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and had occasionall to December 7, 1850....
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Ths Saamixrixxm RegestVpask. —"vTilliam ...
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ESCAPE OF A COXVICT FROM THE PEXTOXYILLE...
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If Sir G. Seymour's opinion that the giv...
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MR. MECHI ON AGRICULTURE. Mr. Mechi deli...
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mm THE FLAX CULTURE MOVEMENT. There is n...
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BE-pRGANISATIOX FOR AN EFFICIENT -^ G J,...
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*%>. THE CENSUS OF 1851. The schedule in...
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DINGER TO JOSEPH HUME, ESQ., M.P., AT SO...
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SOIREE TO MR. W. WILLIAMS, M.P., FOR LAM...
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Intended LiiunAnv " Retreat."—Our reader...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
And Had Occasionall To December 7, 1850....
December 7 , 1850 . m TT -n _^ ¦ _»* . THE _NQRTHJgftN STAR f _^ laiid —¦ = 5 = _s _== rr - _^— -r ~ _n
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Ths Saamixrixxm Regestvpask. —"Vtilliam ...
Ths _Saamixrixxm RegestVpask . —" vTilliam pyson _. 31 _, . Tames Mahon , 31 , and John Mitchell , _ja _, were indicted for a burglary in the dwellingbou se of James Holford , and stealin _? part of a _candelabra , his property . Mitchell and ~ Dvson pleaded _Guiltv- Mr . Ballantine and Mr . _nuddlestone conducted the prosecution . Mr . Woollett and Mr . jletcalfe appeared for the prisoner MahoD . —Mr . _Jallantme having briefl y opened the case , the follo _wing eridenee was adduced : —Mr . J . F . P . ml deposed that he was butler to the prosecutor , who resided at _Uolford-house _. Regent ' _s-park , and who was at present in America . On the ni ght of Sundav _, the _J 3 th October , he went round the house and _*
, aw ihat it was safe , and left it so before he went to hed . Bis bedroom was over the _banqueting-room Aft « he had been m bed a short time , he heard a noise which he could not account for , in the _banquenng-room . It was about two o clock . He got np and listened , and then looked out upon the lawn , and heard a do * harking , and he observed what appeared to he thi shadow of a man upon a tree . He put on ablouse , ?" * _St _^ A ° _^ a ™ iihe groom , and armed hunselfw _< th a double-barrelled pistol , which had a bayonet . He gave a sword and a gun to the other two _servants The footman had the gun . It was loaded with ball
, shot , and _slu-s . Thev then all three went to tho _banquetins-room door The window * of that room reached nearlv to the _G round Upon looking into the b anqueting-room _through a sashed window he saw a li ght , but could not _distinguish the person of any individual . He awoke the two coachmen and they got up , and one of them took the gun from the footman , and the other had a pitchfork . He sent tbe coachman to the south side of the house , and himself went to the north side , accompanied hy the footman and groom , and almost _immediatel y he heard the report of a gun from the south side of the house . He went round , and saw a man runnin » in a direction from tho
banquetmg-room . He followed him , and the man threw himself tinder a bush , and witness immediately aimed at the bush , but the pistol missed fire , and a voice called out from the bush , For God ' s sake don't shoot me . " He fired again and the pistol went off , and he was sure it took effect in the side of the man ' s head , ne then found that the prisoner Dyson had been taken into custod y hy the other servants . He subsequentl y discovered that a portion of a candelabra that wa « j in the banquetingrooni had been broken off , and it was afterwards found in the garden . His forces consisted of fonr persons . They had a gun , a pistol , and a pitchfork , and the groom was armed with a sword . Two of the servants were stout men , stouter than
himself . He fired at the man directl y after he exclaimed , "For God ' s sake don ' t shoot me . " His object was to disable as many of the _thieves as he could . Witness had the charge of the whole of his master ' s property that was in the house . He saw three men upon the grounds during the transaction . —George Dennett , coachman to the prosecutor , deposed that he was called up on the night in question , and he armed himself with a fork ° , and went round to the south side of the house . While he ¦ was standing near the banqueting-room , he saw three men come ont of the bow window . John Ball , another servant , was with him . He had a
gun , and he fired at the men , and witness ran after one of the men , who turned out to be Dvson ; he knocked him down , and he was secured / He saw a crowbar near the window the men had come out from . —John Hall , also a coachman to the prosecutor , proved that he fired the gnn at the men , and heard one of them cry out the moment he did so . He aimed at all three of the men . He got the gnu from Mr . Paul . —Other witnesses having been examined , Mr . Woollett addressed the jury for the defence . —Mr . Baron _^ Martin summed up , and the j ury returned a verdict of Guilty . The prisoners were then sentenced to be transported for life _.
_Fewmotjs Assault . —John Cady , 17 , and Thomas Smith , 17 , who were convicted on Saturday last , the former of assaulting , and the latter of wounding feloniously a lad named Edward Batchelder , _srith intent to do him grievous bodily harm , were _sentenced , the former to be kept to hard labour for six and the latter for twelve months . Coxspikact . — "William Daniel , 30 , and Cornelius Denter , 27 , were indicted for a conspiracy to defraud . —The evidence went to show that tbe defendants had leagued together to plunder any unsuspecting persons who might fall into their clutches , by means of tossing with " capped" or false coin . The mode of operation appeared to be almost the same in every instance . The prisoner Daniel was
in the habit of prowling about the town , and oa his meeting with a person whose appearance seemed to answer his purpose , he entered into conversation , and induced him to accompany him to a publichouse , where they were soon joined by the other prisoner , and by some contrivance or other tossing was introduced , Daniel being always the winner . At length , in the absence of _Defter , the person intended to be plundered was shown a coin with a cap so contrived as to enable the party using it to show either head or tail , as he might choose , and * upon the representation that it was impossible for Mm to lose , the victims were induced to stake monev in one instance , and two watches in others ,
against money posted by the prisoners , and of course "When the arrangement was complete , the prisoners ¦ were sure to be the winners , and the parties were by this means , deprived of their property . Four distinct cases , aU ofthe same description , were clearly established against the prisoners : and , upon their being taken into custody , the " capped " piece , and also a quantity of medals , intended to represent sovereigns , were found in their possession . —The jury found the prisoners Guilty . — -They were then charged npon another indictment with stealing a watch , the property of Clifford Wm . Goull . — The _juty again returned a verdict of Guilty , and the prisoners were s entenced to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for fifteen months .
