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<4, '. • -;¦ -T -. -rr- TI" ¦»**»:.- =^S...
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THE M ' mE'3 YICTORIBS AT'THE KBCE^"]?^
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DEMOCRATIC FESTIVAL.
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•Thk Feateksht of Natiohs. —A Public Svb...
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FATAL ACCIDENT TO AN EXPRESS TRAIN ON TH...
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Thk WABBisaroN Cohspibact.— Webeg to dir...
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PORTRAITpE ERNEST ' JONES, EsdJ • -•" • Bakrister-at-Law. > .. >- ,
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' THE i^OETHPN STAR 8AT0RDAY, SEPrBMBBB18,I8*^ '
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A PILL FOR POLITICAL ECONOMISTS. In retu...
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¦ ¦ "- THE PALAGBAND THE.BASTUS,- "' . '...
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STATE OF TRADE—FUTURE PROSPECTS. ' The p...
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€o -Heaims £ €omtimfteti &
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u, A ,„ . _ KBCEllANKOOS. «ar a^dhave fo...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
<4, '. • -;¦ -T -. -Rr- Ti" ¦»**»:.- =^S...
_< 4 , ' . - ;¦ -T _-. _-rr- _TI" _¦»**» :.- = _^ _S _^^ L
The M ' Me'3 Yictoribs At'the Kbce^"]?^
THE _M ' mE' 3 YICTORIBS _AT'THE KBCE _^"]?^
Ad00413
_~ :: z . \ :- ¦ :- ; ¦ ; : ¦ A _^ UBLIC PTNN _; E RT .- _£ _* 7 _^ . V :, _^ _- _^ . _rl * * ;¦ ' " THE CROWN AND ; ANCHOR _TAVERNy' _STRANp ; ; . ' _•'"'¦ _' - On MOSDA . Y * _SV _* eNIN 6 , Ociobeb 25 tH , ; . i 847 . ; . ' ' . ° : . . ; , , _* _k-v- " _- . ¦ _-.. . D _' ainer on Table at Six _o'Clock precisely . Tickets , 3 s . 6 d . each . - - . . i > -. ¦ . ifr WILLIAM BlXON i of Manehes _^ er , mV take the Chmri -, - The following Members of Parliament havebeen invited , and are expected to attend : —T . S . Duneombe , T . _"Wsrkley , P . ( tfConnor , Ceorge Thompson , 7 . P . Thompson , W . J , Fox , W . S . Crawford ; . Charles Seeley , JehuWiU Kana , Sir J . Walmesley _. C . 1 _'eatsori . R . Gardner , J . _Bewring , J , Hume , O'Gotuwa Kabonj . Ralpb Osborne , _Wv Schofidd , Charles Hindley , O . P . Manti , J ; Brotherton , Sir B . Hall , John Walter and Lard , Robert Grosvenor . Likewise thefollowing gentlemen , who , as candidates , vindicated tbe cause of the people . at the hustings : —P . 21 'Gratb , T . Clark , E . C . Jones , J . H . Parry , H , Tmcent , J . Pielden , E . Miall , J . M . li . Cobbett , J . . Hardy , Charles Cochrane , W . Williams , J . Sturge , W . P . Roberts , Dr Bpps , S . Kydd , and Ot . 3 . Harney ..-. ¦ _- .. ¦ ' A Tbe public will be admitted by ticket , after dinner , at a ebwge of Threepence _caab . * Tickets to be had at tbe fclbwiagplaces : — " . _""" _' . ' . - ' . - _ . ' _-., Kesisn Colliv « r '« - Con * _ee-honse , _Holywell-street ; Skelton , _CecU-coort ; St . MartinVlane ; Parkes , Little - WinanuU . street ; Mflue , 1 , Umoa-atteet , _BetTteley-Bqnate ; W _, _^ Cuffay , ' Portland- Street , Polandair « et ; A . _Paier , Hews Agen t ,. _Harrow-road ; B . Ro _? er , cooper , Lambeth-walk ; _Edjrtfds ; jeweller , ¦ _WeJten-street ,.. _Bermondiej ; Godwin , Great _Chesterfield-atreet , Harylebone ; Clark ' s ' Coffee honse , Ml , _"fidgwara-road ; Stallwood , 2 , Little Vale place , Hammersmith-road ; W . Dear , Workman's Own Shop , 11 , _Totted iam _Conrt-road ; Northern Star Office , Great _Windmill-street ; National Land Office , " 114 ; High Holborn ; of the _Goanriitteeg at their place of meeting ( every Tuesday evening ) , Assembly Rooms , 8 J , _Dean-street ; Soho ; and all places of meeting of the Land and . Charter bodies thronghont tbe metropolis ; of the Secretary , Mr James _firassby , 8 , Noah ' s Ark-court , Stargate , Lambeth , and at the bar ofthe Tavern . _'" . " ' .- _'' " ' .. _' " _¦' . '"' .
Ad00414
In 24 Numbers , Oblong foolscap _^ Price , to Schools , 10 s . 3 d . per 100 , or l } d . each 1 ! ., _TtSOSTER'S PAROCHIAL SCHOOL COPY BOOKS ; J ? ; being a New and -Improved System of Teaching Writing , designed more especially for the Distraction of Children or ADULTS , in large numbers , at the least' and possible expense of time and money . The Contents of this . Series are as f olio wa : — . No . 1 to 10 . " _* niu _^ tory « ercisfts . No ., 11 and 12 . Initiatory exercises ; test-hand , with ¦ guidance . ' - *'/'• . "So . l 3 'ariai 4 . Capitals , Figures , and lessons in text : and ronnd-band . , -
Ad00415
PRIESTLY DOMINATION THE BANE OF NATIONS This day , a new and improved Edition ; price reduced to 5 s ,, of the : POPULAR HISTORY OF PRIESTCRAFT , in all Ages and Nations . By Wiuux Howitt . Eighth Edition , with large Additions . - , _rHowitfs ; History of Priestcraft has long passed the "bourn of criticism . -Its services to the cause of civil arid religions freedom cannot well be rated too highly , arid we look npon it as one ofthe great agents in enabling the people to resist the efforts of the traitor priests ofthe establishments . In tins edition there is a great mass of sew matter , and above all , the'book now . appears at a greatly reduced price . " - £ refer Western Timet . "London : Effiingnam Wilson , Publisher , ll , Royal ;; Exchange . , .
