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October 18, 1845. THE NORTHERN STAR i • ...
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Co &a$m> & CamspmtUents
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To Assxts, Subscribers, axd Readers.—For...
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Djxoh Fckd.—The committee beg leave to t...
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The Piopm of Hawick t>. the Duke of Bbcc...
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RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LA...
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8a: wentsf, mmtt&, & finmi-tstsf
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Shooting a Policeman at LivEnrooL.—An af...
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Melaxcholt OcccnuExcE.—Su.snr.Ri.AND, Oc...
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THE PESTILENCE ABOARD TIIE ECLAIR
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WiG.ix Election.—On Thursday, Captain Li...
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FAILURE IN THE POTATO CHOP OF IRELAND. M...
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THE TEN HOURS BILL.—LORD ASHLEY IN MANCH...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Tiie Present Gambling Mania. Its Paralle...
by the extravagance of the winners . New adventurers no more engaged in it ; and many becoming sensible of the odious traffic in which they had been engaged , returned to their former occupations . By these means , as _thb value of tulips still hill , AND _NEVER ROSE , thc sellers wished to deliver the roots in iiatura to the _purcliascis at the prices agreed on ; bnt tbe latter refused to take _inEM or to tax ron them . The bubble _thereupon burst : and to end tbe disputes that arose , ilie tuiip _dealers of Alkmar sent deputies to Amsterdam , where a resolution was passed in February , 1 G 37 , Hint all contracts made prior to November , 1636 , should be null and void ; and tbat in all made after tbat date purchasers should be free on paving ten per cent , to thevender .
" The more the people became disgusted with this trade , tiie more did complaints increase to the magistrates of tiie different towns ; but as the magistrates would take no cognlzmceof such complaints , the Dutch Government interfered , aud a decree was passed , ordering that every seller should produce and offer lus bulbs to the purchaser , and in tlie event of tbe latter refusing to receive them , the vender had it in bis power to retain bis tulips , and sue for damages . It was also ordered tbat all contracts should remain in force ' till further inquiry could be made . Bnt as no one could foresee wliat judgment wonld be given respecting tbe validity of each contract , the buuers _ivere more obstinate in refusing
_paument than , before ; and venders , thinking it safer to accommodate matters amicably , were satisfied with a small profit instead of exorbitant gain : and thus ended this extraordinary traffic , or rather gambling . " What a parallel Ms , to the transactions of our own tunes ! How well it "keeps" in all its points . First the extravagant price paid for bubble " shares" in moonshine ; then in tbe number of parties of ali classes drawn into the vortex , mixing up aristocratic _andplcbeianbloodinagamcof disreputable " chance ;" then all _gaining , axd xosb losing , while the game was going up ; then the crowds of lVcsli adventurers
to do as the first batch bad done , —realize houses , coaches and horses fromnotiting ; then the " traffic in things which never had existence , aud which never will exist ; and thc purchase and sale of mure roots [ for which read SHARES— " Bradford , Halifax , and Huddersfieid Union *' to wit ] than were to be fouud in the country ; then TIIE " PANIC * ' .-brought on by the number of contracts , and i _* eom _tahties HAVING ENGAGED TO PAY MORE THAN THEY WERE ABLE ; tbonREPUDIATION ! - and ruin ; and then an end of the gambling for tbe time !
How alarmingly in " keeping' is the picture of the _tast with _theprewnt , ' What tbe FUTURE will he , —time will reveal ! Meantime , wc may indulge with thc Dublin World in a " peep "' at some of the probable effects of the "intense" speculation on oar monetary affairs . This will enable the reflecting to prepare in some degree for the " coming time : — It should be evident to every thinking mind that independently ofthe results which are inevitably eonsequent upou'the extent of the existing speculations , they will produce in another point of view an evil of great magnitude not generally discernible—hut -which was one ofthe greatest causes ofthe panic ami
"Wide spreading Bankruptcy that Mowed the first outbreak of the Railway mania in England . It is this : —In England there is no note circulation nnder £ 3 . Bullion must therefore be employed for almost all purposes of Railway outlay , because nearly the whole capital is expended in paying for Labour , weekly , in small sums io each of the thousands of mechanists and labourers employed , as well in tbe construction of tho Railways as the manufacture of the Rails , Locomotives , & c ' . & e & c . , the sum paid to each individual being always ot an amount requiring gold or silver . It must he clear , therefore , that in proportion as the construction of Railways extend , the circulation of bullion must increase—and that
that increase can only be supplied from the coffer ** of the Bank of England—for the _cai-ital in gold held by the banks throughout the country is rarely , if _erer , more than sufficient for the local demand—consequently the bullion in the national Bank must diminish in exact ratio as thc works of tilC Railways of England advance . Worse—to a very great amount this gold is diverted into lower channels than usually ; it is circulated amongst the ancancst grade of dealers , namely , those who supply the commonest necessaries of life to the working class so numerously employed on the Railways , and it remains circulating from hand to hand , paying for and representing
small transactions for a considerable _period before it amounts to sums inconvenient by their weight as bullion ; when for convenience sake only , it is paid back into the Hank and converted iuto notes , which requires a long lime to acomplish even after the increased demand -caused by increased labour . And this is not a theory—it is a fact proved by the _experience of the past . "What an . immense amouut , then , of cold will be required for this extra _circulation—whlsu the « um already _^ determined upon to be expended in Railways exceeds forty millions—and the average time for completion ofthe work is something about two years—within which period , course , these Forty Millions must be supplied .
Now tbe next deniaud upon the bullion of the country can be at once understood . It is for the shares subscribed in England for the continental . Railways , amounting to the enormous sum of Ten MUions . It is plain these shares must be paid for in gold only—and if any return be ever received , it cannot be / at ali events , for some years—while the bullion will be immediately drawn from us . Here , then , is about Fifty Millions of Jfoncy to be supplied in two years , or three , at the very utmost , and it isevident tbat in _tbe-Si-stinstiucc , at all events , gold must Ic Vic medium of payment . We almost fear to ask where it is to _c-unc from ? The nation vaunts of its prosperity with some fifteen millions of gold in the coffers of tbe Bank—the remaining amount in the country being merely what is necessary for its everv-dav wants .
This was written before we had the full deveiopcanent of thc scheming projects . In addition to the _S"iftt millions thus shown to be needed during the next two years , there tvillhave to be paid in February _sicxt _vjnvards of £ 40 , 000 , 000 , as deposits os sew _ficuEUEs ! Verily , we may wonder where thc money is to come from ?! though there is not much difficulty inimagining what tlic end will be 3
October 18, 1845. The Northern Star I • ...
October 18 , 1845 . THE NORTHERN STAR i ¦ -.. . _. ¦ , wiii "' j
Co &A$M≫ & Camspmtuents
Co _& a _$ m > & _CamspmtUents
To Assxts, Subscribers, Axd Readers.—For...
