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R N who Invel in third Jff li>,148, THE ...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The consideration ...
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Ireland formed the topic of an animated ...
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-Some of the points elicited in the disc...
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Co fttaBrr* # ©ornspontmu^
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Nones io Agekis.— Those agents who have ...
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INTENTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT. The govern...
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—i^—LATER NEWS FROM IRELAND THE STATE TR...
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NATIONAL VICTIMS' FUND COMMITTEE. The ba...
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THE M'DOUALL DEFENCE FUND. A cigar deale...
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DEFENCE FUND. Received by Wm. Rrnaa. £ s...
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ALARMING STATE OF THE MANUFACTURING DIST...
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R™OURED CHARTIST AND CONFEDERATE 5!**H R...
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SERIOUS DISTURBANCE AT ASHT0N.-A POLICEM...
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HoxioN.-The Chartist members of this loc...
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THE RIOT AND MURDER AT ASHTON. (From the...
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ARRESTS AT MANCHESTER. At Manchester the...
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LATEST FROM THE MANUFACTURING* DISTRICTS...
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•w FURTHER COMMITTAL OF CHARTISTS: BIRMI...
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RECEIPTS OF THE NATION&b L&HZ) * COB1PAN...
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Land Fund ... ... ... S3 139 Expenao Fun...
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FOR FAMILIES OF VICTIMS. BECEIVID BY W. ...
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THE LIBERTY FUND. ., For the Fortnight e...
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NOTICE. ^ Mr Harney has kindly offered t...
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Gi*bb and Fribnps—A general meeting of t...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Strike On The . North Wes. Tern Rail...
_tural that those who _Invel in third and _f-irtb . class trains , and consequently have the _orst drivers , should feel still more anxiety for their per sonal safety . We are not aware of the resources of the n crine drivers , but we feel that this is a _works ' s question—we will say every working _-jn _' s question—for when one man or one trade is oppressed , all are wronged ; if , therefo re , the engine drivers should require the _assi stance of the working men of their own calling , or even of other trades , we trust that assistance will be generously , promptl y , and universally rendered . P . S . —Since the above remarks were written
we have learned that the accident which occurred on Thursday morning , was much , more serious than we had supposed . The guard was dangerously hurt , one of the passengers had several of his ribs fractured , and another sustained serious internal injuries . Another accident occurred on this line yesterday morning , by which the life of one of the new engine drivers has been placed in imminent peril , he having sustained a severe fracture of the thigh close to the hip joint , as well as several extensi ve scalds about the body . The unfortunate _snan s name is Thomas Sands , and it is worthy of note , that he is one of the men lent by the Government from Woolwich Dockyard , to take the places of the engine-drivers on strike .
The public safety imperatively demands that the old engine-drivers should be immediately restored to their situations . If this be not done , who will venture to travel on the North Western line ?
R N Who Invel In Third Jff Li>,148, The ...
_Jff , 1 R 48 , THE _NORTHERN _g . TAjt . 5
Parliamentary Review. The Consideration ...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The consideration of the Estimates , in Com-• nrittee of Supply , affords an opportunity of bringing np every possible question of public interest ; and , to do justice to our Legislators , they seem notatall disinclined , notwithstanding thelateness of the session , to take full advantage of it . The debates have been equally varied and protracted , and while necessaril y in many cases dealing with small questions , have , in others , introduced matters not or _» ly of national but of continental interest .
On the vote for granting the amount required for the department presided over by Lord Palmerston , Mr Disraeli took occasion to deliver , certainl y a very brilliant , if net a verv enlightened , attack upon the whole foreign policy of the Government , with reference to _s-ecent events on the Continent . The mission of Lord Minto to the Italian States , especially , _constituted the groundwork for a display of that powerful and witty sarcasm which distinguishes Mr Disraeli ' s best efforts . He described the father-in-law of the Premier as having been sent on a very peculiar and roving mission—he went to teach polit'cs to various
_couutries . Following Lord Minto ' s career , the hon . Member showed that the only result of his peregrinations and his interference , had been to produce precisely the opposite of what was intendediby such interference—the results had decidedly been more interesting than successful . He strongly condemned the noninterference of our Government in the affairs of Austrian - Italy , at the time when Radetzky and the Austrians were driven from Lombardy ; and now censured ia equally severe terms , the mediation of France and England , when Austria has succeeded in reconquering her Italian possessions . The whole tone and tendencv of Mr Disraeli ' s
speech , was what we may call decidedly Pittite . He repudiated any connexien with the Jacobinism of France . It was useless to attempt to act in any affairs of State with a Jacobin party . The name might have passed away , and the modern designation be different , but he recognised in them the same features as of yore—he observed the same character and system . It was a system that commenced in fraternity , and ended by assassination—a sys . tem which began by ' preaching universal charity , and concluded by achieving general spoliation—and whether it was Ledru RoJlin ,
or the man who shook hands with Ledru Rollin , { _meaning , we presume , General Cavaignac ) , he did not recognise in people of this kind the French nation , or any branch of it , with which he should wish to carry on an alliance and a cordial understanding . The speech was loudly cheered , and is the first indication we have had in Parliament , yet , of the existence of a war party . It so happens , however , that we have had the fortune to _possess a Minister who -held and ' acted upon the anti-Jacobin policv , so eloquently advocated by Mr Disraeli ! We are , therefore , not obliged to reason
abstractedly as to its practical results . We can refer to facts , and these we think are the most conclusive reply to the rhetoric and the sop histry by which Eng land is sought to be _ssain delud ed into the adoption of so fatal a policy . William Pitt carried on his Government on the very princip les enunciated by Mr Disraeli- The result we all know . It caused a lengthened and destructive war , and saddled the people of this country with a debt of six hundred millions—the annual interest of which has to be swept from the hard earnings of the industrious classes to this day . There is not
a labouring man in the country who does not find the pressure of this omnipresent curse . It stints the dishes on his table , the furniture in his house , the clothing for himself and family , the blankets for his bed . If Mr Disraeli , and tfiose who preach an ti-Jacobinism , would pay the piper for the wars they cause , there might be the less objection ; but we really must protest against being dragged into such an insane , destructive , and costly war , as that which , during the early p art of the present cen _' ury , devastated Europe , and imposed a galling and unparalleled burden upon the productive classes of this country .
