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otter ^ pien - sgooa./e^^^ ^ns ha Ppiness m of InsdiKf pride ^mthemS comtr^r ^' 1 ^'^ —Shakspere. ^-uut-ai comiorfc, of lus condition."
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T0 THE ^ CLAS SES. Mr Pbiesbs ,— This we...
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' S'S A ' ' '< < <G IMPORTANT FROM FRANC...
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! AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL. " ~ ~ ¦—...
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VOL. XII. P. 608. LOHDON SATD8DAY JBME I...
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" Onward and wc conquer! Backward and we...
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TO TJtlJii ULJJ - orUAltlJS. My Deae Old...
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<Et)Artt0t fittteUtgenre.
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DAtsios.—-A public meeting was held on S...
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vepiibliean ^ Fj-aiice 'cap^l'de. , Pala...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Otter ^ Pien - Sgooa./E^^^ ^Ns Ha Ppiness M Of Insdikf Pride ^Mthems Comtr^R ^' 1 ^'^ —Shakspere. ^-Uut-Ai Comiorfc, Of Lus Condition."
_otter _^ _pien _- _sgooa . / _e _^^^ _^ ns ha Ppiness _m of InsdiKf pride _^ _mthemS _comtr _^ _r _^' _^ ' _^ —Shakspere . _^ _-uut-ai comiorfc , of _lus condition . "
T0 The ^ Clas Ses. Mr Pbiesbs ,— This We...
T 0 THE _^ CLAS SES . Mr _Pbiesbs , — This week the list of subscri ptions for bonus for location on ihe Bromsgrove _estete CW _iidates will _T _* i _^ d
_^ _" published , _nTTw g wayS _preyed _better faith _mfll l _£ wS _^ classes _ta _^ other man _^ _^ J _«* W confided , I shaU he prepared to return _tte _amount paid by the _Successful caudi-J _»* ' I Ja _« say , many who have _in-™* ed tiieir little all in railway and other ST _ST such _^ announcement from the holders of their money , not only _^ JOY , Hot With surprise , a 9 it is _H unusual process .
I am now looting out of my window at all aorfe of vehicles , conveying all sorts of people to Hampton Kaces , within an hour ' s drive of my house ; and although that sport , and hunting and agriculture , -were amusements that I iormerl y took great delight in , I have _aba-atoned one and all , as well as a lucrative profession , to devote my whole time , to the improvement of the condition " of the -working classes ; and my constant reward has been , the -mmu _% a-ted hostility of all other classes , and not a sparing amount of insolence from a portion of your own order .
However , I base my constant advocacy of your cause upon the principle , that I have received this insolence onl y irom a very small minority ; and from the fact I deduce the justice and practicabuity—nay , the defence of right , whicli -would he administered by Universal Suflrage . __ _2 _tfow let me trace this conclusion , both _socially and politically . The social view I take irom the Land Plan , in whicli from seventy
thousand to eighty thousand of the working ¦ classes have iuvested more or less of their money . A very few of those who -were _disapjK ) inted , not b y me but b y the law , have been ansoleut and impertinent , while their insolence -and impertinence has been more than counterbalanced hy the kindliness -with which the large _^ najority—nay , all , with the exception of a "fraction—looked npon the great but not inaurmountable difficultaes thrown in my way at every step .
Though I say the difficulties were not insurmountable , I liave the vanity to believe that few men "would have had the courage and the fortitude to have "withstood them . Thus , I show you how the shield of the majority can protect an honest man from the malignant -shafts of a , minorit y in a social point of-view ; and I need onl y call your attention to the attempts made by the POOR _GENTLEnlEX —in the Convention of 1839 ; in 1840 and 1841 , when I was in ' my cell ; atthe Birmingham Conference in 1842 ; and in the _National
Assembly iu 1848 , —to destroy my influence , in the lope of establishing aland of patchwork - ¦ system , in which each might see a shred of -self-interest , hut all of which conspiracies and machinations were bravel y and virtuousl y overpowered and destroyed , by the -wisdom and integrit y of an orerwhehmng majority : and thus I think I establish the value of Universal "Suffrage , both sociall y and politically ; in fact , as the onl y safeguard by which the friends of -the people can he defended against their enemies , no matter to "what class they may _Melons .
M y friends , nothing is more fatal than when theoretical , socialknowledge , has suddenly burst "upon a party only just endowed with political power ; every Utop ian schemeisseizeduponAvith an uuaccountableavidity , and society , instead of -being politically harmonised to achieve great national social improvements , becomes section--alised ; each section constituting the army of each theorist , aud each army , like different relig ious sects , arrayed in hostility , not upon a principle , but upon a mere shadow .
I mention this in _* efutahle fact , to convince _ you that self-interest is the hasis of human -action , and that every theorist who enlists and -commands such a section , uses that section for the realisation of his own peculiar object , based upon his own interest I have often told you that " Words are but -wind , -Actions speak the uund ;" and taking those "words as your text , you may say , " they are all wind ; " but I rejoice to think that I can appeal to my actions , and from thein , and from my present position in
society , in a financial point of new , you and all others must admit that my object has been ambition , and that that ambition has been to elvevate your condition , atthe expense of _persecution and great loss of property . For you must always bear in mind , that I was rich and independent when I enlisted in your ranks , while you made me poor ; but , thank God I not dependent And you must further hear iu miud , that if I made a large income as a newspaper proprietor , I spent every -farthing ofthat income in advocating your cause upon the platform , defending it in the court of justice , and supporting your Ticiams .
