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TO THE TRADES.
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Gentlemen, I have read the account of yo...
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' ' - ; - - _ S' /^ ~y^*~-— ; AND NATION...
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1 wi, m p. wt umoii.iiiTir-MT.tmM^m, :i»...
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MR. KYDD'S TOUR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE NO...
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< £t}AVt$t intelligence
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THE EMMETT BRIGADE TO THE CHARTISTS AND ...
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Tut Exhci-rv - : CoMMiTTBEof the Nationa...
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NOTTINGHAM. MR. O'CONNOR'S LETTER " TO T...
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TO MESSRS. SAUTER, D EXTER MA.LTBY, PROCTOR, RODGERS AND BARBER.
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THE VICTIMS. AN ADDRESS OF THE WEST RIDI...
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LATEST NEWS. Cobonbb's Inquest.-—The inq...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Trades.
TO THE TRADES .
Gentlemen, I Have Read The Account Of Yo...
_Gentlemen , I have read the account of your Wednesay ' s meeting , held in the Hall of Cornmeroe , ; hreadneedle-street , with surpassing pleasure , _iccause from it I gather the feet that you are _[ owahouttotake a step in the right direction ; _rhUe the question of Free Trade , in its several -bases , is being agitated according to the _sereral interests of different parties , you have _aJ-en it up as a -whole , hy combining land , * mamfectures and education . ;
Thclaudlord agitates the question solel y as ne of rent ; while leaning upon his oligarchical _rutch , he will not condescend to establish his * _-n altered position upon just as good and _nere sound and firm basis as before Free Trade -as established . If he consented to the reaction of our navy and military _establishncnts , the sweeping away of the Civil List , o m ating religion voluntary—or rather , the lavment for spiritual service voluntary—the mtirc disbandment of a police establishment , _mly rendered necessary to preserve his asendancy by force , the reduction of the salaries
fall officials to that standard established b y ltercd circumstances , which would enable fiem to maintain their social position , and to ye just as luxuriously , the prices of all the reduce of Labour being reduced ; and tothe -duetion of the interest upon the National > cbt to that standard which would enable the uidholder to procure as much of the necesjrics and luxuries of life , _according to theieuccd standard of prices , as ne could formerl y rocureforthe larger amount ; and be
itrelembered , that -when the National Debt -was 3 iitracted , that the amount of interest stipuitedto be paid to him would not procure for iinthesameamountof produce , ofcitherlandor _uinnfactored goods than one-half that amonnt ould procure for him now . . _Undjet _^ _hfiSA rcumstances do yoahpM it to _Wib _ t £ 61 _^ - _ im iat a Reformed ParKament should pay sixty lillings in the pound npon a debt _contracted t a Parliament that voted itself profligate , nthrifty , and corrupt , in 1832 , and the more specially when that debt is paid wholly by the _ibourers of the conntry ?
Let me show you the altered position of a adholder , say in 1812 , ' 13 , 14 , or ' 15 , dering £ 100 a-year , or any amount , from the nds , at that time , as compared -with bis preut positou . His flour , a principal ingredient 'life , he will get for a third of the price that paid then ; his stockings , shirts , drawers , icket-handkercniefs , for less than a fourth of eprice ; his woollen clothing at the slopops which compete against the labourer , at third of the price ; his meat at half the « e his butter and cheese at less than half e price ; his boots , shoes , and hats at about
alf the price ; Ms furniture at less than half he price ; his wines , spirits , and luxuries—¦ hichhemayormay not nse—at a considerbly reduced price ; his rent , in consequence f the competition in the building trade—all fleeting every hranchof your trade—at a conidcnibly reduced rate . He can travel three rules by an omnibus for threepence , instead of jiving three -shillings for an old hackney each he can hny his newspaper for fivelence , instead of sevenpence . Now that alone , pheis a politician , -would save him £ 2 12 s . 2 d .
year , or nearly the interest upon £ 100 ; and ien , instead of paying in fare , coachman and laids , over £ 6 for going to Manchester in _renty-four hours , he can now go there more miiortably , and in better company , in a third ass train , in less than ten hours , for one-Tenth of the money ; so that in that alone ? trill save over £ o , and fourteen hours' time _, ben if he received even one letter in the week , would amount to £ 2 12 s . a year , as e average rate of postage would be about shilling - whereas he could now receive an ual number for 4 s . 4 d .
_YTcll , then , ifthe interest npon the funded ibt was reduced even by one-third , leaving e fundholder in a better position , it would oount to as mnch as the whole of Mr . _Cob--» ' s proposed reduction . And I tellyou now , at the Government is precisely in the same : _uation as any other trader , and the ndholder is in precisely the same situation _i any other creditor of a trader , and at now it is all humbug to talk of prerring intact that national faith which was _ised upon the faith of Protection , which was e keystone of the arch .
Gentlemen , I have very frequently shown u that prices in the retail market are not ways measured by those in the whole-1 c market , and , without travelling back to e war times , let me measure my assertion by period -within every man ' s knowledge , _Tieatuow averages , about forty-five shillings e quarter , and during the summer of 1847 was one hundred and twenty shillings a larter . "Well , the price ofthe quartern loaf _> w 1 put down lowly at 6 d ., while at no time -ring the summer of 1847 , while wheat was arry three-times the price , did the quartern
af reach ls . Id ., so that measuring the retail tide by the present wholesale price , the lartern loaf should not be more than 4 £ d . ; ins I show yon that the baker cheats yon out " twenty-five per cent in the article of bread tone . Xow tins would not be the case if , according > the proposition of Mr , "JYaiton , a large amber of consumers weretheir own producers _, ou must observe that , although I acquiesce : the principle propounded by Mr . _Waiton ,
do not adopt his numerical scale of 1 , 000 milies , nor shall I assume that he means to op there ; but -what I wish to bring your and to bear especially upon is this , that if _) u have Free Trade " in everything else , you ust have Free Trade in Land as the only > ssible means of employing the otherwise Burns population , whose wages are measured by ie destitution of honest millions , constituting i idle competitive reserve . Gentlemen , let me now call your attention , Firstl y , to the justice of Free Trade in
Secondly , to the reason why Free Trade in and is resisted . And , Thirdly , the effect that Free Trade in Land ould have npon all classes of society . Firstly . —As to its Justice . Suppose Protecon to have enhanced the value of Land , and 5 > eal of that protection to diminish its value , m we not furnish precedent from -State nessity , national requirement , and from what
* > _prietors of other properties have been cornfled to submit to ? - Suppose , then , a large ship-owner to have vested thousands , or hundreds of thousands , ships , npon the faith of the Navigation aws , as framed when he embarked in the leculation . His "property , by the alteration ithe Navigation Laws , will be incalculably duced in value .