For our own part , we do not see why we should interfere with the internal affairs of other countries at all . That system of everlasting meddling , which has been the cause of to manv and such heavy burdens , has been at the same time the weakness and the curse of British statesmanship . We do not know in what way the country ever has been or ever can be benefitted by it . Let every nation _fWht its own battles and manage its own matters . What have we to do with them ? It will be time enough for us to move when they attack us ; in that case defence—bold , read y , and _effectual—will never he wanting .
If , however , instead of the wise and pacific policy of non-intervention , we are to have intervention , we should certainly prefer that it should be in the direction indicated by Lord Palmerston than that recommended b y Mr Disraeli . If England mu « . t be dragged into Continental quarrels we hope it will be in support of constitutional government , not worn out and effete despotism .
Ireland Formed The Topic Of An Animated ...
Ireland formed the topic of an animated debate in the Lords on Monday . A fourth Coercion Bill , introduced by the Lord Chancellor , furnished the ground-work ; the Earl of Shrewsbury attacked the Irish policy of the Government , and showed what everybody now admits , that it was directly in the teeth of all their former professions . They came into office _vlecged to govern on remedial and _conciliaWr- yj jinciples _, and their whole policy has a one of miserable make-shifts , expensive j the country and useless to Ireland , ending in a series of the most stringent and despotic acts of coercion . The Marquis of _Lansdon ne , in a very warm tone and with much vehemence of manner , replied to the truthful exposition of Lord Shrewsburv . The Lord President
was decidedly belligerent in his policy ; the Bill before the House he considered was a remedial measure in its strictest and its largest _senscj because no good whatever could be done in Ireland until discontent and insubordination were put down by the high hand . It was the old story over again , the same reasoning in the vicious circle we have so often commented upon . First remedial measures are promised —the | people are quiet in expectancy of the
fulfilment of these promises—then the Government and Parliament go to sleep because the people are quiet . After waiting long , "Hope de ferred makeththe heartsick , " and bitter tooand disturbances recommence , andthenthe G ° - vernment plead the hacknied apology befor e anything remedial can be done w e must firs " put down" insurrection and restore order-Thus runs the story . The Duke of Wellington followed in a speech savouring strongly of drum-head courts-martial ; and , of course , with the usual celerity and unanimit y , the hill for " putting down" illegal assemblies in Ireland passed their Lordships , and has found its way into the Lower House , where , no doubt , its progress will be equally rapid .
-Some Of The Points Elicited In The Disc...
-Some of the points elicited in the discussions on the Miscellaneous Estimates are worth noticing . First with respect to the New Houses of Parliament . They were ori ginally estimated at 720 , 000 ? . Twelve months were given to the _^ architect te prepare a detailed estimate from specific data , in order to show that this sum was not a mere guess . At the end of tbat time the Board of Works reported that the plans and details had been furnished as required ; that no alteration had taken place , and the Board was satisfied . On this assurance the building was commenced
and carried on . The whole affair has been , to use one of Col . Sibtborp ' s homely but most expressive teims , " a down-right humbug . It was not true that no alterations had betn made—vast and important changes had been made—and Parliament has gone on voting one sum after another for the perpetuation of this huge job , until Lord Morpeth himself confesses that more than a million sterling has been already spent en the building . _ThetotaKcost , it is estimated , will not be far off twe millions , or nearly three times the original estimate . If Mr Havter , the Chairman of the Select
Committee on the Land Company , and Sir B . Hall , the acute and persevering critic of its accounts and balance sheets , were to direct their keen scent to this matter , we think they would find what they decidedly missed in their late investigation—all the materials of a rank job , and a gross and costly imposition on the public . The two millions—or , at least , the million and a half—which will be wasted on the huge monstrosity on the banks of the Thames , would , at 300 / . a head , have located 5 , 000 families on freehold farms of three acres each , with geod houses and capital to start with
Our legislators might have been very comfortably provided for in a 500 , 000 / . building . But wholesale squandering of the money wrung from the toil of the millions , calls for no reproof or investigation on the part of such immaculate legislators as Sir B . Hall . He reserves his Paul Pry propensities only for those plans which promise to improve their condition , and it is wonderful how microscopical , minute , and keen , in hunting for errors , he can then become . The class of legislatorial Pharisees , who strain at gnats and swallow camels , is , unfortunately , too numerous .
Another nice little job was detected by the indefatigable and smart Member for Middlesex , Mr B . Osborne , who is evidently a thorn in the side of the Whigs . One item of expenditure trieHou . se was called upon to sanction , wasthat of 4 , 0451 ., " for services performed in connexion with the _dislrpss in Scotland and Ireland . " Nothing could look more natural and unpretending than such an item , especially as Scotland was mentioned first ; and , but for the vigilance of Mr Osborne , the trick would have passed undetected . Scotland was evidently placed first , in order to throw the House off
the scent . Mr Osborne , however , gave the House the information , that one mode of relieving this distress was the presenting of 2 , 500 / . out of this item of 4 , 045 / . to Sir C . Trevelyan , in addition to his year ' s salary , and the Order of the Bath 1 Pretty fair , we think , for one year ' s services , even if they had been of the pre-eminent nature which his official panegyrists state they were . The gentry of Ireland with whom this Whi g Commissioner came into contact , entertain a very different opinion of his merits and usefulness . But be this as it may , the nature of the proceedings
by which his friends sought to smuggle an addition of 2 , 500 / . to his regular salary , was fully indicated by Mr Gladstone when be said , " who could suppose that a single charge to the amount of 2 , 500 / - was included in what appeared to be an aggregate of small items ?" Here is another indication of " the way the money goes , '' which we recommend to the attention of the honourable baronet the member for Marylebone . " Mr Grey and Mr Finlayson should be called upon to overhaul the Government book-keeeping and accounts forthwith . We fear they would have to report upon more than irregularities . "
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Nones Io Agekis.— Those Agents Who Have ...