To Assxts , Subscribers , axd Readers . —For some time after our location in tbe metropolis , we were inconvenienced by having the paper machined away from the printing-office where it was " . set . " This arose from tbe machines we had at Leeds having to be removed and re-erected . Much _^ disappointment to the readers was the consequence , bolb in bad printing and late arrivals Another . cause of delay was in having the print ing and publishing office so wide apart . Letters intended ior one place were constantly sent to the other : and all the arrangements we could make did
net prevent mistakes arising from tins source . _Tlfe has determined us to concentrate our opera-$ io . _us . The printing machine is now at work in _Guravsxl office ; and we have further determined to _jmhOsh there also . In future , therefore , the " setting . " printing , 2 nd publishing of the Star will be . dene under one roof . This will involve no change to the agents and subscribers , only in the addressing of their communications , and the greater punctuality with which their orders can be attended to . AU communications must , therefore , in future , be addressed as follows : —
_Orders for tbe paper and advertisements , to F . O'Connor , Esq ., 17 , Great "Windmill-street , Haymarket , London . _Communications for tbe paper , to Mr . Joshua Hobson , Editor Northern , Star , Office , 17 , _GrearW'indmill-street , Haymarket , London . _& II orders for money must be made payable to Mr . O'Connor , at the Charing-cross Post-office .
Djxoh Fckd.—The Committee Beg Leave To T...
Djxoh Fckd . —The committee beg leave to tender their thanks to the subscribers of the _following sums , _Tiz . :-Burnley , per John Gray , £ 1 _* b . ; Stockport , per _Wm . BenneC £ 117 s . 7 d . ; Pa 5 _rt-Blyddyn , per J . Auty , is - Heywood , per James Leach , £ 1 5 s . 3 d . ; _Pudleyp _& per George Kamsey , 5 s . 3 d . ; dyers and printers , Pin-mill , 5 a . The Liit 3 _xvo of Bikfki . — Received . SbnlJ appear as soon _» s we can find room .
The Piopm Of Hawick T>. The Duke Of Bbcc...
The _Piopm of Hawick t > . the Duke of _Bbccxecch . — The _Millocbais asd the "Law . " — Selfish and _Cowasdit _conduct of toe SuorocRAcr . —We have received the following communication from a correspondent .-Hawick , Oct . 13 . —On tho _Sfrth Juno last a public meeting of tlie inhabitants of this town , called _bailie magistrates , on a _requisition of ' - ' 00 _houseb . _Idei s , was held { thu Town Hall being found too small to hold even the half of thu people wishing to attend the meeting ) oa the open space in front of tlie Free Church . _Nonetif tlie magistrates being present , Kobcrt Kae , a working man , was called to tho cliair , and the meeting elected a committee , and instructed tlicm to use all _diligence in procuring ir _ forui : itiuii as . to tho bye-roads or paths which bad beeu illegally shut ' np , and to procure legal advice how to get ihcm again restored to ihe public . The meeting then adjourned , and met again on the _ltth Jul y , when tbey gave in tlieir report ; the
meeting then unanimousl y resolved to use every legal modi _, to regain the byt-roads which had beeu unjustly taken from them , ar . d empowered the . committee to raise subscriptions tor that purpose . After the meeting was again adjourned a number of people went to one of tbe roads recently shut up , and in accordance with the legal opinion of an eminent lawyer removed the obstructions ; the barrier was put up again iu a few days ill a more substantial l-iamicr , bux , even _before the workmen had left , the people tore it down again . Fur this offence twelve men hare been held to bail , andaretobetried on Wednesday , before the Sheriff , and a host of -witnesses are _summoned against them . The road being through the property of the I ) ke of l _. uccleugli , every tff _<_ rt will he made tu _' punish them . The committee aiso found it necessary to interdict some erections , to extend it factory built on a part of the common lands vf the town . Thest * buildings , if finished , would block up it road , and
interfere with the _l-ight of the inhabitants to the uscol thc ground for recrcatio i , bleaching and drying clothes , & . K ., _* . right -which tUey lucre enjoyed from time immemorial . After a fell * days the Sheriff recalled the interdict , allowing the buildings to be proceeded with at tbe risk of the parties till the case was judged , on condition of their leaving a road ten feet wide in the line claimed . The buildings went ou , and tlie law-suit weut on also , tiU a few days ago tho Messrs . Laidlaws commenced operatioiw for laying a shaft across the road ; the Sheriff was immediately applied to , to stop them , in terms of bis own interlocutor , and he cited tliem to appear before bim for examination , a full week after , thus aiiowiug tliem full time to complete their operations . Upon knowing this , the people took the law into tlieir own _nauds , and went and removed all the obstructions from the road-way in a quiet but effectual manner , doing nu damage to the _materials . This brought the Sheriff ouickly to tne town , where he spent all Wednesday last in examining evidence on the * '
outrage , " as they are pleased to call it . Thc call ot the wealthy miil . _jcrat was quick'y _resjiunietl to , while the _application of the committee was in a maimer neglected , tney being all working men . At the beginning of this movement , such of tlie middle classes as were spoken to seemed very favourable , and promised tlieir assistance ; but , as on all former occasions they bave , with a very few honourable exceptions , entirely deserted , and lelt tlie b .-. ttle to be fought by the _worKers . Indeed , they would not have acted consistently if they liad done otherwise . Tliis is just another instance , added tu many former ones , of thc folly of wurkiug men putting their trust in the promises ofthe middle classes ; and it is to be _ht-pedit wiil have this good ofiect , that it will teach a few more of the workers _thi « wholesome lesson —that if ever the condition of tbe workers is to be improved , or any of their _rights regained , it must be by tlieir own exertions , and not by means of those who have uu interest iu keeping them as they are . _ilATTtn or Fact Max . —We have uot . the means of
reference at baud . C . T . F . —Every geographical dictionary of England contains the _i' . lormatioii our correspondent seeks . Mr . Cobbett published one a few months before his death ; and we doubt not but tbat it is still on sale by the present publishers of Cobbett's works . \ V . Dixox , _Manchesteu , is assured that no one can regret more than we do tlie irregularities that have arisen in the publishing arrangements of the Star since its location in London ; but tiiey * have been caused by circumstances which it did not fall under our province to alter or coutroul . Whatever the _ill-uaturcd "friends , " of whom Air . Dixon speaks , may think or say to the contrary , we beg to tell bim , for their satisfaction , that the cause of the delays that have taken place has not . in any one _initancc , been with the conductors of thc paper ; Hor can any alteration in their arrangements cuuuucc to a more regular publication , or it would bc gladly made .
