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return ' Take the case of AlexandbB Cle*...
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Nottingham.—J. Sweet acknowledges the re...
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION. All letter...
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THE NORTHERN STAR HAVKItDAV. MAKCtt 9, 1850,.
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THE NATIONAL LAND PLAN. The working peop...
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I THE WOLYES AND THE SHEEP. i Nothing ap...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Return ' Take The Case Of Alexandbb Cle*...
a " ' ¦¦ _- " . : _vg-M _?^ _^ Mamk _q , 1850 _^ ¦ _* * . __^_____^_^___ _J __ _- . _____^_^_^_^^^ _mm _^ _bm--------M _****************^^ _——————r—r-, ,- ,, ¦ - " " *** - *•* - •¦¦¦""¦"""" » " . " 2 """""""""* ¦ I "" ¦ ' - _~—~ _ZZ _^ _ZZZ _^ ¦ ... _ . , __ . _ ¦ _ _r . ; , _^ , _; , _^ _,, _^^ _„ , „ , „„ _.. _" _Apimnna-rTfi _! ¦ _STTHE MARCH NUMBER OF THE ' 'DEMOCRATIC
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BOOKS PUBLISHED AND SOLD _, by J WATSON , 3 , Queen s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . Just published , 2 nd Edition for the Million ; in _jfimo 313 * aees . closely printed , price 2 s ., bound fadoth ! _America compared _^ with _eng-TjjZD The respective social effects of the American and Eng lish systems of Government and _Xe-nslation , and the Mission of Democracy . By R . _"WTmassssOm , of Cincinati , "United States , councillor law .. This work explains tbe Institutions and the Laws if the United States—shows the actual condition of § 31 classes of the people , whether natives or cmig-rants , and contains an Abstract and Review ofthe p rincipal English works on that country . This is an admirable book . —Weekly Dispatch . It contains elaborate matter of practical value . —Spirit _qtkeAge . This is an admirably written and excellently well-timed fcook . —The Standard of Freedom .
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N A T I ON 4 : t BENEFIT S O C I ET Y , Enrolled , pursuant tostatut . Sth . and lOthTictori _., c . 27 . ... THE ABOVE SOCIETY , as amended » nd legalised , _was formerly _knoTO-M flw _KATIOI _^ T _PO OPERATirB BENEFIT SOCIETY ; the managers of which hart long seen the _ntceisity of !«™ , i " V _.-r ¦ ,, _T -v V-I . _™™ i , »™ _^ Lframins the . new _rules _. care . has been taken t _» equalise tlie expenlegal protection for the secanty of its members . i ** - ** J * ' > . _^ - „ _it _ - ahniild bo _hivond all rlniihts labourers , from eighteen years of age to forty . IHE FOLLOWING IS THB _SCALE OF-MSS TO B _= rAID AT . _^ T OUT _AILOWANC ** « c «« 8 s . _^ 4 « . lstaeetion _^ indseelion . Sid section . ' . ' "first _Seition ., ., _., 15 " 0 * : Age . lstaection . _^ nu _^ uon . _& fl Second Section .. .. _- ., W 0 Froml 8 to 24 .... 3 0 .... 2 * 0 .... J J Third Section .. . . .... „ . . _*¦ ., _« , 94 27 R ft .... 4 0 ¦ * " " — 27—39 . " . " . " . " 9 0 .... 6 0 3 ° _membem death . wTfe ' s ' death . io _ 13 " 12 0 8 0 .... 4 0 £ _s , d . £ 9 . d . - 33 _ 36 _V . _V . lo 0 .... ' 10 0 . _» 0 First Section .... 15 0 0 ...... 7 10 0 SB as 18 0 .... 12 0 < " < " Second Section .. 10 0 0 ...... 5 0 0 Z 38-40 :::. _* 31 O .... ¦« _«* ..... 7 0 | ThirdSection .... & o 0 , „„ _. 3 9 „ HOSTI 1 LT CONTRIBUTIONS . First Section , Ss . Sd . Secoid Section , 2 s . id . Third Section , Is . 2 d . - The Society meets every Monday evening , at th » Two Chairmen , Wardour-sireet , Soho , Middlesex , ' where every information can do had , and members enrolled . Country friends , applying for rules , can hare them forwarded , by enclosing four postage-stamps . Members of the late Co-operative Benefit Somtj , who hare paid all dues , and demands up to the 25 th December , 1849 , can at once be transferred to either section ef tha National Benefit Society , without any extra charge Agents and sub-secretaries of tlie late National Co-operative Benefit Society , are requested to immediately inform the General Secretary of tlie number of members likely to transfer to the National Benefit Society ; and parties wishing to become agents , or toform brauches ofthe new society , can be supplied with every information , on application to the Secretary , by enclosing a postage-stamp for an answer . James Gbassb ** , General Secretary , 96 , Regent-street , Lambeth .