Ad00416
A _^ COLOURED DAGUERREOTYPE PORTRAIT in J \ . best morocco oaseforlos _., vfhieb is 15 s . less tban any ofller London establishment , and warranted' to be equally good , by MR ECERTON , 148 , FleeUtreet , _ratcsite Bonvene-street , and 1 , Te « ple-street , Whitetnars . Open daily from nine till fear . Foreign Apparatus Agent to Yoigthmder and Liribours , a complete _liookof Instruction , prise 7 s . Gd .,- _% y post lOs Pri e "Bsts sentpostfree .
Ad00417
_v " FOR ONE SOVEREIGN ONLY . " TO PERSONS wishing to obtain a correct knowledge of tie Art of Distillation . 'The 'Advertiser having bad thirty years * practice in drieot the first Distilleries in London , is vriuingto give instructions , by receipt , to snch parties as may wish to learn tiie above , Art . His process in the Distillation renders it entirely free from the smoky flavour , at present so predominant On advance of Post-office Order to John Alger Hancock , No- 5 . Faircloth-place , High-street , Lambeth , London , the fall instructions will be forwarded .
Ad00418
A MEMBER of the NATIONAL LAND COMPANY is willing to DISPOSE ofa FOBS ACRE SHAKE in the THIRD SECTION , on . account of it b _: ing inconvenient to him , at present , to change his residence . —Apply to E . HobsoB , News Agent , Old-street , _Ashton-nnder-* Lyne . ¦ ¦ ' . - ; - - " -. """ _" "" " WAEBESGTON . C 0 NSPD 2 ACY 1 ! " : ' " A GENERAL . MEETING of Engineers , Machinists , and other branches of trade , will be held at the GEOWN AND ANCHOR TAYEEN , STRAND , on Saturday Evening , September _SStb , when W . P . Ro » eets , Esq ., will attend and _gire an exposition of the case , so fax as it hashitherto proceeded . Chair to be taken at Seven o ' clock .
Ad00419
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE ; WOOLROAD _UPPEE MILL LOCK .. SUPERINTENDINg " cONSTABLE WANTED . A SUPERINTENDING CONSTABLE for the SADDLEWORTH DIVISION of Upper-Agbrigg , in the "ffapontake of Agbriggand _JUoriey , in th * West Riding of the connty ofYork _> consisting ofthe township of Quick , win be appointed at the next General Quarter Sessions ofthe _Peaw , to be holden by Adjournment at _Lkeds , in and for the West Riding of the County of York , on Wednesday , the Twentieth day of October next , at twelve o ' clock a taoon . The Superintending ConstabH _' s Salary will be £ 120 a year . He mustp « mdt for the security of the prisoners and _lock-updunnghu absence without any further expense to the Biding—he will be reg . uired to dtvote hi » whols time to the duties of the office , and to follow ne
Democratic Festival.
DEMOCRATIC FESTIVAL .
•Thk Feateksht Of Natiohs. —A Public Svb...
• Thk Feateksht of _Natiohs . —A Public Svbssb will be held on Monday , September 20 th , at tne German flail , White Hart , Drury-lane , in commemoration of the founding ofthe French Republic , and tbe formation of thesociety of Fraternal Democrats . British , French , German , Polish , and Italian democrats will take part in the proceedings . Supper on table at eight o ' clock ; Tickets may be bad of G . J . Harney , Northern Star office ; C .
Schapper , 24 , King-street , Soho ; Thomas Clark , Chartist Land Company office , 144 , High Holborn ; C Keen , 7 , Poplar-row , New Kent-road "; J . Overton , 14 , Tabernacle-row , City-road ; J . Shaw , 24 , Gloucesterstreet , Commercial-road east : Henry Ross , 11 , Edith Villas , North-end Fulham ; E . Stallwood , Hammersmith ; Dear , _National Trades'Office , 11 , _Tottenlam-court Road ; — Skelton , 24 , Cecil-court , St "Martin ' s lane : and J . Arnott , 8 , Middlesex-place , Somers Town . Ernest Jones will take the chair .
tj- _e" Tickets cannot be had after Sunday . Tbe Committee for making arrangements are requested to meet at the above ball at six o ' clock precisely on Sunday evening . All persons holding tickets are expected to attend at the same time and place , or at least send ward as to the number of tickets sold .
Fatal Accident To An Express Train On Th...
FATAL ACCIDENT TO AN EXPRESS TRAIN ON THE MANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILWAY . An accident of a most fearful character happened en Thursday afternoon , to an express train on the Manchester and Leeds Railway , by which the lives ef two passengers were sacrificed , and many others seriously injured . The train left Manchester at one o ' clock , with a number of passengers , and when near the _Sawerby-bridge station the last carriage got off the line . Before the train could be stopped the carriage aad struck the abutments of some ef the bridges witb such force as nearly to demolish it , throwing several of the passengers out witb considerable violence . Mr Gillard , superintendant of the
telegraph , was found to nave been killed on the spot . In the wreck of the shattered carriage was Mr Robert Weston , surveyor-general of customs , shockingly injured , having sustained compound fractures ofthe thigh and ancle , and fracture ofthe skull . Mr Moon , his secretary , was also serieasly hart , and the other passengers in the carriage more or less so . They were removed to the nearest hotel , and promply supplied with medical aid . Unfortunately Mr Weston ' s injuries were of so frightful a nature as to preclude the possibility of his surviving . Be lingered , in great pain , for some hoars , when death ended his sufferings .
Thk Wabbisaron Cohspibact.— Webeg To Dir...
Thk _WABBisaroN Cohspibact . — Webeg to direct the attention of our readers to an advertisement in another _c-jlumn , convening a meeting of tke engineers and other trades , at the Crown and Anchor , on the evening ofthe 25 th inst . ; at which the miners Attorney-General will attend for the purpose of explaining tbe circumstances connected with this cue . We trust that the meeting will be such as to show the oppressors of honest industry tbat labour ' s sons are firmly resolved to * stick by tbeir own . order . '
Ad00421
JUST PUBLISHED ,. HO . IX . OF " THE LABOURER , " mice _sMcr-racs . _^ . ' ... ' _,... Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to the Editors , 16 Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , Loadoa . Orders received by all agents for the " Northern Star " and all booksellers in town aid _canntry .
