COULD KILL OFF THOSE WHOM WE THOS DEPRIVKB OF WORK . But WO BttUt keep our surplus paupers . Let us put them aside as much as we pleased , still if we did not keep them as honest workmen , they would appear around us as paupers and criminals . We might conceive the whole wealth ofthe country to be produced by the persons who were merely employed to make and attend upon the machines ; but what was to become of tbe people got rid of by these means ? We had put them on one side ; could we wring their necfes ? Ifwe could not , they must live , and that upon a portion of the produce of the community . ( Hear , bear . ) A short time ago he ( Mr . M . ) went into Buckinchamshire to look into the allotment system And , in one parish of 1 , 800 acres , ho found that , onlv a few years ago , there were seventeen
farmers , wbo occupied , upon the average , iyu acres each , and constantly employed six men a piece , or , Rr Mere-ate , upwards of 100 hands . Kow , _how-£ e _SSrmers in the parish occupied to the extent of 800 acres each , and only employed six men _mA a few extra hands at harvest time . Thus the a » „ f hands employed hy this system was denumber of hands _empiojcu / _na _& _ne _,, from a crea 8 ed on _^ half . He _leanie _^ moreo _^ clergyman _tnerft _w" -oii ,-on in that county that the _^* _ffmrife gfving way to large * o ; that small ferimr ™ _^ _ieJ d ] Bph _A farms , ¦ _" ¦ _" _^ V i . _fbSrm atthe time of taking The agricultural ta _™ _nTO _* v » number ; so that the last census , were 1 , _« 00 , « h J *» » _- if this system had been generaUy mrie must have been formerly J _^' " _; ke T \ fere the upon the lands . And what , Jie asKea , 1500 , 000 who had _^ _^^ eJSat where were they gone to ? Had _awy _' home weuina mum their ou < n people— or were _utty «
to other ceuntries-or did they form * _?«" _£ " , _% bands of ruffians who were _^^ _^ f £ Zl committing acts at which the soul revolted ? x _" ° _™™ _£ mg classes . iu Great Britain were about lour millions out of a population of eighteen mill- * " ana a half . ' These were the producers of the entire wealth ' of the country . And the estimated power of
Heport Of The Speech Of Henry Mayhew, Es...
the mechanical labour of the country was 600 , 000 , 000 of men . Ko wonder , then , that we talked of over-population , and that there was a difficulty for men to get a crust for their day ' s subsistence . The one crying difficulty of the time was what we should do with the men whose labour was displaced by the progress which had been , and was continually being , made by science and mechanical skill ? They must wake up to the actual reality of the state of things around them , and not continue to follow men like Mr . Cobden and Mr . Bright , who told ' them that they were _liappy , that they were well fed , that they had as much as they wanted , and that their wives and their children _tvere not at that time starving . Let these men come with him ( Mr . Mayhew ) but one day , and he fledgbd himself to snow them such scenes of . . . .
HOKROB AND MISERY AS SHOULD AFFRIGHT THEM —?/ they possessed souls—w their very _sodis . He ( Mr . AL ) had no creed as regarded the remedy as yet . lie saw evils ; but so many fresh ones were constantly presenting themselves in his pathway that , until tho facts were collected , it was impossible for him to state what he thought would cure them . There was another evil in the large and scientific system of production as at present carried out , that had not yet been estimated . The labourers displaced by it must , as he said before , be maintained by some moans ; if they could no longer earn a subsistence by they labour , they must be kept at the expense of the State . We could not allow them to
die of starvation , even if they would . Let us therefore endeavour to compute how much the country had to pay every year for the support of those very working men with whose labour we considered it the highest blessing to be able to dispense . Remember , we can only produce cheap—even in a legitimate way—by creating the same or a greater amount _ofivealtit _ivith a smaller quantity of labour , or in other words , a fewer number of labourers . If there he 4 , 000 , 000 of workpeople ia this eountry , and we learn how to do all the work with only " 3 , 000 , 000 , then it is very clear that the remaining million must be kept in a state of idleness , at the expense ofthe community . It , then , our population be increasing by hundreds every day , and every day we
are , from improvements in both the science and art of manufacture , learning how to decrease our labourers hy the same amount , it fallows that our paupers and criminals , despite all our gaols , prison discipline , ragged schools , allotments , and such other physical and moral panacea , must be continually increasing at a most alarming and overwhelming rate . Let us , then , endeavour to find out how dear a thing cheapness may be to a civilised community . In the first place , the paupers alone cost the couutry seven millions of pounds a year ; then the sum dispensed in charities , to alms-people , mendicants , the inmates of asylums and hospitals ,
amounts at least , to three millions more ( the income derived from property bequeathed for charitable purposes is very nearl y half the . amount ); and , lastly , the cost ef maintaining the thirty thousand criminals that enter our gaols every year , together with the value ofthe property stolen , is upwards of a million ; thus making the entire expense of supporting the outcasts of our State amount to less that twelve millions of pounds sterling per annum . Look at it in which way we please , this sum expresses the amount by which the working classes of this country are unable to support themselves , and which the community at large has to make up to them .