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O'CONNORVILLE . A RAEE OPPORTUNITY FOB THOSE XX vrho _Iiaro tlie inclination and tlie means of _hayine a first-rate P 0 UB-A 0 RE HL 0 TMKNT . This ls no _vthi boast , the present holder having spared no money , perseverance , or industry , both in making convenience to the house , beautifying and improving the ground . Indeed , it only wants to be seen to be appreciated , aa it is admired by every body who see it , and it far outvies any other allotment on the Company's estate . The present proprietor , nho has been on it tliree years , is compelled , through unforeseen circumstances , very reluctantly to resign it . The ground is cropped , as far as the season will permit , and there is 500 trees of every description of fruit , and the price , £ 60 , clear . Inquire of J . Tf . Gambell , O'Connorville , near _Rickmansworth , Herts . , ; _- "> .
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HEALCH WHERE 'TIS SOUGHT ! HO LLO WAY'S PILLS . Cure of a Disordered Liver and Stomach , _tuhen in a most hopeless state . Extract of a Letter from Mr . Matthew Harvey , of Chapel Hal ! , Airdrie , Scotland , dated the 15 th of Jannary , 1850 . Sib , —Your valuable pills have been the means , with God ' s blessing of restoring me to a state of perfect health , and at a time when I thought I was on the brink of the grave . _IJiad consulted several eminent doctors , who , after doing what they could for me stated that they considered my case as hopeless . I ought to say that I had been _sufferingtrom a _^ iiver and stomach complaint of longstanding , ivhich during the last two years got so much worse , that every one considered my condition as hopeless . I as a last resource got a box of your pills , which soon gave relief , and by persevering in tlieir use for some weeks , together with rubbing night and morning your Ointment over my chest and stomach , and right side , I have by their means alone got completely cured , and to the astonishment of myself and every body who knows me . —( Signed ) Matthew Haevi _*** . —To Professor Holloway . Cure of a Case of Weakness and Debility , of Four Fears' Standmg .
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Read tiiis , and judge for yonrselvvs . GOOD HEALTH , GOOD SPIRITS , AND L 0 XG LIFE , SECURED BY THAT HIGHLY ESTEEMED POPULAR-REMEDY , PARR'S LIFE PILLS THOMAS PARR . THOMAS PARK .
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THE CHEAPEST _. EBIT _10 N EVER PUBLISHED . Price Is . 6 d ., ' A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of tha Author , of PAINE'S POLITICAL WORKS .
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Now Ready , a New Edition of Mr . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS
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Sold by J . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster row , London ; A . Heywood , Oldham-street , Manchester , and Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . . And b \ all Booksellers in Town and _Couitry . .
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HISTORIC PAGES FEOM THE REVOLUTION OF 1818 , ¦ _: •' - ¦ - ' . . ByM . LOUIS BLANC . And published under the special sanction of the author _. The publication ofthe English translation of this important work is . unavoidably delayed until next week . "No . I , price one ppnhy , will be ready on Tuesday-next , the 12 th inst ., and will be regularly continued every week until completed , in about 24 numbers . This work corrects tlie falsehoods and misrepresentations of Lamartine ' s History , just published in English by Bohn , and should be in tlio hands « f every Democratic nnd Social Reformer . Other standard works of the same class . will speedily follow . Where may also be had , THE . CATECHISM OF SOCIALISM . Price One Penny . By Lows _Bianc This is the best and cheapest exposition of tho Organisation of Labour Question ever published .
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LAND AND COTTAGES . ( The property of a private gentleman . ) TO BE LET , with immediate possession , two miles from O'Connorville , ten acres of capital land , at £ 2 per acre per annum , for three years certain , and £ 1 per acre per annum , for ever afterwards . Also , two fow-robmed cottages adjoining , with ten thousand square feet of garden ground each , at 3 s . per week each , which may be so divided as to accommodate four families at Is . Gd . per week each , allowing for that sum two little rooms on five thousand square feet of ground—that is to say fifty feet irontagc by one hundred feet long . For further information , apply to Mr . Brotvne _, Metropolitan-buildings , Albert-street , Spicer-strect , Spitalfields , enclosing stamps for postage .