Ad00422
THE LABOURER ; The ensning number of tbo Laboubeb , , will be entirely devoted to a treatise upon the National Land Company , and the National Land and Labour Bank , as an auxiliary to that establishment , written by , Feargus O'Connor , M . P ., and shonld be preserved as a part of tho literature of tbe day , by every one who' feels an interest in thepro . gress of human happiness , and the stability of our NationallnstitntionB , _- _—^ - _^ - _~ - As this treatise proves indisputably the _. _influenco that the project is calculated'to exercise j overall future governments ; it is the intention of tbe proprietor to place a number . in the hands of every individaal , member of Parliament , so that , wben tie pigmy privileges of a worn out aristocracy Shall be' called upon to yield to the progressing knowledge of the age . Hone shall be able to plead ignorance of the influence wbicb bas Bopped this mine of corruption and folly . _^ _. _u -u _t * : ' -i- _•;' . "> -. '• • : • ' < :.- ¦ ¦ . ¦ . ¦ , Agents are requested to send ; their orders in time : an immense demand being ' anticipated .- .., " - " . - . .
Ad00423
- Now Ready , a New Edition of . MB . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS To be had atthe . _Net-tforn Star Office , 16 , SreatWind mill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manchester ...
Portraitpe Ernest ' Jones, Esdj • -•" • Bakrister-At-Law. ≫ .. ≫- ,
PORTRAITpE ERNEST ' JONES , _EsdJ - " Bakrister-at-Law . > .. > - ,
Ad00424
" **> ' *» <¦ * _- _, ' - ' - ' - - ' .: '• : _n . t .. * _•') .
Ad00425
_NATIONALUSC _^ fiND LABOUR BANK . In future , all letters intended for this Establishment are jtb be addressed simply ;' _' To the Manager of the ' ; . National Iiaiad and Labour Bank , 144 iHigKHolborn , - _'; Loudon . '
' The I^Oethpn Star 8at0rday, Seprbmbbb18,I8*^ '
' THE i _^ OETHPN STAR 8 AT 0 RDAY , SEPrBMBBB 18 , _I 8 _*^ '
A Pill For Political Economists. In Retu...
A PILL FOR POLITICAL ECONOMISTS . In returning , according to promise , to the objections urged by tbe newspaper critics against tbe plans Ofthe Nationai . Land Company , we propose to grapple with one which they consider the mo 3 t formidable , namely—tbe subdivision of the soil into small holdings—which constitutes so prominent a feature in these plans . Oneof the canons of modern Political Economy is , that the most economical and productive mode of cultivating the soil is to throw
it into large farms , and that a general sub-division of the soil into small holdings , is , in ail cases , concomitant with a low general condition of the people , so situated and employed . Acting upon this principle , tbe most persevering efforts have been made in modern times for tbe extension of the large farm system . By many writers , the evils of Ireland are mainly attributed to the existence of smallholdings ; while the comparative 1 prosperity of Scotland , with
its large farms , is triumphantly adduced as a proof of the superiority of that ' system . Latterly , the opponents of small farms ' , ' have cited France as another instance of the pernicious effects of the subdivision of the soil , and even Belgium ; and refsoning from these data , they assume that the extensive _introduction of that principle into this _country—^ through the medium ofthe : Land Company—will be productive of national injury , and individual loss .
There is something exceedingly specious in these arguments , when looked at from one point of view . But when tbey are closely examined , their fallacious character is easily detected . In the first place , it ought to be kept constantly in . view that , in arguing the comparative merits of the two systems , the Political Economists try everything by tbeir usual standard—how far it contributes to the increase of wealth , and the interests of capital—without reference to its moral and domestic tendencies . Mr
Senior , one of the most celebrated doctors of the new economical philosophy , explicitly states , that Political Economy , as such , has nothing , whatever to do with morals . Its legitimate object being : simply to enquire into the means of . _increasirig . the national wealth at the smallest cost of capital and labour . Tbe celebrated Scottish system of _, farming is based upon thisi principle , quite _as . much as the manufacturing system of Lancashire , arid acts with precisely tbe same result-v—so far as the labourers are concerned . The farmer keeps the smallest possible
amowit of manual labour for the necessary attendance on the steam-eng ine , the machines it drivesthe inventions of the modern agricultural implement maker—and the few manual operations , which have not yet been abrogated by the inventions of the mechanic . To these labonrers the lowest possible remuneration is given . They assist in growing large crops of the finest wheat , but it may be almost literally said , that not a grain of it reaches their . table . It is carried away to be disposed of in the distant market towns , while they are fed upon bread composed of
the meal ground from barley and peas . A I white loaf is , or at all events used to be , within our own recollection and experience , a rare visitor indeed to the cottage of a Scottish " hind . " In this respect , that class are placed in an analogous position to tbe operatives in the manufacturing districtsthey work for exportation , not consumption . The labonrers , in both cases , are looked upon merel y as part of the machinery requisite for producing a given amount of wealth , which has afterwards to be turned in . o gold for the benefit of the landlord and farmer , the manufacturer and the merchant . The question of _oorwufsing fuel for the engine , stands on the same
A Pill For Political Economists. In Retu...
' —"""""" IT' *— ' _~^ « ound , comes . under the same category as the _subsistenceofthe labourer _whjpJaaV to supply ir , and -both are , according to'the orthodox _andt-recognised creed of Political Economy _^ to _^ bo provided _?^ the _^ l _^ v _^^ t _^ fT _^' : ' ! . _' " y '" ' ! . _"' _**!' It js _very obyious ihat however _^^ muc _^ this system may _. facilitatethe production of _ctdic _^ _s _wd _cprhj it leaves out of sight certain essential elements in the constitution of a prosperous and happy nation . The wealth which is ; thus made' _the-swmmtw'Sonww-of human existence , becomes , in consequence of the non-observance of the moral obligations which ite the real cement of society , a curse and not a blessing to the nation which conducts its business on such
false and depraved principles .. Despite of ; the learned jargon written by closet-bred philosophers , and tbe flippant oratory spouted by counting-house patriots , there are inwoven iu the constitution of nature _^ principles of right and wrong , which , cannot , be systematically violated without entailing certain retribution . ; Th e state of affairs , and the general condition of the people , in every nation of Europe at this moment , afford melancholy evidence of the manner in _wbichrthe avenging Nemesis ever _dogsjfche offenders against ' the naturallaws of equity . ¦ '•' ¦ -
The upholders of the orthodox system of Political Economy may ; perhaps , say that these observations ; while they impugn the system of which ' they are the advocates , do not prove that on which the National _LahdComtany is _founded ' to'be ' correct . ; Before closing this article , we propose to show , by reference to facts ; that the latter , when fairly carried out , is productive riot only of the moral and ' domestic advantages which we des'derate , but is also _. productive of a higher degree of general comfort and of physical enjoyment , than is now realised by their _ojrnboasted sys teitn ., _' •'• . '"; ' ••"'¦¦ - ¦'• ; . ¦'• . .- ; . .- . ¦ _•"' . no ,- . _& Hy - -Hr .:.