But if the working classes cannot earn enough by twelve millions of pounds io maintain themselves , by how much are the trading classes deficient—in other words , what amount of money does the nation lose every year through the reckless and dishonest dealings—the insane competition—the suicidal underselling of its tradesmen , in order to keep pace with the national love of cheapness ? THE TOTAL LOSS THROUGH _BAXKRUPTCIES IS THUS
ESTIMATED . The dividends paid hy the Court of £ Bankruptcy in 1815 , were 1 , 213 , 000 By a return of one Court of the actual result of fifty cases , taken consecutively , the average amount of dividend paid was not three shillings in the pound . This sum , therefore , repre- sents gross debts of £ 8 , 066 , 000 , and a net loss of ( proved by the returns of the Court of Bankruptcy in 1845 ) 6 , 833 , 000 From extensive inquiry , it appears that the cases passing through the Court of Bankruptcy are not one tenth in
number or amount oi the insolvency of the country , the remaining ninetenths being arranged under deeds of assignment and composition . The dividends , however , on such cases will , on an average , reach seven shillings in the pound , making the aunual loss , under Composition Deeds , assuming this proportion to be correct , amount to the enormous sum of . 52 , 429 , 000 The cases heard before the Insolvent Debtors' Court amounted , in 1843 , to above £ 5 , 000 ; the average loss may be estimated at , per annum 1 , 000 , 000 Total loss per annum £ 61 , 495 , 000 Now adding the above enormous amount to the twelve millions for the cost of maintaining the paupers and criminals of this country , we have a sum tota l of seventy-three millions of money , or very nearly one-fourth of the entire National Income lost in the insane attempt to drive down the prices of things below their prime cost . Was there then so dear a luxury as cheapness—so extravagant and ruinous a propensity ? To gratify this same overweening love of bargains , every man , woman , and child had to pay £ 3 5 s . every year . This sum waa the common penalty paid for the blind belief that it was possible for a nation to grow rich while each _individual was striving to cut down rent , profits , and wages below subsistence point . Such are the evils of cheapness , even when legitimately attained ; that is to say , when effected solely by improved means of production , and SO reducing the number of labourers .
Life, Scenery, And Customs, In Sierra Le...
Life , Scenery , and Customs , in Sierra Leone and the Gambia . By Thomas Eyre Poole , D . D ., formerly of Magdalen Hall , Oxford . London : Eentley . Mb . Poole was Colonial Chaplain , and has lived to return and tell his tale of that white man ' s grave . How he escaped is surprising . The every day duties of Colonial and Garrison Chaplain are fatiguing enough in such a climate ; but the visitation of the sick and the burial of the dead are harassing to the last degree , especially as the doctor seems to think the fever infectious as well as contagious ;
while the numerous funerals are generally performed under circumstances both depressing and noxious . He also had other grounds of annoyance , about which he speaks somewhat darkly in his sketches o the morals and manners of the colony . Dr . Poole , however , lived through it all , and in tolerable enjoyment , too . He not only took bis " constitutional" exercise , but made numerous excursion * " } in the neig hbourhood of Freetown , and visited our settlements on the Gambia , making a long voyage up the river . He exposed himself at
all hours , professionally or for pleasure ; and lived well . The Colonial Chaplain is no ascetic . He enjoys a good dinner , and a glass of wine , or grog , or " Bass ' s pale , " and seems only not to smoke because he cannot . These things , and some other matters in costume , & c , which would make a prieBt or formalist turn up his eyes , either cannot be avoided in the p rimitive state of an African settlement on the Western coast , or are indispensable to existence . In the Tropics we must live well to live at all .