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THE LAND AT O'CONNORVILLE . TO BE LET , A FOUR ACRE FARM , situate in the best portion ofthe Estate , with barn , pigsties , enclosed yard , copper set , and other conveniences . One and a quarter acres are cropped with wheat , and the allotment is decidedly the best on the Estate . For particulars apply to Thomas Mai-tin _Wmeeleii , O'Connorville , near Rickmansworth _, Herts . All letters must contain a postage stamp for reply . Also to let , with crop and stock , the TWO ACRE ALLOTMENT now occupied by T . M . Wheeler . For particulars inquire as above .
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PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT . A PUBLIC ME E T 1 N Gt , Convened by the Provisional Committee of the NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION , will be held at the LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC _INSTITUTB _, JOHNSTREET , TOTTENHAM . COUBT-ROAD , on TUESDAY EVENING NEXT , _Madcu 12 ra , 1850 , for the purpose of Reviewing the Pboceem . ngs in Paumament during the past week . . Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P ., G . W . M . Reynolds , Esq ., 6 . Julian Harney , W . J . Vernon , Ambrose Tomlinson ( re . cently liberated from . his dungeon at Wakefield , ) and others are expected to address the meeting . Chair to be _tiiken at eight o ' clock . ADMISSION FREE .
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THE FUND FOR THE "WIDOWS AND _ORPHANS OF WILLIAMS AND SnARP . A TEA MEETING IN AID OF THE above fund ( and to celebrate the second anniversary of the memorable 10 th of April , 1848 ) , will take place in the NATIONAL nALL , 212 , HIGH nOLBOHN , On WEDNESDAY , APRIL 10 th . After the Tea A PUBLIC MEETING Will beheld , at which the advocates of democratic and social progress are hereby invited to attend . Tea on the table at Six , and the Public Meeting to commence at Eight o ' clock . . . . -. William Davis in the Chair . Tickets for . the Tea ,. One . Shilling each , may be had at Reynolds ' s Political Instkdctob Office , 1 , Wellingtonstreet North , Strand ; Land Office , 144 , High Holborn ; the several Metropolitan Localities ; of Mr . Mills , at the National Hall ; of tlie Members of the Committee ; and of tlie Secretary , John J . I ' erdihando , 18 , New _Tyssen-street _, _Bethnal-green . Admission to Public Meeting : —Hall , 2 d . Gallery , 3 d .
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EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA . W TAPSCOTT AND CO ., SHIPPING and Emigration Agents , Liverpool , continue to despatch First Class Ships—To NEW YORK-every Five Days . - To NEW ORLEANS—every Ten Days . To BOSTON and PHILADELPHIA-cvery Fifteen Days . And occasionally to BALTIMORE , CHABLESTONi SAVANNAH , QUEBEC , and St . JOHNS . Drafts for any amount , at sight , on New York , payable in any part of the United States . Tapscott ' s "Emigrant ' s Guide" sent free , on receipt of Four Postage Stamps . _rJ 3 ?* About twenty-eight thousand persons sailed for the New World , in Tapscott ' s line of American Packets _. in 1849 .
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PAINS IN THE'BACK , GRAVEL , LUMBAGO , RHEUMATISM , STRICTURES , DEBILITY , & e . DR . DE ROOS' COMPOUND RENAL PILLS are'the only certain cure for the above distressing complaints , as also all diseases of the kidneys and irinary organs generally , whether resulting from lmpruience or otherwise , which , if neglected _^ so frequently end in stone . inthe bladder , and a lingering , agonising death ! It is an established fact that most cases of- gout and Rlicu . matism occurring after middle age , are combined with diseased urine , how necessary is it then , that persons so afflict " - ed should at once attend to these important matters . By the salutary action of tliese pills , on acidity of the stomach , they correct bile and indigestion , purify and promote the renal secretions , thereby preventing the formation of calculi , and establishing for life a healthy performance of the functions of all these organs . They have never been known to fail , and may be obtained through most Medicine Vendors . Price ls , l _^ d „ 2 s . 9 d ,. tmd . 4 s ; Cd . pcr box ., or will be sent free , with full instructions for use , on receipt of the price in postage stamps , by Dr . DE R 003 . A considerable saving effected by purchasing the larger boxes . ¦ . ' . _>' _:.- ¦
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BEAUTIFUL HAIR . WHISKERS , Ac . ; _versus BALDNESS , WEAK , and GREY HAIR ANE TRIAL ONLY is solicited of \ J ROSALIE COUPELLE'S celebrated _TARISIAN POMADE , for the certain production of Whiskers , Eyebrows , & c , in six or eight weeks , reproducing lost Hair , strengthening and curling weak hair , and checking grey ness at any time of life , from whatever cause arising . It has never been known to fail , and will be forwarded ( free ) with full instructions , 4 c , on receipt of 24 postage stamps . testimonials , _dsc . ' Mr . Bull , Brill , says : — " I am happy to say , after everything else failed , yours has had the desired effect , tlie greyness is quite cheeked . " . Dr . Erasmus Wilson : — " It is vastl y superior to all the clumsy greasy compounds now sold under various titles and pretences , which I have at different times analysed , and found uniformly . injurious , being either scented , or colodiied with some highly deleterious ingredient , There are . however , se many impositions afoot , that persons reluctantly place confidence when it may justly be bestowed . "
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. , __ . __ _r . ; ,, _; _,,, _„ , _.. _Apimnna--ST-THE MARCH NUMBER OF THE ' . 'DEMOCRATIC _" tEYIBW" CONTAINS AN IMPORTANT ARTICLE , ON THE FACTORY _QUESTION . . ; .