Wc make bold to say , that thereis not anothernewspaper in the kingdom where attention on the part of the conductors is more exact , than on the Star—or where the convenience of the printers is more studied and accommodated . The delays of which Air . Dixon complains have arisen from a suies of mishaps in the printing office , for which perhaps nobody is blaineablc—but which have been anything but pleasant to any party concerned . We hope we have now passed tliem . _ConKESPONMvr , at IVootten-under Edge , writes us as follows : —If the facts are as he states them , it is time somebody looked about them . The factory inspector had better see to it ; or some ugly questions may be put respecting bim in the liouse of Commons . Our correspondent says : —Having for some time observed tiic shameful luaiiner ill wliich the . Factory Itegulations Act has been trampled on by the manufacturers in this district , without any notice being taken of it by the
inspectors , I am induced to send you oue or two iacts relating to one manufactory , and leave it to you to make what remarks you may think proper . The Act enacts that no person under IS years of age shall work iu any factory more than sixty-nine hours in one week . In the factory in which I am employed , itis a common practice for youths under that age to work fourteen , fifteen , and even sixteen hours per day ; and they are at the _pret-eiit time working from six in the morning till nine iu the evening : out of whicli one hour is allowed for meals , namely , half an hour for breakfast , and half an hour for dinner . If any time is lost notice should be given to the inspector , if it is required to work extra hours to make up for such lost time ; but this is never done here . The inspector visits the town about twice a year , but l : e jievergoes into tbe factory—he merely walks into the _eouuting-house , and examines ( or pretends to examine } a time book , kept by ihe master or maiiagcr . The
workpeople do not know him . I do not remember his entering the factory move than twice since the act was _parsed and it is » _i common remark with the working men , " What is the use of a factory inspector ? we never see bim—it is only putting the country to a useless expense . " Yet these meu are so much the slaves of their employer that they are afraid to speak openly . If any remarks you may _inakeshouldiustigate the inspectors to perform their duties in accordance witk the Act , it will be confcrriiijr a . benefit on the manufacturing operatives of tbe district . \ V . 1 $ ., llsraroBD , asks , —Would it not be advisable to call the attention of the Chartists to the forthcoming . November elections for " Town Councillors , " so that the , \ might bc prepared with candidates . I ' or if it is intended to do _anytliing , there is no time to lose . The hurt wili be sufficient , J . K ., Leicester , should ask himself how it is that after a
man has paid rack-rent for a period of litty , or even ten times fifty years , tbe property he rents should belong to another . And he should then ask himself , if he had the means of purchasing property , whether Ac would be content that the pa yment of the rent yearly , for the space of twenty years , should entitle another person to " oick" it : J . C . E ., KiBKiKTiLMCK . —Let all the facts of the case bc embodied in a memorial to Sir James Graham , the Se crctary of State , particularly those that are dwelt on , as extenuating iu character ; ami let such memorial be signed by all the influential parties they can get to attach their names : but particularly by those to whom the facts are known . Then it must be forwarded to the Sir James , who , no doubt , will attend to the ciroumstauces brought under his notice . A Commuxist , Beewick-ox-Tweed , should send bis claim to the assignees ofthe Rational Society , who will ,
no doubt , meet it along with all others , to the extent of tbe means placed iu their trust for the purpose . S . T ., Xewabk . —Thc best book on gardening that we are acquainted with , is Cobbett ' s . Acexci- fob the _Jfoaintus Star ix _Edixiiurgu . — Messrs . W . and H . Kobinson request us to state , thav thc Xorthern- Star is regularly supplied by _thani at their wholesale and retail book and news depot , 11 , _Grecnsida-strect , Edinburgh . _Tnoaxrox ' s Small Fabm , xeab _Hoddebsfield . —With much pleasure we give insertion to the following : — Sir , —Ucing much pleased with the account you gave of Mr . Thornton ' s small farm , in the _Star of August 30 , 1 felt a great desire to see and hear for niyseli ' . 1 mentioned this to a number of friends , who were all anxious to go with mc ; we hired two spring carls , and on Sunday last twenty persons , all Chartists , set out for Paddock , near Huddersiield : tbe morning was dull
and misty until wo got about one-half ot our journey , when the sun made his appearance and a glorious fine day we had . About twelve o ' clock we got within two miles of Huddersfieid , here we put up the horses , and after wc bad refreshed ourselves wilh thc good things the house could aflbrd , we proceeded on to Paddock , where we arrived about oue . Mr . Thornton was in the field ; he received us in a very friendly manner , aud , although we were all strangers , he treated us with the greatest kindness . He showed us his stock and produce , and gave every information we required , for which we returned him our warmest thanks . The field is well arranged ; there are now growing , cabbages , turnips , rap ? , common grass , and Italian rye grass , in separate plots ; thc last is short of a quarter of an acre , which has been cut three times this season , and is now ready for a fourth cutting . He has four very fine cows ; they are in excellent condition . He
said one cutting of tlie rye grass would feed four cows three weeks , at which rate four cuttings would feed the same number for three months , or one cow fortyeight weeks . There is herbage growing that will last until Christmas . With these facts before us , we were soon convinced tbat tbe report in _thenar was a correct one . More than that , Mr . Thornton is a scientific man , and understands well the business lie is engaged in ; he is likewise well adapted to give instruction to those who have uot had an opportunity of studying the science of agriculture , aud we hope he will take the trouble of publishing tbe results of liis practical experience . If jou think the above worthy a place in your valuable journal , by inserting it I shall feel much obliged . I am , Sir , yours truly , Wm . Hajieb .
Oldham , October 14 , 1845 . Abbaham Gbeen , Rochoale _, wishes to know the addresses of Mrs . Ellis , Richard _Tattersall , and tbe secretary of William Dixon ' s relief fund . J . B ., Hetwood . —Your poetry is inadmissible . We cannot afford to waste space for comments on the " blethering bitches" who figure in tbe . National Deformer . Rhyme and reason are alike lost upon those contemp tibles . Besides , the wretched _ De / ormcr is near its last gasp , and it would indeed be cruelty to torture it in its dying throes . W . Traoghto . v , Holme . —The shilling wns acknowledged in the Star of October 4 th , under the head of "Dixon Fund . " Was it intended for that fund or for Mr . Richards !
Receipts Of The Chartist Co-Operative La...
RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . KB HB . O ' COXNOB . £ S . d . Selby _. perJ . Brjan .. .. .. .. 200 Wootten-under . Edge _. perR . Lacey .. » 2 10 10 Dudley , per Vf . Kankin „ .. .. .. 2 17 6 Warrington , per S . Traverg 0 18 o Gborley _. perW . Wilkinson „ „ .. 200
Receipts Of The Chartist Co-Operative La...
Greenock , per R . ! . * urrell .. „ „ ., J 0 0 Uadcliffe , per T . Rowker .. 200 _Kidderminster , per G . Hulloway ,, „ „ ¦ 2 0 0 Stockport , per T . _Woodbouse .. „ ,, 200 Barnsley , per J . Ward .. .. .. .. 500 Norwich , per J . Hurry .. .. .. .. 3 0 0 Leeds , per W . Brook .. .. „ .. 500 Reywoud , per 'J . Duwhuvst .. .. .. 500 Macclesfield , per J . Warren .. .. .. 5 0 0 _lluditerstidd , per J . Stead 14 5 1 " melton , per JI . Foster .. .. .. .. 200 Bradford , per J . Alderson .. .. .. 400 Glasgow , per J . Smith 4 ll ) 0 Hamilton , per . * . Weir .. .. ., .. 200 Yeovil , per J . G . Abbott .. 19 5 south _iShivbls _, per , 1 . Patrick .. .. .. 1 IS 2 Artichoke Inn Locality , No . J , W . _Floner .. : i 7 1 " _Ulncuburn , per W . _SutclitVe .. „ „ 6 15 0 Asiitou-uw ' e .-f . jiie , per E . Hobson .. ... 218 _M-uicheaer _, per . I . Murray .. .. .. 20 0 0 _Pi-H . G ___ S _?_ . KAI _ 6 ECKI-TA & Y .
INSTALMENTS . £ f . d . £ _s . d . J . Smith .. .. 0 1 4 J . Hancock , Linn-B . Gul | iet .. .. 014 _berheud-grceii .. 014 Vf . Output .. 014 Mr . Weller .. 0 1 * fi . cuspet .. .. 014 Jlr . Yt'iliiiorc .. 014 Itedditek .. .. 074
_SII AUKS . Jas . Smith .. 0 I C Somers Town .. 2 10 0 Mr . Caughlun .. 040 Sudbury .. .. 200 Mr . Fidsb .. .. 010 Mottrum .. .. 4 l . ' 4 Air . _Rogers .. 010 Leicester .. .. 1 IS 0 Westminster .. 200 Lambeth .. .. 0 U 0 _CAIiDS AXD HOLES . Sunderland .. 0 5 10 ludderuiiustcr .. 040 South Shields .. 014 Harlaston .. .. 0 1 lo _Xuwcastk-ou-Tj-iie 0 0 10 Coventry .. .. O 0 S _Tiiosas Martin Wkeeleii . Seeretnry .