I think it necessary , well as we understand each other , thus to recapitulate my association ¦ with the working classes , and the more especiall y at the present moment , when the presumed failure ofthe Land Plan has encouraged theorists to enlist recruits from what they consider-the scattered forces of Labour . I say from thc presumed failure , although of its legal and social triumph I entertain not a shadow of doubt ; but my greatest difficulty lies in the fact , that those who throw the shuttle , ply the loom , and wield the hammer , believe that thc process ef law is as rapid as their labour—-whereas , the very fact of the
Atioii"XEY-Ge-3 fEEAL trying to postpone the final adjustment Of thc Land Plan , must irrefutabl y convince all that he has a bad and unsupportable case ; while , upon the other hand , prcsumingthevery great improbability that he should succeed , those _Tvho have invested their money in that plan appear to have lost sight of the fact , that in case of such a result , the Committee of the House of Commons decided unanimously that Parliament should enable me to wind up the affairs ofthe Company , and were we driven to such an alternative—which I by no means anticipate—the Land Company would be in that anomalous position that it could repay twenty shillings forererypound investedin
confidence in me . _jSow , I think , and without much stretch of fancy , that -when it is borne in mind that the " Working classes of this country invest their monies hi speculations , the result of which _cannot be discovered for years , and wliich , in most cases , arc fallacious and unsatisfactory , that the Laud Company—assuming tlie alternative to which I have referred—stands in a position different from any company that ever was established . If ay , I may go further , and , although admitting that £ o , or £ l , is a large
amonnt for a poor man to abstract from his poor earnings in these griping times , I may siy that between seventy aud eighty thousand p-ople , paying upon an average £ l 10 s . a _Jiead , wonld not have invested their money nnprofitahly , thooijh not a single subscriber had derived a particle of benefit fromithe Plan . H nw much money has heen expended ™ strikes aiid useless _Zitisratioii ? And what money was eva- so profitahlv or prudently expended as that which has been app lied to the developement of the national resources for the nation s
_?*" enefit ? _•* ¦¦ _•* My friends , many 1 admit have spoken , anu mmy liave written ' theoretical works , upon the _capabilities of the soil , but they have aU—one _« nu all—beer , _hased upon the feudal system , _aVd _allied to thc closer rivetting of the chains < , f the slave . For instance , where agricultural l _acunas are blessed with a rood or half a rood of land attached to their cottage , or detached ,
T0 The ^ Clas Ses. Mr Pbiesbs ,— This We...
-which is more often the case , the love even of that small quantity of land , and the dread and horror of losing it , gives the employer a greater control over the occupant I , upon the other hand , have established my Plan upon a principle which will make every man his own employer , and will sweeten every man ' s hardest tofl by the cheering reflection that he shall be the first _partaker of the fruits of his own industry . My friends , I have established this Land Plan , then , as the great social object to be achieved by the people when they are politically enfranchised ; and I have established ifc in order that no theoretical or Utopian schemes should be used b y theorists and prophets , when the people achieve politiaal power . And in order that there should be a unity and not
a diversit y of political opinions , in search ofa diversity of impracticable , unattainable , unprofitable , and visionary social schemes . Now , that is my chief object , with reference to this Land Plan — it is to throw the political mind round like a ball , instead of seeing it scattered lik e grape shot ; and if I can glean knowledge from the growing intelligence of the age , I assert , without fear of contradiction , that if you got the Charter to-morrow , the whole mind of the country , no matter how varied it may be now , would be exclusively directed to the application of the Land to its legitimate purpose as its first object ; and I tell you what I further assert , and my greatest reviler will not deny it ; it is this , that if I had one million of money to-morrow , I would expend it to the last farthing upon the developement of the Land Plan , if I never received one
smgle fraction of rent in return , because it would establish the dial by which the whole mind of this country would be regulated . And although I am resolved that the affairs of the present Company , as it stands , shall be faithfully conducted , as the Committee of the House of Commons said it had heen
conducted , with PERFECT GOOD FAITH ; I am resolved , I say , that , while I still continue to carry on that Company , to propose another Company in next week ' s " Star , " which shall require no legal protection , and by which I will g ive veritable "Freedom to the Millions , " by buying land in the wholesale market , and selling it out-and-out , with no other expense than surveying , upon the following week , retail -at the wholesale price , from half an acre to five acres , giving my whole time for nothing , and devoting my services merely to the just survey and the making of
convenient roads to each allotment ; leaving to every purchaser the building . of his own cottage , according to his fancy , commencing humbly , and adding to it according to his means and the _requh-ements of his famil y . In every instance the Land shall be of good quality , and purchased at a convenient distance from a market town : and by this means every occupant wiUVbe a veritable independent freeholder , as the solicitor of the Company shall not lend the capital of trafficking speculators to the poor occupant upon mortgage , which he may foreclose , and destroy him if he refuses to vote for the nominee of the
Company . No ! mine shall go to the poll without the mask upon their faces , to vote for the man of their choice ; and thus , in less than five years from this day , the independent yeomen would hold the balance of power in every county in the kingdom . However , I shall minutely detail my plan next week , and I wish the members of the Land Company to bear in mind , that , Avhile I never assail—but , on the contrary , encourage every scheme that is calculated to bestow the sli g htest benefit upon the people , —I am attacked most unsparingly , and most ungenerously , by all who propound their own fascinating theories . And why ? Simply because they have the Press at their command . They know that I will not be a party to a deception or jugg le ; they are aware of the people ' s confidence iu me , and they think that destruction of that confidence must be the basis of their