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Now ready , with th « Magazines for Mareh , No . X . of THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , : HISTORY and LITERATURE . Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . contents : 1 . The Stamp Tax cm Newspapers . 2 . Legal Plunder . 3 . The Ten Hours Question . 4 . A Glance at History . Part II . 5 . Fourier ' * Theory . . G . Anniversary of the French Revolution . . 7 . The _Blobdshedding Ordermongers . 8 . Poetry : " . The Past and the Present , " 9 . Letter from "France . 10 . Letter from Germany . , 11 ' . ; Political Postscript , « te ., Are . * _j"g * The Letters from France and Germany contain very important information of the diabolical designs of the " Holy Alliance , " and tlieir infamous instrument President Buonaparte .
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PORTRAIT OF MR . WALTER COOPER . . This day is published , price One Penny , No . XIX . of . RETNOLDS'S POLITICAL INSTRUCTOR . Edimd bt G . W . Mi' REYNOLDS , Author of the First and Second Series of ' The _Mtstemes of London , ' ' The Mysteries of the Court of London , ' ' Tn ** Days of Hogarth , ' Robert Macaihe _, ' & c , ic , & c _.-This number of the / _"Wtrttcfor contains a portrait of
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THE PEOPLE'S REVIEW . - Edited by Friends of Order and Progress . THE PEOPLE'S REVIEW is upon the plan of the six shilling Quarterly , but at a price within the compass of the many ; and it is intended thatthe " People ' s Review" shall contain articles expository of the popular . interests , _wliieh are : daily attracting more and more notice of the statesman and the thinkerarticles which shall be recognised as . well-advised and dispassionate expressions of that portion of- the people , who believe in reason as the'true agent , and in kindness as a power for progress . '•" CONTENTS OF NO . : n ., FOE MARCH . 1 . The Thirty Years'Peace . 2 . Strafford , the Despot in Practice . 3 . Tlie Science of Diet . 4 . Politics and Prospects ofthe German People . . 5 ; Art before Exhibition . G . Recent Novels . . ' 7 .. Emigration and Colonisation , etc ., etc ., etc . C . Mitchell , Red Lion-court . London .
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Nottingham.—J. Sweet Acknowledges The Re...
Nottingham . —J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums , sent herewith , vis ,: —Fon the _O'Cojjnor Indemnity Fond . —Mrs . Ann Burbage , 6 d ; A Devoted Friend , - Ss ; A Middle-class "Friend , 10 s ; _-Mr " J . Brown , Gd ; Mr . Gee , Gd ; A Friend , 2 s Gd ; From Bulvvell _, 2 s Od ; A Friend , Gd ; A Friend , Is ; Mr . White , 3 d ; Mr . Chipindale , 2 s Gd ; From Hyson-green district , 8 s lOd ; A Friend 3 d . Fob Mrs . M'Douall . —From Carrington , 5 s . J . Richards . —Thanks for you letter . Please to send your full address . E . F ., Uxbridge . —The lines are passable , and shall be inserted oil a future occasion .