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . PER MK . O ' CONNOR . EXECUTIVE . Norwich , per J . Hurry .. .. ,. .. 0 10 0 VFTERAN rATKIOTS' _TKKD , Dudley , per IV . Raukiu 0 5 0 VICTIHFUND . Brighton , per W . Flower .. .. .. .. 070 _ft , T . GENERAL SECRETARY . Marylebone .. 0 3 O Kuwtuwn _ClaifS , _Whittingtoiut Cut 0 1 6 Risliop ' s AVuiu ' - _Laiiibcilicad-grCiii 0 2 0 mouth , ' .. .. 0 10 0 Sunderland , cards u 1 2 Leicester , profits Woutten . under . _onXorllieruStar 0 3 0 Edge .. .. 050 Do ., a friend .. 0 0 C lluuley & Shelton C . 10 0 Sowerby Helm .. 0 2 -il Lower Warlcy .. 0 2 1 VICTIM _IOND , ¦ iVootten . uiider . Edgc .. .. .. .. 010 VETERAN PAT-HOIS' POND . ' iVootten-under-Edgc .. .. .. .. 010
D 1 MON FOND . Wootten-under-Edge .. .. .. .. 010 All pLlCCS ill _M'l'WU'S to the Executive are requested to pay up the same prior to the publication of a balance sheet . I beg to call the attention of the sub-secretaries in each ii _ _trk- _ to thc immediate necessity of raining the levy of _ihrccpciicc on each member , in order to defray thu expenses of the ensuing Conference . This business must be done at once , and the money remitted to me ; and in proportion to the number of paying members in each district will be thc number of representative !* allotted to them , taking the scale of _** uo members to a representative . The balance sheet is now being printed ; but in answer to
several inquiries I have to state , that thc item of salaries is at the _vain of l « s . per week fur the services of Messrs . Clark , . M'Grath , and Doyle , and £ 1 per week for the secretary : this sum being deducted from their salary as members of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association ; the item , Local Committees , is the expenditure of the various _sub-secictarics and treasurers for Tost _, dlice orders , bank order :., postage , stationery , < fcc , ic , all which are defrayed by the Board of Directors . Prior to the balance _shevt being : issued , it will he audited by tUe auditors ofthe National Charter Association appointed by the late Convention , Immediately upon the arrival o ' f Messrs . O'Connor and Doyle in London , a definite day will be paid for the assembling of the Convention , TllOMAS XUUT 1 H WUEELER .
8a: Wentsf, Mmtt&, & Finmi-Tstsf
8 a : _wentsf , _mmtt & , & _finmi-tstsf
Shooting A Policeman At Livenrool.—An Af...
Shooting a Policeman at LivEnrooL . —An affair of this lintiire , which may turn out to be one of fatal conseriuencc , occurred at Hothani-street Bridewell ¦ it halt-past one on Sunday mornitijr . It appears that , about that hour , three very respectably-dressed persons were found drunk and disorderl y in one of the nei g hbouring streets , and in the act of attempting to break open a door . Upon being conveyed to iiotlwimstreet Bridewell they were searched , and upon the person of one a brace of pocket pistols were found . The pistols were laid upon the counter for a minute or two for the purpose of completing thc search , and the person upon whom they were discovered seems to have put those present upon their guard , for , as our informant states , he distinctly declared , in an audible
voice , that they were loaded . Immediately after , however , the youngest of his companions seized one of the pistols and fired at police-officer No . 418 . Tlie contents entered the bridge ofthe unfortunate man ' s nose , and passed , as was subsequently ascertained , in a slanting direction through his llCilll . Uc was placed on a mattress in the Bridewell , and surgical assistance was speedily procured . -The wound bled profusely . Subsequently he was conveyed to the Infirmary in Brownlow-strect , where be lay during the whole o £ Monday in a very precarious state . Up to Monday night the doctors were unable to extract the biill _, and consequently to pronounce any opinion as to the probability of thc man ' s recovery . There is every reason to fear that tho pistol was loaded with ball or a large
slug , for the wound is of such a nature as would have been inflicted with a charge of that kind , and a largo slug has been extracted from thc second pistol . It was rumoured on Monday that both the pistols had been loaded for the last six months , and that the owner bad carried them with hiin upon a tour ho made during the past summer through the south of England . The three prisoners , on being booked , _s ; ave fictitious names ; but it has since been ascertained that their real names are , Emanuel Bromilow , Thomas lienbow , and Thomas Francis Russell . The latter , who had the sum of £ 23 upon his person , fired the shot . One of them states that he is a medical man , and another that he is brother to a timber merchant ; Russell is an attorney . The unfortunate
police-ollleei * is an Irishman by birth . On Monday the parties charged were brought before Mr . Rusliton and a , bench oi * magistrates , when Bonbon * and Bromilow were charged with forcing open the door of a person called _iVothiug , in Ilill-strect . They made no defence . Tiie , Cnch , after examining Wotliiii < r and one of the police-officers , took tip the case of Russell , who is an attorney . He defended himself , and cross-examined each of the witnesses with considerable coolness and self-possession . Ho endeavoured to show that the occurrence was of an accidental nature , and that he had expressed his gratitude to Providence after it was over that it was
no worse . Some evidence was also given to the effect that the wounded man , before the trigger was pulled , moved forward as if for the purpose of pushing the pistol aside , and that itwas at that very moment the report was heard . After an investigation , which lasted nearly three hours , Russell was ordered to be remanded , and the same bail as before was taken for the due appearance of Bromilow and Benbow . Thc policeman still remains in a dangerous position . The hall lias _iwfcj'efc been extracted . On Wednesday Mr . Rusliton liberated Mr . Russel from custody , on tending bail , himself in - £ 300 , and two sureties in £ 150 each .
1 'atai _. Accident off Battehsea . — Or Monday evening , between live and six o ' clock , another melancholy and fatal accident took place nearly opposite the Red House Tavern , Battcrsca , by which an elderly gentleman named George llntten , of the _Vaiixhall-bi'idgc-i'oad , lost liis life . It seems that the unfortunate deceased and a friend hired a small pleasure boat for the purpose of proceeding down the river . They were rowing very gently down with the stream , when they by some means came in contact with a heavily laden barge . The force of the collision turned their boat , a " funny , " completely over , immersing them in the water instantly . An alarm was immediately made by the persons who witnessed the accident on shore , and several boatmen rowed to the spot , but before they could get to tlicm the deceased had disappeared . The other gentleman was fortunately saved from a watery grave by clinging to the head-part of the barge .
_Imi'oktaxt Decision * u . _vder < Lord Ashley ' s Act at Airhiue . —A number of frtsli cases of females being employed in the pits at the Shotts came ou for trial on Friday week , in the Court-house of Airdrie , at the instance of J . Muir Steel , Esq ., before Messrs . Kid and Rankiue , justices ofthe peace , when John Beveridge , Alexander Gillies , William Gillies , and Hugh Bennett , were placed at the bar , found guilty as libelled , and fined in the lesser penalty of £ 5 each , with costs . Itis understood that a number of females are still in the pits round Airdrie , but from thc active measures now taken , it is hoped the illegal practice will be put down .