The work contains a good deal of information as regards the Coloured and European population of Sierra Leone ; with opinions and suggestions respecting tbis part of Africa and the _nativeB , of a mixed kind ; some being sensible , and others useless or impracticable . There are complaints against the Colonial Office , and many exposures of mismanagement and abuses ; with narratives of excursions , and sketches of incidents of travel or adventures in the wild .
All the immig rants who were _tronjhfc to Sierra Leone during the time of slavery were very far beyond the natives . The following will give an account of an English preacher ' B duties among the ' Niggers " : — A more pleasing and delightful trait of character , of quite a different complexion , and which was exhibited under very interesting circumstances , was once described to me by a friend on the coast , who was himself concerned in the transaction which brought it to light . ThiB gentleman had been preaching on tbe previous day to the people under
his care . He , was accosted by a native , one _. of the members of his ' charge , who said he wished very much to Bpjftk _tbliim ; and , on being asked the purport Of his _Question , he told the person what ho wanted , which was an explanation ofa word he had heard , but could not understand . " _Massa , massa , he exclaimed , " good morning , massa . You done speak , y esterday , one big word ! " lie was asked what it was . ' The inquirer continued , " Massa , no can tell , but I want you * to tell me what it is . Tho centleman was altogether at a loss toconjuc tare hew tbat expression could be which bad made
Life, Scenery, And Customs, In Sierra Le...
_h mpre 8 sion on this sim P le but sincere conli -. _Christianity ; and tried a variety of words , out without arriving at that which was the subiect ol explanation . " Is it glory ? " asked the gentleman . The man said , ' * That bright for good , but that not the word . " "Is it God ? " continued the gentleman . " I savez God be bright , " answered tue inquirer ; "hut that not the word . " "Is it _S'ao ? r P ursued mv friend . " I savoz tbat , " said tne African , " in my heart , " putting his hand upon it at the same time ; " that bo good , but it no be tnat . Thc gentleman was . almosfe disheartened and ready to give up tho inquirywhen he remembered
, having used the expression effulgence . " Is it effulgence ? " asked the gentleman . Thc word was scarcel y spoken than , in an ecstasy of delight , and laughing for joy , the African exclaimed , " Yes , massa ; yes , massa , that he big word : please tell me what that big word mean . " To the best of his ability the person tried to make htm understand its meaning by directing his attention to tho rising sun , and other objects calculated to assist his mind in comprehending it ; when thc poor fellow observed , raising his eyes to heaven , and clasping his hands together , " Oh , massa , that just how we shall see « _ou iu heaven !"
Here is a good idea of a st ylish Negro wedding : — The behaviour of the applicants for tho bonds of Hymen is , for tbe most part , decorous ; but I am sometimes compelled to read them a lecture , as well as the friends who attend them . I make , however , every allowance for their not knowing better . The most troublesome and unpleasant part of the duty is to regulate and keep in order the ill-behaved , and very often disreputable characters who noisily and irreverentl y crowd into the church on such occasions , and would , if not restrained by severe and decisive interference , bring their indecencies and ribaldry up to the railings of the altar . I have often
been obliged to send for a policeman to preserve decorum ; and thon the miserable beings will run out of the church with laughter and grins and every other expression of ienoranco and contempt . The dress ofthe bride and bridegroom at the bridal merits a better pen than mine to describe it . The HgJiw Ihe parties , the more pains they seem to take to show it off to the utmost , by the most conspicuous contrast of colour and finery . Fancy a short , dumpy , waddling bit ofa body , black as jet , covered with white silk or satin ! Flounces four deep , white satin shoes , white gloves , artificial wreath or a fillet of natural flowers encircling her curly pate . There is no exaggeration in this . Then the massive earrings of virgin gold depending from two monstrous lapping ears , the almost imperceptible nose thc
pouting lip , and white pearly teeth . So much for the bride . Now for the bridegroom . Scarcely able to turn one way or the other , so tightly 19 he cased in a blue swallow-tailed coat with gilt figured buttons , white folding waistcoat , and everything else to correspond . The wedding-ring must not be overlooked , as it is frequently a curiosity itself and not always of gold , or plain , but sometimes silver , brass , tin , broad and twisted . Thc glovo of the bashful lady has generally to be violently taken off to admit tlie _putting on tlie finger tho precious emblem of fidelity and perpetuity of love ; and I havo never wanted volunteers to officiate for me in helping the most interested of the party to got the ring honestly and fairly in its appointed place .