Nones io Agekis . — Those agents who have neg . _lected to discharge their accounts , rendered On the 24 th of Jane , will not receive any further supply cf _theNoBTHEss Stab after this notice , unless they remit in full before Thursday next . ffB axe requested to insert the following : _EeceiTtd by Defence Committee , Windsor Castle , High Holoorn . S : uta London Chartist Hall , per Mr Side , £ 1 es 8 _Jd , R . Side , sen . _Wltl THE party who paid Mr Ky dd money at John . street , on Thursday eTening , be kind enough to forward his name , and the sum paid . . Thi eepoet of the Central Defenoe Committee is unaToidably postponed . _, Thb Somxss Tows _Chabtists . —Received and snail De attended to . _ „ , _MrJosEFHPEBKS . Needle Manufacturer , Hull _orelse where . —A short one , 5 s .
Intentions Of The Government. The Govern...
INTENTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT . The government are determined at all hazards to _apprehend as many aB they possibly can of the _leaienof both Chartiata and Repealers . Several warrants were on Friday placed in tfce hands of ifficere for the _aporebension of seme of tfce most violent persons who haTe spouted sedition at the numerous meeting * which have been held in various parts of the metropolis . It was rumoured en Fr day , but with wnat truth we cannot pretend to say , that an M . P ., who haa for some time been the acknowledged head of the Chartists , would shortly make hia 'appearance at Bowstreet , on account of certain articles , bearing his name , which have appeared in the columns of a Chartist newspaper .
—I^—Later News From Ireland The State Tr...
—i _^—LATER NEWS FROM IRELAND THE STATE TRIALS . _—CDKV _1 CT 10 N i F Dcblix _, Wednesday evening . —At the sitting 0 I the court thia morning the Solicitor-General _rep lf _^ to the speech of Mr Butt . The Lord Chief Baron summed up , and at a quarter past three o'clock the jury retired , and after being absent three tours returned a verdict of Guilty . The prigoner , on hearing the verdict , did not _dis play the ' east symptom ol agitation or surprise , although from the leng th of time that the jury remained in deliberation , _almost every one in court to seven o ' clockanticipated a disagreement .
up , Ma C . G . Duffy . — The Attorney-General pro duced an affidavit tor the _postponement of this trial to the ni it commission , a letter of a treasonable character , in Mr Daffy ' s handwriting , having been found _smongsteoiEe papers in the possessirn of Mr Smith O'Brien after his arrest . The question will be argued to-morrow . The Attorney-General ' s announcement with regard to the proceedings about to be instituted against Mr _Gavan Duffy , of the Nation , caused considerable sensation in the court .
LATEST FROM IRELAND . _Di-blis . — On ThurEday , Mr O'Doherty was placed on his trial a second time , under the Treason Felony Act , for a series of publications in the Iribh Tbi-BTj . tt ; . The trial was proceediig when the express left . REMOVAL OF POLITICAL PBIS 05 SBS . Friday . —Thia morning thirteen persons , charged with treason and rediuou , including Messrs Me any , Bre & nan , O'Higgins , and Taafe . were sent to Kingstown and shipped on board a government _Bteamer _, which immediately failed towards the north . It is supposed their destination is Fort George , in Scotland . MOBK ARRESTS IN _BCBLIIh John Martin Barke has been committed to Newgate under the new set of parliament . Richard F . Ryan . Eugene Martin , James Lawlor , and Timothy Sextonhave be _ej arrested .
Mr James Martin , brofcher . to Mr John Martin , has been arrested tor _chaUeBpag Mr Waterhouse to fight adtwl , _
National Victims' Fund Committee. The Ba...
NATIONAL VICTIMS' FUND COMMITTEE . The balance sheet of monies received towards defraying the expense of passage and outfit of Mrs Eliza Ann Jones , to convey her to her exiled husband , the compatriot of John Frost , August 8 tb _, 1848 :-£ a . d . Batb _, S . _Caatwin . „ §< § ii o 2 6 _MesBrB _HoBkUl aad Wells , " '" . 0 2 0 Mr House , _Camberweii ... \ " "' , 0 10 James _Bnbb , Lincoln ... '" "" 0 8 0 Thomas Potter , Stockton " \ ,, ' , 0 5 0 George Kendall , Asbfield '" . \ " 0 5 0 John _Gllberlnon , Carlisle _,, 10 0 Female Chartists , Rcchdale ' . ' . ' , ... 0 10 0 W , N . R _., Manchest er ... . "" " [ 0 0 6 "" '"
Rotherhara Chartists ... 0 18 Uotherhara _unartlsts ... . 0 18 Mr Chippendale t > 0 3 4 _F . Tf . B . ... " „ "' \ " 0 10 _MrGiislty ... ... t > < # 0 10 Mr and lira Draper , Camberweii " ' ,, , 0 2 0 Joseph _Harrlien , Burnley ... ... 0 3 6 Bristol Chartists ... "' '" 0 4 0 Ratcliffe Bridge , Wra Cloneh * " " . " 0 3 0
Hyde Branch of Laud Company ... ... 0 7 6 S . _Hobbs , Tfycemba ... # " ... 0 3 0 _Droylsden , John Leigh "" " * o 4 G Mansfield , George Hl bbard ... ... 0 10 _Deaa-streeet , _Westminster Locality ... 10 0 Glasgow , James Ray ... ... ... 0 6 1 Dundee , James Graham ... ... 0 15 7 Camberweii Locality ... ... ... 0 10 0 Ditto , a Fen Friendb ... _. „ ... 0 3 0 John P . Jones ... ... ... 0 10 Accrington ... ... ... ... 0 5 0 Swindon , S . G . Maul _y ... ... ... 0 3 G William Jameson ... ... , 0 10
Marjlrtone Locality ... ... ... 0 6 3 From Stafford ... ... ... 0 6 0 WaUingford , C . Phillips ... ... 0 3 3 Few Friends , Vauihall 0 5 0 Nottingham , Mr Sweet ... ... 0 16 Brighton , Wm _Flowtrs ... ... 16 6 Ditto , No . 2 Locality ... ... ... 0 C 2 _Palslty Chartists ... ... ... 0 10 9 Leicester , F . Simpson ... ... ... 0 13 0 Robert Paline ... ... ... 0 16 Cheltenham , C . Hyett ... ... ... 0 10 0 Birmingham , James Brewster ... ... 0 5 0
James Parker , Camberweii ... ... 0 1 0 AFrUHd , ditto ... ... ... 0 2 6 Nottingham , Mr Sweet ... ... ... 0 13 _KUmarBCck , Mr Giilmaa , 0 2 4 Sunderland ... ... ... ... 0 10 Ratcliffe Bridge , J . _Booking ... ... 0 3 6 Washington Brigade and Mr Tolman ... 0 16 6 Brighton . Wm . Flowers ... ... 114 Nottingham , John Bodlll ... ... 0 2 0 Newcastle-upon-Tyne , per M Jude ... 0 14 10 Lambeth Locality ... ... ,,. 10 0 _Northampton , Mr _Munday ... ... 0 G G Manchester , per Mr Lacey ... ... 0 5 6 New Radford , ditto ... ... ... 0 4 0
£ 17 10 10 James _Ghassby . John Godwin .