own power . Nay , so far from abusing any plan that hears the semblance or the shadow of benefit for the working classes , I invariably give their p lan a free circulation , which it could not acquire through any , or all other channels of publication ; and here I insert a letter which I received this morning , and shall not offer a word of comment , further than that iu my conscience I believe that an honester man—a holder advocate—or more incorruptible Representative , is not in or out of the House of Commons than George Fkedekick Mu . _nxz , who has lent his name to this plan , and who I fearlessly assert , would rather surrender his seat in Parliament than he a party to deceive the working classes . Here is the letter :
Freehold land Society , Committee and Subscription Kooms , _Temperance Hotel , Newnll-street , Birmingham , June 12 th , 1 S 49 . Mr . Editor , —I am very anxious to put you in possession ofthe true principles of oiirsocicty ,- _* -and if possible , hy the merits of our plan , claim yonr sympathy and support . Allow me at the very onset to declare , that I do not aim to undermine , or any " way interfere with tlie existence of any society in the _longJom , having a desire to meliorate the condition ofthe working classes , and 1 hail with all my heart tie various projects calculated to enhance my order ' s happiness—politically and socially . The society whose humble servant I am , ami whose interest I feebly advocate , was eallcil into bdnjr for tlie unconcealed olnect of "
winning the counties . " lam an old reader of the Star , and nine or ten years ago was occasionally found in your columns advocating the Charter , —and invoking my fellow working men to join in petitioning , and attend meetings to obtain their rights . This , however , was all that was donepetition after petition was signed—meetings after meetings were held—resolutions after resolutions were passed , and loud shouts were the crowning theme ! Thousands of pounds were foolishly wasted in parchment , pens had been worn out hv thousands , ink used in gallons , and signatures obtained bv millions -and all for no earthly purpose , but to call for the derision , scorn , and contempt of Our _rulei'K ' Was it not time , then , Mr . Editor , that something else he
should he done ? Were we wise , and should we wise now to repeat this farce of folly ? Your judgment says no ! What then else must be done to enforce our claims , and demand redress of our sad-sad grievances ! The tragic , the melancholy , and the maniacal act of physical force has been tried , failed , and deservedly failed : and yet what nearer are we to freedom ? Dow many have by either " petitioning" or "fighting" gained the Suflrage ? And how many can ever expect to have it by either of these means—equally useless , but not equally harmless weapons ¦> The fact is , Mr . Editor , tliat this people are as far as ever from possessing a vote , and can you longer advise them to " i > eati & n ,- _" and ask for tliat wliich you know , aud which the Ilouse of Commons has again said . _Uicy _sliaU not
'" we propose a plan to enable every man who can spare one shiUing and sixpence a week for five years , to buy a "Freehold ! " and take with it a " vote forthe county . Ii is no use talking , sir , the counties must be'won . There is no hope-not the remotest _bope-Hifany extension of _£ cSuffra « e 1 iutuythe old _fortj--shillm freehold franchise Bv tills I am convinced the fifty-two counties can be rfactd on the side of the people . Shall they be so placed ? Are vou prepared to assist in this movement , and use your Muencevdth that portion ofthe masses who have the _™ _l ,, c * ,. _nrovail noon them to " qualify and win
countie _= _*» I conjure _you \ Mr . Editor , with all the scad ot an cnthu _^ iast-with all the fervour of one devoted to the cause ofhis fellow-working men , to lend your aid and sympathy - oourSun _" rafre-exteiidiiig cause . To mv Fellow Labourers I appeal , and ask them to act —to form - 'freehold Land Societies" upon the same principles as ours ( a prospectus of which I enclose ); be determined , against all and through all , to work out your own elevation andpolitical freedom , and assure your poorev Brethren , who cannot spare the means to thus obtain a "County Vote" _Oiat yours shall always be exercised in suppport of those who will give the Suffrage to man as man ; and tell them you use the property Uato destroy the
property imd ! , Up . then , my fellow-working men , to your own enfranchisement I call vou . lie not disheartened—act and not talk—work instead of words—pence instead of petitionss-jf-denial , detenninatiou . and the counties are easily " wou "— -and , "believe ine , till the counties are in the hands of tiie people there is no hope for you . Goon , then , ye sail cereanil ardent climnpions of liberty-lead those who look for vour guidance—success awaits you—victory-: will crown _^ Fiiteenhundred men in our town are qualifying as county v _« v « There are 5 , 500 in the midland district , and _"NewucV-ate ' lias already sounded bis own toell ; will you cause
T0 The ^ Clas Ses. Mr Pbiesbs ,— This We...
other members to do the same ? if you will , you can , and if you arc -sincere you will . For the present I remain , Mr . Editor , yours faithfully , James Tati . ob , jun . The only comment that I shall make upon the ahove is , that I trust the people , Land memhers , and memhers of all other societies , WILL PETITION for the Charter , as the ahsence of those petitions will he urged b y the Minister , and relied upon by the ignorant , as proof of popular apath y . There is also a Utter signed " B" in the " Nottingham Review" of last week , and if I was in a jocular mood , I would now answer it ; but , in fact , there is nothing to answer except the charge made against the incapability of the Land and the idleness of its
occupants ; hut next week , if I am in a happy mood , I will give poor "B" such a BELLO WSING- as will blow his wind out . There is onl y one single sentence upon which I shall make a word of comment now . Speaking of Mr . W heeler , he says : — « I WAS TOLD
THAT HE COULD MAKE SOME VERY STARTLING DISCLOSURES WERE HE SO INCLINED . " Now , my answer is , that I def y Mr . Wheeler—I def y Mv . Doyle—I defy Mr . M'Grath—I def y Mr . Clark—I defy Mi * . Dixon—I : def y the Manager of my Bank—I def y any man that has been connected with me in any movement or any plan , or that has been in my employment , to make one single disclosure of any—the most insignificant nature that poor "B" would not laugh at in his sleeves and in his sleep . But he met with a woman whose love tales he
booked , and he met with a boy , who said , " sum mm wor worse nor sum ' mm ; " and he saw the beautiful scenery , and his heart jumped with joy . No doubt this romantic traveller thought himself in the GROVES OF BLARNEY , and that " There he heard the thrushes warbling , And there he saw the throut and the salmon A-playing backgammon ; All by the b . anks of the black wather side . " And there he saw big Murphy ' s daughther , A-washing praties before the door ; And Oweu Clary , and Jerry _leary—All cousin Jarmans to my Lord Down ach Moor . "
What would I not have given to have been the companion of this romantic traveller—to have participated in all those delights ? Surely they Avould have furnished me with ecstatic dreams and romantic contemplations for the remainder of my days . But now , let mo answer the masked "B" hy the following letter from the open and unmasked Brown . He says : — 21 , Rigley's-yard , Market-place , Nottingham , June 2 , 1819 .