The most painful part of my duty in theso matters was to get them to repeat the words ofthe service after me . The wretched stupidity they would show in trying to do this , exceeds belief ; and the unseasonable ridicule it would provoke in their own people was distressingly trying . In short , their utter ignorance in numerous cases of thc . naturo of the _responsibilities they were undertaking could not fail of causing regret that they marry at all .
The Medical Recorder; Being A Digest Of ...
The Medical Recorder ; being a Digest of Practical Medicine and Surgery . First Half-yearly Part . Edited hy W . Raleigh Baxter L . L . D . London : Palmer and Clayton . This work is intended to supply a deficiency in medical literature which has long been felt ; for , although there are many publications which give recent discoveries in chemistry , and improved modes of treating disease , yet they are so scattered about in different publications , as to be scarcely available to tlie busy general
practitioner . The "Medical Recorder" brings into one volume , in as short a space as possible , everything of importance which has occurred within the half-year . The subjects are arranged alphabetically , and are thus easily referred to ; and they are concisel y treated , which is a great advantage . There has evidently been great labour in preparing the part before us , and we think the result is a highly successful one , and that it supplies most satisfactoril y the deficiency to which Ave have alluded . We think the medical profession will find it a most useful hook of reference , and as such we recommend it .
We give the following extract , as ifc may amuse our readers , and is , at the same time , suggestive to those who don't wish to die of over-fat : — Pat , Generation * op . —We borrow the following from Dr . T . K . Chambers ' s " Gulstonian Lectures , " reported in the Lancet for May . The ortolan anecdote has been told before , we believe , in a work addressed to those whose " talk is of bullocks , " and who excel in spoiling meat for the large markets , by over-feeding . We give the extract , however , not merely because it is amusing , but that its physiological reading is suggestive of hints for the prevention of unhealthly and unseemly obesity : — " Perhaps the
greatest refinement in fattening is exhibited in the manner of feeding ortolans . The ortolan is a small bird , esteemed a great delicacy by the Italians . It is the fat ofthis bird wbich is so delicious * , but it bas a peculiar habit of feeding which is opposed to its rapid fattening—that is , that it feeds only at the rising of the sun . Yet this peculiarity bas not proved an insurmountable obstacle to the Italian gourmands . The ortolans are placed in a warm chamber , perfectly dark , with only one aperture in the wall . Their food is scattered over the floor of the chamber . At a certain hour in the morning the keeper of the birds places a lantern in the orifice of the wall ; the dim light thrown by the lantern on the floor , induces the
ortolans to believe that the sun is about to rise , and they greedily consume the food upon the floor . More food is now scattered over it , and the lantern is withdrawn . The ortolans , rather surprised at the shortness ofthe day , think it their duty to fall asleep , as night has spread his sable mantle around them . During sleep , little of the food being expended in the production of force , most of it goes to the formation of muscle and fat . After they have been allowed to repose for one or two hours , in order to complete the digestion ofthe feod taken , their keeper again exhibits the lantern through the aperture . The rising sun again illuminates the apartment , and the birds , awaking from their slumber , apply themselves
voraciously to the food upon the floor , * after having discussed which , they are again enveloped in darkness . Thus the sun is made to shed its rising rays into the chamber four or five times every day , and as many nights follow its transitory beams The ortolans thus treated become like little balls of fat in a few days . Here several applications of the same principle occur at once : absence of waste from ' motion , in the extra sleep which tbe birds get ; absence of the usual chemical changes from the influence of light ; an unusual supply of food , from their being deluded into taking
four meals a day instead of one ; and great facilities for digesting tbat food , by being removed from the view of those external objects wliich naturally arouse the anxieties , and eo hamper the digestion of waking mortals . A cruel advantage is taken by the natives in India of their knowledge of the above fact . The wild hog will not fatten in confinement , because he is constantly looking about for some way of escape , and is _harraesed by the prospect of his prison walls . They therefore sew up the eyelidB of the animal , and then he rapidly becomes tit for the table . "
The Christian Socialist. Parti. Watson, ...