The M'Douall Defence Fund. A Cigar Deale...
THE M'DOUALL DEFENCE FUND . A cigar dealer , Greenwich 0 5 0 Coventry , per W . _Hoiitr 0 16 Hebden _Bridge , per Jas . Mann 0 S 0 Lincoln , per ThoB . Sharp 0 5 0 A Liverpeol Freeman , P . C . B . ... ... 0 10 DanielJohn _Chestsifield .. 0 10 Newcastle , per Robert Gardener 0 10 0 Burnley Chartists , per Jas , Wallace 0 5 0 _Haslingdon , per Henry Green 0 11 _WestbroHiwicb , per Wm , Turner 9 2 6 London , "WUllam Shuts 0 10 Old Sbildon , Lacd and Chartist members , per John Parker ,. 0 5 2 Rochdale , per Leigh Cleave 0 7 3 £ 2 IS 9 The above is all the money I have __ received from any place except the Ashton subscriptions , and unless our Chartist friends in the country will bestir themselves and forward subscriptions , I fear we shall not be able to take witnesses down to Liverpool . W . Aitkin , Treasurer . [ Tbe above should have appeared last week , but was omitted for want of space . —Ed . _If . S . _) The following sums havo been received up to Taesday evening , the 16 th inBi : — Blackburn , Richard Maiden 2 9 0 Penzance , W . J . Oroeott ... ,. ... 0 10 O Collie , Joshua Watson 0 14 0 High Town , W . _Wardls 0 10 0 Si Andrew ' s , _Fifeshlw , T . G . MasUrde ... 0 5 0 _JTidtileton , a Chartist 0 10 Cheltenham , John _HanmeiD ., 10 0 Aberdeen , 'Fair _Play _' and others 0 4 0 Soalh Shields , John R _yle 0 7 0 London , per W . Rider 0 3 6 Presten , W . _Llddall 10 0 Winchester , Geo . _Sturgess ... ... ... 0 3 0 BeTerlej _, Christopher Yates .,. ... 0 6 0 _Leicester , W . Goodman 0 9 0 Daventry Geo . Beale 0 10 0 c £ 8 11 6 W . Aitkin . Per W . Rimb . Banbury , per J . Howe ,,, „ ,, „ , 0 4 6 _Dalsten , per T . Sowerby ... ... 0 5 6 Traro , per W . Burridge ... ... 0 5 6 Somers Town Chartists , per J . Arnott ... 0 5 0 Cooglelon , p « r T . Pickford ... ... 0 8 0 18 9 ¦ _» ¦
Defence Fund. Received By Wm. Rrnaa. £ S...
DEFENCE FUND . Received by Wm . _Rrnaa . £ s . d . Amount already published ... ... 311 8 9 StapleburBt , per J . _Bristow ... .. 0 4 6 G . _Pelrson . Riverhead , Kent ... ... 0 0 6 W . Sadler , Carnaby Market ... ... 0 10 J . F , _Arastronjj , _fijjremoht ... ... 4 ' 3 0 A . Robert , Porf Hbpetown " , Edinburgh ... 0 4 0 _SittiogBourne . per 3 . _Wiilfs ... ... 0 2 0 Warwick Friends , _ptr C . French ... 0 3 19 Y . ncent Camden , per ditto ... ... 0 2 6 A Toll Collector ... ... ... 0 10 Ship Inn , Birmingham , per J . Newhouse ... 1 10 0 Nottingham , Mr Bro * holme . per J . Swest 0 10 HanUy and Sheltcn _Chsrtlitg , per M . Deakln 0 10 9 Joiner ' s Square , per ditto ... .. 0 3 2 An Enemy to Oppression ... ... 0 2 0 £ 814 17 7
Alarming State Of The Manufacturing Dist...
ALARMING STATE OF THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS . ( From the Daily News . ) Very considerable alarm has been created in the manufacturing districts—more particularly in Mancheater and _Ashton-under-Lyne—by rumours of intended outbreaks by the Chartists and the Irish Confederate clubs . Our correspondent states that he was inclined to treat the matter as an idle rumour , but on application to the police authorities he found the magistrates had been in consultation during
almost tbe whole of Saturday night , several of them being at the town-hail indeed as late as two and three o ' clock on Sunday morning . The ground of this alarm to the magistrates was not suffered to transpire , but something of an unusual natHre is inferred , from the circumstance tViat tb . e police are enjoined to strict secrecy towards the press , a course which has not before been adopted . The answer of the police superintendents to the most simple question is , ' We are not at liberty to answer . '
At Ashton , whither our correspondent went , in consequence of the news from thence being denied at the police office in Manchester , the same secrecy was adopted , but it was there denied that any alarm has been occasioned by any circumstance . From other quarters , however , it was ascertained that some serious grounds of alarm had existed on Saturday night , and that rumours of an intention to barricade the principal streets , and to burn down the factories , in revenge for the apprehension of O'Brien , had caused the magistrates and military officers to concert steps for the suppression of any outbreak , that all the police were called together , in
fact in readiness , and that a strong military picquet , with bayonets fixed , was sent down to the _neighbourhood of the Chartist and Confederate meetinghouse on Saturday night , where a meeting was then holding . The Confederates , however , had been apprised of the approach of this body , it is stated , and extinguished their lights in great precipitation and left the building , having been in secret conclave only a short time . Most alarming stories were afloat yesterday , also , at Manchester , where il ; u said a rising was to be effected during the night , and the town set on fire with a view ef creating confusion , which was to be taken advantage of to pillage the banks and other depositories of money or
valuables . , These rumours may turn out to be unfounded , as many equallv alarming ones of a similar kind have been , but there is no question but that the magistrates see some grounds for apprehension , inasmuch as they have taken steps for assembling the whole Ot the police , and keeping them in readiness in large bodies , ready for an emergency . Capt . Wilhs , the Chief constable , it is stated , had been sent for by express from Rhyl , a small watering place , _vher _« he had gone to recruit his health *
R™Oured Chartist And Confederate 5!**H R...