Mr . II . Johnson , Syston . —The work contains the whole of Paine's political writings . Mr . Bamue , Strathaven . —Wc do not send the papers . Mr . Love must have forwarded it from Glasgow . _Havinq received a' great number of letters from various parts requesting a supply of subscription books for the collection of the Honesty Fund , I beg to state that all such applications must be made to Mr . Thomas Clark , 111 , High Holborn . Several letters have also been addressed to me for cards of membership of the National Charter Association . Those I have handed over to the Secretary , Mr . John Arnott , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand . —See Notice in this day ' s paper . —W . Rideb . Foil the Family or Db . M'Douall , —Received by Andrew M'Fce , Liverpool , a post-office order _forlGs . from Joseph ' Cooper , Landport ; also from Mr . W . Norman , Isle of "Wight , eighteen postage stamps . Public Libraries . —Any properly organised publie library
will oblige the Chartist 3 of Longton _, by forwarding a copy of their rules to _Heijry Clay , Paradise-street , Longton , Staffordshire . A Constant Reader , Berwick . —Physicians are entitled to charge for their prescriptions . ' They do not generaUy supply medicine . You should see the gentleman and plead your inability . Several Communications are unavoidably postponed this week through press of matter . Among others we may enumerate , J . N . Leicester ; D . Sherrington , Glasgow ; J . Smart , Aberdeen ; The Friends at Radcliff ; a letter on l'ottorsvillo ( America ) ! R . Side , and several _othcre , which will receive our earliest attention . G . J . Harney cannot at present visit _Newcastle-upon-. Tyne and Northampton . The latter place he will visit within a few weeks ; liis visit to the former must be deferred until some time in the " ensuing summer . Cr , J . 11 . will arrange to pay an early visit to Stockport and Rochdale .
J . M'Cbae . —Received . Shall hear from us by post . The " Weekly Dispatch , " and Mr . Thomas Clabk . We have much pleasure in announcing that Mr . Clark ' s lying pamphlet was favourably reviewed in the " Weekly Dispatch" of Sunday last . According to the reviewer , Mr .-Clark " bravely confesses the old errors ofthe Chartist course , especially with regard to tlie Corn Laws . " The re-. viewer adds an expression of his " sorrow and amazement that any number of men can be found so besotted as to listen to or read the ravings" attributed by Mister Clark to Julian Harney . "This must be highly gratifying to Mr . Clark . It is most certainly gratifying : to Julian Harney , Mr . J . White , Leicester . —Write to the Irishman Office , D'Olier-street , Dublin . We only supply tlie _Northern Star . Leicester Julian Hamey has received , and paid over to Mr . Rider , for the Honesty Fund 13 s . ; for Macnamara ' s Action , Is . 9 d . ; and towards Nixon ' s Bill , Is , 3 d ,
National Charter Association. All Letter...
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . All letters and communications for the Provisional Committee , must be addressed , till further notice , as follows : —John Abnott , Office of the National Charter Association , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , London . N . B . —The Secretary will be in attendance atthe Office daily ( Sundays excepted ) from nine to two o ' clock .
The Northern Star Havkitdav. Makctt 9, 1850,.
THE NORTHERN STAR HAVKItDAV . MAKCtt 9 , 1850 ,.
The National Land Plan. The Working Peop...
THE NATIONAL LAND PLAN . The working people are more just than Chief Baron Pollock- "—more clear-sighted and impartial than a Special Jury of the Court of Exchequer . From all parts of the country expressions of undiminished confidence in Mr . O'Connor pour in upon us . The rancorous and factious persecution to which he has been subjected , has had the effect of attaching them more warmly to a man who has given his life and fortune to the advocacy of their interests . To the extent of their limited means , they havo voluntarily come forward to aid in defraying the expenses heaped upon his head by tho perversion of the law ; and the intrigues and misrepresentations of his enemies , instead of severing , havo only more closel y united , the Leader and the Party .
Apart from this gratifying feature ofthe ] correspondence with which our columns have been filled for the last two weeks , much valuable light has been thrown upon the character and conduct of the persons who were brought by BBADSHAW to throw discredit upon the Land Plan itself . On the very face of the enterprise , it was evident , that , from want of personal health and strength , or previous training and experience , some allottees might fail in realising the results anticipated . But it was equally evident , to all impartial men , that such individual failures would not , in the slightest degree , impugn the general soundness of the Plan _» or be detrimental to its capability of producing a substantial and aggregate improvement in the condition of the persons so located .