Suppose a large sugar , tea , coffee , or spirit iporter to have a large capital invested in ose articles , and a large reduction in dnty , rich would reduce the price ofthe artiele , to ke place ; what , in such case , is the justificam ? Why , that individual interests must re way to national requirements . Bnt-why it not so with the Land ? Simpl y because , twithstanding the Eeform BilL Land is still verned by the old . feudal system : the _landt _is have contracted debts , entered into engements aud-contracts , made marriage
setanents and provision for younger . children , Km national faith , based npon Protection , ule traders were not exactly in the same situiod . _Wftle possessing the reins _ofgovem-Mt , they quartered their younger children on the industry of the country— 227 Peers LV the presentation to nearly 3 , 000 hvings ; e Army , _Kaw , Ordnance , Civil List , lurch , Police , Customs , Excise , Legal _Job-!| _ft _Comniissionershi ps , - and Colonial -Sees are _allafc iheie disposal , and , therefore , P Weihe fet and the lean . Between the r ** whb of ihe dilemma , the . abolition of
Gentlemen, I Have Read The Account Of Yo...
Protection reduces the value of their estates and makes their liabilities more oppressive while the adherence to patronage furnishes a means of famil y support ; and thia is the reason why , -while submitting sulkily to Free Trade , they adhere pertinaciousl y to that extravagance , the abolition of which would level the waters . _Serondft ' . —The reasons why Free Trade in Land is resisted are , because the landlords are , ' in a great measure , the mere nominees of large farmers , who dread the subdivision , ' lest the value in the retail market should enhance
the value in the wholesale market ; that is the landlords' reason : the manufacturers' reason is , lest free labour , in the free labour market , should establish the standard of wages in the artificial market : and the working man's _objection*—or rather his want of energy- —ari * 4 e 9 from the fact that , in too many instances , bis whs—an artificial creature- —has been trained to an artificial life , and prefers the buzz , the clatter , and the news , the glittering shop window , and the gin palace , to a comfortable home surrounded by her family , and supported by the free labour of her husband . In proof of this I can assure you , that « ome < Jf the best
_w _^ paate-npon the several _estates belonging to the" Land Company have been dispirited , disheartened , and banished , b y the continuous tormenting and dissatisfaction of . the artificially-trained wife . But , nevertheless , all will adopt it at last . Thirdly . —The effect that Free Trade in Land would have upon all classes of society would be—notwithstanding Free Trade—to increase the value of Land , and thereby to increase the value of every other property in the kingdom ; but , above aU , the greatest and most valuable property—Labour , when the Land was thrown open to the competition of that large and influential class .
Now , letme place _thesituation of an operative clearly before you . Would not the operatives of England be too happy- if tbeir _mast--. rs entered into a contract to allow them four days ' work in every week throughout 'he year and measure the wage- * _, at two shillings and sixpence a day , or _fifxec-Ti shillings a week ? Surely , thee , it the lat > ourof the hired labourer is -worth two shillings and sixpence a day to the employer , it is worth as much to liimself ; and see what the denial of work for two days in the week entails upon him . Five shillings a week—the amount of wages he loses for the two days—amonnts to £ 13 a year , which would pay the rent of the best cottage and
four acres of the best land purchased by the Land Company . It would pay the rent of eig ht acres of land , purchased at £ 40 an acre , at four per cent , upon the outlay . Gentlemen , succeed to-morrow in getting a million , or half a million acres of Land—and mind , scores of millions have been stolen from you—and you may give the Government a guarantee that there -will not be an unemployed labourer in England . "What surplus belonging to the building trade and to agriculture , could you not employ ? while I have frequentl y shown you that their employment would g ive vitalit y to every branch of Labour , trade , and _commerces—and to this you must come at last .
I have shown you the difference between the wholesale price of flour and the retail price of bread ; and I will now show you the difference between the wholesale and retail rent of land . Take a thousand acres of land , let to a farmer at a pound an acre , and subdivide it Into farms of five , ten , fifteen , or twenty acres , and in twenty-four hours yon will have it tenanted by free labourers , and industrious
tenants , at thirty shillings an acre—not a defaulter during the whole of life—and at the end of seven years not an occupant would take £ 3 an acre for it ; and then , instead of grumbling at a splendid cottage—the like of which he never lived in , or expected to live in—he would live underground in a cave—take lodgings two , three , four , or five miles off—until , out of his own industry , he erected himself a house .