IIokodiikd Sib , —Having seen in the Star of this day a letter from my much esteemed friend , Mr . Cullingham , addressed to you , and wherein he alludes 10 me as a party that has sold my allotment , I thought this a most favourable opportunity and a just reason that I should show to vou and to the Company the cause of my so doing . I do honestly assure you it was with the most painful feeling . " , that I did it , and I have ever since regretted that . I was not more deliberate iu my considerations . There was not the least cause or fault in the Land Plan itself ; no , I truly admire it , and heartily wish it may triumph over every objection that has been put in its way . The cause—and the sole cause of my selling was a most serious Affliction which befell me a little before last Christmas , and from whicli very little hopes of recovery were entertained ; aud the painful
idea that my wife and a family of six children would , in all probability , be left in the most trying circumstances , aud I was strongly advised to return to Nottingham as my native air was the last thing left in favour of my recovery . I am wonderfully improved , and should feel highly favoured with a chance of returning . Had I not thought highly of the cause I should not have made the offer , stated in Mr . Cullingham ' s letter , of £ 5 more than I received , which I did , and since that time have made an additional offer . Mr . Cullingham can bear testimony to the truth of this statement as he visited me in my affliction . I now most humbly beg to be excused for the liberty of intruding upon your time , and wishing to avoid any unjust censure being cast upon me for the step taken , or upon the glorious cause , which I more and more appreciate . Yours , Deal" Sir , most truly , but unfortunately ,
CllAM . ES BKOWN _, P . S . —I and my sons hold five paid-up shares , all fouracres , but have hitherto been unsuccessful in the ballot . I purchased the one alluded to . You are , Sir , at liherty to correct any little error in the remarks , and put it in the Star if you think well . C . _U Now , what does "B" of Nottingham say to Brown of Nottingham ? and am I to be called upon to answer all the anonymous rubbish of gaping itinerants , who do not know _* a cucumber from a hand-saw , or B from a BULL'S FOOT ? But I think , although he has catered for a little bit of " blarney" from some of the occupants , I may
leave him iii their hands for the present , with this one bit of advice—that when he next takes the gooseqvill in his hand , he will not write himself-down for an ASS . And now , " Mr . B , " I tell you what I challenge you—or rather a sensible man , that would know wheat from turnips , grass from onions , cows from oxen , and sows from boars—to visit Herringsgate , Lowbands , Snig ' s End , Minster Lovel , and Bromsgrove —containing over a thousand acres of landand to show me four thousand acres of land in
all England , with the exception of market gardens , bearing as much produce as those estates . Why , you nincompoop , did you compare the appearance of the Nottingham stockinger to those wild animals you saw in the " Groves of Blarney ? " and if the potatoes had not failed the last two years , there is not an industrious man , occupying an allotment upon any of the Estates , that niight not have nearly purchased his allotment ; but you have become a second " WHISTLER" since you were in the " Groves of Blarney . "
Noav my friends , I will conclude this letter with the most grap hic and conclusive illustration . It is this : that while the promoters of
" FREEDOM FOR THE MILLIONS " assure you that a man can sustain himself , wife , and family , upon two acres of Land costing £ 11 an acre , and for which he is to pay thirty shillings an acre rent , and without receiving any Aid Money , Avithout the Land being cultivated , without any house being built , without any road being made , and _without any manure being put ; they toll you the same man cannot support _himself his wife , and family upon four * acres of Land , averaging , £ 37 2 s . G'd . an acre , cultivated , roads made ,
house built , £ 30 Aid Money , m most cases £ 20 loan , an amount of manure put out that never was put upon treble the quantity of Land hefore , and ofthe very best description ; roads and paths made to every house , and no rent claimed in consequence ofthe potato rot , which of course I created ; now what other conclusion can you come to , than that the opposition to my Plan is based upon its opposition to tyranny ? Some men who wore the most fortunate , were foolish enough to believe that their unfounded complaints and reports would frig hten mc into
comp liaucc with then * every wish . Some have written to say that they would be obliged to publish their distress , which would injure the Land Company , if I did not lavishly squander the funds of the least fortunate to silence the calumny ofthe most successful . Others have induced even the unsuccessful hi the locality to which they belonged to write most pressing and urgent letters to me , to make further _grants , In order to save the character ot ' the Company ; but I thought that I best saved my own character by saving the funds of the least fortunate from the will and malice ofthe
most fortunate . In each locality there is a kind of hedge attorney , by whose wile and cunning many of the icmorant ' have heen led into a very disastrous course ; and those partieswill ' vcry speedily discover tho value of those instructors , and thou thev will be the first martyrs of those whom
T0 The ^ Clas Ses. Mr Pbiesbs ,— This We...
they have so shamefully deceived , and from whom I understand they have exacted fees for their professional services ; of course I allude to somo ofthe refractory allottees , and every one of whom , with God ' s blessing , and to the advantage of the occupants , I will , ere long , get rid of . Next week I will publish several articles , not from my own pen , but from thc " Times " newspaper and from practical works upon agriculture , and from able writers , as to the capabilities of the soil ; and what will the revilers of the Land Plan say , when they hear
that the " Times" of last Friday has published the fact , that a farmer has made £ 45 10 s . of one acre of grass , cut for soil ? and what will they say when they hear that Mr . Priqe , the manager of my Bank , who is cultivating his land according to my system , has fed " one large Hereford cow , just calved ; two smaller Ayrshire cows , also just calved ; one cart horse ; three sows , rearing twenty pigs ; two sows , in pig ; one hog , two full-grown hoars , and two calves , upon twenty-seven perches , or about one-sixth of an acre , of tares , for three weeks * " -. He says , " The statement is _qpen to
very little qualification , which , however , I am bound to suppl y . The cows havo the run ofa two-acre field , nearly eaten bare ; but they have been fed twice a day with as much tares as they could eat ; the pigs have had nothing else but tares and a little bran , except the sows giving , suck , which have had the skim-milk and refuse of the house ; the horse has been fed entirel y upon tares , with the exception of a pottle of corn ' a day ; one of the calves has had skim milk twice a day , hut not the other ; then there is a pony which has had a fair share of tares as well ; so that altogether I think I am
justified in saying that these twenty-seven poles of tares will have maintained , unaided hy any other food whatever , what may he considered equal to four cows , for a space of three weeks . " Now then , food for four cows for three weeks , is equal to food for one cow for four months ; and twonty-seven poles , or the sixth of an acre , for one cow for three months , is equal to fifty-four poles , or a third of an _iicre , for a cow for six months ; and , of all things observe , that as fast as the day ' s consumption is cut , a crop of Swede turnips , cabbages , mangel-wurtzel , or many other descriptions ,
may instantly be put in . But as I shall address you at considerable length upon the question of Agriculture , and MY PLAN for "Freedom for the Millions , " next week ; aud as I shall give Mr . Price's letter at full length , further comment is not necessary than merely to observe , that the same gentleman who is stated in the " Times " to have raised £ 45 10 s . worth of grass upon one acre , also states that he fed a horse for thirty weeks upon grass cut from half an acre with a mere addition of two trusses , or 112 lbs . wei ght of hay .