A careM examination of the evidence of the hostile witnesses will show , that , in every case , the condemnation they pronounced upon the Plan , was the result of their own personal incapacity , or the palpable want ofthenecessary means to cultivate their allotments profitably . Not that the Company was to blame for this latter defect . The Aid Money—which was mainly , if not entirel y , intended to be exponded in seeds , implements , and labour , ofa reproductive character-was paid , but it was laid out u a way that waa certain to yield no
The National Land Plan. The Working Peop...
return . ' , . Take the case of AlexandbB _Cle _* land as an instance . ; He endeavoured to ran * . himself a _much-injured man _, iby hia removal from Scotland to Snig's End . According to his own account , he was , earning excellent wages , and was exceedingly comfortable , before he was entrapped into this delusive scheme .. Mr . Duncan Sherrington has given us the other side of th * picture . By the account of the expenditure of the - £ 15 Aid Money ; paid to Cleland , two things ai ; e evident—first , that _CLELAND--if he received the wages he stated in . the Court of ' , _»• ¦ . ' m : i _„ ' ¦ ¦¦ . ¦¦ . . fil . _^ , _^ m » fl _fil _. F . .
Exchequer—must have a- very indifferent knowledge of Domestic Economy ; and second , thathe expected to reap , without planting or sowing , - Now the Land Company never pretended to impart , instantaneously , the knowledge and practice of Household Thrift , and of the domestic virtues to all its members ; nor did it promise that : corn , potatoes , cabbages and bacon , were to spring spontaneously from the small farms upon which it placed its allottees . It did not profess to work miracles of that kind . The old fashion of being industrious , frugal , and sober—the old custom of
sowing seed / and expending labour , before the harvest was , gathered in , constituted the foundation and the guarantee of the _SUCCeSS of that Plan , quite as much as they do in any of the other occupations of life . The only difference was that the Land Company proposed to leave the producer a much larger share of the . results of his own labour than has ever before been suffered to remain with them . It gave them land in small quantities at the wholesale price , or upon a small rental
calculated upon that amount . ; it gave them houses at the cost price of erection—or at an equally small rental upon that cost price . It subdivided the large estates purchased by it into suitable farms—fenced and drained where necessary—planted fruit trees—made roads , s o that there might be convenient access and facilities for transporting produce and goods ; and lastl y , supplied—either in money , or work and-manure , or by all three—the means of raising the first crop .
"W hat more could be asked ofthe Company ? Are those who annually emigrate to the " far west" of America , or the cattle runs of Australia , provided in anything like an equal degree with the facilities for maintaining themselves and families in substantial and permanent comfort ? Not at all 1 Yet the very journals which , villify the Land Plan as a swindle , are loudest in their _advocaay of foreign Emigration as the panacea for all our grievances—the cure for the destitution , and misery which exist so abundantly ' around us .
But in the case of Cleland , as in the case of many others , who have made similar complaints , it is clear that the failure was in himself , and not in the plans or arrangements of the Company . He does not aver that he was not placed in possession of the farm and house allotted to him . He does not deny having received the £ 15 awarded by the laws of the Company to a two acre farm . But instead of applying that money to its legitimate objects—the . cultivation and stocking of his farm —it is expended in passage money , and the carriage of baggage—and in the purchase of shoes and pinafores tor the children ! Surely ,
a man who earned £ 1 a week in Glasgow , might have been provided with these very necessary articles , without trenching upon the fund supplied by the Company for the purpose of producing a crop on his farm . Under the head of ** Potatoes , turnip , cabbage , carrot and onion seeds , and cabbage plants , " however , we find that two pounds seven shillings and sixpence was the whole amount expended out of the - £ 15—and if to that we add thirteen shillings and sixpence for agricultural implements , it makes exactly four pounds , or less than one third of the whole , employed as capital in the" cultivation of two acres of land ; No
wonder such a man failed ! Ex nihilo nihil fit —out of nothing , nothing comes . Wc submit , however , that the Land Company , who gave the money , is not to be condemned for the failure , but the man who misappropriated it . Yet it is upon such instances as these , which carry their own refutation along with them , that the Times and other journals found a sweeping and wholesale condemnation of small farms and spade labour . The absurdity of such , conclusions , when based upon such data , is so obvious as . not to need' comment or reply . The superiority of spade culture , as far as the quantity of produce is concerned , over the plough , is now admitted b y every practical man . The difficulty under our
present systemof farming is for the farmer to find the requisite amount of manual labour at the time he wants it , and to get rid of it again when he does not need it . If these two things could be assured them , we have no hesitation in saying , that ; spade labour would become general among the enterprising farmers of this country . But as they cannot , they are obliged to content themselves with the inferior productive machinery , which rests upon the plough as its basis . When , therefore , . we hear such palpable nonsense as , that a man cannot support himself and family , by their united labour , on average land , by the spade , the inference is , not that spade labour is defective , but that the man who complains is himself in fault .