Great Fire at Inverness . — This town was on Wednesday week subjected to a calamity greater than has visited it lor many years , three large lofty tenements being destroyed by fire , involving the loss of property to a great extent . The locality in whicli the fire took place embraces part of lnglis-street and Theatre-lane . It broke out in the premises occupied by Mr . M'Kay , merchant , Mr . Mackay , tailor and clothier , and others , from which it spread to two lands adjoining , possessed on thc ground floor by several shopkeepers , and occupied above as dwellinghouses . The fire was first observed about three on Wednesday morning , and so rapid were the ravages of the flames over the building that some of the teiiants only became aware of their danger by the beds in
which they slept being ignited , and were glad to make their escape in their night clothes . The whole ofthe furniture in these dwelling-houses was- destroyed—thirteen families , amounting to sixty-two individuals , having been burned out . Great loss was also sustained in the shops beneath . Mr . M'Kay , merchant , referred to above , is said to have suftered to the extent of nearl y £ 5 , 000 . It appears there is only one fire-engine in Inverness , and it was all but useless . We learn by a private letter that the fire was still burning on Friday afternoon . Burglaries at Nottixo Hiix . —On the night-of Sunday last , the houses of Dr . Waggot _, No . 1 , _Norland-squaro ; Mr . Read , No . 11 , Norland-terrace ; and Mr . Lewis , No . 18 , on the same terrace , were
Shooting A Policeman At Livenrool.—An Af...
burglariously entered by thieves , who , however , only succeeded in carrying oil * from Dr . Waggot _' s a plain silver salt spoon ; from Mr . Read ' s , two £ 5 Bank of _England notos , two sovereigns , and two shillings in silver , a pearl necklace , an ivory brooch , a cornelian ditto , a gold ditto , with the word " Regard" set on it m various coloured stones , and two silver salt spoons ; and from Mr . Lewis ' s a silver teaspoon , pair ot sugar tongs , mustard spoon and fruit knife , with the letter " L" in cypher . Alaibjikg Fiue at NonixuHAM . —At nine o ' clock on 1 ucsday evening last , the neighbourhood of barker Gate was seriously alarmed by afire breaking out on the premises occupied by Mi * . Bales , as a _fi-amesmith _' s shop . It appears , that tho forgers and
workmen had been at their work as usual , and Mr . Bates had not left the premises more than half an hour before he was alarmed by thc fire hsuing through the window from the middle floor of the building . The shop . being situated in the midst of the framework knitters , and tliat part of the town being densely populated , great numbers gathered to the alarming scene of uouiiagralioo . The fire brigade with the engines were quickly on the spot , but not in time to subdue the ( levmuiiig ' elcnient . At ten o ' clock tlte extensive building , with upwards of two hundred valuable stocking frames was enveloped in one awful volume ol * llanie . At this time every effort was made
to arrest thc lire s progress , but all to no purpose ; in less than an hour the floors , with the root and the frames , and other valuable property , fell in with one simultaneous crash . The sight at tliis time was awfully grand ; large flukes of lire were seen to ascend over Wool-al _. ' ey into Count-street , and to the foot of Hoekley ; although the premises were edged in by other buildings , fortunately none took fire . We learn that the building , the propertv of Mr . Kelk , was insured , but the frames , _&« ., belonging to Ml * . Bates ami others , were not , The estimated Joss is £ 1 , 200 . Nothing satisfactory has , as yet , been ascertained as to the origin of the lire .
Accident ox the Gke . it Western * Railway . —An accident of a very frightful nature , though happily unattended by fatal result-., took place upon this line on Friday evening . Itappears that the company are erecting a stage or wharf close to the rail , between Bathand Bristol , and within a mile of the former city , in order to afford increased facilities for the landing and unloading of coals brought from tlie pits at Radstock , for conveyance along the line . On the evening in question two labourers with a waggon and
horses were so employed , when the down tram came along at a rapid rate . The engine-driver shut oft ' the steam when he perceived the obstruction , but the train , carried forward by its own momentum , ran into thc _waggon , which was fortunately thrown off thc rail , or the consequences to the train must have been most disastrous . The labourers were both knocked down and seriously injured , one having his shoulder fractured . One of the horses was killed , the leys being severed from thc body . No blame is attached to the company ' s servants .
Ni : wcash . e-o . n-1 y . se . —Fatal Railway Accidext . —On Tuesday morning , about , half-past four o ' clock , while Robert Saundorson , an engine-driver , a _^ ed thirty-four , was engaged cleaning an engine , at the Carlisle station , in this town , another engine came iu collision with the one he was superintending , and , owing to his being in a stooping posture , crushed his head so . severely as to cause instantaneous death . In the afternoon of the same duy , an inquest was held at the Locomotive public-house , near to where the accident occurred , when , after an investigation before W . Stoker , Esq ., the coroner for the borough , a verdict of Accidental Death was returned .
Attempt to Murder . —Between five and six o ' clock on "Wednesday evening , a man named Frederick Field , carpenter , of Wood-stroet , Clapton , while passing a _flcld near Temple Mills , liomcrton , observed a young man holding iu his hand a loaded gun , cocked , pointing in the direction of the footpath . Field remonstrated with him upon his reckless conduet , when the man assailed him in a grossly Violent manner . Field proceeded onward about a _dozca yards , and on turning round was alarmed to find the fellow aiming at him . In an instant he discharged the gun , and Field fell to thc ground . In a few minutes lie rose , and seized his assailant ; a violent struggle
ensued ; during which both fell into a ditch , Field bleeding profusely from the head . Fortunately Mr . Thompson , a publican , living in the Commercialroad , came up and secured tbe ruffian , who , with police assistance , was lodged in the station-house . IlcgaYe _^ his name Philip Ernst , dyer , of Pundersonstieet , Bethnal-green . Mr . Garrod , divisional surgeon , attended Field , and pronounced him to bc out of immediate danger . The contents ofthe gun entered the fleshy part of the head and the right side , aud inflicted a wound one inch and a half in extent . Ernst ' s friends visited him at a late hour , but he evinced no remorse at his situation . At ten o ' clock Field was pronounced to be in a precarious state .
Serious Accioent at a Wesmxg . —On Thursday evening , between nine and ten o ' clock , a party of friends having met at the house of Mr . G . _Ilearndon _, of Upper-street , Islington , to celebrate the wedding ofhis eldest son , Thomas , with Mis * . Robertson , of Fly-place , Ilolborn _, some of them commenced singing , and one of them having sung a song called " The Mistleto-bough , " the bride jocosely observed that she would imitate the heroine , as there was no fear of any-such fatal result ; and , accompanied by SOtilC of her female friends , she ran upstairs , followed by her husband and some others of the company . The
ladies concealed themselves in a room ou the second floor , wheu a young man of the name of Brooks , a law-writer , residing in Penton-street , Pentonville , having succeeded in forcing the door , Mrs . ilearndon , in carrying out the jest , rushed to the chimney piece , and taking down a pistol , presented it at Mr . Brooks , and , drawing the trigger , to . the horror of all present , discovered it was loaded . The charge entered Mr . Brooks ' s left side , and he immediately fell . Medical assistance was instantly sent for , and Mr . Greigson , of Gibson-square , was called in , who declared the wound to be ofa most dangerous character .