You may ask , why do landlords object to receiving £ 1 , 500 a-year instead of £ 1 , 000 ayear for that estate ? My answer is—because they fear that the increased rent might lead tothe abolition of power which secures patronage . Again , you may ask why the farmers object to pay 1 , 0001 . a-year for a farm worth 1 , 500 ? The answer is—because they cultivate it in a slovenly manner , because they do not employ a sufficient amount of labour to produce tiie largest amount of profit . And again I remind you , that if a large farmer pays five shillings an acre more than the value of a thousand acres of land , it increases Ms
rent by 250 / . a-year , or , at four per cent ., would pay the interest upon 6 , 250 / . capital ; while it wonld not signify a -straw , at the end of ten years , whether a- small tenant paid 21 . or 21 . 5 s . an acre for four acres of land . The more he had to ' pay , the mofe'industrious he would be . I Could enlarge to an almost unlimited extent upon tbis subject . I rejoice that you have adopted the principle , and that you have sent your petition to Sir Robert Peel . But , mind , although the folly of to-day is the wisdom of _to-morrowj-the Honourable Baronet must not " rob . me of my laurels , as next week I . will supply you with an extract from a letter addressed to the Irish landlords
npon the subject of Free Trade , and published in the " Star" ofthe 17 th of July , 1841 , _recxkmmending the identical policy now adopted by Sir Robert Peel . Gentlemen , as the Honse of Commons is almost exclusively governed by precedent , let me now call your attention to the manner in which the landlords , both Eng lish and Irish , dealt with the highest description of property —I mean Church Property . Formerly , tithes were paid in kind—that is , the parson took the tenth sheaf of corn , the tenth cock of hay , and the tenth rod of potatoes , as his share of
the produce ; thus partaking of all casualties and calamities to which the crop was liable . Now that was the ancient system of paying the Church ; but since those , good old times , tithes have been commuted into a rent-charge , andnow the parson receives his tithes according to an average p rice of seven years . According to the first mode , he took his share m all chances , his tenth rod of sound potatoes , or his tenth rod of rotten _potatoefs—now he is benefitted by a calamity , as the loss from damage or failure increases the price . or the remaining producehoweverit is stiU a corn of
; , rent , payable upon the _^ verage price corn for seven years ; and again I _««* -7 0 U » what can be more- feir , just , eqmtable , or proper , than that * _4 be _laudlords' demand should be regulated by-the same standard that established the elaim of the Church , that is , by a corn rent ? that is , that he should receive his due proportion of the produce of the land , being co-partner with the tenant , but upon very unequal terms , as the rent of the landlord does not amonnt to a fifth of the expenditure and liabilities of the tenant . ; yet , according to the _ni-esent svstemthe tenant is obliged to
, vote for the landlord or surrender his feim , while the landlord , represents hiinself . . Thus the tenant , representing five-sixths . of the property , is not represented , _whfle "the _landlord representing one-sixth , ia represented . ' " . "'"'
Gentlemen, I Have Read The Account Of Yo...
Gentlemen , it is very easy to boast of prophecies that never were made ; but' now allow me to call your attention to propositions of none , which stand npon the journals Ot the House of Commons since 1833 . Here they are : — "To move for leave to bring in a BiU to compel Irish landlords to give leases for ever at a coni rent ;' and in all cases where hinds are now held upon lease or accepted proposal , and are considered too dear , _tdgive to the tenants of such lands the right of _appeaiirij * to a jury , who shaU
establish the value in like manner fas the value of private property is now ascertained , when required by lhe Crown , or legal " - / authorised corporations , or individuals , for national or private purposes . "; "For leave to bring In a bill to make legal provision for the poor of Ireland . " " For leave to bring in a Bill to consolidate > / the several Stamp Acts now in force in Ireland . " "Bor leave to bring in a Bill for the better regulation of Quarter Sessions Courts in Ireland , with a view of making those courts cheap courts of equity , as well sis courts of law , whereby cheap justice might be brought home to the door of every poor maa . *'
" To move a . resolution ofthe House , that it is desirable , as well for the ends of justice as for the tranquillity of Ireland , that all clergymen , being magistrates , should bo deprived ofthe Commission ofthe Peace . " Now those are the measures that I contended for in 1833 and ' 34 , and I shall conclude this letter with three extracts from my letters to the Irish landlords , the one _gohriBhM"oTqPtBe 10 th of July , 1841 , was is _follbvte : _^ - " - "Tou can be all robbed ih less than six weeks , though you had the Court , the _Jiords , and the Commons with you ; and then yon would be thrown into revolution with the fundholder , the . _pai-son _, the mortgagee , the simple contract creditor , your moth * -, your brothers , your sisters , and your dependents , who will be as loth to give up their grasp upon their monopol y , as you have been to surrender yours . Judge , then , in which ' situation you can best arbitratewhether before or after transfer . "
The nest is from the paper of the same date , and is as follows : — " 1 mention these things to warn you of your danger—to alarm you of the thief s approach—to rouse you to action , in order that , profiting Toy the pourtrayal of your own _foUy and the folly of others , you may take the means of doing , gratuitously for yourselves , that which if left undone by you wiU be done by rougher hands ; for done , believe me , it wiU be , and that right speedily . My Lords and Gentlemen , pray , pray , pray keep that one feature full in view—THAT DONE IT MUST BE , and , therefore , the _ni _* . _i * i \ on Is , WHO SHALL DO IT ?" The last ! s from ihe " Star" of the Uth of July , 1841 . _i-iul is as follow ?
:--• 'My Lonis aud _Goiiuem-,. _* . -- _Poliiicai Econ _?**!* . '"' has 1 _"t . _tiiuli . y _, " : ia < l , _ixiievesne _, that the _y-oliHcal _economic : will never rest _ir . ; i _> _iic-ltiUUH * y .-. _i-. iki-you cn-ints in _yo - e-vn houses , stewards to your own estates , anil begg :., a f _t-Mii the Pole , the . Turk , the Russian , the Prussian , * r . 1 the Americua , upon your own land . They wish foplaceyuu upon the shop-board , makine ; breeches and coats , which the foreigner may or may not purchase according to convenience ; while they would make you dependents upon the foreigner for that which you must have three times a _dayj OF Starve , or do that which , I am quite lure , you never could bring yourselves to , at you have transported thousands upon thousands for the same—STEAL . "
Now my letters to the Irish landlords were written from York Castle in 1841 , all upon the subject of Free Trade and its consequences , so you have my warning voice to them , and my propositions submitted to the House of Commons in 1833 , while you will recollect that at the close of last Session I gave notice of a motion , the object of which was to attach to each workhouse a sufficient quantit y of land to employ the Labour of the unwilling idlers , and to divide the profits amongst them .
GentIemen , _'I always looked upon theTrades of England as the great stumbling-block in the way of national improvement ; I now look upon them as pioneers in the march of Progress . Do not mind the potato rot , the corn blight , the love of women for gin palaces , and the love of some drones for idleness . Open the market for industry , and then appoint me FLOGrGrER GENERAL of the willing idler , and you may depend upon it that I will not spare the whi p and spoil the child , but that I will administer a sufficient amount of counter-irritation tothe
back to give vitality and spring to the legs and arms , and a well-stocked larder for the stomach , as the result . Go on , then—do not stop short of thc mark ; and if trade should get brisk , and your leaders should desert you , let the volunteers carry on the war of Right against Might—of Justice against Injusticeof Knowledge against Bigotry . and Intolerance —of Profitable Induatry against Unprofitable Idleness . Tour cheerful co-operator and obedient servant , Feargus O'Connor .
