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- P KCEI *!!Jgii^ - ; ::;: - ¦ '¦ - ' - ...
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£0 &mtv* & coros8<MUettt&
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£-*p I have received a letter from Georg...
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RECEIPTS OF THE NAT tomtit UkND COMPANY,...
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DEFENCE FUND. BECOTBS ST WUXUX »IH», £ 8...
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Atftn, Accro******.—On Taetdiy week in e...
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES.-• Words are thin...
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WEST RIDING ELECTION. Thb Day oi* Nomina...
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REPRESENTATION OF LYNN. Lynn, Dec. 6th.—...
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Electric Light.—-An open air trial of th...
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CHESTER SPECIAL ASSIZES. ¦ * *—. Cnssm ,...
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LATEST FOREIGN NEWS. ABDICATION OF THE E...
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DISSOLUTION OF THE PRUSSIAN ' ASSEMBLY. ...
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APPALLING SACRIFICE OF LIFE ON BOARD A S...
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LiBBRATiorf cr J ( R. Bambb. EsQ.—Mr Bax...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Notes On Popular Movements. - The Aspect...
_^ cons tantly exposed to the _revered temp _, " "" ons both ot want and of unregulated pag-. *? "" j s not to be expected . Lord Ashley and v Clerical allies deceive themselves , and if those who p in their faith in them , if they _jvnk that by such means any real or effectual _Ttement will take place of tbe evils the ? so p hatically bring under the notice ofthe _^ Tbese are , literally , all the movements of _mnorts-nce which are now attracting public ttention . At the moment when all the _^ _eat agencies at work are slowly , but surely , j- cnr ° anising society , and preparing it for a
fearful crisis , this is the way that our politicians , economists , and philanthropists waste their time , in small and futile movements , -jthich are only redeemed from ridicule or _condemnation because their originators are in fia _\ Vith all oar talk about Education , there is class that needs it more than that class whicb is entrusted with the Government of the country- We wish they would go to school auickly ; but looking at the obstinate manner in which * they shut their eyes upoa what is passing on the Continent , we must say we have small hopes—at present—of their speedy acquisition of even the alphabet of true political wisdom .
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£ 0 _& mtv * & coros 8 < MUettt _&
£-*P I Have Received A Letter From Georg...
_£ _- * p I have received a letter from George Packer , of Birmingham , relative to an alteration inthe cottag _s to he mult npon the Company ' s estate . I shonld have published it this week if I had received it in time to admit of a ccmment , tint I did not receive it tai Thursday noon . I am always pleased to receive those respectful _corsmuoications , and I shall always respect folly answer tbem . It shall appear next week . P . O'Coxsob . J . Swew acknowledges thereceipt of the following sums for the Defence Fund -sent herewith ) , viz . . — £ s . d . £ s . d . ' From the Shoe- From Bagthorpe 0 2 2 makers'Asso- From Kirkby „ 0 3 0 _riatioa - 8 7 0 MrBewa „ 0 0 3 Ur _Ba-1 „ 0 0 6 Mr Shepherd _ 0 03 Mr Chipindalo 0 0 6 From New Bas .
Mrs Perkins „ 0 0 I ford _M 0 4 3 _Jctum Basnet has received and handed to the Exe entire , 8 sfid * _forConveaton expense * . ' from G . Cavill " SheffiiH . , J . A . Keoch , Dundee . —Cox ' s Hotel , Jermyn _Street _Haymarket , London . JJ , B ., _Iiirerpool . —Three shillings . 3 . _Gairrans . — We have given your letter to the Directors . _QvstT , Boltonle-Moors . —Wejharebad _something similar to the same air by ns for some time , and shall give it the first opportunity . A Cosstast Reads * . —In 1813 . J , _Bi * f * _. _KTf Broylsden ; J . H ., Wand-worth . —We shonld _SSJ Irish , unless the parent , either by apprenticeship , or rental of premises , coold claim a parish in England .
TBS XANCHESTEK YICTIHS . Thomas Oxheshex has received the following sums : — AFewFrieBdsfromRooderLane , per Mr Grocott .. .. ' .. .. 0 7 6 - Received on the Platform , per Mr Grocott OH 3 "W . W . P . U . . 093 _Bbcibara , _perilrArmstead .. .. 0 2 3 Mr Bessett , Tavistock . —Yonr communication is an adver tisement . Remitfonxshiliiagsand sixpence , and it ¦ hall appear . J . S . A ., Halifax . — Articles and'remittances for the _SoKTHEiS Stab must be sent to this office . The business of tbe Directors is unconnected with our
paper . Halifax . — Boxendale , Binns . and Edwards , are three consummate fools , to suppose I should 'deliver immediately' their unintelligible scrawl to the party they alluded to . The { fire was it * 'immediate'destination . Tbe Dispatch or Lloyd ' s wonld have been the best medium to represent the Chartists as ' a set ov hidle ignereot _booties . ' W . Bides .. Ma Aitkis , _Ashton-Tmaer-Lyne , writes to Mr Julian Hamej as follows : — 'I Have received your letter with the 4 s 9 d from Mr Phillips for Urs M'Douall ,-which I will transmit by this post , together with aU monies in my hands . I wish the Mends of the Doctor and Ms family to send any money they hold , or may hereafter coUect . direct to Mrs M'DoaaU , at Mr Farrall ' s , Temperance Hotel , 64 , Richmond Bow , Liverpool The total amonnt of money I hare received for Dr _M'BoBall's defence aad for bis family is £ 62 Ss , all of which , with the exception of the Ashton subscription , has been dnly acknowledged in the Stab . 1 send Mrs M'Douall , this week , the balance remaining in mj hands . W . Auksk .
Receipts Of The Nat Tomtit Uknd Company,...
_RECEIPTS OF THE NAT tomtit UkND COMPANY , FOB THE WEEK ENDING THURSDAY , _DECEMBEE ? , 1818 .