. Few travellers of modern times have , more , closely or philosophically observed the working and- effects of national institutions in the various' countries he has- visited ; than Mr Samuel Lain * . In his work on Sweden ' ahd'Norway , published _^ a few years' since , he exhibited a remarkable political phenomenon , [ which is best described in his owhwords : —<" " The two kingdoms , of Europe , where , crime is highest and lowest in amount , are found side by side , and , in every circumstance ,. _« _awpoHticalahd ' sgeial institutions , precisely similar ; save that , in soil and in climate ; Sweden enjoys considerable _advantages . oyer hen poor and ; hardy , hut . intellig _^^ _virtuow , and independent sister . C _^ orwaty ) " ., -. ' _- ,.. _;
' Intelligence , virtue , and independehcej an- almost complete exemption from crime , arid _tbediffusionof general comfort among a people , are not things to be met with every day . in the pages of the traveller _); when they are , they deserve a little more attention than the speculations of the niere theorist , rio ' matter though his head may be crammed with all the elaborate propositions contained in all the tomes of political economists , from Adam Smith down ' to . j . R . M' & JIXOCH . : - - •¦ : _' ¦ : ¦¦'¦ < _> : _¦'« vi . > _-.: _>•;
In commencing an enquiry into the- causes of Norwegian prosperity and rural superiority , we are- hiet ; . / at _^ the threshold ; by " , the , fact , that the very system ; decried by our theoretical economists arid Free Traders , exists in that country , Mr Lain g resided in different parts of Nor way , for aboutjtwo years . 'He evidently made use of every opportunity afforded him of scrutinising the moral , domestic , and social , as well as political position ' of the Norwegians , and , after a minute aBd _carefufex amination _. he deliberately concludes them to be the
happiest people in Europe , if not in the world . Mr Laing explicitly attributes , this to /' the extensive diffusion of landed property among the people ; and the general equality which is maintained by the smallness of the estates . In a population of rather less than 1 , 000 , 000 , there are about 41 , 656 landed proprietors . , Mr Laing estimates , that one man in every 22 is a landed proprietor in , Norway , and , in Scotland , only one in every 700 of the population . Though the estates are generally small ( consisting , in general , of from forty ; to fifty acres ) , they-are
sufficient to furnish all the comforts and many of the elegancies of life . Indeed , the whole nation is , according to Mr Laing , well lodged , well' fed , well clothed in their household manufactures , and . have abundance of fuel . Leisure and ease of mind are largely , enjoyed by all the Norwegians . . The ; feverish excitement which pervades English society , under the reign of Political Economy / is unknown among them . Nor is this the description of one class . The housemen , or married labourers , and workmen of all descriptions , are in a much better ' condition than the same class in other countries . ¦ Almost
every Norwegian plays on some instrument , and the nation is . fond of dancing , to which pastime their long winter nights , and easy , social habits , are peculiarly favourable . _!! _T ' _' ¦ * . _'' , ¦ ' Mr Laing presents the . following picture of the rural _population _math ' s' country [ of / small estates . It presents a delightful' . ' contrast , to that observed in this country , where low wages , insufficient diet , and squalid hovels , are , the lot of most of tbe agricultural labourers , under the system of , large farms and larger ' estates ' . _w ; :
" Thebonder , or agricultural peasantry , eabh the proprietor of his own farm , occupy the country from the shore-side to the hill foot , and . up . every ., valley or glen as far as corn can grow . This class is the kernel ofthe nation . They are , in general , fine athletic men , as their properties are riot so large as to exempt them from work , but large " enough to afford them and their household abundance , and even superfluities , of the best food ., ' They farmnot
to raise produce for sale to much as to grow , everything thty eat , drink , anduiearin theirown families They build their own houses , make . their own chairs , tables , ploughs , _csrts , harness ,, iron-work , basket and . wood-work—in short , except , ' window , glass , cast-iron ware , and pottery , everything about their houses is of their own fabrication . There , is not , probably , in Europe so greata populatioriia so happy a condition as these Norwegian yeomanry / ' .
Yet these happy Yeomanry are not only ignorant of Political Economy , but live in a manner which sets at defiance every one of its canons , A set of greater economical infidels cannot _bejsohceived than parties who do not , produce so much for sale as , for home enjoyment , and who , despising the crotchets about subdivision of labour , make almost everything they , _warit'at their own- happy homes . Here is the finish of the portrait , which is enough to make every genuine economist ' s hair stand on end , " like quills upon the fretful porcupine ; ' '— ,
' ! They farm . their little estates ,.- and' consume the produce without seeking to barter or sell , except what is necessary for paying their taxes , and the few articles of luxury they consume . ; There is no money getting spirit amongst tbem , arid none , of extravagance . They enjoy the comfort of excellent houses , good furniture , bedding , linen , clothing , fuel , victuals , and drink , all in abundance , and of their own providing . * * Food , furniture , and clothing being ail home-made , the difference in these matters between the family and the servants , is yery Bmall , "
The servants are , however , lodged in ; 'a- distinct building adjoining the family house . ' , ' The Borstue _; or unmarried servants' house , is better than many of the farm houses in Scotland . It consists ofa large well-lighted sitting-room , with a good stove , benches , chairs , and a table . A kitchen adjoins ; -for cooking and washing , and the upper story is partitioned into bed-rooms , each with a window . The whole of the building , whether parlour or chambers , is " as warm , cheerful , and clean as those of the
main house . " A female domestic attends regularly , to cook and clean for the inhabitants .: Compare the provision thus then for the domestic comforts of those who assist these small working proprietors ofjerty or fifty acres / with that made for the same ops in Scotland , by the landlords who own counties , antwhe farmers who hold on nineteen years' lease ,
A Pill For Political Economists. In Retu...