' ' - ; - - _ S' /^ ~Y^*~-— ; And Nation...
_ _/^ ~ y _^*~ _- — ' ' AND NATIONAL TRADES' _JOORNAL _.
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Mr. Kydd's Tour. To The Editor Of The No...
MR . KYDD'S TOUR . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN SUR . Dbar Sir , —Since I last wrote , I have attended meetings continuously , almost night after night . During my yisitto Liverpool last week , at the close of my first lecture on Financial Reform , Mr . Broderip , a leading member ofthe Council ofthe Liverpool Financial Reform Association , offered a series of remarks on the character of the body whose interests he represented . He said the Association was not at all political in its nature , although , no doubt r important political results would follow from its existence . The members of the society , with whom he was personally acquainted , were to . a man in favour of extending the suffrage . The propriety of
linking the sunrage and a reduction of taxation together , and making such a junction * the basis of their propaj-andism , had been seriously and deliberately discussed by the council—the suffrage portion had , after mature consideration ! . been abandoned , although— -judging from the debate on Mr . Cobden ' s motion—he was of the opinion that widening the basis of the House of Commons would , after all , have to be the preliminary towards any important curtailment of financial extravagance . As for Mr . Cobden ' s measure , viewed by itself , was not worth an wfort . . Mr . Cobden was not the representative of the Liverpool Financial Reform Association . He ( Mr" . Cobden ) had declared his approval ofa reduction of taxation of some £ 10 , 000 , 000 , and they
( the-Council of the Financial Reform Association took advantage of such declaration to popularise the principles they advocated . This was a full explanation of the connexion between the member for the West Riding and the Liverpool Financial Reformers . A conversation ofsome length , between myself and Mr . Broderip , was continued , the nature of which the reader will easily surmise from the foregoing remarks . I never wish to meet a more honourable political friend or opponent than Mr . Broderip ; and I hope the mere surface Reformers j who are at present braying , like a well-known quadruped when his ears are tickled with a straw , will profit by the emr phatic and sensibledeclaration , "Mr . Cobden ' s measure _, bv itself , is not worth an effort . "
One feature in the composition of the Chartist body is worthy of notice . It is the great accession of youths , from eighteen to twenty-five years of age . These young men , full of energy and courage , have grown to manhood within a few years . They are the pupils of the agitation of 1839 , and of 1842 , uniting buoyancy and hope . . What may not those young men accomplish if they continue to devote their minds to the study of questions of social , political , and literary interest ? The old will die out , but the young , like the sapling , will grow , sturdy with years Never had youth such opportunities as the young men of this time . Europe full of revolution and change , the industrial mismanagement of their own country increasing perplexity , and proving the incapacity of her present rulers , are all fields for lessons fraught with importance and Interest . Let me ask our young men to go on in this good work , and
endeavour to get others to aid them . Countrymen , forsake now and for ever , the allurements of dusipation , trifling , and what is miscalled pleasure , for the nobler ambition of saving your " country , for on you rests the future fate of milhons . . The audiences attending my lectures in Mancheater increase rapidly . On Sunday evening last , the People's Institute waB filled at one penny admission . This is a great change in a few weeks , and is attributable to no excitement ofa political kind , it is the calm and steady march of mind that neyer . retroeades , and a tribute of respect to the great _pnnci-Dles-bf which I am the humble advocate . . _casHreand Yorkshire will ' send delegates toTod-S £ on Sunday , the 18 th , so that we may be enabled to reflect on the past , and , if possible , do something for the better time _> ooming . , 8 ¦ 1 f as ever your obedient servant , ¦
am , , _ «» , « r Samuel Kydd . PS—All parties desirous of my services must write to Mr . T . Ormesher , 52 , Little _Bnflgewater * street , _Deansgate _, Manchester . . _* , _* ..
≪ £T}Avt$T Intelligence
< _£ t _} AVt _$ t _intelligence
The Emmett Brigade To The Chartists And ...
THE EMMETT BRIGADE TO THE CHARTISTS AND DEMOCRATS OF MARYLEBONE AND _PADDINQTON .
• " Awake , arise , or be for ever fallen !" _Br-sthbe _?—We , who have adopted that martyred noblo . of _iiature , Robert Emmett , as our " patron saint " : again invoke your _. atd—again , inthe aimeof injured hu _* -aanity- ragain , in the name of thai jastice on which the base oppressor haa dared to _sftufo his iron heel , call on you to rally to the _riorieus ew of " The People a Charter , " and to convince the base , treacherous Whigs thattheir system of espionage is bootless—that their employment ofthe Powells and Barratts has gained them nought but ignominy—that , dauntless as ever , you will rally round our peaceful banner , raising high the glorious watchwords : _«« Liberty , Equality , Fraternity !"
Remember , tnat _tnthout the _fjanohise—without political equality— we are slaves v-remember , too ; that , there are many victims to Whig espionage , whose wives and children , without your aid , will pine and suffer in want , misery , and wretoEedness . ShaU such things be ? . No ! a thousand times ~ . No Let your unity , philtothropy , and love of justice forbid it , ye _admljera of the * dauntless Rlbert Emmett ! Theiiy _^ af _^ _Agaiu ,. and- enrol your _^ _U-os under _thetanner that ' still waves proudly . _ijafMle * J , " The National Cfeafter Association . " Remember your oft-repeated vow *** '" the Charter and No Surrender , " Small aid from each unit , banded _toijethor
m countless myriads , mustWaueve a great , a glorious victory over the combined forces of tyranny , injustice , and oppression . Up , then , with spirit , you men of Marylebone and Paddington ! Show that ye possess _fraternitythat ye are determined on Liberty—that political Equality shall prevail ; that you , ait least , win "bid the world go free ; " that you are determined to run a race of emulation , and , if possible , furnish forth the man who , duly appreciating the motives of Robert Emmett , shall , with his free hand—amid the shouts of enfranchised millions—inscribe the epitaph on bis now uninscribed tomb .