Cvmsa asd _Wousdisg . — Samuel Richards , a black sailor , was indicted for cutting and wounding Tinley Mackie , on the 21 st of _November , at St . George ' s-in-the-East , with intent to disfigure and injure him . —The jury found him Guilcy 7 and he was sentenced to twelve months" imprisonment . RMBBSEsa _rson _Tbassfobtation . — WiUiam Stevens , 23 , tailor , pleaded Guilty to returning from transportation . —Mr . Piatt said the prisoner bad been transported for seven years , and had received a ticket of leave ; that he came home to visit some one , intending to again leave the country . —The Court ordered him to be imprisoned for six months , and again transported . Csabgeop EMBEZ _2 _LBMEST . ~ William Cheeseman , 22 clerk , was indicted for embezzling six halfcrowns , the monie 3 of Thomas Thorne , his master . —The jury having heard the evidence , acquitted
the prisoner . na Embezzlemest . —Richard Hammett Drake , 28 , clerk , was indicted for embezzling the sums of £ 80 and £ 5 , the property of Messrs . Abraham Wildey Bobarts and others , hi 3 masters . —Mr . Bodkin , in statin * the case to the jury , said the circumstances eutofwhich the charges arose were these - —The prosecutors were Messrs . Robarts , Curtis , and Co ., the well-known banking firm , and the prisoner had heen a clerk in their firm for between eight and nine years , and his employers , knowing the respectability of his family connections , and _having a _hio-h esteem for him , had continued to advance bun until he became cashier of the provincial banking denartment , a separate department in the firm . He
had one assistant nnder him , and his duties were to receive the various sums paid into the baBk for the various banks in the country . The practice was forthe prisoner to take whatever money cr notes were brou ght int makeamemorandum of them , wrap the amount so brought up in a piece of paper , place it in a till , g ive the party bringing it a receipt for the amount , and at a later period of the day make ¦ un and enter the amount received , and send off the customary letters of advices to such _provimual banks as the sums sent in were , credited to and made payable at . In the present instance the two Hums had been paid in to the prisoner on the 18 th and 19 th of October , and bad never been entered or accounted for ; and on the 21 st of _^ October the _nrisonerhad « me away somewhat before his usual
time , alleging that he was unwell , and never made his appearance again at the office , and was finally taken into custody , having been down to tas friends in Devonshire . His reason for leaving in the hurried maimer he had was that the firm bad what was termed an agreement balance every three weeks , which was a general making up of the cash accounts ot the firm , and then , unless falsification bad been resorted to , his delinquency would have heen discovered , and this balance was to have been struck on the day subsequent to his having absconded . — "Witnesses were called whose evidence confirmed the prisoner ' s gnilt , andhe wassentenced to be tran sported for ten years . The following prisoners , upon whom judgment ¦ wa * resulted vrere brought np for sentence- . —
, As _Ikfast Thief . —J- Jackson , ahas Connor , whose aire was stated in the calendar to be nine years , and ¦ who had been convicted of stealing a purse and money from the person of a woman named Smith , Wis sentenced to he transported for seven years _KOBBiso Chjedbex—John Clerk , lb , was then placed at the bar . It will be remembered that this _misoner had carried on a most artful and extensive _iystem of robbery upon poor children who were sent oat with property oi any description . The _prisoner was sentenced to be transported for seven
years . _Falbb _Repbesbsiamoss . —Henry Behben _. _area-Electable young Jew , was indicted for obtaining by 42 se pretences from Mr . Edward Mappin _, a quantft yof cutlery , and from Messrs . Ellarby , of _Hug-Sne-Iaue , some Cashmere _aesrfa , ihawls , and Sher goods , amounting in value to nearly £ 12 . —It _aaneawd thatthe prisoner ' s father , a highly _res-SwUble looking old Jew , is in business at Dover , * _od wat in the habit of dealing with the firms in question . The prisoner hadbeen employed by bim ,
Ths Saamixrixxm Regestvpask. —"Vtilliam ...
and had occasionall y come to London and bought for him , but some short time since had _absconded [ _Kh _^ sTrom % _& _££ _^ PT _* for his father , and on Si _Dlt _^ mi _££ SS ! ' 8 entenced t 0 six mt > - ' J _^ S _*™ T " _ves .-Two men , named Wilson and Rivers , whose names were not entered in the calendar , were indicted for breaking and entering tbe house of Dr . Mayo with intent to steal .-Ihe prosecutor lives in Wimpole-street , Cavendishsquare and on the evening of the 20 th had a dinner party . On that evening the prisoners were observed to go up to the door cf the house . Wilson went in , and _Eivers walked away down the street . Shortly afterwards Wilson came out aud joined Riversand hadecci _^
a police-constable came up and took them . "When Rivers was searched some keys , two of which fitted Dr . Mayo _' s door , were found in his outside pocket . He said to the officer who searched him , "Now you have got all you want ( meaning the keys ); I have nothiug else about me ; " and when before the magistrate , he said he hoped they would be mercifulto him tbat time . —The jury found them both Guilty . —It was then proved that Wilson had been imprisoned for twelve months ; and Rivers had been transported in 1313 , for seven years , and had since then had two years' imprisonment for cuttin _g and wounding a constable with a life-preserver , and had only beeu out about a month preceding this occurrence—The present conviction being only a misdemeanour , they were sentenced to two years' imprisonment .
Tbtixg Street Doobs . —Henry Chalk , a low , ruffianly-looking fellow , wa 3 convicted of a similar offence . —Mr . W . J . Payne stated that the prisoner had been watched by the police to go to nearly all the _repeetable houses in Stamford-street , and whilst pretending to scrape his shoes try the locks of the doors . He was followed into Tennysonstreet , Yoifcroad _, where he let himself into the house cf a lady named Duke , and went upstairs and tried to get into the rooms , but not _succeeding came down and was coming out , when constable 65 L took hira _.-Xot being known , the Court sentenced hia to nine months * _imprisonment .
A few other cases of a wholly unimportant cha racter finished the list , and the Courts were ad journed until Monday , the 10 th of December .
Escape Of A Coxvict From The Pextoxyille...