? aras _^ fTf _»^ by _iMrLAiNO , most _^ trsly _^ m- ]| tlie I / ojloj _^ g _sen-, i " It is _highlf bharaeterisiip of Scotland that _. within sight of its Parthenon , human dens ma y be found in which whole _families-rfather , mother , ar . d grown-up daughters and Bons—are lb'dged under one iroof , witbout other division into _apartments , for , the decent senaration of the sexes , than iB made by the wooden ' * t r _ -Lt ! . _^ ca . _j ¦
bedstead Placed in theMad le ; mama _ojner _, « uur _Cther _twearth . ; thewallofstones and sodsnot lined inside ; the . roof , a . mass , of damp , ro _^ ft S and decayed vegetable substances , supported bv a few sooty rafters , the _wiudbwa , a _^ single pane SSJJof- _SW stuck in _a-hole in the thatch : _orthe " wan - the famH y provisioM of _^ ea , salt , meat , firings _^ S bufe all huddled together _, n the single room . " ' have
_" Truly the Norwegian rural _Iahourers reason to be thankful that their employers are not Political _Economists' and are contented with' their small holdings , little dreaming of the dense state of ignorance which ; they are ' in , and of ; the superiorHy of large farms , large ' estates , " _andthesubstitution of machines—driven by _steam-ffpr happy and -willing labourers . . ¦ - ¦ . -, _ ¦ _-,:- , ; _:.-, , ¦ .. _- ¦ , : ; . '
This article has grown to such a length , that we are com pelled , perforce , to stop for the present . As the internal economy of Norway . presents , however , a complete practical answer , and refutation of many of the _fallacies of the opponents of the Land Scheme , we propose to _resume'the consideration of the subject iriour- next ; and shall afterwards
present other examples of countries in ' which comfort is diffused in conhectibh witha hiihnte sub-division of the _soih Example _is better than precept ; and we prefer infinitely td meet the declaration and arro- ' gant _assumptionsof' the Economists by facts , than to imitate them in these respects . ' ¦ tlj . l ? _..- _- _v'J . _iVlli _stf . i _- _' . _iM ¦[ ' - _.- ' , i- _ _-:- ¦ ' • ' - / ¦ :.
¦ ¦ "- The Palagband The.Bastus,- "' . '...
¦ ¦ " - THE PALAGBAND THE _. _BASTUS ,- "' . ' „ .. , The 8 trange inconsistencies . in the relative ' position of the wealthy and tbe working population , are becoming _dally _. more apparent ., _^ Murder . will out , " ' and . thus a knowledge , of ; the sectional ill-treatment of the . poor , is . _faat / _iSpreadhig . among ,. the general body . Tor a longtime the fastidious rich ignored tbe condition of those beneath tbem - tbeir delicate nerves must not be ; shocked by the sight or sound of misery ; _andthus - they dwelt apart iin a . world of their '' burn . ' The voice : of complaining , however , reaches -their ears at . last ; but'the special subexecutive of the _^ laws distort facts ; and prejudice the humble plaintiff . The sufferer has to speak through an officialspeakihg 4 ube ; or to entrust a petition to
official hands ; aiid those ' among the great and privileged , who havea mbre ' tehderconsciehcethan the rest , lay the flattering unction to their souls / that misery is the fruit cf idleness and dissipation / of "
. _. v ; ;~ _r-r" A cunning trado " . ' ' ¦ 'By which the rogues do thrive . '' - _' By and _^ b y , their eyes are opened , ' and ' then ' their mock phuaritbropby neets to the winds ; " since they see _theirown splendours have caused the wretchedness of their fellows . Those splendours have become a second habit—and then follows , the ; iohg struggle to maintain them 5 then succeed the laws ' made' by the rich to rule the poor ; then results the administration of those . laws , by , the rich , o _*^ er the ; poor 1
then comes the payment ot , the rich official by the poor ; and then , hedged hr bythe vast machinery brought ; in , support of this ; system of , legislation , those splendours , which aristocracy _. was _^ wont , to shroud within _thestatelyseclusion of high walls and portals , grow more , public and more apparent , as the wealthy orders , relying less on that respect and . veneration they bave forfeited , throw themselves on the armed power they have created , and which they are increasing daily . ! Thns we . find , the veil . removed more and more from before the expensive habits of
the twb aristocracies ' of land and money . _;• The houses , which used to conceal internal magnificence behind external gloom , are now becoming showy and costly in exterior' decorations ; ' Corinthian fronts , Moorish fagades , Elizabethian structures , vie with each other—while the luxuries of furiiiture , losing the ' massive cast of baronial times , degenerate into the effeminate costliness of Sybaris ; the grand pomp of thei past , is sinking " into frivolous inanity ; and where formerly envy or . hatred were engendered , the people are beginning to feel
contempt and anger .. This is further increased by the loose ton © of morality pervading the upper classes , arid - specially in France , where public , and private degravity is digging the' grave of corrupt and worthless institutions . Furthermore , we find illustrated , as a sure concomitant of shameless effrontery—i ( we can call waste _> nd splendour , amid a starving population , by no term less harsh)—that the sinews _bf-ppwer are being braced and strengthened . A _fewyears-ago a new Police force' was established _^ good in some points , but placing a powerful agent in the hands of Government . Shortly afterwards a
detective force was added to this . Then unwonted encouragement was given to the army . ; "Good conduct stripes , " and "Good _^ conduct pay , " were bestowed , to keep up an emulative spirit ,. and supply food to the petty ambition of the soldier ; admission to public gardens ftorii which they , had previously been excluded ; then medals were distributed ' and badges given in memory of ( sundry " great fights , " in rivalry of that " crowning carnage , Waterloo , ' '—presentations of colours , and banquets are lavished to keep up the " feeling of the soldier "—till his enthusiasm is so roused that he
e mulates the beast of draught , and degrades _; his manhood by harnessing himself to the carriage of some man who had the " glory " / of ordering him and his fellows to play the murderer to the sound of music ; ' Thus ; and by every possible means / a distinctive feeling is kept up ; between the army and the bulk of the people—that people whose mightily expressed public opinion those very soldiers may have to thank that the lash has not torn their backs , and that the murder at the triangle _is _' not added to the ' . ' . murder iri the field . " But the disease administers its own . corrective—the evil has but to be
known to be remedied—not by the Legislative , nor by the'Executwe _^ but by the People . The apparent apathy of the people was not to be attributed to a wantof feeling ,, or real energy , but to a want of knowledge of their own general position . The local grievance may engender a feeling of discontent , but the universal misery preaches the general crusade against oppression , since it forms the great union of a fellow-feeling among the oppressed , and tbat union is strength .