Now , in conclusion , let me give you tho fol lowing extract from the "Northampton Mercury , " _ofJast "week : — _ExTnAORDiSAUT Cow . —C . Lucy , Esq ., of Stratford , has a cow which produced for some time a remarkably large quantity of butter . During tlie last fortnight , the enormous quantity of 40 _* _j-lbs ., or upwards of 201 b . per week , has heen made from her cream alone . The pasture in whicli the cow is , contains most luxuriant herbage , which in a great degree assists , hut still the breed is doubtless the cause of such an abundant yield . The animal is seven years old—this s * eason being thc fourth time she has borne a call' Her breed is between a short-horned Durham and au Alderiiev , her sire being a short-horn .
I think after such evidence—not extracted from my fanciful brain , butfrom practical agriculturists , whose names are stated—that the conclusion you must come to is , that every man who fails in making himself , wife , and famil y happy , contented , and comfortable , upon four , three , or two acres of good Land , deserves to suffer all the penalties consequent upon improvidence , idleness , or dissipation . I remain , Your faithful Friend and unpaid Bailiff , Fea _hg us _O'COtfNOB .
' S'S A ' ' '< < <G Important From Franc...
¦¦ _' . _ife ?/ S'S - _^ y _^ s / A - _^ v _/ ' _$£ _^ /' h _£ _fr'i < _4 > _£ _> € s < _Jhh * c < G j _^/ _Yt _& _p _& _nAsz , _d _^^/ l I _^^^
! And National Trades' Journal. " ~ ~ ¦—...
! AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . " ~ ~ ¦— ' _^ _——^_—^^—^————^—^—^ - _^^——
Vol. Xii. P. 608. Lohdon Satd8day Jbme I...
VOL . XII . P . 608 . LOHDON _SATD _8 DAY JBME IS 1849 p » f _^ _pe _™* or
" Onward And Wc Conquer! Backward And We...
" Onward and wc conquer ! Backward and we fall *" "THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER AND NO SURRENDER !"
To Tjtljii Uljj - Orualtljs. My Deae Old...
TO TJtlJii ULJJ - orUAltlJS . My Deae Old Friends and Comrades , You will have learned that on the 3 rd of July I bring forward my motion for the Charter , and then you will be able to discover whether or no I have abated one particle of my ardour , and by your number of petitions I shall be able to discover whether you are true to your faith . Do not transmit any of those petitions till Friday , the 29 th of June ; if you do , and if they are presented long before I
submit the question to the House , they will have lost their charm . Let me pray of you , and beg of you—if you love liberty , and if from political liherty alone you can establish social freedom—let me , I say , on Monday and Tuesday evenings , see that declaration of liberty fluttering in every corner of the House ; and do not he led away hy the fanciful theory , that those petitions will not strengthen my hands and your cause , while the absence of them will weaken hoth .
Old Guards , if I repeat it to surfeit , always bear in mind—that upon political freedom alone can social happiness depend ; and that , further , a bold and resolute adherence to our own cause , whole and unmutilated , is the surest way to make converts to that cause , while thc abandonment of a fraction of one of the bristles of the animal would strengthen the hands of its opponents , and lead them to the hope of its entire destruction ; while upon the other hand , see what our pertinacious adherence to the whole animal has effected ? Why this ; tbat on Monday last , at a tremendous meeting , with Sir Joshua Walmsley in the chair , the Now Reform Association consented to add
"NO PROPERTY QUALIFICATION " to " THEIR ANIMAL : " whereas , if we had substituted Household Suffrage , and Triennal Parliaments , for Universal Suffrage and Annual Parliaments , like the Irish Gamekeeper— - "They would have stroked the woodcock down to a wren . " Old Guards , is this not something to have gained , and something to inspire you with hope , and all consequent upon your patriotic adherence to your defined and understandable princip les ? And so much am I attached to those principles , that , unlike others , I am prepared to surrender my seat in Parliament _^ and once more betake myself to my wildfire agitation , if those parties will now adopt
our principles , and I will promise them an amount of out-door and unpaid-for support as will very speedil y place the helm of the ship in their hands . But I never will consent to agitate for any less measure of Reform than THE CHARTE R ; while , should tho professors of the minor principle accept those terms , then all hostility and differences between the middle and the working classes wilt cease ; but I never can , aiid never will , believe in the sincerit y of a party whowould exclude any man of twenty-one years of age , of sane mind , and unblemished b y crime , from the Suffrage . It is true that wo live , not only in the age of progress , hut in tho ago of danger , and tlie anticipation of danger , in whatever shape it
To Tjtljii Uljj - Orualtljs. My Deae Old...
may present itself , shall never compel me to retrograde a single step . Old Guards , we have fostered and nurtured this bantling of ours , when the rulers of England based their opposition , nay , their persecution , upon the world ' s tranquillity : but now their hands are tied ; other countriesy where the mind has been kept in bondage , are asserting their rights by thc sword , while I hope to establish them by the mind . For , maris me ,
and mark mc well , when I tell you , that in this country any injudicious act upon my part , or any intemperate act upon your part , bat tends to strengthen the hands of the enemy , and to weaken the anion and powerof the people*—therefore , having gained wisdom from past experience , let me implore of you to show to those who boast of your loyalty , and deny your dissatisfaction , that you are at length united as 0110 man and for one common purpose .