The Christian Socialist . Parti . Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . We have so recently noticed this excellent periodical , that it is unnecessary for us to do more than acknowledge the receipt of the first part , complete , and to commend it again to the support of all who take an interest in the social welfare of the people .
A Large Ship Dbskmbn.—Amongst The Disast...
A Large Ship DBSKMBn . —Amongst the disasters in the late gale , a large timber ship became water-logged , and in this state was abandoned oft tho 80 Uth-wostern coast , by her captain and crew , who were brought _uafe into Queenstown . Their statements having led to a knowledge of hor position , Mr . N . Seymour , junr ., took a crew of twenty men out in the Amphithrite cutter , belonging to Messrs . Seymour and Co ., and was fortunate enough to board her , and leave the men in charge . The hame of the vessel is the Coromandel , of Liverpool , and we . understand that her value , including the cargo , exceeds £ 6 , 000 . These become a droit of Admiraltyand will bo sold as such .
, Curious Circumstance . — A few days Bince , as some _spoilsmen « eio hunting wild hears in the Forest of _Villegusien , near Langros , the servant of one of the party fired at a boar , which fell , and the man , thinking he was dead , ran to take possession of his prize ; when the animal , which , though mortally wounded , had still strength enough to rise up , attacked his assailant , and striking - Jam 1 with hfe tusk , . divided the _crural artery _. by . v ? hich he bled to death in a feff ' m » utOB . -0 a % Ma » n s Akstenger .
Vwmm
_vwmm
A Bacnbiob Is Like A Jug Without A Handl...
A _BAcnBioB is like a jug without a handle , there ' s no taking hold of him . Never court the favour of the rich by flattering either their vanity or their vices . Why is the letter S likely to prove dangerous when used in an argument ?—Because it turns words into Swords . The mam that rides the night-mare has challenged the telegraph to trot fifty miles before a waggon . Gigantic crystals have been found in Cairngorm by the "diggers" engaged in the pursuit ; two especially weighing 231 bs . and 551 bs . _Extraordinary Fact . —It is stated , upon the very highest authority , " that the Queen never takes anything to eat in the morning before breakfast . "
A okntms heart is like ripe fruit , which bends so low that it is at the mercy of every one who chooses to pluck it , while the harder fruit keeps out of reach . A Curb for Love , —A quaint author recommends aa a cure for love—first , to fast ; then tarry ; thirdly , change thy place ; fourthly , think of a halter , which is very concise and easily to be clone . The _KUiiBtBs of the French army have been diminished within the past year from 451 , 000 Tien to 390 , 000 , while the ships of war , of which , in 1 SJS , there were 235 , are now reduced to 125 . The Misn . —The mind has a certain vegetative power , which cannot be wholly idle . If it is not laid out and cultivated into a beautiful garden , it will of itself shoot up in weeds or flowers of a wild growth .
An 1 . O . U . cannot he transferred from one person to another ; but if a person produces in a Court of Law an I . O . U . not directed to any one , unless the contrary is proved , the party producing it is supposed to he tho U . The higher the order of intellect with which one is brought in contact , the less one has to fear ; true goodness is" all charity , and true genius is the least presumptuous . Knowledge cannot be acquired without pains and application . It is troublesome and like deep digging for pure waters ; but when once you come to the spring , they rise up and meet you .