_TSSHRO'COlffiOB . IHAIES . £ 8 . d . Hominghold - 0 14 % Bath N .. 606 Stratford .. 0 5 0 Chester 1 3 i Greenock ~ 3 5 8 Deronport - 1 10 0 * r < inlaton - 19 0 _^ Leicester , Astill 0 5 4 Mansfield , Walker 2 9 0 Bridport „ 13 8 Jferthyr , Powell 1 4 6 Hawick M 2 o 0 Howsell - 0 2 0 William Baillie .. 6 1 0 Barnstaple .. 3 7 8 T Rowley M 0 a 6 Hold _M .. 2 0 0 M Smith M 0 13 0 Manchester - 115 0 _JYignrs M 0 16 Daventry ~ 5 0 0 T Witchell H 0 0 8
Mansfield , Wood . D Thompfeins .. 0 0 8 honse _~ 1 110 J Hancock - 0 3 0 . _Nottingham , A Hancock M 0 l o Sweet - 016 2 J E Hancock . 0 1 e _Leicester , Free- B Good ~ 0 2 6 maa ~ 2 0 0 JHdFeffl & n _ 0 S 0 Winchester .. 012 6 C Turke M 0 10 Accrington m 017 8 T Williams .. 0 0 8 Sooth Shields .. _S 0 0 WBdllie .. 0 13 Todmorden « 5 0 0 T _Xobbs M 010 0 Slalton M " 2 8 6 Preston , Brown 111 0 BirininghBin , ———————Goodwin _» 0 5 4 ______ TOTALS . Land Fund _•» ... ••• 52 211 Expense Fond ... ... ... 1 15 6 Loan Fund ... ... ... 415 0 Umiub 791710 Transfers ... ... — ... 111 0
£ _ 4 _Q 5 3 ~ M . Dixon . _Oekutozhei Doilb , _Tnos . _Ciiiax , ( Corre * . Seo . ) PHUJr H'Q-U 7 H , ( r _* in . Seo . ) POB , W 1 TE 3 AND FAUME 3 OP VICTIMS . BECEIVED BT W . BIDEB . Western Division of London Boot and Shoemakers - - m » 1 15 0 Sheffield , per G CaTill : — _Josephlonley m 0 3 6 England M 0 0 6 James Smith « 0 1 0 3 _Rodgerg M 0 0 6 - - Collected M 0 2 6
DEFEHCE AHD VICTIM PUND . sscsxttD bt _r . ktdd . Carlisle , per J _Gflbertson ~ - 2 0 0 Charterville , per _Joha Stanton ( gratuitous agenti , profits on _Voaraixs Stab . - . 0 H Waterhead Mill , per B Beaumont : — Ihe Association 10 0 Urs Milhench .. 0 0 6 MUs Beaumont 0 2 0 W Dnnkerly M 0 0 6 Mrs Billington - 0 10 Friends ~ 0 10 Halifax , per C Urs Austin , and Shackleton ~ 0 9 6 the Messrs Brett 8 1 0 _BXCEiraO AT lAXD OFFICE . MrDobson . G . W . _» „ 0 16 Westminster _~ 0 0 6 John Sturgeon _„ 0 0 fi Eecles , per JBU T / x & ridge 0 8 9 chison -. 0 5 6 Ur Waterwortk 0 5 0 UrGill . 006
POR THE EXECUTIVE . XtCSITED BT 8 . _KTOTJ _, -Carlisle , per 3 Snig ' s End , per GUbertson . 010 0 3 Arnott „ 0 18 UCXIVZD BT W . BISBB . Bilston , per T Sheffield , per G _Davies - 0 7 0 _Carfll „ 0 14
Defence Fund. Becotbs St Wuxux »Ih», £ 8...
DEFENCE FUND . BECOTBS ST WUXUX » IH » _, £ 8 . d . _LoBCon , an Enemy to Oppression ( third subscription ) ... ... 1 5 C P . S _., B » tIi ... 0 10 0 W . _Cowman , Pianoforte toner , Leicester 0 2 6 _TVcottoB-under-Edge , per B . lacey ... 0 10 0 _AFewPrknd _* . _Uirersiane 0 4 0
Bilston , per T . Davti ° - _BirrrdBgiam , Ship fan Locality , per J . Newhouse ... ... ... «•• 2 8 6 Birmingham , People ' s Sail , per W . H . Budhall 0 4 0 Ctorley , per W . Wilkinson 0 4 3 J . Brjan _. Higham . ... ... ... 0 10 C . Pialaj , ditto 0 0 6 _HoWogban _. _pefJ . Sweet _» 18 ° Bridlington Qaay , per J . Yiokermsn ... 0 4 6 _Eddsirninster , per W , _Biowen ... — 0 3 0 J . Esnttey , _Kendal . „ 0 0 6 _•? _£ _., Brampton , ae * r Carlisle ... 0 0 6 Bristol , per M . Edwards 0 7 1 _3 rf _* tol , perW . H . Hyatt 0 8 11 _? . "ff . B . ... ... __ ... 0 10
l _^ werWarley , per J . Greenwood ... 8 10 0 ¦ _tfalitead , perB _Paya 0 3 0 •*¦ Well Wisher to the Cause , Walcot , Bath 0 3 0 £ 3 £ 3 9 3 _^ L _^_^_^_^_^_ _Z
Atftn, Accro******.—On Taetdiy Week In E...
_Atftn , _Accro _****** . —On _Taetdiy week in exeat tot aaned Robinson , engaged in digging ft drain at the Bothexh-ua Cemetery- stepped naif a pace back-7 * rd s while be wu still in a stooping _oottare . The _ufxrarer immediately behind , aim bad lifted his pickaxe for a stroke , and before he ceuld _eheckhim-Mlf , the tool fell with all the force ofits wielder on tne lower part of Robinr-on ' _a back , wherein it made to frightfnl an aperture that be ia not expected to _Wwm from tl * wound ,
To The Working Classes.-• Words Are Thin...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES .-• Words are things , and a small drop of ink Falling—like dew—upoa a thought , produces Thst which makes thousands , perhaps millions , _filnk . ' _Biao-r . MEMOIRS OF CITIZEN CAUSSIDIERE / THE FRENOH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION .
Brother Prole tarians , A remarkable work has just issued from the publishing establishment of Mr Bentley . —The 'Me moir * of Citizen Caussidiere , Ex Prefect of Police , and Representative of the People . ' * The same of Masc _Catjssidiebb is well known to the readers ef this journal . Even before the Revolution of February , _Catosuuxbx ' _s name was familiar to the Democrats of this country . The night the new 3 _ieaobed England of th 6 first appointments of offioets under the Republic , 1 read the list of Ke *
publican functionaries to a crowded meeting of Eng . liih and ' _fereigtf Democrats , and I well remember teat on reading the nomination of Citizen _CabssroiEBK to the prefectship of police , the meeting gave throe _efithuaiastie cheers . The subsequent conduct ofthe Republican prefect justified tbat applause . The events of May induced _CAUS-mrss * - to threw np the office of Prefect ; he also resigned his seat in the Assembly . In the month ef June he was re . elected to the Assembly by an immense addition of votes over those he had received on the occasion ef hiB first election . This triumph inoreased the hatred of his enemies .
m The events of Jane afforded them a pretext for glutting their thirst for vengeance . Catjbsidbbb was singled out for special denunciation in the infamous report prepared by _Odiwm Barbot ' s Inquisition . ___ The counter-revoIntioBiBts designed the destruction of _Lbdbtj Bollin , Louis Bla * _ic , and Caossidirbj * : they , however , shrunk from , proceeding to extremities against the first-named , —the two others Bhared the vote of' proscription passed by . the Assembly on the night of the 25 th—26 th of August . To avoid the wearisome imprisonment preceding trial , which Barbes , Raepail , Sobribb , and their _feilow-sn & _erers have suffered , both Louis Blanc and
Cat / _kidrbb withdrew frora France and took temporary refuge in this country . Though nolonger permitted to _sewa their beloved country by taking paitin the duties of the Assembly , the illustrious exiles have not been idle during their sojourn in this island . The readers of this journal are aware that the rabid speeches and writings of the intriguer Tbibbs . directed against the righto ofthe working classes , have been replied to by Louis Blahc is a small bnt eloquent and ably written work , preoared by the author in this metropolis . On hts part , Oaussidibr * ' has been not leu industrious , as the two voIan . e * of his 'Memoirs / also written in this metropolis , abundantly testify .