As I before instructed you , Jet the name of the members to whom petitions are sent , together with the number of petitions from each locality , be transmitted to the _Executive Committee in London , and then if any should fail to present those petitions , I can road the localities from which they have heen sent . I am sure yon will read , in the report of the Parliamentary proceedings , thc questions that I put to Sir Geokge Gkey on Tuesday last , with reference tothe treatment ofEKNEST _Jojves ; and I am sure your blood will boil
when you read that statement , which did not contain one-half the truth . And you will also feel indignant , when I tell you that the task of disclosing these facts devolved upon me , a most unfitting person , when you understand that Mr . Jones has g * t an uncle in the House of Commons representing an English county ; but you , and especially the men of Halifax , will be mortified , and should feel shame and disgrace , when I tell you that Mr . Jones has got a young wife and three children , the eldest not more than six years old , wholl y and entirely destitute .
Now , then , will this' appeal be in vain , and especially to the men of Halifax , when I ask you to send your contributions with as little delay as possible , addressed to Mr . Eider , "Northern Star" Office , for the sustenance of the young family of this young martyr , and if you refuse I have only to pray , that every man who can spare a little and withholds it for such a purpose , may one day be in want himself . Old Guards , what is to be done for the people must be done by the people , and , therefore , I say , in
conclusion"UP , GUARDS ,. AND AT IT ; '' and let me have a little monster from Man Chester , Sheffield , Birmingham , Leeds , New castle , and all the manufacturing towns ; gal lant Merthyr Tydvil promises its full share . I remain Your faithful Friend and Representative , Feargus _O'Connor .
≪Et)Artt0t Fittteutgenre.
< _Et ) Artt _0 t fittteUtgenre .
Datsios.—-A Public Meeting Was Held On S...
_DAtsios . — -A public meeting was held on Saturday evening , June 9 th , for the purpose of adopting a petition to Parliament , praying for the enactment of the People ' s Charter . —Mr . w ! Johnston was called to the chair , anu" "briefly opened the business ofthe meeting . Messrs . P . Sowerby , F . lilake , and others , having spoken upon the evils of class legislation , resolutions condemnatory of the present system of representation were agreed to , and also a resolution in favour of tho People ' s Charter , as the only remedy for existing evils , and that a
petition be sent from Dalston , praying Parliament to make the People ' s Charter , the law of the land . The petition was then adopted , ami ordered to be sent to Mr . Marshall , M . P . for East Cumberland , for presentation to Parliament ; also tliat Charles Howard , Esq ., M . P ., be requested to support it , and that Mr . P . SowerOy be instructed to correspond with that gentleman upon the subject . It was then agreed that Messrs . Leach and Corry should obtain signatures to thc petition , taking care that such signatures were genuine , and that they be paid for their labour . Petition sheets were then ordered
to be prepared , and a vote of thanks to , and confidence in , Mr . O'Connor , having been passed , the meeting separated . Nottixgiiam . —A delegate meeting was held at the Seven Stars , Barker-gate , on Sunday , the 10 th inst ., when the following resolutions wero agreed to : — " That all subscriptions to the Victim Fund be paid to the treasurer , Mr . "W . II . Mott , and when the amount so paid reaches £ 1 , it shall be transmitted by him to the general treasurer , and be acknowledged in tho Northern Star . "—" . That the secretary be instructed to warn the delegates in tlie various localities in and near Nottingham , that a meeting will be held at the Seven Stars , Barkergate , on Sunday next , at half-past two in the afternoon _, on business of importance ,
_Pinsbuht . —The members of the above locality , met at tlieir rooms , 34 , Clerkcnwell-grecn , on Tuesday evening , June 12 th . Mr . Dicey in the chair . — Moved by Mr . Puzzen , and seconded by Mr . Pool : — " That the memhers of this locality , meet in future on Sunday evening , instead of as at present . "—Carried . —Moved by Mr . Allnutt , and seconded by Mr . _Fus-zen : - " That this locality do take steps for the issuing of tracts , to bo given away when the committee go round witli the petition , "—Moved by Mr . Fuzzcn , seconded by Mr . Pool : — " That steps be taken to tall thc whole of the members together on Sunday evening next , for the purpose of taking steps to get the Chartist petition as numerously signed as possible . "— -Carried . —Moved by Mr . Lee , seconded by Mr . lilake : — " That Mr . Alfred
Fuzzen be elected as delegate to the Metropolitan Delegate Committee . "—Carried . —A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman , when he announced that there had been tiie sum of 7 s . Id . collected for the Charter Association . —The meeting then adjourned to Sunday evening , Juno 17 th . Hull , —A public meeting of tho inhabitants of this town w as called by placard , to be held in the Freemason ' s Lodge , Mytongate , ( a largo and commodious room ) , on Monday Evening , June 11 th , to take into consideration the propriety of once more petitioning thc Ilouse of Commons in favour of the People's Charter . Mr . W . J . Brankling was called to the chair , and opened the meeting in an appro priate speech . —Mr . Martin moved the fil'st resolution ' — " That it is the opinion of this meeting that
nothing short of the People ' s Charter being made the law of the land can secure to this country those rig hts and liberties- which alone can satisfy the wants and necessities of the present age . " The speaker tken read the petition to the meeting , _aad , in an excellent speech , alluded to the various points ofthe Charter . —The petition was seconded by Mr . R . Jackson , and supported by Mr . II . Hancock , and on the chairman putting it to the meeting , it was carried unanimously . Wm . Johnson moved :. _*•• _-. That the petition be forwarded to J ames Clay , Esq ., member for Hllll , for presentation , accompanied _withanotercsjiectfully _i-equesfcing him sad M . J . Baines , Esq . to support the prayer by t . _keu * votes , on F . O'Connor , Esq . ' s motion being brought before the Hott _30 . " Seconded by Mr . G _' - * o . Harnett ,,
and _cavvvedunanimously . —Moved by Mr . Martis _, " That tho thanks of tbis meeting b _» presented to James _Chy , Esq ., for his consistent conduct m sapportin _* Mr . Hume ' s motion . " Seconded by Mr . Johnswi , supported by Mr . G . _Baarnett _, and _carried unanimously . — -Aft er a vote of tbanks to the _ehairman the meeting separated . . .. Halifax —Oa Sunday last a camp _mcetsng was held on _Skirccat Moor , to promulgate the principles oft he People ' s _Charter . Tho meeting was addressed by Mr . _Councillor Brook , of Leeds , Mr . Ciissett , and other talented speakers , Tho Chartists of Halifax have once more raised the Chartist
banner , and are determined to coaimcncc a vigftro . us ag itation forthe Charter , name—andpi _* ii _\< _iiplcs . ——On Tuesday evening , Juno 12 , the men \ bi > rs of this association met in the Working-man ' s . Hall , when the following persons were elected aa council for tho ensuing quarter : — -Thomas Wood , Isaac Ciissett , Thomas Holdcn , George _Webbeis Benjamin Wilson , David Horsfall _; . Alexander Sti > adling , president ; John Edwards , vice-president . ; , Matthew Hurst , treasurer ; Joseph Binns , a _< iovctary ; " Joseph Briggs , corresponding-secretary . All communications for tho Halifax _Ctravtist Association ; to be addressed to Joseph-Briggs , coiTCspoitfUP . g-sccrc tary , 7 , Range Bank , Halifax .