R ™ OURED CHARTIST AND CONFEDERATE 5 _!** H RBANCE IN THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS .
( From the Morning Herald ) Manchester , Tuesday , August 15— For several days past rumour has been rife of an outbreak in Manchester and some of the other large towns in this district ; hut the authorities , although in possession of the intended riots , appear to have given orders to maintain silence to the public press . These channels of information having been closed , I did not consider it wise to give publicit y to the vague reports which reached me . There is now no doubt , however , but these reports were in some measure well founded . The intended outbreak here was fixed for __ last night , but it will be seen from the _s ubjoined extract from a second edition of the Manchester Examiner that nothing serious occurred : —
State of Manchester . —No attempt was made last night to disturb the peace of this citv , nor was there discovered any indication of the threatened inroad upon it by the Chartists of neighbouring towns . Probably the ample preparations and great vigilance of the magistrates may have had some effect in preventing the outbreak which the malcontents , in their madness , are said to have contemplated . From the events which took place last night at Ashton and Hyde , it would appear that there was , after all , some truth in the information which was received by our authorities . No doubt
is entertained here that those _eveuts were part of an organised and _wide-spread conspiracy . In every place , however , the authorities feel the utmost confidence that they shall be able to preserve the peace , or promptly to repress any riotous proceed _, ings . We understand that from a late hour last night till daylight this morning , detachments of soldiers and of police patrolled the streets , at various poirfts , so aa to cover all tbe princi pal entrances to the city from Oldham , Ashton , Stockport , & c . A . U the Confederate clubs in Manchester met last night , and the rooms were crowded .
Oldham . —The authorities of Oldham yesterday received information that the Chartists of that locality intended , in common with all the other towns round Manchester , to meet last night , with the view of marching upon Manchester , and taking possession of it . The report brought to the authorities was , that parties would assemble from at least 100 different places , and tbat they would proceed in a combined body to Manchester . It was understood that the Oldham contingent would leave about half past 11 o ' clock ; and the union of
the grand army of the ' national guard' was to take place about one . Owing , however , to the rain , or to the small number 'who eame forward , tbe Oldhamites did not leave their room till one o ' clock in the morning . They then sallied forth , from 50 to CO in number , some of them carrying arms . With the view of exciting less observation they divided into seperate parties on leaving the town . They were watched until they had made their way fairly out of town . The several parties then joined , and nothing more was heard of them . The authorities of Oldham were yesterday in communication with the _magistrates of Manchester with respect to the apprehended disturbances . U p till noon to-day no arrests , we believe , had taken place in Oldham .
Serious Disturbance At Asht0n.-A Policem...
SERIOUS DISTURBANCE AT ASHT 0 N .-A POLICEMAN KILLED . ( Fiom the Manchester Examiner of Tuesday . ) Last evening , about twelve o ' clock , the town of Ashton was thrown into consternation and alarm by a report that tho Chartists were intending to rise in insurrection at that hour , and from what occurred it would appear tbat the report was not without fonndatipp . At about ten minutes before twelve , police constable James Bright was passing down _Bentinckatreet , and when about fifty yards below tbe Chartist room he was shot in the breast by some person at present not known to the authorities , although he must be known to at least fifty persons who were in company with tbe assassin , most of whom were armed with pikes or guns , and all were more or leas armed with warlike _weapons of some kind or other . After
this act of cold-blooded murder , the Chart ' _at party pursued two other constables , who succeeded ic evading them , and made their way to the Town Hall , r rom which a messenger was dispatched to tbe bar racks , bat on his proceeding about a quarter of a mile on the road he found it occupied by a number of men armed with pikes , who made bin ? turn back . Another messenger was then dispatched _, who sucoeeded in gaining the barracks by a d _fferenl route , when the military were immediately sot under arms and brenght down towards where the mob had assembled . In the _meantime the ppecial constable ; had been called out . and with , the borough police ace several mounted special constables had attached tbi armed mob , whom they put to flight , taking two of them prisoners . They also found a pike en the road , tbe abaft of which is about eight feet long , the blade about twelve inches Ion _? .