Signed , on behalf of the Emmett Brigade , Samuel Mukden , Chairman John Allen , Secretary . Cricketers' Arms , Boll-street , Marylebone , March , 1849 .
Tut Exhci-Rv - : Committbeof The Nationa...
Tut _Exhci-rv : CoMMiTTBEof the National Charrer . _A-jioeiatioi- met at their rooms , _l-ii , Tli Holbovn , 011 Friday evening ln ? i s March tlK ' 20 . Mr . Thomas Clark iii thi- - . 'liair . . A _oominunir . _'ariori _xvas R- ' id'from _Gimgtw , _siirned X' }* _riii . _can . _ShW'i'ingt-Mi , approving of tlie .. _proposed Chartist ' _poiic-j .- " .-Mi-Fusson attended . as a deputation from _Fint-llm-y , to request the ; Cotamittee to call into . existence the Metropolitan Delegate * Council ,, and , on tho motion of Mr , M' 6 _** athi _$ he subject was ordered to-be taken into' consideration at the next . meeting . — Application was made from Ashford , Kent , for the missionaries' services ; -to propagate . Chartism in that district : to which the assistant-secretary -was instructed to reply . —The list of council submitted bv
Mr . John Jackson , of Manchester , was ordered to be added to the list . The assistant-secretary was instructed to inquire relative to a place for holding public meetings in tho borough of Finsbury , and the Committee adjourned . West-Ridino . Deles axe Meeting . — A special West-Riding delegate meeting was held at Dewsbury , on Sunday last , for the purpose of devising measures to more effectually organise and agitate the West Biding . Mr . Alderson of Bradford , in thc chair . —Delegates from the following places were present : Leeds , Bradford , _Dewsburv , _Heckmondwike , Huddersfield , Honley , Holmfirtii , and Battley .
The following resolutions were agreed to : " That in order the moro effectually to arouse public attention to the importance of our principles , it is expedient that a local lecturers' plan be drawn up ; the expense to be . borne by . 1 general fund raised for that purpose . "— " That the secretary correspond with the various localities not represented at this meeting , and get a list of the persons able and willing to assist in this work . "— " That this meeting stand adjourned to Sunday * the 18 th instant , at Mr . Alderson ' s Room , Rutterworth _' s Buildinggj Bradford , in order that those districts which have not taken the matter up may bave time to do so .
National Registration and General Election Committee . —A meeting ofthe above body was held at the " Two Chairmen , " Wardour-street , Soho , on Monday evening last . Mr . John Simpson in the chair . The address to the Chartists of Great Britain was brought up , read , recommitted , and ordered to be brought up again at the next meeting , on Monday next . —Mr . Ailnutt attended as a deputation from Finsbury , to request that the committee should be extended , whereupon it was resolved , — " That this committee recommend to the various
localities in and around the metropolis to nominate some of their most active members , at their next meeting , from which nominations the vacancies , from various causes , shall be filled up . " The committee then adjourned to Monday evening , March 12 th , at eight 0 clock . Nottinqham . —At meetings held at the " Newton ' s Head , " the " Seven Stars , " the " Colonel Hutchinson , " and the "Byron Ward" localities , votes of thanks were given to F . O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . for the borough of Nottingham , for his admirable speech in opposition to the Habeas Corpus Act Suspension Bill .
HalifaX . _-t-A general meeting was held on _^ Monday evening la § t ; jhi . the Working Man ' s Hall , to examine the last , gjuiarter's account and elect a new council .. ' . Messrs . , Edwards ,. Burrows , and Binns audited the accounts , wliich wero passed unanimously , and a vote _pfthahks given to the late council for their _services during the past quarter . The following person ** , -jvere mianimously elected as the council for ihe . _neft -three - months : —J . Edwards , B . Wilson , . E . " B . Burrows , ' Alex . _Stradlin , _WMaud , Wm . Lancaster , EV Hooson , J . CliSsett , president ; J . Crossland , vice-president and corresponding secretary ; J . Binns , financial secretary ; and Mi Hirst , treasurer , The minutes of the preliminary meeting of Lancashire and Yorkshire , held in the Heyrod-street Institution , Manchester , were
read and discussed . The following resolution was unanimously agreed to : — " That we call a delegate meeting of this district to be holden at Nichols ' s Temperance Hotel , Broad-street , at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon of Sunday , thc llth inst ., to take into consideration the propriety of electing a delegate or delegates to represent this district in thc forthcoming delegate meeting of Yorkshire and Lan cashire , to be holdeia at Todmorden , on Sunday , the 18 th bf March , ' arid that the following places be requested to send delegates , ' viz ; : —¦ Halifax , Sowerby Helm , Sowerby Longroyd , Queonshead , Lordship , Mixenden , Wheatley , Warley , Warley Edge , Kingcross , _EilimdJStamland , and Midgley . —J . _Ckoss-LANPi _Secrert'ty . ' . Oablisle _^' t-A district delegate meeting of the Chartists of Cumberland , was held here on Sunday ,
March 4 th . af . _'JJfc 6 ; John-street , _Caldawgate . Delegates -were _presi' ent from Dalston , Cummersdale , and Kingston . * "PHe workmen at the manufactory of Messrs . _Chamber-sand Co ., and others , were represented by membereof the council . On tbe motion of Mr- Lowry ,. James Heaton was called to the chair ; John Gilberts _' _Ofi ; acted as secretary , and stated that he had written to the various places in the . district , wishing them io instruct their delegates how to advise , should a' 0 _ohvention be finally determined upon by the Executive Committee , and a delegate be called from this district , and also what amount of money was likely to be subscribed for the support ofthe game . —A letter was read from Cockermouth , giving no very , cheering account of Chartism in that place , owing to the ' poverty consequent upon
depression of trade , and ascribing much of it to the effects of Free Trade . One was also read from Penrith , stating that they could not conveniently send a delegate to the district meeting , but they would abide by the decision of that meeting , and if a Convention was called , they would subscribe their share of ihe expense . The delegates present then gave . in the reports of the opinions of those whom they represented , after which Mr . Lowerby moved the fo ' lowing resolution - _*••• That a delegate be sent provided the means be procured , and that the money be collected and brought in this day month , to which time this meeting be adjourned . '" --Mr .