Datsios.—-A Public Meeting Was Held On S...
IMPORTANT FROM FRANCE . _^ PARIS IX MILITARY OCCUPATION . ( From the Globe . ) Paris , Wednesday Afternoon . —This is another lamentable th y for i > : „ . is : m j F _* . ai ) ce . All the worlung men are out of doors—bodies of troops aro parading to and fro-great part of the National _buards 1 are under arms—the gardens of the _TuU lenes , the Place de Carrousel , the Palace of tho President , the Place VendOme , the principal public buildings the mairies , Ac , arc occupied bv soldiery—all the shopsare closed—business is entirel y suspendod—in a word , emeute is again raging , but up to this moment ( three o ' clock ) without barricade ' s , and without slaughter . It is said , indeed , IMPORTANT FROiM FRANCE .
that some snots neve oeen exchanged between the gendarmerie and the people , and that some of the mob have fired on the commandants of the troops ; but even if tbis be true , there has , I _repeat , been iso regular _conflict . The > vIioIe town , however , 19 in a atate of _trmondous excitement , and there is no saying what my _happsB-v _Nearly all the hod _jouroala of this morning _cofttein violent _cxcStnUons " _- to the ? __ people frenv the representatives of the Mo . _unt-vSa , from the _jDemocratfo-and Socialist Committee , foam tlie Comiait'teeof itlie Schools , the lie " publican Brass , Ac ,-te .-A grand' > acific demonstration ,, in favour of tk * - Constitutiofty took place - this- mousing . A great number of _National _Guai'ds- in _-aiiform ( anions ' of
whom were several officei * s » - _^ soine thorn of superior rank ) _bir 5 without arias ; , and- avast crowd of people of difterest classes , but chiefly workmen ia blouses , _assemwVd at the Chateau . _d'Eau on the Boulevards , and after _foriuing bheiiueDves iu proeession , descended the Boufevnttls ia ranks of eight or ten , _arm-iaKii'in . A few National Guard 9 walked first , to clear the way foi r the- procession , which tliey did by simply waving , alien / hands for tlie- people to standi aside . As the head of the procession was a row of _Aational' ( $ _uavdsr in tlio centre of whom was _Colonel i ' _oresfsier ( whose arrest some time ago by tho govorauiont _cheated great f-ensation ) _, and one or two _superioit offtcers . _EtieiMMf Arago was _also'at tho ho : id
at'clie-procession , which included fi'on « 12 , 000 to lo , 000 * " _cftiti-onjiL _Guardav The procession advanced down , tiny _Gensre of the- Boulevards with ai grave and _sslbnin . snap , as if engaged in . 1 funeraLi ceremony . At intervals , however , it stopped , and raised a loud- shotcit of " Vive- la Constitution ! "' after wh ' ch io ag _.-iir _?' slowly wended its way . On- arriving at _tlie-ooi'iiei of the Hue de la Paix , _wliera a _detaehmeot of the * National Guards was stationed , the _pr-wossion stopped , _and the multitude farming it , taking ; off their lints ,, again shouted " Vive la Constitiitawn . l . " At the same moment strong detachments of * lancers , Dragoons , & c ., headed by General Changarnier and the- Prefect of Police , galloped down : the * street . The- body was broken by- the troops ,,
oneparty _withdrawing by tho small _i-trccts _leading . ' down from the Boulevard , and the rest _towards the Madeleine . Some accidents eoourred whilst _tiker cavalry was _proeeeding down tho- Boulevards ; ono * dragoon being hurt by a fall , and a Ksitio ( ii » t Guard having tod his face cut _vrash-n sabre . Tho * passages remainsd uninterrupted _itu-tiic neighbourhood of the lino- de la Paix . The- demonstration-, we understand ,, fssore with them a petition to the ? Legislative Assembly against the w ;« vafcllomo .. On the _proccsfiinsi being dispersed ,, and thc crowd * being separated in . the different _streete-,. they immediately set up a cry of " Aux amies- ! . " and _wicltthis cry retreated to their different nrrondissements . Oppositethe Cafe do Paris , in . the Boulevard des _ItalienSj . an . attempt was made to form a , barricade . An omnibus and a _carriags-wt-re seized and upset by the mob ,, who commenced , to- pull u _*> the pavement , but some of the Tiraillemw do
Vincennes , c oming up- at the moment , _chni-go-1 with their bayonets , and set the insurgents at ; once to * flig ht . At half-past three there was some firing in the direction of _tlie-Bii-stille . The Porte _gfo . _Mtiiitiii is quiet , but the streets are filled _withti-oops ,. who < are apparently to bivouack theio all ni ght ,. : i » tliey are fully supplied- with rations and ; _grovender for their horses . It is said that the insurgents commenced , making ' barricades in the nei _ghbourhood of the Hallos ,-, bus - that they have been pwfc down by the troops .. It isannounced that the artillery of the National ( _Simrds , which is known for its- _adherence to tiie principles of tlie lied _llepublicans _^ endearoured to _suizoupon the cannon and to haud them ever to the insurgents , but tliat General Changarnier , having got _notioe of their intention , seized . u . pon tlie cannon . An _oudeir has been issued for the -arrest of Colonel Gurnard , who is said to have given , the orders for the delivery of thc cannon to the _insur-rents .