With a view to prevent any further outrages , the soldiers were stationed in the Town Hall , while the special constable commenced a diligent search for arms . In their search they found a man who gave the name of William Henley , of Newtoa Moor weaver , who had in his possession on © pistol loaded , a butcher's steel , powder , slugs , Chartist Manual , shot bag . pike head , wadding purse , a slater ' s pick _sharpened , knite , and ramrod . A man named William Penny , who wa & in hi 3 company , had seme gun caps in his possession ; a third , named Thomas Lees ,
cotton-spinner , and who lives at Godley , bad two boxes of Inciter matches ; a man named William Eden , shoemaker , of Dnkinfield , was also seized . He had in his possession one pike handle , two _knires , and two ball tickets . There were also several pikes , pike handles , and other artie _' _es , evidently made for the purpose of destroying lite , and of the most formidable description . There were altogether , twenty-two personB'apprenended , _fouvarious _effinoes . Atibout two o ' clock , th ® mayor arrived at the'To'Wn Hall , and bad a conference with Mr'Jowety ' and Mr Lord , assisted 6 y the clerk , Mr H . Hall . ' '• i
( From the _DaityNewsof Wednesday . ) So far as can be ascertained it appears that a number of the Confederates assembled in tho evening at their usual meeting house , the _Cbarlestown Chapel , and for once having evaded the surveillance of the police were enabled to arm themselves with pistols , pikes , swords , and other weapons , and march out into tbe streets , thus armed , at a little before twelve o ' clock , without encountering any immediate oppoai tion . Persons who saw them state that there were some thirty or forty p ikes carried by them whioh gleamed in the moonlight , and that several carried drawn swords , and others guns and pistols . _Soin after leaving the meeting house they encountered two policemen , one of whom was shot through the
beart with a ' pietol ; and they pursued the other into an adjoining street , but be baffled them by running into a cottage , the door of which he locked inside , taking care to extinguish the light as soon as possible . What tbe orgect ol their march was , boyond the assassination of the police , dots not very clearly appear ; but it would seem that for a short time they entertained the insane proje ' ot of holding the town against the military , for on messengers being sent to the barracks they encountered this armed force and were turned back—some , indeed , being fired at . It is stated that the rioters were _encountered , by these messengers inconsiderable force , drawn up in lines acrosstthe road to the barracks , but on the military being sum * moned ( as they were shortly afterwards through the instrumentality of messengers sent in other directions ) it wasiound tb _» t tbe rioters had moved , and it has since come to the knowledge of the authorities
that they had gone forward to Hyde , a town several miles distant . A man named Bradshaw , who works for the Messrs Fowler , potters , was pierced through the thigh with a spear . Another man , named George _Sbowcross , was shot through the calf of one leg with slues , and they fired a bullet through the window of Mr Ap .-land , surgeon , Dukinfield _, about two o ' clock , whilst that gentleman was standing at it , but so wide of him as not to have placed him in much peril . On their way through Dukinfield they oalied at tno Beat of Mr _CharleB Hindley . M . P ., and dislodged one of the small cannons placed in front of it , carrying it off , but ultimately abandoning it , probably on account of its weight . On arriving at Hyde , it appears they entered several faotories and drew the plugs from the boilers , but dispersed without committing other mischief . The name of the policeman shot is James Bright , and his dead body wa 9 picked up in Beri _timk-street , Ashtonby Mr Graya publican .
, , In the morning , within a few hours after the occurrence , the magistrates of Ashton bad assembled at the Town-hall , and measures were taken at their suggestion by the police to apprehend suspected persons , and upwards of twenty have been taken into custody , _aome of whom were to undergo an examination last evening . One of these men , named William Penny , had only some gun caps in his possession ; William Eden , another , had a pike bandlo . Several had pike heads ; but some of them bad no weapons whatever found upon them . Wm .
Henley , of Newton-moor , weaver , had in his _possessioa a loaded pistol , some powder , slugs , shot bag , a _s ' ater ' s pick newly sharpened , and a Chartist Manual . A quantity of ball _cartridaes were found in a garden belonging to Mr Binns of Dukinfield , which it is supposed the Confederates had left the re to avoid the risk of being detected with them in their possession A sword , newly sharpened , and u pike head were found in the yard of tho Ta ' . _boi Inn early In the morning . About noon , also , a number , of p ikes were found ia a field near Dukinfield .
Hoxion.-The Chartist Members Of This Loc...
HoxioN .-The Chartist members of this locality are requested to attend at the IHope Coffee houee , _Bridoort-plMft , on . Sunday _evening , August 20 th .
The Riot And Murder At Ashton. (From The...
THE RIOT AND MURDER AT ASHTON . ( From the Daily News . ) The examination of the prisoners taken at Ashton , outbreak of Confederates and Chartists , _during Monday night , has resulted in the com ' _mit _. a of three of their number for trial at the assizes Ihe prisoners , 22 in number , underwent an _exarninatton on Tuesday night before the istrates
mag . James Whitehead was charged with being found near the place where Bri ght , the murdered policeman , was found ; but there was no evidence to implicate him , and he was discharged . James Mawdesly and Michael Morris were charged with standing sentinel near to Messrs Kenwortbv ' s pits , Mosslcyroad , and with having , along with 30 or 40 other men , obstructed the road , and prevented Thomas Haigh and another person from going home . Tbey had also threatened to shoot them . Near to where
Morns was taken , soon after the outbreak , a pike eight feet in length was found . On this evidence the prisoners were remanded . Jonathan Braithwaite and six others , who had been taken on suspicion merely from being found in the streets , were discharged . John Latimer and William Eden , found in the possession of pike-heads , were remanded . Thos . Lees , James West , Wm . Healv , and Wm , Penny , were next examined . John Bradshaw , a police constable , said : I was despatched on horseback for the military about quarter past eleven
o ' clock , last night . I ' saw a man with a large bludgeon standing opposite the Swan Inn . When he saw me , he gave a shrill whistle . I rode at him , and he shrieked . I rode up to near the Kennely coal pits , and saw a great number of men armed , with their pikes and guns in a defensive position . I returned , as I could not get by them , and when I got back I beard that Bri ght was shot . I went again , about one o ' clock , in company with the chief canstable and the other constables , and found the road barricaded .
After the examination of several other witnesses , the prisoners Healy , Penny , and Lees , were committed for trial , and West was remanded . James Horsefield , Benjamin Duke , and Thomas Rhodes , were next examined and discharged , the _chainman intimating that if the police found anything further against them , tbey must be brought up again . This closed the examination .
Arrests At Manchester. At Manchester The...