ESCAPE OF A _COXVICT FROM THE _PEXTOXYILLE ( MODEL ) PRISON . A convict of the name of George Hacket _, whe obtained considerable notoriety amongst the police in the metropolis , and who succeeded in gettin" out ofa cell at the Marlborough-street Police-ourt a short time since , contrived on Sunday evening to escape from the Model Prison under circumstanceE that at present appear most mysterious . The prisoner had been confined in Milbank Prison , where , we understand , he planned an escape . For his better security , however , he was removed to the Model Prison at Pentonville , and after two attempts be succeeded in getting out of tbe gaol under circumstances that have led the authorities to suspect that some ofthe turnkeys had been tampered with . It appears that since his confinement in this gaol
he was placed in one of the usual ceils or dormitories , under the immediate surveillance of the prison officers . We cannot state what opportunities the convict had of ascertaining the construction of the cells , but it was certain that shortly after his incarceration he devised a scheme to release himself . By some unexplained means he managed to obtain possession of part of the blade of a knife , and , with other appliances , he some week or so since contrived to cut through three massive iron bars which secured the window of his cell , and it is presumed that he was on the eve of preparing to escape when his position was detected . He was at once removed to another part of the gaol , which proving to him impregnable , he proceeded to devise otber means of
accomplishing his object . Ai length he selected the chapel as the most favourable place to carry out his design , and no doubt of late , during divine service , had been experimentalising as to his chance of success . The chapel is situated on the top or central portion of the prison , and the interior is so constructed that ths convicts cannot see each other . The seats are on raised galleries , and partitions divide them , the clergyman and the prison officers being the only persons who have the full view of them . On Sunday evening Hacket attended divine service in the chapel , commencing at half-past six concluding at eight . Service being finished , the usual mustering ofthe convicts took place , when it was found that Hacket was missing . Search wa 3
made , and on examining the walls of the prison it was ascertained thai he had escaped , and got clear off . At first it wa 3 a matter of great surprise how he could have got out of the chapel , having been seen to hi 3 seat , and it was only by finding the sheets of his bed , a rope , and his clothing , on the parapet wall , that hi 3 mode of escape was detected . It appears that by some means he managed to wrench off the spring of the door of his cell , which he formed into a jemmy , and contemplating some hazardous task , he concealed about him a large weight and the sheets and rope of his bed , which he never used , wrapped round his body under his clothes . As soon as he was conducted to his seat , he must have slipped down off his seat on to
the flooring , and by the jemmy and weight forced out the boarding . Having got under the gallery he met a serious obstacle in tbe shape of a zinc ventilator , but this , armed with his jemmy , soon gave way , thus enabling him to descend to a small closet beneath . A window , with trifling protection , afforded him access to the parapet wall , some few feet below . Gaming it , he proceeded along one of the main walls , fifty or sixty feet long , communicating with the governor ' s house on tho north side of the prison . Beaching the end , he got on the roof ofthe house , a height of more than six feet from the wall . Having obtained this point , all obstacles were apparently at an end to him . He divested himself of the prison clothing , save his trousers and
blue shirt , and with the jemmy , rope , sheet , ice ., left them on the roof , and by sliding down one of the gable-walls got clear of the gaol . The moment his escape was discovered , the governor despatched officers to the different police stations , with , a full description of his person . The most vigilant search was made for him throughout Monday , but up to the present time not the least tidings had been gained of his whereabouts . It may be mentioned that having heard that the authorities _had'discharged the turnkeys of Marlborough-street Police-court , after his escape from thence , Hacket endeavoured to screen the parties by declaring that they were innocent of aiding his escape : adding , that he got out by shoving the bolt
of the lock back by pieces of a knife and spoon which he had in his possession . This declaration coming to the ear of Sir George Grey , Mr . Cope , the governor , received instructions to interrogate the convict , and he persisting in the statement , and that he would convince Mr . Cope of the practicability of it , Sir Q . Grey sanctioned the experiment , and the lock was taken offthe cell-door from whence he had escaped at Marlborough-street , and placed on a cell-door in _"Jfewgate . He was allowed to have another instrument which he required , and furthermore a reward of £ 10 was offered-him if he succeeded . He tried several minutes , but failed in
opening it , and he at length gave up the task , saying tbat it was not the same lock . This convinced the authorities that he had been telling an untruth , and that their decision in discharging the turnkeys was correct , it beins * shown that the convict and his fellow-prisoner had been let out by a party , who had unlocked the door from the outside , and who represented himself as the turnkey , the convict telling his mate ( at the first examination , in the hearing of another prisoner , ) that it was all right , and that a clear gangway could be managed for them next time for twenty _« _- Californias ir sovereigns ) . ...
Dp to ten o ' clock on Tuesday nig ht the authorities ofthe prison had not learned any tidings of the convict . In the course ofthe day the government inspector of prisons visited the establishment , and instituted an inquiry into the circumstances attending tbe convict ' s flight . The investigation was conducted in private , bnt it appeared tbat the escape was one of the most hazardous description , for a slip in scalinealong the wall "from the chapel to the governor ' s hUse would have terminated in his destruction . In illustration of Hacket ' s character we may be permitted to mention that in the course of Monday night he sent a letter , through the post , addressed to the governor , the contents of whicb , it is said , are to the following effect : — " Monday , Dec 2 1850—George Hacket presents his compli-Penton
ments to the governor of the Model Prison , - ville and begs to apprise him of hia happy escape from the gaol . He was in excellent spirits , and could _assume the governor , that it would be useless for hia men to pursue him , that he was quite safe , " / :. „ * » w davBintended to proceed onthe _con-SnTtoro _' _rSffhSeal th . " _Lcketis described as a _attif built man , about five feet six inches in _hejht large featoes , nose dightly turned up , gS eyei a _scaron his cheek , light ha , _^ pale compleiion , and twenty-two _J ears of _^^ _™ J covering he had was a shirt , a pair of stockings , and _histrowsers . No person answering his description was seen during the night . The dangerous character of Hacket , and tht fearful threats he heW out to the officers what he would do for them when he got his liberty , has in no small degree alarmed them as to their personal safety while ne is at large .
If Sir G. Seymour's Opinion That The Giv...
If Sir G . Seymour ' s opinion that the giving of good dinners is tha soul of diplomacy is correotj " what a glorious ambassador _^ " says tho Preston Chronicle , " would M . Soyer make . His magic stove would beat protocols hollow , and his York soup and Exeter pudding for ev « dim the glories of a Talleyrand or a _Konnanby . "
Mr. Mechi On Agriculture. Mr. Mechi Deli...