_Tasfirat fifty-eight page * of Vol . I . are devoted to a narrative of the events of the Revolution of the 24 th of February , and a description of the state of France previous to the _Bevolatioa . Passing over this portion of the work , I hasten to the day of Louis _Phuipps's overthrow . . Citizen _Catjssimeb ** took part in the attack on the Chateau a" Eau . and was amongst the first of the people who entered the _Tuileriis . Like others , he stopped before the stepsof the throne , and describing his reflections at that moment , he says : — 'My _thoucbta wandered to my brother murdered at Lyons in 1834 . It was on tbe Bteps of the altar of Christ that he fell , struck by three balls , with _sixtx-foub bayonet wounds in his body ; and his corpse ,
rollsquished * aB a prey to a maddened soldiery , was soon little mere than a tissue of bloody shreds . ' The Examiner in quoting from this part of the work , omits this description of the horrible murder of _Catjssimbbb ' s brother . Had the Examiner been reviewing the work of Bomo German aristocrat in which was described the popnlar execution ot Lehbbbo or _I-atoub _, that ** ile Whig journal would have quoted every wotd , and added its own measureless denunciation of the ' murderers . ' Bnt tbe English Press-gang have co pity for murdered democrats ; on the contrary , they wonld have exulted , if in June last , the yet living _CAUBsraiBBB had met the fate of his heroic but unfortunate brother . Gazing on the wreck of royalty , Citizen _CaussiBreB *" tells his readers that the Taileries became the grave of hia animosity againBt his former
persecutors . This says much for his kindly disposition , but not so much for his judgment . Pardoned tyrants never forgive those who pardon them . To discard personal animosity is certainly a characteristic of nature's nobility ; but the animosity which a patriot naturally entertains towards tyrants should be cherished until such time as the tyrants have been _rendered utterly powerless for further misohief , and , more , have been compelled to make atonement for 'heir past crimes . . It may be said that the revolution rendered Louis Philippe powerless for further misohief . I am not sure of that . On the other baud , I am sure that _Guiz-ffl , Thibbs , _Begeaud , and the rest of the intriguers and conspirators againBt the human race who surrounded the throne of Louis Philippb , are yet powerful for _evU , and I fear tbeir power will yet ba greater . '
... . The Provisional Government having been appointed , Caushmsbe was placed at the head of the Police . Sobribr wa a appointed his colleague , but _doea not appear to have acted after the first days oi the Revolution . . .. . It is doe to Citizen Causbiwbre to note his declaration , thai he only consented lo take offiea in consequence of the earnest entreaties of the people . _Headds : — ... . . x * It has always been my real and sincere desire to keep aloof from all the trammels of place . For seventeen years I had been one of the foremost in the breach , without any ulterior views of personal advantage . I may honestly aay , that I made every possible sacrifice for my cause . - The realisation aad adop tion of my political principles , were , in my eyes , the noblest recompense . '
Installed in ofiice , Cit zen CAussmrBRS immediately took Bteps to secure an abundant supply of provisions for the capital . A reduction inthe price of bread of course gave general satisfaction , and greatly contributed to the _preservation of order . CitizMi _CaTjssrotBBK ' B police measures and regulations appear to have been generally of a highly praiseworthy character . The _re-foimation of the police force under the nameofMontsgnards . exhibited his admirable qualifications for the office he filled . During his administration the streets of Paris were safe at night , cases ef robbery were rare , and in the space of three months only one murder wss committed . When the disorganisation caused by the revolution is taken into _sccauot , this state of things
must ba admitted to have been the more extraordinary . EvenCAustmixRB ' _a bitterest enemies bave been forced to acknowledgathe ability he exhibited in ensuring the social safety ofthe capital ; Citiz n Caussidiere writes eloquently in praise of the magnanimity of the Revolatienists of February ; but , with all respect for him , I must protest that I con * i <* er the said * magnanimity' to be a subject for lamentation rather than panegyric . Be tells his readers that the King and the princes were allowed to escape without any notice being taken of them . It was not till tbe 27 th of February that orders were given to issue warrants for the arrest of Guisor and the other ex-Ministers . _Theex-Prefeot acknowledges that ha could easily have prevented their flight , but neglected to do so , because , as he says , like the peotnere
ple , hehad golden dreams of tbe future ; ana , - fore , conld afford to forgive the paBt : This fatal spirit of ' moderation * has been the ruin of the Hepublic- Graso-r and his gang had been for years the plunderers and oppressors ef the Frenoh people . To maintain their unholy away , they * - , had consigned thousands of patriots to _dungeofco and death . They had provoked the straggle ef February with the view of having a pretence for massacring the people ; and bad the Monarchy triumphed , blood would nave flowed on the scaffold , and universal proscription would have been the doom of the patriots . Snch enemies of the public welfare deserved the punishment which tyrants should never escape . Saoh intriguers as Thisrs , and suoh brigands as Buo 2 ATjD , should have been driven from the soil of thRepublio
e . Became the enemies of the Revolution were not crushed , the Republio is already gone in aU but name , and the name will , in all likelihood , not long
Because the enemies of the Republio were spared , the founders of the Repnblio are already in their graves , orin chains , or exile ! The natural result oi a _half-ravolution . ,. . The archives of the secret police were , of course , overhauled b y Citizen _Causmmebs , and he came at the names of many of the ruffians who had for years supplied the ex-Government with _mformabon of the _proceedinps and designs of the _Reonbhcans . In chapter VII .. is given an account of the _difflorery of the treason and the unmasking of the _mfamous Dbiahoddb . This miscreant , it appears , is now in London— . , „ , , . _„_ , « The needy _viVauvs home / 'where he attacks the _HepaWjo _fritoMjj iu a little journal . ' Miserable devil : _Wbydoeshe not gibbet himself ? R ° pe ~ cheap _"Wv-J _* lacks even the one virtue of JUDAS JSCABIMthe courage to put an end to his infamous
ex-Chapter VII . also contains an exposure of another soonndrel-the villain _Ch-mto _. on whose lying evidence was principally grounded the charges preferred against- _Capsshjibb ** by Omihw Babboi ' s Inquisition . The value of such evidence will be estimated by the readers of this journal , when I state that _Chxstj rivals out notorious Powell . Condemned to eight years' hard labour at the galleys , for desertion and theft , that pnni-hment had been remitted by Lours Philippb ' _s police authoritien , on tha understand ine that he ( _Chsno ) would turn politioal spy . He did so and when unmasked by _CiQsszzuxRs , he confessed that he had acted , not only aa a spy , but also as an _ m _ m _ mmm _ _ ____^ j _ i " - "' ~ " ' ~" _* __ ? _FoteatraBtsseepsgeJ-
To The Working Classes.-• Words Are Thin...
agent provocateur . He was set at liberty on condition oi leaving the country , and hedid leave for Belgium , but _ifcihraed "again . Once more ' arrested , he was again _liberal' * ° nthesame conditions , and he went to Germany , but , . , ibe a had shilling , he _sgain returned . Thirsting _fof revenge , the wretch took advantage ofthe eyenta of Jane to furnish lying denunciations againBt Cadssidiebb and others who had laid his oharaoter open to the publio . ' At this very moment Chbhui ' s in the enjoyment of his liberty , and congratulates himself in comfort on the result of his denunciations . ' 'IV says Citizen Cao _tsimbm— 'If I dwell upon these facts , it is to point out to the working olasses how guarded they ought to be , and of the great importance it is to them to ascertain the moral worth of those who seek to lead them into the path of danger / -.. _' :.