Meanwhile the palaces are rising , and the sentries are pacing around them j the revelries are proceeding , and the police throng the steps of the mansions lest the gazing poor should feel too hungry ; the sportsmen are bagging their game , where they have pulled down villages and sent , their ' _nfta 8 ifon < _s _" . to the Bastile that they _mitfit form deer forests , where once cottages stood and cornfields waved I Her _Majestt may still see the ruins of those homes in the neighbourhood of Ardverkie— they once
rose in the Breadalbane deer forest of 60 miles by 40-they may be seen by Fort William , where Lord Abinqer has swept away the cultivation encouraged by his predecessor—they may be seen in the Isle of Rum , whence Lord Salisbury has banished men to shelter deer—they may be seen in Iona , whence the Duke of Argyle has exiled a major part of the population ; families as old ' as his own , and with an honeBt ancestry more noble by far ! They may be seen around Ardtornish ; where the Lonnsof the Isles once rallied their vast and well-fed vassalage—
¦ ¦ "- The Palagband The.Bastus,- "' . '...
whereihow _^ _beepjtoyfous _^^^ and _teer _^ _Ssp _^ _bg $ _^^ _^ Ma « 8 tv _and'the-PaiNca havefreflectedfOnsthese things , -while ' tliey have ' beeK 8 h 66 tinr 'deer :: i * 4 ste ' aB of protecting men ; We -hope they : . . h _»> e Jhpugnt how _' many _glaci hearths were ' now 'darkfi and ; cold ; and how- _many'iohd _^ hearts ' ' were ' _^^ now-Ibpaiing faint ' in ejrilej r or 8 ickeuing _:-, in _thei _. _BaBt _¦ _le _^ _that _^ those forests might wave , . and , the deer bound in those solitudes . We hope the pernicious effects ' of _classr
legislation were thus brought home to the ; " volatile young Prince of Wales / ' ( _aiihe courtly ' press has called him , ) and that her humane tutors brought this- home also to the tender ,-heart of the young Princess Koyal , when " Her Majesty and thb Pririce recrossed tbo loch in a barge , and were much delighted on finding that , during their , _abaenoe the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal had been _furnished . with fishing-rods b y Mr Perdue , the Queen ' s fisherman , and that the Princess had succeeded in . capturing a trqnt in a rivulet which runs into the Jpch at Ardyerikie . " , .. Alas ! we fear the royal thoughts may have beeii
fixed on the mountain of stone ad _^ iingj Bucking * ham Palace , which is n ot _^^ large enough fori the accommodation of one family . To be sure , that family happens to be a ROYAL one i ; .: At _' the cpst of vast treasure that , structure .: is _Mdejl to . the : oId one ; Indeed how pitiable theconditioh . ofHKn Majesty must have been , how . very little rOOm she must have had * if we are to judge by the vast size , of the addition 1 Meanwhile there are others not quite sd well housed ; as Her MaJBsrr , even before she had the _Addition _to-her Palace j as-witness the report brought up at a meeting . ofthe directors of tbe poor
iri St . Pancras , -where : ; y ; y _,- _^ ) Y ; _.- ' ¦; : "¦; "Mr Pitt , the agentof the Board , brought np , and read a lengthened report as to the over rcrowded state of the workhouse , from which _> it appeared , ' that on the Sth inst ., there were 1 , 530 _inmatoa , for . the accommodation of which number 43 , 011 feet of bouse _, room existed . _Inthefirst-floor _. toaccommodate _^ O
_oewons and 8 children , there-were ; ibut e 8 | bed _» . Rooms between-the _new-vvestry-rooms- andboys school , 54 beds to lo persona . Infirmary ( men a side ) beds 44 , _pertons-46 . _Infirmaryfwomen ' s . side ) beds 126 , persons 165 . ' - Total , _W 0 beds , and _^ 211 : peraons Boys' school ; 83 ; _bedsr and 165 persons . Girls school , 136 beds , and 286 persons . ' : ¦ And this almbst " within sight of Her Majesty ' s
Palace . -: ..... . _> . -., . „ . . . ... Might one "' not regret "that the money spent in thatpalace . was . not appropriated to buying . land and cottages for those paupers ? ; As ¦ much employment _weuid . have , been , afforded . to 'the mason' and the carpenter , but with _^ afar different effect . .. . The , same impulsei .. would , 'hhye beehgiven .-to . the trade—but with a far ¦ more beneficial tendency . . _^ Not _^ preign luxuries' but home _xoiaforts , would idemand the hands of the artificer—and the sovereign would hot have the pang to know that the ruin of . thousands resultedifrom _' the _^'' . tinil ' din gfof _^^ th ' at palaee _^ _-aayj - that the very ; men ; who . built , it , were . languishing in the Bastile , while ' she ' was entertaining foreign
potentates . •;;'' . ' . ' \'' ,. ' ' . ' _. ' .. ' . ~ < ,. . " . ' ... ' . ; .:., ;' , ' We do not write _this'in disrespect to Her Majesty — . we blame' hot her , But her ' advisers- _^ her Whig Ministers . They . may have enjoyed- > their release from their Parliamentary duties—theytriay have been delighted with their ' rambles _, t jlhrbugh their deer-forests , and over their : _riioors ; while ; Whitfield , the old , blind , paralyticpanper of St Paiicraa , was not allowed to go and see his mother—even
when he said he could obtain a friend to guide him . That Government _; has a hireling Press anda , yenal House to plead its cause _Jiefore the great tribunal of public opinion ; that pauper , is heard with scorn bythe Board , brow-beat , disbelieved , though he appeals to the many witnesses he . has to prove his assertions , aad the bare word of . the . accused official taken against . him . -His mouth ' was stopped when he dared to speak—he was ; accused of _felling a falsehood , as witness the following : — , . ; ,
. . . _V' _-Whiiweld : —I again repeat , that although a pauper , I have a character , I have not told a falsehood , which can be proved by . the , peeple in the ward , if they are called . I think I have aright to speak when I find , as well as the other inmates , tbe master enforcing rules opposed to humanity . If you were to see the poor miserable creatures driven about as tliey are here , no matter what their ages are , at 6 o ' clock in the morning— - ' . ' _'" ' ;;" ' The Board refused to hear more and Whitfield wasremoved . " ' - ' . _/'¦
The official was not accused of uttering a falsehood—he was not silenced—not removed ) while the witnesses the " pauper" : mentioned , were never heard . We will not _hereTsay , whose statement was correct—but let not the Board dignify _. _this scene by the name of " INVESTIGATION . " The palace towers , the _deer-forest flourishes , the exile dies , the Bastile is over-gorged , the tongue of the paralytic pauper is silenced : but the CHARTER spreads , the LAND is being won ,, the cottage rises , the TRADES flouriyh—a d no power of man can still the thunder of the people ' s voice , ' that cries : — _i OUR RIGHTS , AND NOTHING LESS I OUR RIGHTS , AND NOTHING MORE ! ' ¦ ' ¦ >
State Of Trade—Future Prospects. ' The P...