MR . MECHI ON AGRICULTURE . Mr . Mechi delivered a lecture at the ordinary sessional meeting ofthe Society of Arts last week . He confessed that he had a very mean opinion of the present state of our general agriculture , and although some advances had been made , wo ought not to forget that formerly , as now , the self- "ratulation of supposed perfection had heen annihilated by the necessity for providing food and employment for a trebled population . There was still in thc United Kingdom a wide and _untiiled field for agricultural labour and investment , as was shown by our statistics of moor , bog , and waste ; and that the reclamation of waste lands mi ght bo pursued with profit wa 3 a matter bevond dispute . Thc first _- _^ ====== _==
and most direct evidence of the low state of farming was the gross acreable produce ofthe United _Kinsdom . The very largest estimate per acre , taking into account the poor grass and arable lands , and leaving out market and other gardens , did not reach £ 4 an acre . A reference to Spackman ' s Occupations of the People , to the agricultural reports of parliamentary committees , and other statistical works , would show that tlie rental of the United Kingdom ( excluding towns ) would certainly not reach 15 s . per acre . Taking , therefore , as a gross return , five rents , it was clear that £ 3 15 s . worth of produce was far too liberal an estimate . What each acre mi ght produce by the application of more drainage , more manure , more labour , and deeper
cultivation , more live stock , and better buildings , might be inferred from facts constantly obtruding themselves . As extreme cases might be instanced , the production of eighty tons of mangold wurzel per acre , sold at £ 1 per ton ; of _larcje productions of vegetables , worth at least from € 100 to £ 150 per aere ; of six to nine quarters of wheat , per acre , worth , at only 40 s . per quarter , from £ 14 to £ 18 . It was quite clear , however , that the mere increase of labour aud production to the extent of only 10 s . per acre would afford us all food and employment , and obviate the necessity of baving recourse to foreign imports . He was not one of those who preferred scarcity and high prices to abundance and cheapness ; and he held it as a principle that a
nation which could supply itself abundantly with food and manufactures , and still have a large surplus of tbe necessaries of life to exchange with other nations for luxuries , was in a happy and prosperous coudition . It was a disgrace to ngricultuie that it produced no superabundance , nay , not even abundance , but left us to the mercy of large foreign importations . This was the secret of the poverty of agriculture , and he ventured to predict that agriculture would never be rich until it produced superabundantly . This could be done , would be done , and must be done ; for the concurrence of increased employment and food with a multip lied population , could alone prevent anarchy and confusion . He might be asked where tho
capital was to come from which was to erect new buildings , steam-engines , and carry out an improved system of drainage for tho purpose of increasing the fertility of these islands ? He replied , from that long list of bankers , merchants , shipowners , manufacturers , traders , and professionals , who had become owners or cultivators of our soil . Theso , not having the agricultural precedents or prejudices of their predecessors , were devoting their powerful energies and energetic common-sense principles to tho amendment of our agriculture and the increase of employment and food . "A painful question is often asked ? " said Mr . Mechi , * What is to become of the poor farmer V I reply , What has become of the poor band-loom weaver—of the four-horse coach
proprietor—of the road-side innkeeper—of the turnpike trusts—of the Gravesend sailing-boats —( hear , hear and laughter , )—of thc old hackney coaches ? ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) These are days of movement and progression . Individual interests are no longer permitted to interfere with the public good . ( Hear , bear . ) Mig hty steam has worked , and will still work , great changes . Plenty and cheapness have superseded scarcity and monopoly . _Agriculture can no longer withstand the common fate . The poor farmer and the poor landlord , or rather those who are in a wrong position , will necessarily make way for more useful members of society . ( Hear . ) The lecturer insisted upon the necessity of attending to the moral and physical
condition of the agricultural labourer ; the expediency of procuring good farm and parish roads , and of pursuing deep cultivation after drainage . Mr . Mechi then entered into ft technical description _ofthis feeding cattle on open boarded floors , illustrating the subject as he went on by means of a small model of a farm lying betore bim . Having done this , he p roceeded to a comparison of the prosperity of an English farm upon which no purchased manure or imported manure was used , with that of the Auchness farm in Scotland , upon which a different system was pursued . In the latter tlie animals were housed , warmed , ventilated , groomed , and their food was cooked , and the utmost made of itchemically and physiologically ; in the former
, was observable the usual mode of turning out , and consequent waste and misapplication of food . Thc publication of my agricultural proceedings ( continued Mr . Mechi , in conclusion , ) has naturally exposed me to public criticism . All sorts of motives , good , bad , and indifferent , have been imputed to me . Of this I do not at all complain . I considered my farm in its orig inal state neither creditable nor profitable . I expended my capital in its improvement . The result of that expenditure wa 9 a decided benefit to my fellow-creatures . ( Hear . ) My agricultural opponents say the money was thrown away , the property not improved , and that I am
losing much money by farming . In order to test the correctness of these opinions I have , under the advice and suggestion of my friends , submitted to a valuation by three eminent surveyors , whose character and capabilities are beyond cavil . 1 am informed ( though I have ; not yet received the official document , } that they have fixed my rent at 36 s . per acre , adding another 7 s . per acre for the use of my machinery , & o . Now , as plenty Of land such as mine was in its unimproved state can be hired for 12 s . per acre , I might say 10 s ., it follows clearly that the fee-simple of my estate is more than trebled in value , leaving out of view altogether the extra expenditure for my own personal convenience . In reply to a question from a member ,
Mr . Mechi said that in one year his farms had been remunerative . In one year the produce of the wheat crop yielded £ 1 , 050 , but in the following year the crop sold for £ 500 less . This was owing to the fluctuation of prices , and to the fact that the second year was not a wheat season . The thanks ofthe Society , were then moved by Mr . B . H . Solly , seconded by Captain Ibbetson , and accorded unanimously to Mr . Mechi for his interesting communication ; after which the meeting separated .
Mm The Flax Culture Movement. There Is N...
mm THE FLAX CULTURE MOVEMENT . There is now an active movement for the extension of the cultivation of flax in Great Britain and Ireland , based on sound principles and full of promise . The view taken of the question , as it stands , is this . In addition to the quantity of flax grown at home , our linen manufactures require an annual supply of the raw material from abroad amounting in value to £ 8 , 000 , 000 ; there is an annual importation of linseed to tbe amonntof £ 1 , 000 , 000 , and of oil cake £ 600 , 000 : making a total importation of the produce of flax cultivated in foreign lands exceeding nine millions and a half sterling . There are large tracts of land in this kingdom well adapted for the growth of flax ; its cultivation and
preparation wonld afford- employment to a large number of the population ; it bids fair to make a profitable return to the cultivator , and its extended cultivation would increase the certainty of supply of raw material-for an important branch of _manufactures . All these considerations givo impulse to the _mov ement . The per-contra side of the question _shoes ' thi * the successful cultivation of flax , owing to its exhaustion of the soil , and its subsequent preparation , require peculiar management and skilled labour different from that ot ordinary agricultural operations . These obstacles to the general introduction of the culture would , however , only arise at the outset . The successful results which have attended Mr . Warnes ' s exertion in the
northeastern part of Norfolk should remove the doubts that have been entertained ef its practicability , and English farmers might be guided by bis experience . It is an important consideration also , that the labour required for the preparation of the fibre would afford employment to numbers who . are now supported in idleness in tho workhouse . It is stated , in a recent publication by Mr . _Warnes , tbat one acre out of every hundred under cultivation , if sown with flax , would give employment to double the number of the redundant population , and yet not supply half tbe demand . The view thus presented is limited to the existing state of the linen manufacture ; but an extensive future prospect has been opened , the length and breadth of which are too vast even for the powers of speculative vision to determine . Some new processes for the preparation of flax have been recently
invented , which , if they realise half the . advantages predicted , will give an immense stimulus to the manufacture of linens . The Morning Chronicle , which takes the lead in the flax-culture movement , and which seems te be in the confidence ofthe inventor , announces that by the new modes of preparation much of tbe labour and time now required to dress the flax is saved ; that the fibre is improved in beauty and strength , * and that it may be spun by the ordinary mechanism of the cotton-mill . By another improvement the quality of the fibre may be so altered as either to diminish tbe heat-conducting property of linen fabrics and . produce the warmth of cotton goods / or to impart the glossy appearance of silk . The cost of the raw material is stated to be not more than half the cost of cotton wools and if the process of preparing the fibre can be ohe a p ened , and ita facility of manufacture be increased W as to g ive linen the advantage over cotton em price , a great change would ensue »
Mm The Flax Culture Movement. There Is N...