The City Police . —A correspondent writes as follows : —As I was returning home , about ten minutes past one o'clock , on Thursday morning , it was my mortification to witness another brutal act on the part ofthe police—three of them had got hold of a young man , very humbly dressed , having on ft fustian jacket , apron , <& c . The police , on my approach , relinquished their hold , and the poor fellow declared he would wait for the sergeant and tell that ollieer the treatment he had _received . I naturally felt an inclination to ascertain the truth , and stood at a few yards distant to watch the result ; but the watchful guardians skulk'daway without locking the man up . . The poor fellow cried bitterly , and stated to nie , that he could not possibly have given the
slightest offence—he had been to lus brother s to sup , was returning home { In Red Cross-street ) quietly humming a tunc to himself , when one ofthe policemen " boimettcd" him rather violently , and then , because he asked the reason , he attempted to drag him to thc station—tlicy had nearly choked him with his neckerchief . While he was showing me his broken hat , one of the police came up and told him to go on and not call people "b y fools , " or they would make a " b y fool" of him . Now this was evidently done to irritate the man , in order to get a reply from liim , and a pretext for taking him to the station-house . Now , sir , from the frequent doings of this kind by the city police , I am convinced that many innocent persons ( especially if tlicy appear poor ) very often suffer imprisonment and lines from the cruel and unnecessary officiousness of the unboiled , and the sooner your pen is employed in exposing these intolerant
domineering and unfeeling acts ot the "Jacks in office" the better , and sure I am that you will vender much service to the public . Ruminating on what I had just seen , on my way home , and near the India-house , I was afforded an opportunity of marking the contrast in the treatment of the apparently poor , and those who pass as the respectable classes . A well-dressed person _, with cigar and stick , bawling at the top of his voice , proceeded along the street ( which was well supplied with thc vigilant blues ) uiiinteruptedly , —on interference with him , no policeman knocked his hat over his eyes , or got hold of his neck-cloth and pressed their knuckles in his throat , no station-house for him . I watched him till out of sight , and could not help exclaiming , alas ! poor fustian jacket , liow thou hast been punished tliis night for thy poverty , and what a protection would that gent ' s clothes have afforded thec—but I forgot that in this country there is the same law for the rich as the poor (?)
_1-ires ix _mE Metropolis . —From eight o ' clock on luesday night to four o ' clock on Wednesday morning , no fewer than eight fires occurred in different parts of the metropolis . The one attended with the greatest destruction of property took place at achymist ' s shop , belonging to Mr . Hunt , 82 , Gray _s-mnJane . Police-constable Lowe , 84 G _, having on the appearance of smoke , raised an alarm , the inmates were , after some trouble , aroused from their ¦ lumber , but not before the flames had laid hold of the staircase , thereby eutting off the ordinary means ot escape from the building . The children were thrown out of the window , and , with the exception ot one , were received in safety by the crowd below , that one having fallen upon the pavement , and been severely injured . The fire progressed so fearfully that the only means of escape left for the other
nar-Ues in the house was from the upper windows . The escape belonging to the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire v . as quickly in tlie way , but inconsequence of the road being up for the formation of a sewer , some time was lost before the machine could be brought in front of the premises . I ortunately , however , a cabriolet was brought from the other end ofthe lane , and being placed under the windows , the whole of the residents were enabled to leap upon it , and thereby escaped a horrible death _, lhe engines of the parish , the London Brigade , and _hZ ? of England Company , promptly attended , and were quickly _aet to work , butthe firemen were unable to get the flames extinguished until the whole of the stock in trade , the furniture , and other effects were consumed , and the building nearly destroyed . _,. _A _^ _pATASTRorHE .-The Basle Gazette publishes intelligence of the alippin ? of a nionntain in the _Gnuom . on thc 7 th inst . It occurred at _Busch-
Shooting A Policeman At Livenrool.—An Af...
laws , and carried away an entire forest of young trees . On the Uth , another catastrophe of tlio same nature occurred immense masses of rock were rolled iuto the valley , the inhabitants of which fled in the greatest consternation . Tho damage done is estimated at iOO _. _OOOf . _Atteju'IKD Murder of jl _Yousc Laot . —On Monday night the usually quiet village of Byford ( a , few raiksfrom Hereford ) was thrown into the greatest agitation and alarm , iu consequence of Miss Ellen Davies , a very interesting and pretty girl , having been shot at . She was picked up ( tho exact spot is not mentioned ) iii _* . cnsible , and bathed in blood , which flowed from the left arm and shoulder , which are fractured , and she lie .-, in a yory dangerous state . A quantity of blood was also traced down the meadow nnd over a . stile at tlie _b-ick ot" the _llOUSC , _sa that some one else besides Miss Davies must
have been wounded , as she was not in that direction . It is supposed that the pepetrator afterwards attempted his own life . For nearly three years past a gentleman paid liis nddrcsses to her , but was 1 _'Cjeetod on account of & previous engagement _; he then left England , but returned again , and renewed his addresses in a most threatening and resolute manner , she vainly endeavouring to avoid him . Her friends , seeing that he still pursued lier , thought that she had better receive his addresses , wliich i believe she did ; but it appears that she received information that he had formerly led a very gay life , and he was again rejected . Since that time ha has been in a deranged state of mind , and confined ; ho used then to _Siiy that lie would _i-hoot her , * that she should never have any otlier ; that lie would shoot himself with her , & c . ; he has been watching his opportunity more than a week .
Melaxcholt Occcnuexce.—Su.Snr.Ri.And, Oc...
Melaxcholt _OcccnuExcE . —Su . snr . Ri . AND , Oct . lo . —A very distressing accident occurred here to-day , by which four lives have been lost . About noon , as ' m usual when the weather is favourable , the pupils of Ur . Cowan , of the Grange Academy , near this town , proceeded to the sea- ( melt for the purpose of bathing . On this occasion thirty-eight went'down , accompanied by four teachers , and tlicy bathed at a short distance from Hendon . There was rather a heavy ground swell , and two boys named Baird and Lcnnie were swept out of depth by a strong sea . On their dangerous situation being observed by Robert liaivd and Mr . Special , one
of the tutors , they rushed to the rmatanee of their juvenile friends but they were both swept away by the ebb current , and neither of them being able to swim , they were all drowned . By this tiixe Mr . Wilson , the senior tutor , who was bathing at a short distance came up , and succeeded in drawing Lennie out of the water , but lie w . 19 then ouite dead . Robt , Baird is eighteen , and Archibald Baird sixteen years of age ; they are suns of Sir David Baird , whose * residence is _ncarr Dunbar . Lcnnie is ten years of ai , c . and the son of Mr . M * Alpine Leiinie , of Dulswintoii , Dncar ampier .
The Pestilence Aboard Tiie Eclair
THE PESTILENCE ABOARD TIIE ECLAIR
SlIEER . _N'ESS , _SATiritOAV . Mr .-Saunders , the pilot who brought the Eclair round here from Portsmouth , has also fallen a victim to the fever . He died last night about half-past ten o'clock , and was buried in thc quarantine-ground this morning . Lieutenant Isaacson is a little better , but not yet out of danger . Dr . Coftey and the other sufferers on board the Worcester are going on quite favourably . The medical attendants , Drs . Stewart and Rogers , continue well . Sunday . Dr . Rogers was attacked yesterday afternoon , and was dangerously ill last night , but is considered belter to-day . Lieutenant Isaacson died this morning . One other fresh case has occurred since yesterday . Dr . Heath of the Dwarf , having volunteered his services , has been put on board the Revenge to watch any symptoms of disease among lhe healthy part ofthe crew .