STATE OF TRADE—FUTURE PROSPECTS . ' The proposition for an entire cessation of work in the manufacturing districts , to which we recently called attention , has been rejected , by the masters . The Mill-owners' Association , at a _meeting held this week iu Manchester , resolved , it is said unanimously , that such a measure was not only
impracticable , hut in the highest degree ' . undesirable , and likely only to , lead to very severe privations , among the factory operatives . The rejection of . this plan will not , however , prevent the operatives from enduring " very severe p-ivationB . " The markets wear as gloomy an aspect as it is possible to conceive—the state of trade is , deplorable _^ _-and the long-continued stagnation of business has resulted in a pretty general attempt of the manufacturers to reduce wages . The Millowners of Stockport ,
Ashton , and Mossley have , it is stated , given notice of a positive reduction of prices ; aud the movement threatens to become general in the district , The operatives , on the other hand , aware from past experience that however easy it may be , under the pressure of ' ' bad times , " to bring wages down , it is always a most difficult task fo raise them again , no matter how brisk the . markets may be , are stated to have met in several places and come to the resolution of resisting the reduction , and to prefer standing idle , for a time .
The state of affairs in the mercantile is no better than in the manufacturing world . Several very large failures have takenplace this , week . The _houseof Gower , Nephews , and Co ., largely and extensively engaged as General Merchants , and having transactions in nearly every part of the globe , have failed for an amount which is variousl y stated ftom £ 800 , 000 to . a million sterling . ' The responsibilities on bills alone are alleged to ¦ amount to £ 600 , 000 . The house appears to have been kept for some time on its legs in consequence of one of
the partners being a Director of the Bank of Englan d . The recent bankruptcy of the Governor of that Incorporation , in connexion with the previous failure of other parties holding the same position , has caused general uneasiness among the mercantile classes . It is said that Cower and Co ., could not possibly haye kept up such a degree of credit as they did , but from the circumstance of their . being connected with the direction of the Bank , and that this has , consequently , aided in cansing the wide and crushing consequences which must , now be sustained . The fall of Gowers ,. Nephews and Co ., brought down , immediately afterwards ,
State Of Trade—Future Prospects. ' The P...
_g _lhefaUiureof _SANOEn _^^ -i _^ . ( e « en , S _' ; o 4 era )' _, _% _^ _P ; l « 8 f ;; amoutit : _ConcurrerT with these failures /* the ' priw _^ di _* _$ m _™ J has- been on the : decline _^ dttring ; the week ,. and th . difficulty _of'obtaining ' money forthe ordia ary ' quirements _' b ' f _Vadejin the' City ; bas almost entbei " paralysed . ; _bHsihess .. . ; , The _/ enly ; staple man Uf actltt y in | thei country--which-appears to be in a _health conditwn U _^ vrpn fxade _. _iriitchis said t 0 De * a state of ; great activity , _^ and likely to _contimieso f _^ a long time to come . ; < . ? - _¦¦ ¦¦ . .... ¦
_TheTftnes finds a' solution for all the _difficultiee and disasters tolwhich . w . e have referred , _\ n _^ failure of the potato crop , aud consequent scarcity of food , the Irish loan _. the short supply 0 f _f . _^ and the rapid extehsibn of railways , and som ewhat hopefully . looks , forward . to the cheap bread and _plentiM'supulies , which may be anticipated as the result of the present bountiful harvest , to help r _*
out of . all , our difficulties . But , allowing all that can be claimed on these grounds ; and , admi tting that its anticipations may be temporaril y fulfil _]^ the question _recursjy-are there no means of amend . ' ing this ,- monetary' . manufacturing and commercial system , which so often-goes wrong , and _infiiots _widespread misery on the tens of thousands of operatives , who are ; help lessly , dependent upon it and yet , a * the same time , have not the sli ghtest
control over its movements ?; t . ' ¦ ¦ For pur . own psit , we h esitate not to say , that we look upon every extension of the present system as being calculated , in the end , only to plunge the nation into a gulphof ruin , fromi _-frhence it wil _'* _^ _allbut im-MS 8 ible . to > xtricate it ., Every step for ward is a step away from the direction in whieh true national prosperity is"to he found . If we look abroad , it will be seen that , all . countries , id , whicb the 8 ame ' "nahufacturing and _^ coramercial system exists , are similarly affected with ourselves . The _manufacturets , of Rouen and , Lyons . are as badly situated - as > those of Manchester , or _Macclesfield
The'fa ' ct' suggests the inference ; thatit is neither to a short cotton , or potatoe . crops , to Irish loans , or a railway mania , that this disastrous state of things is primarily . attributable , but that it is owing to something inherent in the nature of the system itself . This inference is supported by tbe fact , thai similar . stagnations have occurred . without any con . currence of causes , such as these which the Timet now alleges as palliatory or ' explanatory reasons . \ The truth appears to ' be , ' that the enormous gains realised by the modern manufacturing system , have
hlinded the great ' majority / of _^ persons to its radical ' imperfections as at present conducted , aud led to its jrapid expansion for the-purpose of-promoting in . -. dividual advantage , without ¦ any corresponding iprovision for the public well-being . We do not ' now allude to the moral , domestic and physical Wils , so notoriously endured-by the factory ope . _natives , but . , simply to , the ecpriemical effects of the ¦ manufacturing systemon the nation at large . The frequent periodical recurrence of panics , which throw out of _employment'the operatives of a whole district , the longer ' contihuahce of each of these panics , when they : do occur , and the consequent I prostration and weakening of the national energiej