, « , l . t ° " ° lndustl 7 at borne , and many thou-, - _nfJ ; _« _Mallow lying waste would be brought nto profitable cultivation . Apprehensions of lim ted supplies from the United States would cease to msturo ; the cotton plant of India would be disregarded ; and the slender stalks of the linum usimmmm mmg over tho broad lands of Great uritam and Ireland would supplant the " bloodstained cotton" that so shocks tho sensitive For-] ilTl ( 1 , This sketch of the future of flax-ou ! turo and
improvement may be tinged with roseate htu ; s , and may prove as airy as the creations of a Turner ' s pencil , but there is enough of substance in the present prospect to found a reasonable expectation of important results from the extended cultivation of the plant . Among the means of practical appliance may be noted the formation of a company for the growth of flax on a large scalo in Ireland , which nas so tar received the approbation of government tnat tnc conditional promise of a charter of ineorporation has been given to the promoters . —Spectator , - *
Be-Prganisatiox For An Efficient -^ G J,...
_BE-pRGANISATIOX FOR AN EFFICIENT - _^ _J , _°£ Y BILL * WIT 11 T [ IE _RKSTRICTIOK ON THE MOVING POWER . A few earnest men , most of them _workei-s in mills , alter meeting together to consider the _csbtine ; condition and future prospects ofthe rna _* nuVtui _* _ii _£ popu ation of England , especially in reference to thc probable consequences of recent alterations in the lactones' Regulation Acts , have unanimously agreed to submit to tho calm and deliberate judo _, ment or their friends and fellow-countrymen the substance of their united deliberations . Moat heartily do they hope that others mav sea eve to eye with them It . a matter so seriously alfectin _? the personal and domestic interests ol all , whoso lot it is to earn their daily bread in works whore the steam engine compels tlio human agent to keep time and speed with the inanimate _machiim .
It is needless hero to recapitulate the manifold evils , economical and moral , which bave " resulted from tlie indiscriminate and unrestricted employment of men , women , and children in woollen , cotton , silk , and other f actories . Tlie _struggh-s of two _succeeding generations of mill workers to secure for themselves and their families the protection of the law , prove , more convincingly thon any mere words could do , how intolerable they feel the burden of their state to be , and how resolute of purpose they are to persist until they finally obtain tlie _ro-isonable object oftheir moderate desires . Thev mu _.-t ,
indeed , cease to be men , before they can relinquish an enterprise upon which depends the only true worth of life itself , and the well-being of ' those , whose happiness , in thc estimation of every true-minded man , ought to outweigh all else that ' this world has to offer . Alas ! bow much has Ihe factory system done already to blunt the feelings , break up the homes , corrupt the morals , and degrade the character of the once domestic , peaceable , and contented Englishman . We are not what our fathers were , nor are our children likely to be bettor than we have been , if the present course of things be permitted to go on unchecked and unrefonncd .
In certain respects , and to some extent , an improvement in the condition of the people has taken place since the attention ofthe legislature was first directed to the injurious tendency of factory labour . But in other boints of view , hereafter to lie stated and discussed , their conditiou is more abject , move pitiable , and more perillous , than at any former period ; and the repeal of the Ten Uoui _* 3 Act in the last session of parliament is alnrminely indicative of the injustice about to be sustained bv the labourer , whom it is evidently tbo desig n of tlie capitalist wholly to deprive ofthe shelterand defence of the law , in-order that eventually nothing may intervene between the insatiable thirst' of gain and greed on the one hand , and the prostrate impotence of poverty on thc other . This terrible consummation of the doctrines ofthe philosophy of selfishness is visiblv approaching . Is it impossible to escape
or avert it ? We would fain believe there is yet a way whereby the threatened evil may be stayed , and a more rational , moro humane , and more beneficial system _established in the stead of that , which for many years has desolated thc fair face of our formerly thriving and merry fatherland . We , therefore , propose to ourselves and to others to postpone thc consideration of all other questions until the great _question of Capital and Labour , or move properly the quostion ofthe right of the workman to thc means of life , be more thoroughly understood . It will henceforward be our endeavour to concentrate the thought and action of labourers of every class upon this one all-important point , being thoroughly persuaded that , unless some united and simultaneous effort be made to turn aside the im pending danger , it will soon be too late to grapple with the giant enemy . In the meantime , and as reeards _ourselves , wc propose : —
To ro-open and re-discuss the Factory Question , as well in detail as in its . general principle . We are of opinion thfit the causo of the factory labourer has been ' materially injured by the concealment of _various modes of fraud , oppression , and cruelty , in general practice , by means of which the condition of the mill-worker has become almost insupportable . We shall urge both upon masters and men the disgrace and scandal of such a state of things , and whore acts of tyranny continue to be committed we shall appeal for justice in the higher courts of law . Whilst thus attempting in our several towns , through the agency of local committees , to awaken and foster a kind and manly tone oi sentiment and behaviour , and to draw attention to every prevalent abuse , we shall , above all besides , invoke the old spirit of resolute , determined , nnd invincible resistance to the further encroachments of wealth and
might upon poverty and weakness , and once more unfurl tlie flag whereon our fathers wrote the glowing words— ¦* God and our rights . We demand A' Ten Hours' Bill for all ; and to ' render such a measure operative and efficient , ono of its clauses must provide for the uniform restriction of the steam engine or other motive power . A plain , practical act of parliament may easily be drawn so that all masters may be alike restrained , and all labourers alike protected and benefitted by its provisions . Future papers will unfold the details of our plan more fully ; this , however , will suggest with sufficient explicitness what we really intend . Brothers , friends , and nei _^ _hboui' 3 , think over what wc have said , and if you teel as we do , set in along with us , and let us all work together . Up and at it , one and all , with warm heart and ready hand , and trust to the God of truth to bring what we seek to pass . Bight will forward . Then let us on , believing we shall win the day .