Much controversy takes place at times between Free Traders and Protectionists , as to the relative number of persons engaged in manufacture and in agriculture . On whichever side the truth may be , everybody must admit , that the millions of quarters of corn , and tho vast amount of other provisions , raised annually in this country , are produced by a very small fraction of the whole community . Many years ago William Cobbett , with that
searching analysis which distinguished his writings , instituted an investigation into the productive and distributive statistics of a single parish . The result of that inquiry demonstrated , that out of every fifteen days the agricultural labourer was at work , he received for himself tho produce of only one :. the other fourteen days were appropriated for the support ofthe "institutions of the country , " and absorbed by the classes who live upon profits in various proportions .
If the productive classes mean to amend a system which thus steadily and insidiousl y transfers the fruits of their labour to those " who toil not , neither do they spin , " they must adopt measures far different to those which are proposed by mere surface and popularity-hunting agitators . The Land Plan may not be perfect in all its arrangements . It was not to be expected that , in a scheme involving so much that was novel and untried in practice , everything that might happen could have been foreseen and provided for . A large margin is always allowed for contingencies in all new experiments , and we do not se © why
this should be refused the same advantage . The main question is , whether it is founded upon principles sound in _themselves , and capable—if prudently and practically carried out—to permanently and _substantially improve the condition of the _labouuing classes . If this can be _answered in the affirmative _^ then , we say , that _tb-e difficulties and obstn * _-- _} - tions which defective knowledge , and defective means , may interpose in its progress , so far from being the ground of either condemnation or despondency , ought merely to bo considered as the necessary steps towards , tiie completion of the Plan , and the realisation of its objects .
In the meantime , we conclude by observing , that those who spent on themselves money which should have gone into tho Land in the shape of manure and seeds—those who have withheld the subscriptions by which alone the Plan could be carried out as intended , and on the faith of which Mr . O'CONNOR and the Directors purchased Estates and built Cottages , are the very last persons who ought to complain i ) f- the effect of their misappropriations and bad faith ,
I The Wolyes And The Sheep. I Nothing Ap...
I THE _WOLYES AND THE SHEEP . i Nothing appears _tobrighten our public m _* to m uoh as any proposal to . deal definitely ani ? _direeiJy with the social and political conditio of _tho , _masses . 'If it is . proposed to extend th Suffrage , it is at once objected that they ar not yet fit for its exercise , but that some tiro or other they may be so , when such an exten _sion may be _jjafely conceded . If the oth ' tack is taken , and improved educational J social arrangements are asked for , in _orrW give thepeople at large the intelli gence ai ! i the superior moral habits' of which itia a ]] e _J * they are now deficient , the answer is then th !! I THE WOLTESAND THE SWCn ? T >
nothing can be done by Act oi rarJiament io such purposes—that "let alone" is the Alp" / and Omega of Government and legislation , _Llj that the people must work out their own demption , by- their own unassisted effort * ' Either way the people are condemned to _endur ' the pressure of the numerous burdens , and th gross injustice inflicted upon them by the m sent order of things . _Fe ' Two recent occurrences have strongly _exem plified the hopelessness of any efficient honest reform being carried in the ' pre « e !» constitution of the Legislature . Mr . _Hujij- _' a annual motion for Lis _"LUtle Charter , " _*^ debated in an almost empty house , for th ! greater part of the night . Aa the time for the division approached , members rushed in ready to vote , who had not heard . It was mere brute
force—unreasoning and unreasonable _obstruc . tiveness , based on the determination to irujn tain class rule and class legislation for tha benefit of the few at the expense of the many . The arguments—if they may be dig . nified by that name—which the PheKsek and others opposed to tbe proposition , were of the flimsiest texture / But one declaration will not be forgotten as long as Lord Jonj * Russell lives , namely , that the people of this country were not fit to be trusted with the franchise . We look upon that declaration as an insult to the nation and one which if the people at largo felt any regard for their own reputation in the eyes of the world , they would speedily seek satisfaction for , by turning the puny Iordling who made it out of
office . An increase of twelve in the number of those who voted for the motion , as compared with the minority of last year , may , be accepted as an indication that the out-door agitation is heginning to tell upon constituencies , and that the waverers , and those who are uncertain as to the tenure of their seats , begin to think it is time to choose their side . "VYe have still however , to observe a lamentable want of energy and of union on the part of the middle class reformers both in and out of Parliament . With a minority of ninety-six—if there waa a sturdy determination to push the ministry home—they could soon alter the supercilious and insulting tone with which their motions