Gilbertson mov _^ d , and James Montgomery seconded : — " That ,. _ffte > . hearing the report of the different persons . present , upon the subject ofa delegation to London , . tha delegates . and members of the council endeavoB * _f to _^ _asqertain the '¦ ¦ ¦ . mind , of the Chartists folly . _upuq-iVancl when the Executive call thera together , . that another district . delegate meeting be called to make final arrangements , " which was carried . . Fr . Lowerby moved , and Mr .. Lowry seconded -. — " That au extraordinary collection bematle for the Defence Fund , with a view to liquidate the debt chargeable to Mr . O'Connor ,. through the late prosecutions of the Chartists . " Carried unanimously .-. _--. . •¦ " At the Democratic Committee meeting on Monday night , _»& . Milne in the chair , after _thejbusincss , connected with . the late festival , had been disposed
Tut Exhci-Rv - : Committbeof The Nationa...
_____ rsm 4 m ... X _f ' , or > a . _subcommittee was appointed to draw lip an answer to Mr . O'Connor ' s letter of the 3 rd inst . , « r ? niet ' Ktben adjourned to Monday evo , March 12 th , at half-past eight o ' clock , at the two Chatmen , Wardour-stroet , Soho . .. _ .
Nottingham. Mr. O'Connor's Letter " To T...
NOTTINGHAM . MR . O'CONNOR'S LETTER " TO THE CHARTISTS . " IO THB EDITOB OP _T-HSSORTUEBN STAR . Sib , —We should be exceedingly obliged if you would allow us to say a few words in friendship to Mr . O'Connor . Wo have no ill-foeling towards him , neither have we any desire to sow disunion in the Clutttist winks ' . We have _advoc-rted the principles ofthe _Cbwwtjirong'lreyil and through good report , some of us at t _^ _cOStofdurpBrsonAIUberty ; but we assure Mr . O'Connor , , the opinions we hold on political _qajSstioris ; weMeld long Wore the name of Mr . O'Connor o _^ we < 3 flar-ter was known to us ; opinions YfbM have mm hemjmd _Momulgatod by the _denaftofets , of every" age andof e # ry countr y in
the world . Many of us are as old as Mr . O * Connor , and WP trust equally as capable of thinking , _notwithstanding- his gratuitous assertion , that those Who call _thomsolves Republicans " know nothing Ofthe meaning ofthe term . " : We have not gathered our opinions from him , and w ) ll not , therefo » ,, _holdoii « ielvca _-- © 3 _* - _^ nsibleto hirQ . We telWiim we do sympathise with the democrats of _Fi'iiice _, and , indeed , with . suffering humanity everywhere . The world is ' our _country and to do good our _relioiok . It appears to us rather strange that any man _professing the ' opinions Mr . O'Connor professes , should nave _tasen offence because we and others have thought right to celebrate the revolution of February , and do honour to the democrats of France and other countries .
Mr . O'Connor says in his letter that we have no right to compare Republican governments vrith monarchies , and ; proceeds to say . that in America thero is as much " Class-distinction and popular discontent as in any monarchy in the world . " Now we frequently read American papers , but cannot perceivo that Buch is the fact ; there may be a little noise with the free soil party , but still the Americans aro wedded to thoir institutions , and believe them to be the most perfect in tho world ; however , if they are not , they have the power to make them the perfection of human wisdom ' . Onc thing is certain , there is no landed aristocracy in America , and the Americans aro blessed with a cheap government ; land is cheap , and the people of America have in greater abundance the necessaries of life than thc
people of any other country . But what is the use of Mr . O' Connor blaming us for holding ultra-democrutic opinions and - * _:-omulgating them , when he tells ur chevo isiiofca " p ' lj'iwlo of difference be-1 _refill a Republic and . _tMounreiry wiih tho Charter ? if he really thinks so , liis letter of Inst week is ; _i mere _su-t ' _up . _> i ' -words without r . ie-uiin ' - _, a _Hi-jht « 5 f t ' u' ; n ) . ii . ' iii . i ' ( i >; _- ' / i *> v ! _ii- _ii _coifjuivil up u sort < A' _l-u _? - bear in the . . ' . liiipe cf _Rcyublicanisra . I » i : t he _tcr . ms to be afraid of offending ;< he middle _classic ; T"c beg to remind him that tbe middle _cliissc- * ar : ! _ahvs . y'i behind on the march for reform . When we ii _* iv < _: advanced a little further they -will " become Chartists , and will carry the Charter as they recently carried Corn-law repeal . If Franoe is not all we could wish , we have no doubt she will be before
many years elapse , when democracy is firmly established and fully developed there . There is no evidence in Mr . O'Connor's letter to prove that in Switzerland there is one law for the rich , and another { for the poor , because one man knocked another man down . We fancy that in every country of the civilised world ( Switzerland not excepted , ) there is a law to protect the weak againat the strong . Mr . O'Connor tells us that in Belgium the Deople have got aft but tho Charter , and cheerfully pay from £ 6 to £ 18 por aero rent , for land . We are not aware what this " all but" means ; but if " all but " tho Charter would raise the rent of the land in thiB country from £ 1 an acre , to £ 5 or £ 18 an acre , we say , emphatically , from such an " all but" as this , " GoodLord , deliver us !" Itis of no-use talking about the "J > ope'Pretender ,
President , or the Devil ; " onlv that if a President were under " popular control , " ho would have no will of his own , whether he wero elected for life , or for four years : so that Mr . O'Connor ' s arguments on that score go for nothing . If the time intervening between the election in America of one President and artother , bo " onc continuous period of turmoil , " what turmoil would there not be in this country , with annual elections for Members of Parliament ? In conclusion , we really aro astonished that Mr . O'Connor should have written such a letter as that addressed to the Chartists in last week ' Star ; in fact , we cannot perceive the use of a President under any circumstances ; the office , in our opinions , is a relic of monarchy — of barbarism , and will ultimately be dispensed with ; a President for life we consider not only useless , but a positive evil . On behalf of the Republicans of Nottingham ,
J . Sauter , W . O . Dexter , A . Maltby , J . Proctor , 6 . Rodgers , J . Barber . Temperance House , Lowe Pavement , March Oth .