ARRESTS AT MANCHESTER . At Manchester the magistrates , no doubt impelled to more decisive measures by the sanguinary outbreak at Ashton , took steps on Tuesday night , by a combined movement of the police and military , to seize the Chartist and Confederate leaders in their various clubs , and were successful in laying hold of some of the more notorious . They had been watched very closely on Monday night , as was stated in the Daily News of Wednesday , but they separated without any outbreak . It was ascertained , however , that all the clubs were assembled that night , and that some of them held their conferences in the dark , and with arms in their possession , keeping a
strict watch upon the movements of the police . It was rumoured that , having been intimidated by the police tbat night , they intended to meet again and issue from their clubs on the following night ( Tuesday ) , and make an attack on the mills and principal public buildings , to burn or pillage tbem . Against some of tbe persons known to be in their club-rooms , warrants were out from distant towns , and against others informations were sworn on Tuesday , before the Manchester magistrates , connecting them with the Ashton and other clubs , as having one common objeet-ih view , and with having possession of arms . The magistrates were assembled on Tuesday night at the Town Hall , to the number of ten or twelve , and soon after ten o ' clock Captain Willis , the chief constable , and Mr Beswick , chief superintendent of the detective force , divided a force of nearly 300
policemen into five bodies , under the command of Superintendent Sawley , Taylor , Leary , Saynor , and M'Mullin _, and despatched them by the most private routes , so as to make a simultaneous attack on the different clubs . At tbe same time , two bodies of military , consisting of two troops of the 4 th Royal Irish Dragoons and two companies of the 30 th Infantry , proceeded by other routes , so as to take up a position to aid the civil force in case of need . They succeeded in taking fifteen Chartist and Confedeiate leaders in all , the greater portion of them being found at Whitaker _' s Temperance Hotel , Ancoats , the principal club-room , and these men they escorted to the lock-ups under the Town Hall , having taken them without any resistance . Mr Daniel Lee , Mr Joseph Peel , and Mr Matthew Kennfdy , three borough magistrates , accompanied the police .
On Wednesday , at the Borough Court , Manchester , the whole of tbe fifteen prisoners were brought up before the following magistrates for examination : — Messrs E . Armitage ( the Mayor ) , D . Maude , F . Hodgson , F . W . Kennedy , W . " Jackson Alderman Watkins , Alderman Walker , R . Gladstone , and J . Kennedy . The nanus of the prisoners placed at the bar were-J . Leech , T . Whitaker , H . Ellis , G . Rogers , H . Williams , G . Webber ( Englishmen ); D . Donovan , J . J . Finnigan , P . Deolin , M . Carrigan , J . Leaman _, G . White , J . Dowlan , S . Cairns ( Irishmen ); and T . Rankin ( Scotchman . )
Mr Pollock , barrister , appeared for the prosecution , about twelve o ' clock , and asked the indulgence of the court for a short time in consequence of not having received bis instructions , intimating at the same time that he should probably have to apply for the remand of all the prisoners , without goin g into evidence . . j Mr W . P . Roberts , attorney for the prisoners , and who is better known as the miners' attorneygeneral , trusted that the court , before they attended to any such application , would see that there was some charge against the prisoners beyond the mere fact of their being Chartists . Some time having elapsed , during which Mr Pollock was receiving his instructions , he rose and said he should now have to make the application of which he had before given an intimation .
Mr W . P . Roberts said , the prisoners had all been apprehended at a late hour , just as they were retiring to bed , and they were taken without any crime being alleged , except that they were Chartists . He therefore asked , that the application for a remand be refused . These men stood there on their deliverance , there being no evidence against them , and they having no consciousness of having offended against the law . To say the least , if the magistrates determined on a remand , he hoped they would take bail , and let the prisoners be informed of the cbarge against them , that they might have some opportunity of being prepared to meet the charge when it did come . He knew there was a fashion of saying , ' Wait till you meet your judges , ' but he protested against such a course in this case , and contended that it would be most unjustifiable .
* Mr Pollock said the learned gentleman had anticipated him . He bad not yet made the application , but be was not sorry to _laa-ve heard ibe observations which had just fallen , because the application he had to make would meet one of those observations , and that the principal one , most completely . He applied to have the whole of the prisoners , some of whom had been apprehended with warrants and some without , remanded to some future day , in order that full evidence might be brought before the court with reference to their alleged guilt , and that , in the meantime , be would take care sufficient _intimation was given to the prisoners of what the charge would be . Tbe cbarge on which these men were
brought before the court did not consist , as he was instructed , in their being Chartists simply _; nor would they have been brought there for any political opinions they might hold , if they had not been _guilty of other offences . On a future day he should be able to show that these men had been apprehended at a place where a club was held , which was only one of a great number of clubs ; and with respect to these clubs , they would be ready to prove that they had been organised for a considerable time , and acted together in concert with each other , and with clubs outside the town , and in distant parts of the manufacturing districts , which bad counselled resistance to the lawful authorities , and some of which had already come into collision with the
police—in one instance , as the magistrates were probably aware , with the loss of human life , aud under circumstances of a most alarming character . Some of the prisoners had taken an acti . e part in some of the clubs ; had communicated with them by means of pass-words , and some of those passwords and their proceedings had come to the knowledge of the police . So far from this being an attack by mere Chartists , they had reason to hope that the number of those persons sympathising with tbe prisoners as regarded their determination to attempt obtaining their views by physical force was very small . With regard to the prisoners , they had reasons to know that they and others who might be made amenable to justice , and against whom warrants bad been already issued , had taken
Arrests At Manchester. At Manchester The...
such a part as to lead to a fear that they intended to excite their followers , and to disturb the peace , and tbat some of them , more dangerous and disaffected than others , bad carried out tbeir designs in a manner which fell very little short o _$ treason , and would certa _' nly amount to a very seri « _ous charge of sedition ; for they should be able toshow that these clubs not only contemplated the destiuction of property and the resistance of autho . rity , but even the destruction of human life . The ground on wh ch he applied for a remand was , that not only were the police unable at present to bring ; forward all the evidence , but that the commission for the Liverpool Assizes was to be opened that day , when many of the principal witnesses were summoned to give evidence in other cases , and in consequence of which the prosecution in this case would be deprived of their services .