are met . The other occurrence- —which proves th at the working classes have nothing to hope from Government and Parliament as now constituted—was the reception given to the motion of Mr . Slaney , for the appointment of an unpaid Commission to consider and report upon practical plans , ( not connected with political changes ) for the social improvement of the working and poorer classes . Nothing could be moro unpretending , cautious , and modest , than such a proposal ; yet it was made to a thin and inattentive House , and
ultimately withdrawn , from a clear perception that even such a small recognition of the claims of " the working and poorer classes " would have been ignored by the " honourable House , '' that pretends to represent the " Commons of Great Britain and Ireland . '" In truth , the industrious classes are theoretically and practically _excludad from all participation in legislation , and in legislative care and protection . They are the sheep to be
shorn , or devoured wholesale , as the case may be . The House of Commons represents the wolves who prey upon them . We live under an Oligarchy composed of landed aristocrats , and middle class profit-mongers—they may quarrel with each other as to the division of the spoil , hut they always cordially unite tlieir forces against any attempt of the despoiled to acquire strength to resist aggression , orredress for the -. wrongs they endure , or a chance of emancipating themselves from oppression .
. Mr . Slaney ' s statement of the amount of these wrongs , and the deadly and demoralising nature of that oppression , was , in fact , a " heavy indictment against those before whom he preferred it . In no country of the world , " is the labouring man placed in a worse physical and social position , than he is in this boasted land of freedom . At the end of a long life spent in hard work , the aged peasant has no prospect before him but the workhouse j when
he is able to toil no longer , society gratefully awards him a pauper ' s fare and treatment , and ' when that kills hiin , a pauper ' s coffin and a pauper ' s grave . His family have the samo prospect before them . From early morn till late night , they may labour on for long years , in producing all that ministers to the physical well-being of the community , at wages barely sufficient to keep soul and body together , and when no longer able to labour , their father ' s fate is theirs , To talk of the tiller of the
soil ever rising above this abject and most hopeless of conditions , is a mockery . All the arrangements by wliich he is surrounded seem as if they were expressly contrived for the purpose of making him physically , mentally , aud morally , a slave to the landlord and the farmer , who share the products of his toil between them . It is not good for them that he should eat of the tree of knowledge , and have his eyes
opened to discriminate good and evil . Hence , generally the opposition to all educational or social measures , which might raise the peasantry in the scale of society . Schools and small allotments , are all so many encroachments on the means by which tho labourers are held in mental and physical thraldom ; and they ask themselves , if these things are conceded , " What is to become of us ?"
When" we turn to our large towns and cities , and to our manufacturing districts , ve that : the demons of class-interest and _clais * tyranny , produce effects moro pernicious , and even more deplorable . Of one thing even laudlords and farmers cannot deprive their slaves , —the benefit of tho fresh air in which they pursue their avocations . But the worker i _* the mine and the factory has no such , eonipe *"* sation .. During his houss of labour he is surrounded with an atmosphere which slowly in ** pairs _vitality , and lays , the seeds _olTaisease ana early death in tho frame . "When _avav
from work , the elose , unveaiilated , a "" * undraincd lanes and alleys , and the _overcuowded tenements in which he _|* J compelled to _Kve , exercise an earn' )' deadl y _influence upon health and _motsWSickness , mortality , and two hold their t _&*™ amongst the _huddled-up masses , who keep tp e wheels of on * _manufacturing and _cojaniercw machinery in motion . The children born )* : such parsats , brought , np amidst such bale ' ' eir
influences , and employed as early as th limbs will enable them to bear the toil , ! stunted , palo , sickly , equally deficient of _titf _* and physical stamina . According to high * thority , they are fast sinking from the hun _* aD to the brute- type . All that has been takea to distinguish man from tho lower animals is _beiUfi rapidly obliterated in them , and they are ap ' proximating to the form , the intellect , aud tW passions of _babpom Large masses in P _"\ ticular oceunationa have not the _slightest hop
of escape from the perennial misery by _*« ' ] j _* L they are environed . Death is the ° < 1 \ i that stands open—a door frequently opf for them by the hand of fever , or of _tw numerous diseases which ravage the P . man ' s dwelling . Pauperism and cn » e crease , and the _vhole condition ofthe _vw
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 9, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09031850/page/4/
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