To Messrs. Sauter, D Exter Ma.Ltby, Proctor, Rodgers And Barber.
TO MESSRS . SAUTER , D EXTER MA . LTBY , PROCTOR , RODGERS AND BARBER .
_Gentlemen , It is now just twelve o ' clock on Friday , and I have seen your comment upon my letter which appeared in last week ' s paper . I was atthe "Northern Star" Office at half-past twelve o ' clock last night , when the editor should have shown it to me , that my rejoinder might have accompanied your reply . It was his duty to have sent it to me in manuscript , but , as has been the practice with all former editors of the "Northern Star , "
th © persons employed hy me look upon themselves as proprietors , and upon me as theu- servant . The " Star "—as I always told you—has been open to comments upon myself . I have not time to say more this week . I am in doubt whether this much will be in time for the second edition ; and next week , dull as I am , and sagacious as you profess to be , I w _} U undertake to prove to you that you have misconceived , misunderstood , or intentionally mystified , every proposition contained in my letter .
The "Northern Star" has recently been too much of a foreign organ , to the exclusion of much valuable domestic intelligence ; it shall be so no longer ; and there is only one sentence in your letter that I shall now refer to . It is this : —You say , "but he seems to be afraid of offending the middle classes . We beg to remind him that the middle classes are always behind in the march of Reform . "
Now , my answer is , that your truculency ( when I say your , I mean that of your order , ) to the middle classes has been my greatest difficulty ; that I never acquiesced in the policy or joined in a single move of that class , with the exception of that which had for its object the destruction of patronage through reduction of expenditure . Of all men living I have been most opposed to the middle classes , and for the reasons that I have a thousand times
stated , because upon your subserviency and disunion is based their ascendancy and power . Next week you shall have a complete answer to your letter . Your faithful Servant , Feargus O'Connor .
The Victims. An Address Of The West Ridi...
THE VICTIMS . AN ADDRESS OF THE WEST RIDING RELIEF COMMITTEE TO THE CHARTISTS OF THE WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . We , tho Relief Committee , who are appointed to look after the families of our friends now suffering in Wakefield House of Correction , call upon you , as men , to come forward and assist us in the hour of need . You will remember that we have Lightowler , Smyth and Son , Frith , Angus , Wat Tyler , and many others , with large _famdics , who are suffering through the loss- of their natural protectors .-We appeal to the Chartists of the West Riding of Yorksniro toarouse themselves to a sense of their , duty . It is incumbent upon them to enableius to relieve the families of our friends , who are suffering , in the cause of Democracy . Chartists , we have , eighteen families , consisting _ofWav-L * < jf eighty _so-Jwde widows and orphans -by the accursed laws of ow
The Victims. An Address Of The West Ridi...
y law makers , and if you have a spark of humanity or feeling in your bosoms , come forward and assist us . All donations , however small , will bo thankfully received by thc committee , who meet everv Saturday evening in the Democratic School Room , Croftstreet , A . \ akeficld-road , irom half-past seven to halfpast nine o clock , and on Sunday _evening , from six to nine . Post-Office orders must bo mado pavabla to Thomas Wilcock , and letters directed to Robert Ambler , 64 , Bower-street , Bradford . Signed on behalf of the Committee , J . Steel , President , T . WitcocK , Treasurer , R ; Ambler , Secretary . Bradford , March 4 th , 1849 .
Latest News. Cobonbb's Inquest.-—The Inq...
LATEST NEWS . Cobonbb ' s Inquest .- —The inquest on the _bodyiof amah ( name unknown ) , who died of cholera occasioned by starvation , at a lodging-house in the Mint , the particulars of whose death will bo found in our sixth page , was resumed yesterday ( Friday ) , when the jury returned a verdiot , " That the deceased died a natural death , accelerated from want o £ food . " Trial o . h a _Chabqe of Murder . —At the Chelmsr ford Assizes , on Thursday , Hannah Southgate , 29 , a married woman , was indicted for the wilful murder of Thomas Ham , at tho parish of Wix , by feloniously administering to him a large quantity of acertain deadly poison oalled white arsenic . The counsel for tho prosecution explained to the jury that the -prisoner was charged with the murder of her former husband ( Thomas Ham ) , and that since that period she had again married a person named
Southgate . After a very lengthy investigation , which elicited only a repetition of the particulars ' wliich have already appeared _^ t length iu our columns , tho 'jury roturaed a verdict of " Not Guilty . " Murder . —Atthe Worcester assizes on Thursday , Robert Pully , aged 49 , labourer , was indicted for the wilful murder of Miry Ann ; Staight , at * Boughton , in tho hamlet of _Walcat , jjear _Persjaore , in this county . . Deceased was an orphan , only fifteen years of age ,, to _^ _bamjt he prisoner appeire ' _ii't © have taken _. ilBtraig _^ ililliko , . Sho was « ent oh ahi . errand oh the afternoon of the - murder * , which must have been committed before five ' o ' clock in the evening . The evidence as to the prisoner's possession of the stick with which the crime was effected , and there being stains of blood on his clothes , was very direct . For two or three years past , the prisoner would appear to have exhibited symptonsofa disordered intellect . The jury returned a verdict of " Guilty . " Sentence of death was thenpassedupon the prisoner with the usual formalities .
Latest from Ireland , —The Rate ij * AID , —Oa Thursday thc South Dublin Union passed a resolu _* _- tion strongly condemnatory of the Rate in Aid .