Citizen Causbisibbi gives a sad description of the incapacity _atad treason of certain members of the Provisional _Government , and the division which reigned in the councils of that body . * The love ol talk reigned supreme there , ' is his emphatic _condemnation of the Provisionals on the occasion of bis first visit to their sittings . It appears , that at the very outset Albert wished to _resiga , observing to _CanesnirEii-t—* Matters do not go on well here ; I look aa if I was ono too many . ' _CAuseiM-ras dissuaded his friend from resigning , buc it is now to be regretted that the real Republicans did not retire
from the Government the moment they discovered the actual designs of their colleagues . Had that step been taken there would have been another struggle , in which , in all probability , the bourgeoisie would have been conquered , and real Democrats plaoed in power . - Ddpostdb l'Edbb , Abaoo , Marie , and the rest of the majority , opposed the proclamation of the Republio . Itis said that on the 24 th of February , Gabnibr Pjosb wrote the following note to his friend Lbon sb Mallkville , ex-Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies : —
• Ths fools , yoa most fenow , have jmt proclaimed a Republic , Prevent tbe Duchess of Orleans from appearing . The moment Is not propitious . ' . The question of the Organisation of Labour excited a division still more marked aud decisive in the councils of the Provisional Government . . The working men surrounded the Hotel de Ville , and demanded the establishment of a Ministry of Labour . This demand , ably supported by Louis Blano , was violently opposed by Gabnibr Paqbb and Lamariise . Louis Blakc threatened to resign unless the wishes of the people were complied with , when Abaoo entreated his ysung colleague not to separate himself from the Government , adding the appeal , 'Do you wish us all to bave our throatB cut ? ' ' The people below , ' says _Cadssidibrb , 'now
began to grow impatient , and made the butt-ends ot their muskets resound on the pavement . ' It was necessary to do something ; acoordicgly Marrast and _Garnor _Pabvs proposed the formation of the Commission of Workmen , to sit in the Palaoe of the Luxembourg , with Louis Blami for President , and Albert , the workman , for Vice-President . The celebrated decree , which I have often quoted , was signed by the whole of the members of the Government . When Mabrasi took the pen to sign it , he exclaimed— 'It is very strong ! It is very strong 1 ' It was U . Marie , who , in bis quality of MlnUter of Public Works , organised the National Workshlps . It was hs alto , in his quality of member of the Executive Comminlon , who ordered their dissolution , for most of these men hastened to undo the little work they bad dose while nnder the _inrldenea of the people ,
The Commission of Inquiry ( Odillon Barrot's In quiiition ) accused _Caujhdibrk of having taken an actire part in tho erects ot the Ifrh of March . Fur from denying the cbarge Citizen _Catjuidierb glories—as be well may— -in having been the orime mover of that magnificent manifestation of democratic opinion . On the occasion ef that manifestation , Lamartinb addressing the delegates of the people assured thorn , that theie were no troops ia Paris , and that the Government had never even dreamt of recalling them to the capital . Ha added' The Republic wishes for no other defender from within than tbe armed people . That is the truth . Tell it to them . '
Yet this same Lamartinb afterwards deolared in the presence of Odillon Babboi ' s Inquisition , thathe had done all in his power to effect the return of the troops to Paris that he might oppose them to the Republican workmen ! Perdition seise the hypocritical traitor ! In reviewing the aots of the Provisional Government , Citizen Caussidiere comments on the mea _sures which he holds should have been adopted , but which were not . Amongst those measures he includes ' Civil ( or Home ) Colonies' for the most _necessitous families . The readers of the Northern Star will agree with the following observations of Citizen Caussidibbb : —
The possession ofthe soil abonld have been made the property of those wbo cleared &&& _cultivated it , oa toe payment of an equitable proportionate rent , which woald _reimburse tbe State , for its primary expenses in _snppljiDj agricnltoral tools and bnlldicg materials _. Colonies of this description , conducted wiih prudenoe _, cannot fail ta succeed . They would tend to recall a portion of the population to sgrionltnral _labours , whicb havo beea so neglected , and so badly managed . Ao citizen can fall into abject poverty with five or six acres to _eultirate . The soil cidtivated _wifft industry , constitutes the real wealth of a country _.
But the majority in the Provisional _Government , treacherous to the _oiaae of the _Revolution , at * tempted none ot tbe measures which common sensa _mij-hthflve _dictated as indispensable , both for the happiness of the people and the stability of the Republio . The people , too , were not blameless . On the occasion of the election of _Gfficers of the Natioaal Guard , 'the people generally neglected taking' any share in the elections , and reactionary names , in ~ many instances , came out of the electoral urn , — -names oi men who wonld not have been eleoted , if it had not been for the apathy ofthe working classes . ' What wonder that' Only bix weeks after the fall of Royalty , Royalists , Conservatives ofthe old _regime , aristocrats of every description , already threatened the security of the Republio ?' _Notice of the second and moBt interesting of these volumes , —I must postpone till next week .
Brother _Proletarians , Sunday next , the lO . h of December , is the day fixed for the French Presidential eleotion . Before I again _addrejs you this great question will have been decided . The progress of events , and calm rtfiection thereon , Bince I last addressed you on this subjeot , have made no chance in my ideas respecting the several candidates . My voice is still for Ledbu Rollin . My earnest desire still is , that Cataionac _, Lamabit-o * , and 'Mr Special Constable , ' _Boosapartb may be defeated . When , on a late occasion , Cavaiqsao was put'on hisdefeneein the Assembly , for hia conduot in the days of June , he admitted that his plan had been to fight a-battle—not prevent an insurrection , He areued that his plan had been previously discussed
and approved of by Generals Bedeau , _Focchat , and _Lauobicubs . file added that if hU plan had been acted upon in the days of February , or July , 1830 , neither of the revolutions which ousted Louis Philippb and _Chasles X . would have been successful . Of course it must be inferred , that had he had the command of the troopB on those occasions he would have acted on his ' plan , ' and would have slaughtered the people in tbe revolutions of July and February as hedid in the insurrection of June . In the course of his speeoh Cavaignac stated that two million five hundred thousand cartridges Were ex .
pended by the troops in putting down the June insurrection . When the oannon balls , grape shot , and bomb-shells , _bIbo ' expended , ' are taken into account , in connexion with the ball-cartridges , an idea may be formed of _CAVAiGNAcrs -plan , * and of the frightful _masaoiwurtfer for whioh he is responsible . •¦ Cavaioiuc _, in replying to Ledbu Rollin , avowed , in no obscure terms , tbat he totally separated himself from the veritable Republicans . He need not have put himself to the trouble of that avowalthe real Republicans , long ago , separated _themsslve * from him . Cavaionao is an assassin and a traitor .