wbich ensue , are all facts . pregnant with matter for deep reflection . . Statesmen and legislators would do well to give the subject more consideration than they appear to have done hitherto , and to ask themselves whether , in reality , manufactures constitute a sound , judicious , or permanent foundation for national well-being . It appears to us , tbat in making it so , we are inverting the order of nature . Food is the first want of humanity ; clothing stands' second on 'the Hat . Agriculture should therefore constitute the . basis of natural industry , and absorb the largest portion of labour , capital and experience . " Manufactures ought to occupy a secondary , position . Since the introduction ol
the modern manufacturing system , the tendency has beeu iu the contrary direction . Capital , science , and enterprise ,, have been all attracted to manufactures in a preponderating degree ; and though we admit that , agriculture has , during tbe same . period , made ; great progress , - it is nothing compared with tho strids emade in the production of textile fabrics . But while we have heen pursuing this course , other nations have , been running a parallel race . Emulous of the fortunes , and extensive commerceof England , they have naturally sought to gain for themselves some of those advantages of which our writers and statists have so much boasted
as the results of our manufacturing enterprise and skill .. The consequence is , that we now meet with rivals in almost every market , and tbat already many of those which we supplied at the commencement of the hew era are entirely lost to us . Wages and profits have fallen in proportion as the competition became more intense , as the markets and the sellers increased , and the buyers diminished , until at length the slightest turn of the balance is sufficient to 'plunge the population ofthe districts , occupied in supplying these markets , into all the misery , dissatisfaction , and _destitution , inseparable from the cessation of their accustomed means of support .
, ' . ' . The prospect forthe future affords no hope of any alteration for ' the betten The present cloud may pas 8 away , and for a short season all the mills be set at work again , but ihe operation oi tbe same causes will inevitably soon bring us to another _dead-lock . It is time , therefore ; -that this vital question—which affects so deeply aad so generally aH ' _classes of the population—were receiving that attention which its paramount importance demands .
It is time that we should inquire , whether the wonderful and gigantic powers of modern science and mechanism , are to be rationally , applied to the promotion and diffusion of general comfort , intelligence , and prosperity or continue as , at present , to be insane y used for the demoralisation and pauperisation ofthe working class ; to be the cause of bankruptcy among the trading classes , and the source of constant uneasiness to the Government and the Legislature ..
_ERtUTtTM . —In the ; closing paragranh of the first _leaueriast week , a ludicrous error appears . "But by union the increased knowledge arising from increased . expenses , " for "expenses '' read experience .
€O -Heaims £ €Omtimfteti &
€ o _-Heaims £ € _omtimfteti _&
U, A ,„ . _ Kbcellankoos. «Ar A^Dhave Fo...
u , „ . _ KBCEllANKOOS . _« ar a _^ _dhave fo ] w _« T _* - \ ha _^; read the Norton « il « ' 55 ? . e '"" towed yourplan resDectiinrnotatoes . f _fSvAr _7 J _£ _*? _* " _>¦&&* of potatoes to _twelw pE _^ ° / Jand'Ceae hpeck weighing twenty _Iw s _^ ch _^ L * I P ' _^ . & r si «; and quality oh I „ . _^„ ? _^^ virs are giving up _fte laid down" ° ' _" _- _^ _" . _? _* , fint P _^ u you hare T _rHi _F'T _^^ H memher of the Land _CompaBj , _afcti _^ n _^ . _** _***^ '" _"V _to to **! years , sends is a letter commenting on a letter by T . R . r _., ' on Jersey A _^ , VhiC * - * _Speared in _»«» Paper of the 2 Bth of ft « S _? r '_ , Aswo have already given one communication lo _^ . _? s ? y _« ontaimng similar statements to these set forth in tho communication before us . it is not _?! - SSar : r _A _^ J * B ' _- ' 8 m <*> We may state , toweve _^ tkaV T . B , B . considers tbe whole of the reforms ' assailed by T . B . jR . necessary and _calculated _, _ToVaS _whtSS ? T _^ ° S _^ An Jersey . _esttmJnnZ _^\ _f _^ _^? sincere thanks to our _, _t _* i _** i i _* ta ( 1 fl ' iflntl Samuel Kyddfort ' s
wS _^^ T „ - . , _, able reply to the dogmas of Lee Clifford , I beg to correct r , a slight mistake he has made , it was the 'Weelih ' a _'' ' i not the i amily Times * in whieh the article appeared . r < o n . , ' _.- ¦ J . Abhott . : _uuisniion am . —Charles Goodwin acknowledges tho re _« e _* t ! ei of 5 s , for the Land Company , from J . S . G . C , _Edio- Ei burgh . 0 . Webber . —Address to the Literary aad Scientific In- c ¦ stitute , John-street , Tottenham _court-road , London , in GIA 8 GOW . —Aaron Bentley , Stockport , wishes to _knowiu the address of Dunc » n Sherrington . Q _& ebal Election Fund : —Julian Harney has reeeivea ) ei and paid over to the committee , the following suars , ( with other sums previously announced ); Laneily , _pe y , G . Jenkins , _les ; Brechin , A . Campbell . Is ; Khcalijica J . Lessels , 12 sl 0 d . _^^ * £ bb Widow q _* tbelatb * w " . Dodson . —Mr Ernest _JontJ 31 has received ten shillings , per Mrs Macduff , _caatriba » f ibi , by her and a few ' - ot the _femnles of TfoolmW'iln far tho widow ofthe late W . Dodson , and . hasband -4 the _sum _^ o the directors of the Land _Compa 1 ' ' nJ her use .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 18, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18091847/page/4/
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