Orders were given" last night for the National Guai'ds to turn out _thi"i- morning at eleven , _o'bibek , in case of need , and in was intimated tliat therappel should not be beaten . It has been rcmaske-l that comparatively very tew obeyed tho order .. In the lOch Legion , of oite battalion , consisting of 5 , 000 men , only twenty-three appeared at the -dactt of rendezvous , and in the 7 th Legion tho attendance was still worse . In all tho Legions ,, the indifference and coldness of the Rational Guards iras remarked as a bad indication ofthe state of public opinion on the part of the public as- respects thc government policy .
Tlie President and Ministry have demanded , of the Assembly a law to- place Paris in a state of siege . Felix Pyat and Theodore Bac , two . of the members of thc . Mountain , have been arrested ; It is rumoured tliat Etinnc Arago , Considerant , and Ledru Rollin havo also been arrested ., ' it is " stated that in the Rue do la Paix a National Guard , seeing a body of Cuirassiers eoniing . _dowu with drawn swords , opened his coat with , both hands , and , standing in thc middle of the _roaddmia- _'l his breast . A _Cuu-assier transfixed hini . as h » passed , ( From the Morning Chronicle . )
P . _vitis , Thursuay . — The Assembly last ni ght passed the decree declaring Paris and the first ; _imlitary division in a state ot siege , by a uiajoisity of 394 to 32 . The measure can be extended t : _» " any town in France . M . Odillon Barrot annouviced that he would bring forward other _measures to-day . General Changarnier is re-appointed to _tlio-ni'itcd command of the National Guard and the fa-si Military Division . Thc Montagnard representatives having attempted to form a convention at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers , declared themselves en _iier _. _nanence . Eight representatives were arrc 8 ted ,. iiaiiielv , AIM . Suc ' hct , Targin , l >' aj-oIie , 1 ' ilhec , ' _ISobIi ,. _Deviflc Fawtier , Mague , Imd Daniel . AIM . "Ledru- I-tolliii , Boichot , and Rattier wero present , i . ut escaped . M . Siguard is wounded .
Colonels _Forrestier , E . Arago , and two- others of tho National Guards are arrested . The artillery of the National Guard is dissolved . None ofthe Socialist papers have _appended to-day . The presses of the Peuple have been seized .. In several quarters attempts were _niaik- to erect barricades , but they failed . Notwithstanding . the number of shots fired few lives seem . t _» _. liave been lost . _Several printing offices have been pillaged and destroyed by the National Guards- of the first legion , encouraged , it is said , by magistrates . A gunsmith ' s shop was pillaged by the people . Great numbers of persons are arrested . ( From tlie Daily _Ncivs : ) , The _fijrhtii * _" - has recommenced this- Morning in the FauGounr St . Marceau , and all tbo ¦¦ unrte ' _ra situated in tfic direction of tlie _Panilicoo , where the proletariat are in most numbers .. _LsUru Rollin is said to-be with them .
THE LATEST FOREIGN NEWS . ( From tlio Times ')! Paris * Friday . —Tho _Monitsur . publishes a proclamation to the citizens of Paws ,. _sigiwsJ-by M . _Odil--. _lou Barrot , the President of the- _Council , and the _? other member- ; of the Cabinet ,, _aai-iouiichig thr . _y-Paris is declared in a _stuto- of _s-kge , as thc _osil . _yv means of saving the Republic-and . _liie _ConstitutiowL A great aumber of arrests . _coisiiii'x _* to bo mails . in . Paris ., in tl e course of _'ibiitcsday thirty chic _^ . o _*^ secret societies were taken . in . -iihouse in _thfc . _Ifeifijr Coq . _Iiwon . _- Letters from the province ' s announce tha ' r . o / _qjug _* - " - deraMe excitement pre vailed ai Toulouse an'J ' . _Ijj- _v'n" -j _. At lAheinis an attempt , was- J"iade to distu * sb ., }* _iib ' _a 0 tL ' aaquillity , hut it was qiihkly suppressed , b y tne Niisional Guard , togpther -with tlio _trocvj- _^ c ! f t ' { _gun-ison . La I ' atrie _annouflcos _tSat M . Lcdni _S _^ _iT n has Been arrested oiv the _ros-i to Lyons ;
In the Legislative-Assembly on _FrulsjA-tibr . pU _* j _]* sitting was resumed ,. ¦ ' amli M . Paillet $ _4- { _" « -. ** lCl [ ; i Vli port declaring that tke- committee a . £ ppii 0 * [ ct * * i _[ lti Bureaux , weiie _ima'i-ii-aously of _ojiiiw ;* that the authorisation to arie & l- and proseci ! . _^ . V \ _di-u Rollin , Consideraut _, E » _Utis-: V and _BoicUe _* _* , b / _o-r anted to the _goveiT . nient . . . The Assembly - _^ v acc ° voted tlio authorisation . " , The Minister of the Interior «> _-ve _wonted a bill to _interdict for the term of on * ye . ir all clubs and _political meet-jags calculated te , ! . \ is _> ' . ul . b public order . " TJrgency" was declared on tho Bill , and it was _oi'dcrcd . _to-unconsidered _iniVu _*" , Bureaux the same day . . The- Assembly then _waty . . _.-Paris , continued perfect _^ tr anquil . _BOM-BAllD-JaBX-V OF ROME / ' ' ( fm _\\^' Daily Neii's . ) -. "" : ' ' _*'
The bomb . irdmoM . v- as renewed at two o ' clock en flip Cth . The _attaeli has been resinned on tiie same points as before-, nnd the cannon again thunders behind Porta . San Pancraziol The'bonibsirdmciU of venerable Home' is a Vandalism of which ho ono would have supposed The Palazzo Spada chv _^ cli of Santa : •" . now the . effects damage will be , no _structive labour is ahce
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 16, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_16061849/page/1/
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