MURDER OF A LADY AT BRISTOL . Bristoi ,, March 8 . — The city has this morning beon startled with the intelligence of the discovery of a murder of tho most brutal and revolting character , the victim having been a maiden lady of between sixty and seventy years of age , possessed of considerable property in houses , & c , valued at the very least at £ 10 , 000 or £ 11 , 000 . Tho excitement consequent upon such a discovery has also been materially increased by the fact of the murder having been _periictratedinonoofthe most densely populated portions of the city , probably as long as Friday night last , without any discovery having been made before five or six o ' clock last evening . The circumstances of the case , as far as they have
yet transpired , are as follow . The deceased , _Mis $ Elizabeth Jefferies , resided at No . 6 , _Trenchardstrcet , in the parish of St . Michael , thc house in ¦ which she lives ] , as well as nearly the whole of the houses ni that < ido of tim street , being hor pvo-» ' } i . -- y . Miss _J- _'ffoj-ii ' _-K _viiiidi'd _al-- ! io in the _Jiousp , ami _«' _, '•' : supposed - _-. ' _way-i io keep ; i i _.-irge > . w \> of money in gold at lier ' _•* _-si-kiic- > _besiufs _ethei * _vr' . _' . _nahleprupertj . Or . Friday last tho oid lady was seen by her neighbour * about rhep ; v _* i _? _i--7 . •» .- _thaai , and in the evening the shutters were closed ¦ ¦& dusk . On Saturday morning it was observed that the shutters remained closed , but , __ from her wellknown eccentric habits , no suspicion whatever of anything being wrong arose in the minds of any of the neighbours . Sunday , Monday , Tuesday ,
however , passed over , and the shutters still remained closed , the _subject became matter of , comment and suspicion , which did not , however , extend beyond the immediate neighbourhood until yesterday ( Wednesday ) afternoon , when some of tho inhabitants waited upon the unfortunate lady ' s brother , a retired surgeon residing in Somerset-street , Kingsdown , to whom they communicated the fact of the house having been closed for several days , and of their suspicions tliat there was something wrong . Mr . Jefferies immediately communicated with the authorities , and Inspector Bell directed a police-sergeant to go to the premises , and endeavour to gain admission . The sergeant , accompanied by some policemen , found the front
entrance fastened , but having got over the wall of the back court of Miss Jefferies' houso , they found thc back door open , but with no marks of its having been burglariously broken . They then examined the lower rooms , where nothing appeared to have been disturbed , nor any marks of the house having been robbed ; upon proceeding up-stairs , however , to the bed-room , on the first-floor , they found the body of Miss Jefferies in the bed , with blood upon the head and face . Having communicated with the superintendent and inspector , they then made a minute examination of the premises , and upon entering tho bed-room ,, they were first struck upon opening tho door , by perceiving a pool of blood extending foam the bed upon winch lay the murdered
lady , with marks of considerable violence upon tha temple and nostrils , as if from blows inflicted by a poker , or some similar instrument . They then found that the closet in the room had been ransacked , papers , deeds , & c , being strewn about as ifthe boxes in the closet had been hastily turned out and searched ; the rooms _up-staira , also , had been ransacked . Inquiries were then made as to the femala servant of deceased , and they received such information as induced the police to trace a girl , of about nineteen or twenty years of age , named Sarah Thomas , who had been recommended to Misa Jefferies from a servant ' s office , in the usual way , on the 5 th of February last . After considerable trouble , about two o ' clock this ( Thursday ) morning tho
police hit on the house ofthe girl s mother in a laneleading to Ashley Down , at Horfield , and demanded admission . Upon being refused , they threatened to force the door open , upon which some confusion and a rustling as 01 paper or shavings was heard inside . On being admitted , and searching the lower part of the premises , they found the young woman , Sarah Thomas , concealed in the coal-house under some shavings . In the coal-house a silver gravy spoon and five silver table spoons , marked " E . J . " in a cipher , were found ; and in a box upstairs , a lady's gold watch , chain , and appendages , with a pair of gold ear-rings , and otKei articles , * and in the girl ' s pocket were twentyfour sovereigns , four half-sovereigns , fifteen
shillings , and a fourpenny hit in silver , and twopence three farthings in copper . She was then' removed to the station at Bristol , and being further searched , five silver tea-spoons , marked "E . J ., " wero found concealed in her stockings . Further investigation has shovm that on Saturday morning a man was seen coming from Miss Jefferies' house , with a red box , accompanied by the servant girl , and that they went into a house in Host-street . The street-door and latch keys of the deceased ' s house have since then been found in a singular way , at a public-house in Host street , where it is thought this man was _wtting when the police sergeant came in to make some inquiries . An active search is still going on , but
the girl is the only person yet in custody . An inquest on the body ofthe murdered woman commenced on Thursday ,. and was adjourned till Tuesday next . We have received informition that on Thursday evening , thegirl Sarah Thomas , made a confession , to the effect that it was not she that did it , but a former fellow-servant of hers , whose name at present it would he imprudent to disclose , but who does not bear a good character , and who has been tried for felony . She states that it was done with a large stone , and in corroboration of this a stone was on Friday found on the hob in the bed-room of the murdered woman , which on examination fitted the wounds exactly , and on it were some grey hairs and clotted blood . It is at present in the custody of Inspector Bell .
FRANCE . Paris , Thursday . —The Constiiutionnel contains the following ' . — ' War bas recommenced in Italy . On the 1 st of March , the Austrian and Modenese troops entered _^ Tuscany . The same day the Florence government , after having sent General Apice after thia corps , which is composed of 6 , 000 men , principally Austrians , with orders to oppose them , Bent a courier to Turin , to demaud the immediate _intervene tion of the corps of 15 , 000 men , concentrated undei General _Lamarraora to enter Tuscany in conjunction with General Apice , to drive back the Austrians . General Apice is at the head of 4 , 000 to 5000 men . The Piedmontese and Tuscan troops were to form their junction on tbe 2 d of March , and it is probable that on the 3 d or 4 th , at latest , a collision took place between them and the Austrian troops _.
The Delate confirms the entry of the Piedmontese troops into , the Tuscan territory , but says that it has no positive information respecting the movements attributed tothe Austrian * . The news . of tbe entry of the _Austrian into Tus .. cany , says our Paris coirespondent ,- is very doubtful . The French government has , I understand , received official notes from the Cabinet of Vienna , announcing that Austria has , of her Own " accord , adjourned , her intervention in Tuscany ; A . circular _tt-ftft _.-. lSas been _^ _deliressed W the other Europeai Powers .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 10, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_10031849/page/1/
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