A Candid Reply . — " I shall be happy , " said an expiring husband to his wife , who was weeping most dutifully by the bedside , "if you will only promise not to marry that object of my unceasing jealousy , your cousin Charles . "— " Make yourself quite easy , love , " said the expectant widow , " I am engaged to his brother , " A Quack .- — "Ma ' am said a quack to a nervous old lady , " yours is a _scrutunary complaint . "" What is that ?"— "Ifc is the dropping ofthe nerves . The nerves having fallen into thepizarintum , the chest becomes torberous , the head goes tizarizzen , tizarizzen . "— " Oh , Doctor , you have described by feelings exactly I "
A _Poskh . —A cornet in a " crack' regiment of the line was asked by the military examiner whether the sun moved round the earth or the earth round the sun . The youngster was astonished at the question : —and after hesitating for some time , said at last , by way of compromise— " Sometimes the one and sometimes the other . Rather over-Zealous . — We have recently heard of a piece of Protestant zeal , wbich , notwithstanding all our heartiness in the cause , goes , in our opinion , a little beyond discretion . It appears that a gentleman ivho feels an honest indignation at the
recent conduct of the Romish hierarcb , has refused to deal any longer with his butcher , for sending him a leg of mutton with the Pope ' s eye in it . —Punch . A Serious Joke . —In the reign of Edward the Fourth the sign of the " Crown" in Cheapside was kept by one Walter Walker . This person had observed in joke that he would make his son "heir to the Crown . " The words reached the jealous ears of royalty ; the foolish equivoque was construed into the crime of high treason , and the man was hanged opposite to his own door . —Jesse ' s London and its Celebrities .
Cheating , _anu being Cheateb . -- Lying is the commonest and most conventional of all vices ; it is one that pervades , more or less , every class of the community ; and it is fancied to be so necessary to the carrying on of human affairs , that the practice is tacitly agreed on . In the monarch ifc is " kingcraft , " in the statesman " expediency , " in the _churchman " mental reservation , " in the lawyer " the interest of his client , " in the merchant and shopkeeper , " secrets of trade . "—Men , Women , and Books .
GOLDEN RULES FOR BRIDES . Resolve every morning to be cheerful that day ; and should anything occur to break your resolution , suffer it not to put you out of temper with your husband . Dispute not with him , be the occasion what it may ; but much rather deny yourself the satisfaction of having your own will , or gaining the better of an ar * gument , than risk a quarrel or create a heart-burning , which it is impossible to see the end of . Implicit submission in a man to his wife is ever disgraceful to both ; but implicit submission in a wife to the just will ofher husband is what she promised at the altar—what the good will revere her for ; and what is , in fact , the greatest honour she can receive .
Be assured , a woman s power , as well as her happiness , has no other foundation than her husband ' s esteem and love , which it is her interest , by all possible means , to preserve and increase—share and soothe his cares , and , with the utmost assiduity , conceal his errors . Laws op Hoswtalitv . —A Bedawee , having obtained entrance surreptitiously into the house of a merchant , an inhabitant of Mecca , made up a convenient parcel of goods to decamp with , and was on the point of leaving ( he premises , whan he happened , in the dark , to strike his foot against something hard on tbe floor . Thinking it might be an article of value , he picked it up and put it to his tongue , when , to his equal mortification and disappointment , he found it to be a lump of rock salt . Having thus tasted the salt of the owner , his avarice gave way to his respect for the laws of hospitality ; and throwing down his booty , he withdrew empty-handed .
RULE OF SUCCESS . Be firm : one constant element in luck Is genuine , solid , old Teutonic pluck . See yon ( all shaft—it felt the earthquake ' s thrill , Clung to its base , and greets the sunrise still . Stick to your aim ; the mongrel ' s hold will slip , But only crowbars loose the bull-dog ' s grip : Small as he looks , the jaw that never yields Drags down the bellowing monarch ofthe fields . Supply op Water . —The Board of Health has published a report on the proposed water , supply to the Metropolis . It contains a table of forty springs which
yield at their source nearly forty millions of gallons per day , of a quality at and under one degree of hardness , equivalent to the supply of more than half a million of houses , at the rate of seventy-five gallons for each house per day ; and guarantees at least ten more millions of gallons per day at and under two degrees of hardness . To the report is affixed a plan of tile drains , which shall catch the waters as they issue from the earth , and led them to a main trunk that shall flow into a covered reservoir on Wimbledon Common , large enough to contain two days' supply against any emergency , and throwing its waste into the Thames .