The Pestilence Aboard Tiie Eclair
The Cork _fteporter has still m ore distressing counts ofthe positive failure of the _ci-op _.-not mere . y in Cork , but in the adjacent county of Kerry . The subject was brought before the notice of the _1-ermojr Hoard of Poor Law Guardians by one of then * bpdj , Mr . Stephen Barry , who tln # w _outseveraUuggcsuons ti meet the alarming evil Since the above _wasinfyp * wc have received . information that thc disease is ascertained to externa through the counties of Louth , Down , Antrim , tail--way , Limerick , Armagh , Watcrford , Kilkenny , and Carloiv . The accounts from _thc- _'e several districts arc of a most distressing character . 1 he correspondent of the Times , writing from Dublin on Tuesday last , _S'tys . _*— " _Tiic-eappciis to _l-e no longer any room to doubt that tbe failure oi" tiie staple crop of this country is complete ; and that it will require prompt and energetic measures to soften a calamity -which
threatens ¦ _onsequunccs more disastrous than any from wliich Ireland has been afflicted formally years . The accounts from all quarters tell the same t : ile . The infei ; ion seems well nigh titiirerd . il . Fields which present the most healthy appearance one day are the next discovered to be ' iiTetrievably ruined , the produce not being fit food even for beasts . " A famine throughout the country _riccnis to be inevitable . It is stated that _Govci'imicut _Cumnmsioncrs are at ihe present examining into the state ofthe potatoe crop * , in thc neighbourhood of Glonniel and in the county of Cork , and , we trust , that Ministers . will lose no time in _having the condition of the crop carefolly examined ill nil parts of Ireland , and if . tho statements in the Irish papers are found to he true , that tlicy will immediately adopt the necessary means for preserving thc people from the horrible fate which otherwise must befall them .
Wig.Ix Election.—On Thursday, Captain Li...
WiG . ix Election . —On Thursday , Captain Lind-Sf ty _, _Conservative was elected uieuiliei ' _. foi 1 _Wiyan , in the room of Mr . _Grconall , lately deceased . The successful candidate was opposed by a Mr . Tliicknesse , Liberal . The numbers were , atthe clo-e ofthe poll , Lindsay , 273 ; Thickness , 211 ; Majority for Lindsay , 62 .
Failure In The Potato Chop Of Ireland. M...
FAILURE IN THE POTATO CHOP OF IRELAND . Most alarming accounts of tlie failure of the staple food of the Irish poor in the county of Cork— -the Yorkshire of Ireland—have appeared in the recent numbers of the local papers . So long as there was room to hope that these statements were exaggerated , we forbore alluding to the subject ; but from the multiplicity of corroborating testimony , in the shape of letters , some bearing the signatures of gentlemen of skill and experience in faich matters , which have since been published , 'it is greatly tobe feared that tllC calamity will be much more severely felt than was at first supposed . Mr . Cooke Colics , of Kilworth , thus writes * . —
"I regret to state tliat I have ascertained , beyond a doubt , tliat tlie panic concerning tlic potato crop is but too justly founded . Within a few days I bave bad several trials made on both good and bad hind , and the result litis been my conviction , tbat in tins district at least every potato field of what may be termed the main crop , is more or less attacked by the rot . That it is Oil the increase is evident , aud the prospect for the poor is dismal , both for food for this season and seed for thc following ; tlie curly settings have uearly _escaped , aud all that arc bad . ire of tlic wiiite kind , which , I am sorry to say , is tlio universal crop of this country . " A correspondent writing from the neighbourhood of Inishannon ,
says" I am 30 _i'i'y to tell you that almost the whole of tbe Crop Ot ' potlltoes ill this neighbourhood is diseased . I dug some white potatoes about a week ago and p itted them , and they all seemed perfectly sound ; but on bringing tliem homo to house tliem this morning ; , I find tbe greater part ot'thein tainted with the rot . I have just henrd that Mr . Payne , who took the precaution ofpulling the stall _. 6 , had his crop in a wretched 6 tatc also . The alarm amongst the poor people about here is great ; and unless the Almighty see it well in His wisdom to provide some substitute for the esculent on which poor l _' addy has so long existed , the prospect is indeed melancholy . " Another , wlio dates his letter from SkulJ ,
writes" In West Skull the appearance of the potato crop was so good , tliat the farmers never thought of examining their late ones , as the early were never better . Last Monday , at the fair of Skull , a report was circulated that the potatoes were all lost ; tbe consequence was thatmuny examined their gardens , and , sad to tell , found the report too true , us every field is more or less injured ; in some lialt ' the potatoes are lost , others less . Four gentlemen shooting yesterday went through a considerable part of the country , and in almost every potato lield tried some stalks , and found a considerable number of potatoes injured , even under the soundest and bestlooking stales . Some farmers tried the potatoes boiled , first cutting oil ' the black or injured part ; tlicy found no objection to eating tliem ; but if boiled without culling off the damaged part , itis impossible to use them , as the dainagcdpart injures the water , and gives an unpleasant smell and taste to all . "
Mr . Dillon Croker , of the Castle , Mitehelstown , has addressed the following important communication to the editor of the Constitution ; the letter is dated the 7 th inst . — " I came here from Quartcrtown yesterday , and am grieved to say I found all in this _p-irt of the country labouring under the delusion that the unfortunatepestilenco had not reached them , and that all their potatoes were sound ; but , alas ! in a drive _ofll Irish miles this day , from here to Jlr . Massy Dawson ' s , I found every lield more or less affected . Having bad Lord Kingston ' s carriage , I stopped on the road wherever I taw the farmer digging potatoes . I asked if the crop wus sound . Invariably was I answered' they wero perfectly so , ' but on going into the field I had little trouble iu speedily
convincing each that such was not thc case , having in most instances shown that the plague had made fearful ravages . Oue farmer had a great number of men at work , and was , in the usual way , pitting tbe potatoes , good and bad together . I told him the consequence would be a total loss , am ] that speedily , if lie did not alter his plan . The poor fellow exclaimed , ' "What shall I do . Sir V I recommended him at once to stop thc di _gging , and put all the hnnds he had to open the pits , and carefully separate every potato that he even suspected was diseased . . My advice he instantl y followed , and said lie would further do , what I believe to be the only thing that can be done , by those who dig them , viz ,, to make the pits very narrow , and put more dry earth than potatoes in them , ' so as , if possible , to prevent one from touching another . All that
have written on the subject seem to join in opinion thnt it _isessentiaUy necessary to have them put up , or mixed with some dry substance that will absorb moisture , and keep the potatoes separate from each other . One recommends sand ; but where , may I ask you , are 59 out of IOC to procure it ? Another , dry slaked lime—to this query 1 put the same question . A third tells his readers to use sawdust—as well may be advise that all tinkers sliould be set to work to make separate cases for each tuber . therefore , dry earth seems to mc to be the only thing that every farmer can procure , as the season is now approaching forgetting the potatoes out of giound . I fear to offer an opinion as to whether tbey should dig them at once , or let them remain for some time longer ; it is hard to say what should be done . Iu high dry ground 1 would let them remain for a few weeks , hoping that those which are now infected will be totally gone , and that those wliich have escaped may be put up without fear of Joss . The great difficulty of selecting at present the tuber in which tbe disease has appeared from those whicli are really sound , is such that I would gay—do not dig out at present . On theotherhand , many that are only partially gone may be used for feeding pigs . The question then is , which are we to consider , the _presentloss or the future calamity , to my poor countrymen , when perhaps want arrives God forbid thatit should ever border on famine , For my own part I have no hesitation in saying , that il we even saved one month's food for the people , we should throw present emolument and pigs overboard . I will , therefore , lot my crop remain in ground , a large portion ol wliichhtts , within the last week , shared the fate of the country at large , for I now am convinced that not on . field can be found in which the disease is not more or lest to be discovered , "
The Ten Hours Bill.—Lord Ashley In Manch...