lie plotted and perpetrated the butchery of the heroes of the barricades , the founders of the Republic * , the starving workmen , _whoise ory was . 'LtTravail ou laMort !' He has _ont-Philipped Philippe . The _oaat-out tyrant betrayed the Poles . But mere than one , two , or three peoples have been betrayed by Cataionac and his gang . Milan and Vienna rise in judgment against tho traitorous brother of _Godbfsoi
_Ca-^ vaiohac : To sum up the measure of Cavaionac's infamy , let it be noted that he has despatched troops to the Roman States to prevent the Roman people establishing a Republic His anxiety to ' protect' the Pops is an ' election dodge * engaged in for tbe purpose of securing the co-operation oi the priests . '* Cavaionac ' s majority in the Assembly _pretflnded to be horror-struck when they heard of the just exeoution of Rossi . Yet those villains passed deoree after decree condemning the working-men of Paris to slaughter and slavery . When Cavaignac defended his ' plan' for massacring the proletarians of Paris , the Assembly applauded him to the echo , yet these sentimentalists are shocked when an enemy of mankind meets his Just reward . 0 i that in every honest hand were placed a whip , To lath the rascals naked through the world J '
Whoever wins , mj earnest prayer isthat Cayahnac may lo § e . Sweet are maby enjoyments , but * RsTtsge •& a _tjrant is sweetest of sill ' Lauartinb lately made a speeoh to the officers of the National Guard ofthe canton of La Chapelle , in the course of which hevindfoated his claims to be eonaidered a good ' Moderate . ' Hear him—' Mode rate ; Citizens-1 confess this crime , and boast of it . I aa still more guilty than they say ; I am aot only so to-day ; I have been so from the first hour ofthe revolution- ' Ten know what political ' moderation ' means , Yoa know that a' Moderate' is one whoee
To The Working Classes.-• Words Are Thin...
poiioy is Ip . _saorifice justice to _expediency , & nd fiho having a great horror of annoy iilg the enemies of tho neopJeyhas no qualms of conscience * about _momog down the classes with grape-shot . _Narvaiz is a _Moderadol ' The 'SpecialConstable , ' , _LouisNamlbonBuokapahtb , has not obtained my geod opinion by . his much lauded but very / empty manifesto . Of , his declaration of ' prinoiples '—a hash for all parties—it maybe truly said—
' 'Tis this , ' tis that , hts t ' other thing , 'lis everything and nothing ' . ' If Frenchmen wish to make themselves ridiculous in the ejes of other nations , they willeleet the' Special Constable . ' , A ciroular has this week appeared in the French Democratic journals , from which I learn , that Ledru Rollin has 6 een re-nominated the Democratic candidate , by a National Electoral Congress of Delegates from Paris , the Bnniieu _, the Corporations of Workmen , the Army , and the Departments . It appears that the delegates , to the number , of 300 , almost unanimously determined to support the candidature of Lbdbu Rollin , ' who had sighed the manifesto of the Mountain , and who had _pledged himself that his
whole life should be dedicated to the work of carrying eut the principles it contained . The oircular is signed oh behalf of the Congress , by the Abbe de _Lamennais , president ; Joly _, the elder , Mathieu ( de lai , Drome ) , Fosseyaux , Baudin , Malapott , Imbert ( de Marseilles ) , _Cahaique , DUverdier , _Deville _, Brives , and Rooher ( de Nantes . ) I regret that this decision of the Congress , which shonld be _coasidered as final and binding upon all sections of the veritable democratio and social reformers , is disputed by the Socialist Democrats of Lyons who protest that thoy will vote for Raspail . This is Bad work : Had I any hope of the election of Raspail , I would rejoice at every vote recorded for him ; but I have no such hope , and , therefore , votes for him 1 shall look upon aB thrown away .
No worthier Eon of Franoe 'exists than . _RA-FAix . Hia hour of triumph will oome , but that heur ib not yet . MayitoomeBpeedily ! At the 'Banquet _Damocratique et-Social des Ecolea , ' Lbdbu Rollin , in proposing the toast' To the Political and Social Revolution , 'said , ' Let those two words be amalgamated . Let us not say Socialism bnt Socialist revolution . Let ub no longer call ourselves by snob or such a name , for one alone can prove our union and our force ; let us call ouraelvesi Revolutionists !' _BRbintR Proletarians , you will say with me "Amen !' You will also join w nh me in earnestly prayiBg that our Frenoh brethren may remember that ' Union is Strength / and act accordingly 1 . Jivela _Republiqueljemocralique et Socidle ! _L'Ami'du Peuple . December ; h . 1818 .
West Riding Election. Thb Day Oi* Nomina...
WEST RIDING ELECTION . Thb Day oi * Nomination —The . writ has been received and proclaimed by tbe Under Sheriff : the llth instant is fixed for the nomination , the Uth and l _? 'h for the poll . —Each candidate is making a tour of the Riding , aad addressing the people inthe great towns . Sir Culling E Eardly bas been at Sheffield , _Barnsley , lludderafield , Bradford , and Wakefield ; and Mr Deniaon at Barnsley , Bradford , and . Wakefield , Neither oandidate has much altered his electioneering position ;—Earl _Fitzwilliam haB published an address in whioh he sayB , thathe does not intend te support Sir Culling . —It ia
_rnmoured that the Char Mats intend to pnt Mr Julian Harney in nomination , and tbat Mr F . O'Coanor , M . P ., will propose him at ' . Wakefield on Monday next .. Mr Harney , who is the accredited editor of the Nobtbbrx Star newspaper , unsuccessfully _oppesed _Lsrd Palmerston for the borough of Tiverton at the general eleotion in 1847 .: Of course , he will only be nominated in order that he , Mr O'Connor , acd some other Chartists , may have the opportunity of making : _speeohes . —Times of Wednesday . . % _s ~ Mr Samuel Kjdd will be the Chartist candidate _.
Representation Of Lynn. Lynn, Dec. 6th.—...
REPRESENTATION OF LYNN . Lynn , Dec . 6 th . —The Tories design the seat rendered vacant by the death of Lord George Bentinck to be filled by tbe son of Lord Stanley .. Cbarti & t opposition h talked of . It is rumoured tkat Mr Julian Harney , Lord Palmeraton _' s opponent at Tiverton , will be brought forward ss a candidate , by the advocates of ths * Six Points . ' Correspondent ,
Electric Light.—-An Open Air Trial Of Th...
Electric Light . — -An open air trial of the new Electric Light was made on Tuesday evening Nov . 28 th , in front of the National Gallery—and Trafalgar Sqtiare shone in its lustre as in tbe light of day . The Nelson Column was rescued from that obscurity which is congenial to its condition of premature desolation , —ani which for one-half of time shrouds it from the exposure of impotence to which for the other it is doomed . If this mode of illumination can be brought practically into use , the pillar must be finished for very shame . Tbe old oil lamps so long beloved in the aristocratic quarter about _Groavenor Square , as an ' ancient institution , ' are now avenged : —what gas did for them it has now to guf .
fer from the new glory . The gas lamps looked as they used to look—like farthing candles in the sunshine . There will be no dim nooks and corners in tho metropolis if this ' new light' prevail . Half the ' mysteries of London' will perish in its beams . The second public experimental exhibition , of the new electric light took pla 2 e on Tuesday night : upen the raised steps forming the entrance to the National Gallery and the Royal Academy . There was a large attendance of scientific gentlemen and noblemen . Upon the summit of tb ? steps a kind of easel was raised , beneath which were , placed the battery and a small lamp . About a foot abore the battery was the light produced burning upon two pieces of charcoal , backed by a single tin reflector , and the . light enclosed within a glass case . The
light produced was . of a most powerful character . The easel on which the machinery was suspended admitted of being turned about , and as its position was altered objects within several hundred yards' distance were rendered as clearly visible as in the light of day , and persons at a considerable distance beyond the Nelson column were enab . _' ed to ' read a newspaper distinct ' ' -. The patentee stated that the light would be pai . _ticularly applicable for lighthouses , and added that the light then exhibiting ( the expense of . which would not exceed a halfpenny an hour ) , if placed at ah altitude with the reflector above it , _wosJd perfectly illuminate an area of ten miles ih circumference and thatit would be possible to produce a light which should illuminate an area of 100 miles .