Having read ' what is here written , and weighed it well over , pass our littie paper on , that it may run round amongst your workmates and acquaintance . You will hear more from us by and by , for we are earnest men , and mean to do what we can . A copy of this tract will be sent to influential persons in every manufacturing town . All who wish to know more of us and ofthe object we have in view , are requested to app ly personally or by letter to either ofthe undersigned . On behalf of the General Committee , Joseph Wardlow , Davie 3-street , Dukinficld , President . John Avison , Brierley-strect _, Stalybridge , ( Secretary .
*%>. The Census Of 1851. The Schedule In...
* _% > . THE CENSUS OF 1851 . The schedule intended to be left at every house in Great Britain ; to be filled in on the 31 st of March next , has been completed and approved by the Secretary of State . The following are tbe general instructions : —• " This schedule is to be filled up by the occcupier or person in char | e of the house ; if the houso is let or sublet to different persons or families , in stories or apartments , the occupier or person in charge of each such story or apartment must make a separate return for his portion ofthe house upon a separate householder ' s schedule . "
The instructions for filling up the column headed " Bank , profession , or occupation , " are as follows * . —The superior titles of peers and other persons of rank to be inserted , as well as any high ofiice which they may hold .. Magistrates , aldermen , and other important public officers to state their profession after their official title . — -Army , Navy , and Civil Service . —Add after the rank "Army , " "Artillery , " " Royal Kavy , " "Marines , " " East India Company ' s Service , " as the case may bedistinguishing tbose on half-pay . Persons in the civil service to state tho department to which they are attached alter their title or rank ; those on tbe superannuation list to be so distinguished . Chelsea , Greenwich , and other pensioners , to bo clearly
designated , —Clergymen of the Church of England to return themselves as " Rector of , " * ' Vicar of , ' * •« Curate of — - — -, " & c , or as not having cure of souls . , They are requested not to employ the indefinite term " clerk . " Presbyterian nvbisteis and Roman Catholio priests to return themselves as such , and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate . Dissenting ministers to return themselves as "Independent Minister of Chapel , " " Baptist Minister of Chapel , " die . Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary _occupations . —Legal Profession . —Barristers to state whether or not in
actual practice ; officers of any court , Ac ., to state the description of office and name of court . The designation " attorney" or " solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are aotually upon the roll . Persons in solicitors' offioes should distinguish whether " solicitor's managing , articled , writing , or general clerk . "—Members of the medical profession to state the university , college , or hall , of whieh they are graduates , fellows or _licentiates-also whether they practice as physician , surgeon , or general practitioner , or are «• not practising . /—Professors , teaohero , publio writers , authors , and scientific men , to state the particular branch of science or _literatoro fhiob
*%>. The Census Of 1851. The Schedule In...
they teach or pursue ; artists , the art whicfh thoy cultivate . Graduates should enter their _degrees in thia column . —Persons engaged in commerce , _iv . _s merchants , brokers , agents , clerks , _commercinl travellers , to state the particular kind of business in which they aro engaged , or the staple in which they deal . —Tho term farmer to be applied only to the occupier of land , who is to be returned— " Farmer of [ 317 ] acres , employing [ 12 ] labourers ; " the number of acres , and of in and out-door labourers , on March 31 st , being in all eases inserted . Sons or daughters of farmers employed at home or on the farm , mny be returned—* ' Farmer ' s son " " Farmer ' s daughter . "—In trades the master is to be distinguished from tho journeyman and apprentice ,
thus— " ( Carpenter—master employing [ C ] men ;" inserting always tho number of persons of the trade in his employ on March 31 st . —In the caso of workers in mines or manufactures , and generally in the constructive arts the particular branch of work , and the material are always to be distinctly expressed if they are not implied in the names , as in coal miner , brass founder , wool carder , silk throwster . Where the trade is much subdivided , both trade and branch are tobe returned , thu 3— ' Watchmaker — finisher ; " " Printer — compositor . " — A person following more than one distinct trade may insert his occupation in the order of their importance . —Messengers , porters , labourers , and servants to be described according to the place and nature of their employment . —Persons following no profession , trade , or calling , and holding no public office , but deriving their incomes chiefly from land , houses , mines , or other real property , from dividends , interest of money , annuities , Ac , may
designate themselves " Landed Proprietor , " " Proprietor of Iron Mines , ' "Proprietor of Houses , " " Fundholder , " " Aunuitant , " & c , as the case may be . Persons of advanced age who havo retired from business , to bo entered thus— " Itctircd Silli Merchant , " " Retired Watchmaker , " Ac—Almspeople and persons in the receipt of parish relief should , after being described as such , have their previous occupations inserted . Women and children . —The titles or occupations of ladies who aro householders , to be entered according to tlie above instructions . The occupations of women who are regularly employed from home , or at-home , in any but domestic duties to be distinctly recorded . So also of children and young persons . Against the names of children above five years of age , if daily attending school or receiving regular tuition under a master or governess at home , write "Scholar , " and in the latter case " Afc home . "
Dinger To Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P., At So...