THE TEN HOURS BILL . —LORD ASHLEY IN MANCHESTEU . MAxcnESTEn , Wednesday . —Yesterday , Lord Ashley met a deputation of two operatives from oack mill in this tc-sn atthe Brunswick Hotel , for the purpose of laying before them what course he intended to pursue ' , and to receive their opinions as to thc general state ol the question , and how far , if at all , they bad been benefitted by the interference of the Legislature . There were about -100 _delegates present . At thc request of the operatives Mr . Joseph Gregory , calico-printer , took the chair . There were also a number of gentlemen present who arc favourable to the reduction of the hours of labour , including extensive mill-owners , also Mr . Brotlierton , M . P ,, and the Rev . Mr . Huntington , iiicumbcntofSt' . John ' Sa The Chairman briefly opened Hie proceedings , an / called _unoji his Lordship to address the meeting .
Lord Ashley then rose and said , he was exceedingly happy to once more have an opportunity of meeting tlicm for the purpose of _lalkiiij ; upon those subjects that tlicy had so very near al heart , but lie should hare been much more happy had he been able to have met them for thc purpose of congratulating them on thc great victory which he hoped would finally crown their efforts in the cause . But as he was not fortunate enough to do that , he could only say that he was happy tu meet tliem once more , that they might take council together , and see in what manner they could carry on the great struggle which they had been so long engaged in . ( Applause . ) It appeared to him _unadvis-iblo , —nay , more than 1111-udvmble—rash , to have introduced tho measure last session of Parliament . When he proposed to do _| so he encountered tho very _gi-cattst reluctance from many of their own friends , irom many , in fact , ofthe best friends of the cause . It was thought
unadvisable to introduce it after it had been debated , discussed , and rejected in the pa'Ct'ililig cession . Another reason for the postponement of lhe bill at the beginning of last session was , that he had no ground on which he could actually stand , because at that time no petitions had been prepared for presentation , nnd it would have been almost impossible for him to have opened the question , unless he was prepared to show to the house that vhoso whom he professed to represent cordially concurred in tlie _measure . But own had the petitions bceu presented in time , the _H ' _-nsc of ( . ominous was so completely absorbed in railway legislation , that it would have been impossible to have attended to them . But he was not disposed to allow the nexe session to pass away like its predecessor ( cheers ) , bccause he thought that they were in a far belter state of _preparation . The petitions that had heen presented at the close ofthe last session were a sufficient
basis on which to stand lor the commencement of operations in thc next . "With regard to thc railway question , which threatened to be far more formidable than during the last session , he would say that they must endeavour to forestall it by giving notice for leave to bring in a bill on the very lirst night of theopening of Parliament to shorten thc hours of labour in the inanuiilfctorks . ( Applause . ) Now , if the people were ready upon that point , he was quite ready to serve tlicm with the best of his humble energies ( applause ); and , God willing , if he sliould have health and strength , be would not fail to give that notice , and c _\ x * _i-t his humble abilities to carry the measure to complete and entire success . But he had now to consider what were the hopes of success in thc next session . Now , their hopes for success _.
it tbey made careful inquiry , would be found to bc certain , and by no means diminished . They would derive very great evidence as to the state of public feeling on tlie question from a comparison of the difficulties which stood in tlieir way when the bill was lirst introduced , and those wliich opposed their progress now . When the bill was lirst introduced , many said "For what purpose do you introduce this measure ? it will never be carried ; you will never bo attended to ; it is all time thrown away ; you may as well save yourself the trouble . " J » ow-a-i _ nys " wc hear nothing of language of that sort . He had 11 great deal of advice afforded liim as to thc desirableness of patience , lie was desired not to be too eager , not to press forward just now , but to take to himself the delightful comolation tliat if he onlv waited his
time ihe thing was inevitable . _ Nw , that wasn very great change . It was said at one time , that there was no hope whatever ; but now the opinion of a great portion ofthe members of Parliament ; mid the public generally was favourable to the measure . —they , iu fact , said it would bc amatler of _jfreatoxpedioncy , nay he might say of necessity , lo pass this _ameliorating measure . If tlicy looked ' abroad , they would iind thaf they were not singular in their desires ; they wouli . find by a document which veaclied this country a few months ago , a copy of which Lord Ashley forwarded to their excellent friend who had acted as secretary , that even in America , even in the district of Lowell , which was supposed to be without gpot or blemish , thoy were so entirely dissatisfied with the system of long hours of labour , that tliev presented petitions to
the local Legislature of Massachusetts , praying for a limitation of their time of working . He knew that the same feeling prevailed in Prussia ; they were aware that the Government of that country listened to the remonstrances of the people , and reduced the hours of labour to ten hours . 1 day for ail persons under 10 years of age , and he ( Lord Ashley ) had received from Prussia a statement on the authority of some of the greatest manufacturers na to the good effects of tliat enactment . The master manufacturers in that statement declared that physically , morally , and iinaucially , the effects were so beneficial , that they wondered they could at any time doubt tlic good results to arise from tiie enactment , which was in consonance with the principles of humanity . ( Applause . ) Now , he was very anxious to hear the
opinions of those before him on this question , because on those opinions did he , in a great measure , base his hopes of success . Ho was very anxious to hear from them what had been the effect in their town and neighbourhood ol the admirable experiment whicli had been made by their _ii-ieiid Air . Gardner , of Preston , in thc limitation of the hours of labour , because , if it could be shown that those were not isolated experiments , but such as could be made with equal success in every mill in thc kingdom , then he considered they had every reason to ask the Legislature to pass the measure they had so much at heart . But he was told by many that the experiments in Mr . Gardner ' s mill were not applicable to other mills . He was told that there existed a great difference in the weaving departments of thc mills
111 this district , and that , in fact , were the time in tliosc mills tc bc diminished , the amount of produce would be diminished in the same proportion . He was told that although the spinners themselves might be benefited , yet that Iho masters would sustain a loss . He should therefore like to have the opinion of those persons present upon those points , because they were practical men , and fully prepared to give correct statements on the subject . lie believed that the / would bc able to show that thc exepimonts which had been made were effectual , and that Mr . Gardner ' s mill was not an isolated one . He had recently read the report of the factory inspector , and his observations in reference to Mr . Gardner's mill , and in that report lie stated it
was his opinion that tho experiment in that gentleman ' s mill had been worked fairly , and that there was no reason why the same result should not follow in other mills . He was glad to learn that Mr . Ilorrocks , ofthe same town , had introduced the short hour system into his mills , and that the result was satisfactory . He ( _Lovd Ashley ) had , witli a view to the carrying of the question , abstained from any interleicnce in the groat political questions of the times ; he had given himself up entirely to the cause ( hear , hear ); and , by so doing , he had sacrificed many politieal friends , and he had closed against bimselt the pleasure and benefits of many honours . ( Applause . ) The noUo lord concluded by urging tho meeting to bestir themselves , and sat down amidst loud cheers .
At the close of his Lordship ' s address , the chairman of the Short Time Committee moved mote oi confidence in and thanks to Lord Ashley , which was put and carried with loud cheers . Mr . Brotherton and Mr . Huntington , in acknowledging a vote of thanks , also addressed the meetinir at some length . Several operatives addressed the meeting , after _Swi ank 8 w «» . _™ tedto . the chairman , and the delegates separated . '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 18, 1845, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18101845/page/5/
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