. Suicide sf a Boy . — -On Monday , an inquest was held at Camberweii , relative to the death of Andrew Browning , aged . sixteen years . Eliza Browning , of-No ; 22 , James Place , Kennington , said the deceased , her son , was a boy of very irritable temper . He had been confined to his bed for a lengthened period , and had suffered great pain from continued illness , for which he had been constantly visited by Mr Unwin ,. the . surgeon , who gave no hopes of saving thedeceased . On Thursday week last witness left home to makea trifling purchase , leaving the deceased in the care of a younger brother , and when she returned the landlady informed her that the deceased had been taking poison .
Witness proceeded r to the bedside , and found Ihe deceased very pale and in great agony . Witness had previously given him a penny , to . buy . . some sweetmeats , which she often did during his illness . Witness asked him why he bad beeu induced to take sugar of lead , and he replied , 'To ease my pain . ' Witness afterwards ascertained that he had sent his brother Robert , nine years of age , to an oil shop keeper ' s , who had supplied the boy with one pennyworth in a paper . The deceased was a strictly moral boy , and in his sickness , by his own desire , had been visited by two clergymen . He was at times delirious , from the severe pains he suffered . Robert Browning the little boy who purchased the
poison , Btated that the deceased gave him a penny , telling him to go and ask for a pennyworth of sugar of lead for washing . The mistress served witness , and told him not to meddle with it , for it was poison . When hejeturned , the _deceased asked for a little warm water in a cup , and told witness to leave the . room . Witness had no . knowledge of what sugar aflead was . Mr J . R . Unwin , surgeon , f Brixton Road , deposed that he was called to see the _deceesed on the'da ' y in question , whom he found iu a stateof collapse . Witness knew what he had taken , and asked hira why he had done so , when he
• aid ' I am tired of my life . ' Witness gave him an antidote , which neutralised the . effects of the poison , and caused vomiting . He never rallied , aud died on the following day frora exhaustion produced by vomiting aud the effeets of the poison , which had clearly accelerated his death . The woman **/ ho sold the poison was next called , and severely reprimanded by the Coroner fer serving so young a child with such a deadly poison . Verdict , ' That the deceased died from exhaustion and sickness , produced by taking sugar ef lead , but what state of mind he . was in at the time they had no evidence to prove . '
A Faot _wobth Recording . —There baa not been a single robbery reported at the Sheffield police-office during the last week aB having been committed within the borough . Suoh a circumstance has never oecnned beforo within the memory of the oldest officer of the force ,
Chester Special Assizes. ¦ * *—. Cnssm ,...
CHESTER _SPECIAL ASSIZES . ¦ * *—. _Cnssm _, Wo _^ esday . ' -rie * : _** ' _$ _[™ _™ _" _< city nnd oounty of Oh _£ w commence-.. _**? , Mfor ? Mr Baron Alderson and M _' i Justice Erfe .
r n C 0 NEP 1 _HACY AND _MISDEMEANOUR : - « rW- l 08 ep 7 ManUe _flged 22 , ? carver , fjWv"d of aS r _, ? _f , of hav W _<•* A- " ** , _w the 8 * ( LtS ' _? _£ Qlly _conapired with _others with _22 _ialS _? KJt 5 _*• _« * ' _** « " _¦• The Attorney General ( Sir John Jervie ) _, Ut _Welsby , and Mr Davidson appearedfortheCrow " The prisoner oonduoted m , defenoe . . The Clerk ofthe Crown read over the indiotment against tbe prisoner , which included tie speeoh ofthe prisoner delivered at Hyde , The epeeoh was read , in « TaM the prisoner urged upon the people to resort to
physioal force for the attainment of the Charter . He disregarded moral force , for it was of no avail . He ordered them to arm themselves with pikes and other arms . The speech went on to Bay that they did not want Prince Albert and the royal children , and that they would send them to Germany to make German sausages , The Queen ' s allowance wastoo much , and also tbat of the Archbishop of Canterbury . which -waa £ 75 , 000 a year , The prisoner then told those of big audienco who were for fighting and using pikes , and putting down the government , ta hold up their hands and give him three cheers . The Attorney-General then rose to state the oase on behalf of the Crown .
Thomas Brown , a police-officer from Hyde , was then examined by Mr Welsby . He said that in tbe month of August last he attended several meetings held on a piece of ground adjoining the Chnitist rooms at Hyde . He was at a meeting on the 8 th of August . There were about 1 800 present . When he gotthere the prisoner was addressing the people . [ The witness here proceeded to read at great length from his notes ef his speeoh , which he took down after getting back to the office . ] The prisoner said that if they wanted the Charter , they must help themselves . He supposed they wished to know when thoy would . get it , but that was the very thing he wanted tbem to tell hini . -Tbey might apply to _Feavjus . O'Connor that they wanted tne
Charier , but , they need not think he could get it for them . Oh ; no , it was they themselves muBt get the Charter , and must be prepared to take it by forcei for be could tell them that the tyrannical government of this country would never grant it them by moral force . No , no moral _forcB for him , but physical force . He therefore desired tbem to arm * themselves and drive tbe tyrants from their seat ? . *? lie said , down with the Church and the State , and the government too , for they were the greatest curse the people of thia country had to contend with , There was only one way to get it without . them , and that was by physical force . If they were organised , let them see their Btrength with the bits' of steel at the end of their staves , Tbat was the way to get the Charter . They wanted no Queen , receivingher _. a year . ( ThiB witness did not hear the Bum ) , nor Prince Albert _reooiTinj _? bis , nor the Archbishop of
Canterbury with his £ 75 . 000 and odd a _yearr- 'He would doit for tbe odd hundreds . If be had a- wig on his head , would he not make as good a bishop as . the Archbishop of Canterbury . He then said , 'We do not want Jack the devil . ' He called Lord John Russell tbe devil , and said , ' Down with them all . ' They wanted no Qaeen , and Prince Albert ; they would put them in a bundle , along with all tbe little princes , and send them to Germany . All that were for fighting and putting down the government , let them signify it by holding up their hands—Here the witness said , nearly all tbe people held up their hands . Tho prisoner then told thera to think of what he had said . It was a Berious thing . Lot them think , think , think—arm , arm , arm—organise , organise , organise—as Dr M'Douall had told them . He also said arm and organise . The witness then further described the language the prisoner used in exciting the people to arm .
Examination continued by Mr Welsby— The people went in procession from the meeting , and on tbe following Monday he saw another procession , many of the people armed with pikes , and several of them were those who had attended the meeting on the S ; h . The prisoner here oontended that he was not upon his trial for having caused that meeting , The Attorney-General—It ia included in the general indictment for conspiracy , and to excite terror in the minds of the people .
Examination continued—On the Monday the people went to the different mills and pulled the plugs out , and stopped the engines ; The witness was here cross-examined at considerable length by the prisoner , as to whether he was sure he had reported his _spscsh correctly . Witness would not swear that he had reported it in the order in which itwas delivered . He might havo transposed Borne of the topic . The meeting was quiet , cut when it broke up he was afraid of "being ill used . The people kept him in the yard for fifteen or sixteen minutes , and v / ould not let him go-.