_DINGER TO JOSEPH HUME , ESQ ., M . P ., AT SOUTHAMPTON . A most gratifying demonstration , in honour of this veteran reformer , took placo here on Monday evening . Advantage was taken of Mr . Hume ' s temporary visit to the town ( to witness the departure of _hfs son by tho West India mail steamer ) to invite him to a public dinner , whichthe old English patriot accepted , and tho banquet took place at the Victoria Rooms . Although the arrangement had been only a few days in progress , 400 persons were present , including men of all classes—from the borough magistrate down to the humblest working
man . The respected mayor of the borough , R . Andrews , Esq ., filled the chair . Mr . Sheriff Payne , Mr . Aldevman _Laishley , and several other members ofthe Town Council were present . The toast of Mr . Hume ' s health was drunk with every manifestation of honour and delig ht—the ladies in their gallery waving their hannkerchiefs as those ofthe sterner sex ( all standing ) shook the building with their loud cheers . Mr . Humb in responding said , that ib might probably be new to many present if he stated that he wa 3 the first man in the House of Commons who
declared himself a Radical Reformer _^—( applause)—and at a time , too , when a Radical Reformer was thought little better than a wild beast . ( Laughter and cheers . ) But he made up his mind . He saw fearful abuses existing in our institutions ; he saw the necessity for reform of those abuses—that there must be no mere patchwork- no mending bit by bit—but that they must remove as speedily as possible those abuses and that injustice from which tbe nation was suffering . No country in the world was richer than England . Her inhabitants were a finer race of men than any other eountry could boast of . For skill and persevering plodding industry , none could rank with Englishmen . Such were his observations forty years ago . The question , then , avose in his mind , why there should be so much
misery in a eountry which possessed materials amply calculated to make her peoplo prosperous and happy ? He believed one great reason to bo the abuses in our constitution—political evils—that , instead of ruling for the benefit of the many , those in authority too much consulted the mere interests ofthe few . In the abuses in the Ilouse of Commons was the foundation of much , if not all , the evils from which they suffered . In his early days he attached himself to the Whigs , because they appeared to be greater friends of liberty than the Tories , and he had generally been a follower of that party . He had in those days witnessed certain members of the present government 'toast tho people , whose power , he regretted to see , they now appeared to dread . They abused the people who
had brought them into power . Every Englishman had a right ( o a voice in sending members to Parliament : but was it so ? Out of a population of twenty millions , there were only some 950 , 000 electors on the register ; and , after deducting double and treble qualifications , he believed the actual number of individual electors would not exceed 800 , 000 . Referring back to the commencement of his career in 1811 , he repeated that he found tho root of all these evils to bo inthe House of Commons ; and to tho work of reform , and a change for the better , he had devoted his lifo . ( Loud cheers . ) No country in the world had more reason to be proud of her institutions than England , if they were only properly carried out , Ko man was more anxious than he was to see the abuses which had
creptinto them removed—none more anxious to preservethe good aiid destroy the bad . ( " Hear , " and cheers . ) And therefore he had , in the two last sessions of Parliament , introduced a measure to give the people a registered suffrape , the ballot , the abolition of the property qualifications for members of Parliament , equal electoral districts , and triennial Parliaments . ( On each of which several points Mr . Hume dilated at some length . ) He bad great confidence in the future , and although he did not expect to live to seo them all carried out , he believed the day was not far distant which would witness the advent of many great and wise changes . After a few compilmentary references with respect to the conduct of the Mayor of Southampton , who , Mr . Hume said , had always proved himself a true friend of the working classes , Mr . Hume proposed the " Health of the Mayor and Corporation of Southampton , " and sat down _amidst enthusiastic cheering .
The toast was drunk with much applause , and briefly responded to by the Mayor . " The Magistrates ofthe Borough" was acknowledged by G . Laiahley , Esq ., who paid a high tribute of admiration to the conduct and character of Mr . Hume as a consistent and unflinching reformer . " " The Members ofthe Borough " and other toasts were drunk , * and , amongst others , " A free and unfettered Press . "
Soiree To Mr. W. Williams, M.P., For Lam...
SOIREE TO MR . W . WILLIAMS , M . P ., FOR LAMBETH . On Wednesday evening a soiree was given by the electors of Lambeth to their _represestative , Mr . Williams , at the Horns' Tavern , Kennington . The hon . gentleman , on entering the room in company with Mr . Hume , M . P _., and Mr . H . Vincent , was most cordially received by the assembly . The chair was taken by Mr . C . Jones , The example set at several meetings of auxiliary reform associations in providing musical pieces was followed on this occasion , the first being the " The People ' s Anthem . "
The Chairman said , Mr . Williams' past cour s e was known to most persons present , and his future course would no doubt correspond witb it . Could a better man have been found he would bave been presented to the electors : it was because tbe committee believed that to be impossible tbat they bad recommended him for acceptance . ( Cheers . ) Mr . John M'Lboo then proposed the following sentiment : — " William Williams , Esq . May he long live a consistent and able advocate of all useful reforms , and thereby commend himself to the continued approval and support of the electors of the borough of Lambeth . " Mr , W . Williams , on rising , was received with
loud . cheers . He said , at the period of the election he made many promises , but never should it be said that the committee had introduced a man who had violated his word . He might fail in talent , but they should have no fault to find with his acts . ( Cheers . _^ One of his promises was tha t , he would come before them at the end of every session , and tbat if they disapproved of his conduct , he would resign his seat' So short a time elapsed last session , that it was scarcely necessary for him to appear at the close ; but he had the pleasure of opposing _tfee Coercion Bill , and even of raising his voice against it , and tbui inducing some one to say that the new member for Lambeth had made bis
maiden speech . ( Laughter . ) During the progress of the election there were but two points raised , namely , financial reform and the best means of securing it ; secondly , the giving the people a share in tke representation . He had joined witb Mr . Hume in a great many divisions , and on no occasion had they been disunited . They were told that next session the _Chuacellor of the Exchequer
Soiree To Mr. W. Williams, M.P., For Lam...
would have a _surplus ot about £ 3 , 500 , 000 . He would teil them wb _;& use ought , in his opinion , to he made out of this _surplus . ( Hear , hear . ) The _nif'st objectionable of aft taxes waa the window tax —a fax on the choicest _^ _ifts of . heaven , light and air , without wliich _neither animal nor vegetable life could ' exist for a single i ' istant . He would use his utmost efforts to _siveep away from the statute book that impost ; It amounted to about .- £ 1 . 800 , 000 . The soap tax affected the cleanliness find health of the masses of the peopic ; it amountcd to _£ 1 , 000 , 000 , and he would urge its abolition , ( Cheers . ) The next tax which ' he proposed to
abolish was the tax on paper , amounting to ahout £ 800 , 000 . With that he would unite the taxes on newspapers . ( _Cheer-3 . ) Would any one suppose " that the duly levied upon newspapers and advertisements—a duty which impeded the diffusion of knowledge amongst every cl ass of the communityonly amounted to £ 350 , 000 ? ( H-3 ar , hear . ) The abolition of those four taxes would just about _absorb the expected surplus . But , further , the wholesystem of taxation required to be arrang ed through out . ( Hear , hear . ) There was not a single tax , except perhaps the income tax , that was not unjust to the great body of tho people . It was a remarkable fact that a reduction of taxation was
" " _•( _"iierally followed by only a very small diminution in the amount collected . The _falling nff consf quent upon the reductions made since 1 S 15 had _seldom amounted to more than a third . Immediately hefore the great reductions which took place in 1846 , the taxes were £ 2 , 600 , 000 ppr annum loss than in ihe last year . ( Hear , hear . ) The abolition of the bread tax would , perhaps , explain that anomaly . He _repflated , however , that they stood in need o a revision of the entire system of taxation . Why should the inheritance of the duke be exempted
from the probate and legacy duty , while tbe poor man who inherited more than £ 20 had to pay ten per cent ? ( Hear , hear . ) Were that tax made applicable to land , the duty on tea might be reduced at least one-half . He mi g ht mention ( he rualt tax as another public burden which required speedy re „ duction or abolition . Neither these alterations however , nor others which were loudly demanded , could be obtained without a change in the representation , and to that object their efforts should all be directed . Again he thanked them for tbe honour they had done him .