AUSTRIA , PRUSSIA , AND BAVARIA . The entire population of Austria is 38 , 000 , 000—of which there are 6 , 700 , 000 Germans , 16 . fi 00 . 000 Slavonians , 6 , 700 , 000 Italians , and 5 , 900 , 000 Magyars . The military force of the empire consists of a standing army , and of an army of reserve called the Landwehr . The permanent force , in time of peace , is 414 , 000 men ; and during war , 639 , 659 . The public revenue is £ 15 , 000 , 800 . The public debt is £ 103 , 500 , 000 : but the army and the internal administration are the principal sources of expense .
The population of Prussia , including the various provinces , is 16 . 331 , 187 . The standing army is 137 . 000 men ; but the men capable of bearing arms , and liable to be called upon , amount to 837 , 000 . The budget of 1849 * 50 , mention an army of 217 , 200 men , of which 96 , 100 are soldiers of the Landwher . Military service for three years is imperative on all the male population , who subsequently form the Landwher . The Landstmm comprises all others capable of bearing arms between the ages of 17 and 50 . The public revenue , in 1849 , was £ 14 , 000 , 000 . The population of Bavaria is 4 , 504 , 874 . The permanent army , in time of peace , amounts to 58 , 239 men , _besideB four companies of veterans . There is also , in addition , an army of reserve , and tbe militias , or Landwehr , in which , every male , without exception , is liable to serve . The regular army is raised by conscription .
The Roman Catholic Church . —From a return made in the year 1767 , it _uppenrs that the number of Roman Catholics in England and Wales waB 67 , 916 . The number in England and Wales at the present time exceeds 1 , 000 , 000 . During a debate in the House of Commons on the 15 th of March , 1779 , it was stated by Mr . Dempster thatthe Catholics in Ireland might amount to 12 . 000 or 13 , 000 . The number of Catholics now in Scotland is about 200 , 000 . The enormous immigration of Irish ia the key to the far greater part of this increase . In the neighbourhood of Glasgow , for instance , there are not much less thau 100 , 000 Irish ; and the influx of Irish into Liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , Leeds , Shsf .
field , Nottingham , ahd London , which are the chief seats of the increase noticed above , will account for it almost entirely . The actual conversions , which are comparatively few , are almost entirely among the wealthy and the scholastic , and consist of persons already prepared by the labours ofthe _Puseys and the Pluipottses . The Catholic Register , ' _^ published , states that in the United States of America there are 3 archbishops , 24 bishops , 1 , 109 priests , 1 , 073 churches , and a Roman Catholic population of 1 , 473 , 350 , most of whom , too , are also Irish . The same Register _givea a detailed list of _distinguished converts to the Catholic Church in Germany , amongst whom are two princes , one princess , three dukes , and three counts .
Iiealth Where 'Tis Sought! Hollo Way's Pills, -*¦-*- Cure Of A Disordered Liver And Stomach.
IiEALTH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT ! HOLLO WAY'S PILLS , - *¦ - * - Cure of a Disordered Liver and Stomach .
Ad00315
ivhcn in a most hopeless slate . E n Ctof aLeUcrf "' om Mr * Matl ! "ie * v Harvey , of Chapel Hall , Airdrie , Scotland , dated the 15 th of January , 1850 . fi _v'T : _" _" _! valuable pills have heen the means , with uou g blessing , of restoring me to a state of perfect health , and at a time when I thought Iwas on the brink ot' tho grave . I Had consulted several eminent doctors , who , after doing what they could for me , stated thatthey considered my case as hopeless I ought to say tha 11 had been suffering flom a liver and stomach complaint of long standing , which during the h _. _sttwo yenrs got so much worse , that every one considered my condition as hopeless . I , as a last resource , got a box ot j our pills , which soon _jjave relief , and by peisevermg m their use for some weeks , together with rubbing night and morning your Ointment over mv chest and stomach , and right side , Ihave by their " _meaiis alone got completely cured , and to the astonishm ent of myself and everybody who knows me . —( Signed ) Matthew _IIahvev . —To Professor Hollowat . Cure of a Case of Weakness and Debility , 0 f _four
Ad00316
Thirty-Fifth Edition , Containing the Remedy for the Prevention of Disease Illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatomical Coloured Engravings on Steel .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_07121850/page/3/
-