Some further evidence was produoed , which _olc ; ed the case on the part of the crown , after which the prisoner addressed the jury in his defenca , in a Bpesch whioh occupied two hours and a quarter in the _delivery . He contended that the speech he delivered at Hyde _wcj not illegal , and presoeded to argue upon the right of the people to freedom of speech , Hedenounoed the conduct of government as merciless in instituting the _prossoution against him ; and , after asserting that the principles embodied in the Charter _wei'a alone calculated to secure
th 8 political rights of the people of thia country , he oonoluded a very _defamatory address by calling upon thejury to acquit him of the crime with whioh he was charged . The At _sorney-General having briefly replied , The learned judge summed up the evidence , commenting upon it as he pre _needed , and pointing out the law on the various portions ofthe prisoner ' a defence bearing upon the charge against him . Thejury , after a few minutes' conversation , re turned a verdiot of'Guilty . ' Judgment waa deferred
CONSPIRACY AT HTM . Amos Armitage , weaver ; James Brown , weaver ; Isaac Cheetham _. coal-dealer ; James liall , railway plate layer ; Jonathan Hindle , weaver ; John Ralph , maehine maker ; James' Shore , machine _msher ; Joseph _Sbaworors , and Joseph Done , labourers ; Peter Collier , collier ; Robert Ma ' rkland , nail maker ; Peter _Mattooks , weaver ; Thomas Sohoneld , shoemaker ; Samuel Shaw , tailor ; Isaiah Cheetham , cotton-spinner ; Edward Wilde ( out on biil ) , and Charles Sellers , bobbin turner , were charged with having , at Hyde , on the Uth of August last , unlawfully and seditiously conspired to ievy _insnrreotione , riots , and tumults , and to overthrow the government of the country as by law established , and , to carry out their plans , obtained
large quantities of arms , ammunition , and other _weapouBjand that they did riotously assemble , being bo armed with guns , pistols , and pikes , and commit several breaches of the peace . Daniel Lee , a cotton spinner of Hyde , and who said he had been a Chartist five weeks before the Uth of _Augustlasr , figured aa the government informer . He did his best to prove the charge of conspiracy ; and when asked by the defendants' council where he had been living , since the Uth of August , hesitated to reply ; when the Attorney General said . I may at once say that the witness has been in the custody of a certain speoial high oonstable , whose name 1 do not wish to have disolosed . T . Brown , a police officer , and John Ogden , a watchman , were also examined and this closed the case on the part of the Crown ,
The Attorney General stated that he thought he should not bs failing in his duty to the Crown and tha publio _» f he consented to a verdict of acquittal being taken in the case of _. the prisoner Dane , He did not think the evideneo warranted a conviction . Mr Temple aud Mr Townsend addressed thejury , after whioh the Attorney-General replied : the judge then summed up , _aed tbe jury after an absen ; 3 of an hour from the court , returned with a verdict of Guilty of conspiracy against all the _prisoneij exoept Ralph and Kenyon , whom they acquitted on the ground that they had not I : m seen possessed of armfl . They expressed no opinion as to the riot—Mr _Davidaon , on the part of the crowa , stated that a verdict must be delivered on tberiot . —The jury then left the court , andhad an interview with his lordship , and a little before twelve o ' clook at night they returned a verdict of Guilty of both the conspiracy and riot .
Conspiracy and Riot at Dokknfiild . —J . Wilde ; ootton Bpinner ; J . Leech , piecer ; . W . ' Shepley , piec & r ; tt . Farnworlh , weaver ; J .- Thomas , cotton Bpinner ; T . Greenwood , piecer ; M . Lea , pieoer , J . Smith , piecer ; R . Horvock , S . Sudgeon , labourers ; J . Leigh , cotton Bpinner ; J . _Sugden , labourer ; W . Hewitt , pieoer ; W . Plant , piecer ; C . Keleall _, cotton spinner ; and T . Leech , ( out on bail ) , were indioted for having on the 14 th of August last , and on other days , in the township of _Dukenfield , conspired with arms to raise a riot . The Attorney-General , Mr Welsby , and Mr Davidson appeared for the prosecution ; and Mr Temple defended the prisoners . The prisoners pleaded guilty , and were discharged on entering into their own recognizances to keep the peace for two years , but were cautioned that if they misconducted themselves they would be liable to be oalled upon again .
EENTEHCK OK THE HTDB CHABMSIS . On the application of the Attorney-General tbe prisoners were then plaoed at the bar , Mantle was sentenced to be imprisoned for two years , and at the end of that period , to enter into his own recognizances to keep the peace for two years , himself in £ 100 , and two sureties in £ 25 eaoh . The same ' sentence was passed on the prisoner _Sellona . Hindle , Armitage , Iaaao Cheetham ; Collier , Monkland , and Isaiah Cheetham were sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment , and at the end of that period to enter into recognizances for one year , _themtelves in £ 50 and two _auretieB in £ 20 eaoh . Brown , Schofield , SbaworoHS , Mattox , and Wild , one _year ' fl imprison _, ment , and to enter into recognisances for one year , themselves in £ 40 and two sureties in £ 10 each . Hall and Shaw to be imprisoned for nine months ; and Shore to be imprisoned for two years in the louse of Correction , with hard labour .
Latest Foreign News. Abdication Of The E...
LATEST FOREIGN NEWS . ABDICATION OF THE EMPEROR OP AUSTRIA . . The imperial Idiot , cominorily _eaiied thS fimpero _? of Austria has _abdicated in favour ef hia _nephetv , Fraocia Joseph , ion of Archduke Francis Charier , hii brother . The new Emperor is eighteen _yearl of a _%$ . Tho event took place on the 2 ad inBt .
Dissolution Of The Prussian ' Assembly. ...
DISSOLUTION OF THE PRUSSIAN ' ASSEMBLY . _HmWi _Vto , d , —This night ' s _Pauussicffls _Smah _AkZswbhcontains the Royal , ordonnance for the dissolution ofthe National _Assembly , acd announces a Constitution , the gift of the King . We recommend the Prussians togive both Kin *; snd Constitution asa Christmas present to that ' king of kings , ' his Satanic majesty .
Appalling Sacrifice Of Life On Board A S...