Mr . J . H . Slack proposed the " next sentiment , which was an aspiration of the success of Parliamentary and Financial Reform . They all liked Financial Reform , and therefore they should support all those movements by which it might be attained . The true base of Financial was Parliamentary Reform ; without that , if taxes were removed by-Whigs or Tories they might be put on again ; bnt once let Parliamentary Reform be secured , and such a result would be impossible . Mr . Hume , on rising , was received with great cheering . If a public man desired reward , he said , such a reception was an ample one . He had come there to thank the electors of Lambeth for having
preferred the best man , and enabled him to take part in promoting the object to which his ( Mr . Hume ' s ) life had heen devoted . ( Cheers . ) He was often spoken of as a veteran reformer . Would that he could throw his glance fifty years forward : for he had seen so much improvement in the last fifty years that he could see no limit to the advantages which , if men were true to _themselves , might be realised within half a century . ( Hear , and cheers . ) There was no country in the world SO famous for its wealth as England ; none which bad more skilful workmen ; a greater number of patriots or better women to assist in efforts at amelioration . Why was there so much wretchedness where there were sucb capabilities for affording happiness and contentment ? The labouring people of England
were more indefatigable , more continuous in _la'iour , than those of any other country in the world . Why , then , sbould they be unable to enjoy tbe fruits of their labour ? That the land of Eng l and was worth more tban tbat of Poland was owing solely to the fact tbat greater industry was employed upon it . ( Hear , hear . ) Why , then , should those who were so useful and so patriotic be in a worse condition than the labouring population of almost any other country > These were questions which had for forty years pressed strongly upon his mind . Mr . Hume then glanced at his political life , paid a tribute of respect to the memory of Sir Robert Peel , whose merits , he said , were much undervalued , and concluded by calling on the people to be their own . regenerators .
The next sentiment , which had reference to the advancement of reform , was spoken to by Mr . Doulton . Mr . H . Vincent proposed The spread of civil and religious freedom throughout tbe world . '' By reli gious freedom he meant the freedom of every man to Worship God according to the dictates of bis own conscience . The Church of England people wanted to know what was to become of them- a few dissenters thought there was danger ; aud a statesman , who ought to be the guardian of all the public liberties—( cheers )—a statesman whose chief glory consisted in having fought tbe battle of religious freedom , bad now tarnished his character .
( ' No , no . " ) Those who cried " No , no , " were he presumed , firm believers in the ri g ht of private judgment—( hear)—and every man who rudely cried " No , no" when another spoke had a Pope ia hia heart . He maintained that it was unstatesmanlike for any man to use the powers which he possessed as a statesman to brand with scorn the faith of any . It was contrary to the spirit of the constitution . It was said that the Pope claimed infallibility . Had the Church of England never claimed infallibility—never refused to bury the dead ? ( Hear , hear . ) Truth never sought royal protection , or sheltered itself under a Prime Minister ' s letter ; she
asserted her supremacy openly , and in spite of all opposition . If laws had been violated let them be put in force , but he warned them , lest in the excitement of the moment tbey sbould give encouragement to coercive measures , which , if they struck the Romish cathedral on tbe left , might also strike the Dissenting chapel on the ri g ht . ( Hear , hear . ) Legislation on religious matters was the bane of the State , and he regretted that men whom he respected should stand beside the vicar of their parish and say tbat which might be pleaded in parliament in favour of the most arbitrary measures . Anything like a retrogade course would be fatal to the cause of civil and religious freedom . ( Hear . ) Tbe company did not disperse till a late hour in the evening .
Intended Liiunanv " Retreat."—Our Reader...
Intended _LiiunAnv " Retreat . "—Our readera know how often we have pointed out the pressing urgency which exists for the establishment of some form of provision for the literary man , established on more intelligible principles and clearer responsibilities than the literary fund , —and available to the unfortunate of that class who are strangely excluded from the benefits of the fund in question by the present interpretation of its statutes . Some suoh institution on a broad scale , which might bepartly self-supporting and partly endowed , would probably develope itself out of any good begin * ning earnestly made : and wo bave , therefore , heard with great satisfaction of a munificent ofiec made by Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer at the close
of some dramatic entertainments which he has been giving at Knebworth , —the performers consisting of the company of amateurs who usually play under the managerial directions of Mr . Dickins . Sir Edward proposes to write a play , to be acted by that company at various places in the United Kingdom : —the proceeds to form the germ of a fund for a certain number of houses to be further / endowed for literary men and artists , —and tha play itself , if we understand rightly , to be after * wards disposed of for the added benefit of the fund ; Sir Edward will likewise give in fee ground on hia
estate in Herts for the erection of such asylum , * rest , retreat , or whatever else it may be determined to call the residence in question . The actors—to whom a conspicuous share in this good work will bo due—hope , we understand , to take the field in tha spring off next year . Here is the first step which we bave so long desired to see taken ; and as ono quality of . liberality is its infectiousness , and ona move suggests another , we will hope that out of this beginning will grow a shelter for the failing literary mind proportioned to the wants of the class and to its more than common claims on society . — _Athenaeum .
A Gallant Deed . — The "Welcome , of Newry , Martin , master , laden with coals for Mr . James M'Makon , of this town , which went ashore in the Bay of Dundrum , during the severe gale on the 30 th ult ., has been got off and brought round to this port without bavins sustained muoh damage . She had spent her saili and » Prun _«* . _^ ' a 3 _^ when aha struok the crew were so much exhausted by continual pumping , that they _mja _^ Ma 1 » launch their boats . In * his extr mi _fc _™ and _^ named John Mawney , swam bis horse and cart through a tremendous surf to the vessel and res . cued the crew , consisting of the master a nd _iouif seamen , from their perilous position , thenoble horse _« SS back to the shore with hU burden in . safety . -Newry Telegraph . m ....., ' - There are unwritten and immutable principles og rig ht and wrong , lav mote _mred than the laws of
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 7, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_07121850/page/7/
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