APPALLING SACRIFICE OF LIFE ON BOARD A SHIP . : On Monday evening an appalling communication wm made by telegraph to the authorities at ' the Cflfltle from the Mayor of Londonderry . —The facta ; as given in the Phot , are , in brief , tbat en Friday a steamer left Sligo for Liverpool , having on board 203 human beings , principally _emigrsn _' _s . Sha did not pass ihe bar until Saturday morning , when it came on to blow a severe j * ale . The captain ordered tbe hatobes _, companion , & o „ to be closed and battened down , _leaving unhappily inadequate means of ventilation . In this state the passengers continued all day and night , and the consequenco was , that
want ef air , and the pressure of so many human beings in the hold of a rather small steamer , caused suffocation . Tli 8 result has been the horrible saorifice of seventy human lives . The captain and crew are now in custody in Londonderry , awaiting the result of an inquest . It waa ths course of the _ateamet * ordinarily to oall at that port on her way to Liverpool , and the unhappy passengers were not permitted to escape on deck until the arrival of the steamer at _Moville , within eighteen miles of Deny . The following _letter gives tbe leaBt horrible , and it is to __ be hoped , the tiuest account , of this appalling disaster :
' . 'LoNDOBDEMtr , Dee , 4 . — -Ifc appeared upon tho evidence ef a very credible and respectable _passenger , who-was examined yesterday evening in the town hall , that on last Friday morning- the steamer Londonderry put to sea at Sligo , bound for Liverpool , having on b » ard 203 soak , consisting of 174 steerage passenger ? , three cabin passengers , and the captain and orew—23 in number . Captain JohcBton , who commanded the vessel , was unable to get over ths bar from Friday morning untillate in the evening , from want of water . About twelve o ' clock on Saturday morning a violent Btorm arose , upon which the captain , very _injudioiously , put the whole of the passengers into the steerage , and nailed down the hatches , which prevented anv air or respiration
whatever . From tho great number of individuals huddled together , the heat and perspiration _becama so intense as to cause suffocation . The unhappy sufferers , in this deploreble state , screamed most dreadfully , which dees not _Beem to have attracted the attention of the captain or crew , partly , perhaps , from the violence of the storm . Tfae witness deposed that , seeing that nothing but death waa inevitable , he resolved upon a new project . He ascended a Bhort ladder , and by a great pressure , burst out one ofthe hatches—and it must not ba forgotten that either tho captain or crew pressed a tarpanling lightly round ilia companion , which was preduotive of thB whole reeult . The _witness also deposed tbat having related te the mate the state of the _passeneers , hein return told him that he cared not for the If ith rascal * . At last the orew oomin _? to the hatcher , and taking off the tarpauling , the heat which issued aui ofthe steerage was intolerable , and alraoBt _Btifled them . The unhappy sufferers who survived
were told by the crew tbat they were then in tho river Mersey , and tbe faotwaB that they were in Moville Harbour—a small port , eighteen miles from this city—where they were left withont any medioal aid or inspection , until they arrived in this port on Snnday morning , about eight o ' _clcck . Oaeycung woman wr _? found yesterday among the dead , and sho has been recovered . There are living , and being recovered , 102 _individual , who present tbe most _» _Ppalllne- picture of mi _' eery and _destitution ever _witnes 3 Bd in this oity , _toing , for the greater part , very ragged and poverty-stricken . It appears that several of the persons who are dead were bound for America , and had a good deal of money on their per * son . There are stiJl a host of witnesses to beexamined / Ont of a mass of reports and correspondence on the subject , the following sketch of the inquest held on the body of « ne of the sufferers , is frora the Banker op Ulster : —
* Dbrry , Sabbath evening , at six p . m . — -At six o ' clock tbia evening there were Bi ** ty-eight dead bodies carried out ofthe hold , acd it was supposed then they were not all out . A coroner ' s inquest was held this afternoon , and from the evidenca it appears that the unfortunate creatures were stowed down in the hold , and to prevent the sea ? water from lashing into the hold , the hatches wera put down ; and , it is supposed , to prevent tbo unfortunate beings from making their way back again the hatches were spiked down with a tarpanling , to tbe total exclusion of air , which must soon and most certainly , terminate in the death of all . After the inqueat , the captain ( Captain John-Bton ) , the _whele crew , engineer , enginemen , and all handa engaged on board , were led _/ ed in gaol , and meat likely they will be examined before tha
magistrates to-morrow . The wretched survivors were placed in the Corporation Hall , and food was forwarded to them by order ofthe magistrates . To _witneBB suoh a pile of dead bodies ns one of the stores of the Scotch steamboat company presents , would wring tears from tha most hardened , and almost frighten the spectator from the scene . Wa ! it ' r ns are beie S _Prepared for the dead . ' Ihe _following is the substance of the evidence of a witness examined at the inquest : — ,. Af _* _, remaining a couple of hours at tbe Pool , the vessel proceeded on her passage ; went below at one o clock on Saturday morning by the command ot the captain ; was the last man who wont below ; alter remaining half an honr below , began to feel a great sense of suff -cation , occasioned bv ths lares
numoer of steerage passengers in the forecastle without any ventilation whatever , which was greatly inoreased bp the circumstance of one of tbe passengers having accidentally ignited a box of luoifer matches ; with the greatest difficulty from weakness , and the number of people lyincr on and about him , made his way to a place where he got a little air , which revived him sufficiently to enable him to force his way on deck ; he then found tbat the companion bad been completely olosed by a tarpauling ; on making his way to a seaman he waa met by enrses and ordered below , with threats that be would otherwise be thrown overboard ; had great difficulty in getting the mate to aa IdnwrL
wnen they found a large proportion of the _passen * _gera suffocated . Withes * then assisted them to get out all the passengers showing signs of life ; the vessel arrived at this port about nine o ' clock thia morning , having arrived in the Lough yesterday evening , but was _unablo to proceed up the Lougb . Ihe oaptain waa not to be Been for three er four hours after the circumstances above alluded to were discovered . Livsrpooi , Wednesday- — Captain Coppin , of Barry , arrived here from that city this morning . He crossed over by the Belfast steamer last night . He was present when the dead bodies wero removed from tho steamer to the sheds , and says that it took three hours and a half to do so ; and that , aa putrefaction had set in , the _smell was so offensive that ha had to send for spirits to giro the men to _keep thera
in a state of half drunkenness , ; to get them to go below . The _plncein whioh the poor creatures met tbeir untimely end waB about twenty feet long , fourteen feet wide , and seven feet high . It had capaoity for about thirty passengers , but so crowded was it that the dead lay four deep on the floor . Captain Coppin also attributes the suffocation to the faot of a tarpsnlia having boon thrown over the companion to keep the water out . A little girl v & _s saved who waa coming to her father at Liverpool ; the rest of the family , nine in number , were with her , and all exoept herself perished . S ' rong men , aa well as wo _^ en nnd children , were among the victims , and their efforts to escape _appsar to have been great , one man ' s coat being torn _completely from the sleeves in his unavailing attempts * to obtain deliverance .
Among the melancholy soeneB was a father brought _upwith his child in his arms , clinging to each other as if the embrace of death had not _reached them . Ihore were also wives holding by their _husbanda . sisters seemingly flying for protootion to their-brothers , and the last Jong ling _.-ring look of affection wag stamped on their _ceiniienances when the stern cold handa * _^ _ato . had seized them . The inqueat closed on "Wednesday mornicg , with a verdict of Manslaughter ' against the mastor and mates of the Londonderry Bteamer , in wh ' ch seventytwo human beings perished by suffocation . The _followingistheverdict : ' — 'We find that death waa
caused by _soffjoation , in consequence of the gross is negligence aad total want of the usual and necessary y caution on the part of the captain , Alexander John- _a-Bton ; Richard Hughes ,, firat mate ; and Kinan tn , Crawford , second mate ; and we therefore find them ox guilty of Manslaughter : and we further consider _ift i _& i our duty to express in the strongest _hrms our ab- b- ¦ borrence of the inhuman condnct of tbe remainder of of ; the seamen on board on the melancholy occasion ; i ;; and this jury beg to call the attention of proprietors : rai of steam boats to the urgent necessity of introducing * g ; some more effectual mode of ventilation in tha hai steerage , and also affording better accommodation to to i tho poorer olasses of passengers . '
Libbratiorf Cr J ( R. Bambb. Esq.—Mr Bax...
LiBBRATiorf cr J R . Bambb . EsQ . —Mr Baxter , " er ,, the proprietor of tbe Dundaik Patbiot , has been li- liberated from the county gaol ot Dundaik , where ta ta had been imprisoned , under the suspension of 4 ! i ( til Haben Corpus Aet , for the last four _tcontha . _]
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 9, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09121848/page/5/
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