Mr Roberts , on behalf of the prisoners , resisted the application , and said that his clients had been driven to hold their meetings iu secrecy and privacy by the stringent and unconstitutional means adopted by the authorities in preventing them meeting ia public . If men were not allowed to meet in public , and to urge their complaints openly and fairly , as free-born Englishmen ought to do , there was reason to suppose that they would meet in private . His opinion was that the authorities , by denying them the right ol public meeting , were going tbe right ; way to destroy that bold independence of character wbich had been the boast of this country , and to convert it into a nation of assassins . But be that
as it might , let the prisoners have tbe semblance of justice . Let the evidence they had be taken at onne _^ or if they had none , let the prisoners be discharged He asked no favour ; he knew they would have none ; he only feared that if tbey went to trial in the present state of the country , if they were tried , juries would be found too ready to convict them , under the name of Chartists , of any offence . But let the forms of tbe law be gone through , and let there be at least aprimafacie case made out before the prisoners were remanded . *
After a short consultation the magistrates agreed to divide the prisoners into two classes . _Thosjs taken without warrants were dismissed on _thejj own recognisances in £ 20 till next Wednesday , anfl those taken on warrant were also set at liberty oi finding two sureties each in £ 20 to answer thp charges against them on the same day .
Latest From The Manufacturing* Districts...
LATEST FROM THE MANUFACTURING * DISTRICTS , The whole neighbourhood of Ashton is in a state of g reat excitement . Warrants have been issued for the apprehension of several persons . The Chartist leaders have all absconded from Ashton and Stalybridge . A reward of fifty pounds has been offered for the discovery of the person who shot Bright the policeman .
•W Further Committal Of Chartists: Birmi...
• w FURTHER COMMITTAL OF CHARTISTS : BIRMINGHAM . Friday Morning . —This day George White , of Bradford , and Edward King , of this town , were committed to Warwick Gaol for trial , on the charge of sedition , and of takiug part in an unlawful meeting held in the People's Hall , in _Loveday-street , on the 16 th inst . The prisoners will be admitted to bail , themselves in JE 100 eacb , and four sureties in £ 25 . In the early part of the proceedings G . S , Mantle was taken into custody in the neighbourhood of the court , charged with assaulting a policeman some weeks ago . He was armed with a stick heavily loaded . The magistrates remanded him until to-morrow . LIVERPOOL .
AN 0 THKR CASE OF _TREASONABLE C 0 NSPIRACT . Friday Afternoon . —A young man named Murphy has been this day examined , and remanded on a charge of treasonable conspiracy .
Receipts Of The Nation&B L&Hz) * Cob1pan...
RECEIPTS OF THE NATION _& b L & _HZ _) * COB 1 PANV , POR THE WEEK ENDING THURSDAY , AUGUST IT . 1818 . PES MR O'CONNOR . SU *» E 8 . £ » . a , Horninghold .. 0 18 6 _Horsley .. 0 3 o Haswoll _~ 0 7 6 Birmingham , Ship 2 10 , 4 _Newcastle-upcra _. Manchester •¦ 3 T ( _Tjne „ 816 0 _Iveston .. 216 O Lambeth „ 0 11 8 Merthyr , Morgan 3 7 5 _Noltiricham , Rochdale .. 19 9 Sweet m 0 13 0 Eli Marchant ,. 016 9 Birmingham , Thomas Thorn-Goodwin .. 10 9 berry .. 0 5 0 _Salford m * 11 6 Thomas Moss .. 1 7 IS Oldham H 0 li 3 _WilliamBaillie O 3 «
¦ £ 33 lb _BXPENSB FUND . Newcastle upon- Manchester H 011 S Tjho o 15 0 Iveston M 6 8 * Nottin gham , Kidderminster .. 2 O _< b Sweet M 0 12 4 Merthjr , Morgan 0 11 , 6 Salford .. 0 7 6 Rochdale „ 0 1 « £ 5 10 fi
Land Fund ... ... ... S3 139 Expenao Fun...
Land Fund ... ... ... S 3 139 Expenao Fund ... ... ... 5 10 6 Rules ... _.,, ... „ . 0 1 © Bank ... , „ ... , „ 50 1 © £ 88 14 £ Returned on account of Transfers at _Miuster Lovel .. _» ' u .. .. 105 IS O Returned ' on accdUDt of AidUeney on Two Three-acre Farmsat ditto .. _„ _„ 45 0 O Rcceived _' on account of House and Ten Acres of Land at Bromsgrove .. .. .. 1000 9 O Received on account of a Three aero Fans at Lowbands .. .. n .. „ 52 10 8 Ditto , for an Allotment at Snig ' s End .. 90 O _49 Gilt , „ „ „ SO O tt £ 1 391 19 4 Wm , Dtxow , _Chbistopbbb Doits , Thos . Cubk , ( Cones . Sec . ) Pniur H'GBATH , ( Fin . Sec . )
For Families Of Victims. Beceivid By W. ...
FOR FAMILIES OF VICTIMS . BECEIVID BY W . BIDEB . M . Ball , Mansfield 0 0 6 _Cbester-le-Street , < A F « w Females , per M . Robinson 0 , | 1 _fl Manchester , per Banbury , per J . E . Johnson u 0 10 3 Hone m 0 10 S Ipswich , per J . Penrith , por H . I Cook ., 0 3 7 Sherlicker OSS I _» n
The Liberty Fund. ., For The Fortnight E...
THE LIBERTY FUND . ., For the Fortnight ending Thursday , Aug . 17 tlu Deplf ' ord Lo- Somers Town , * culity .. O 3 o per Ur Arnott 010 8 WashingtonBri- .. KrClaris , .. 0 « _< _9 cade , per Mr _florthwicn , per Daniels .. 0 10 0 MrRowe .. 0 4 9 Manchester , per Wbittington and Dr M'Douall 2 0 0 Cat , per Mr ' Cheltenham , per Bloomfield ¦ . 1 0 59 Mr Glcnister .. 0 10 0 Sittingbourne , Devonport , per per Mr Willis 0 , S O Mr Kogers .. 0 5 0 Huddersfield , Bristol , per Mr per Mr _Sykes 1 13 £ Hyatt .. 0 5 11 Radcliffe . perDr Kidderminster .. 0 5 0 _MJDouall .. 0 ' _1 D 8 —i £ 81 ' s a > The above are tte receipts of a fortnight , and lea $ _e-flbn _Bscitty in debt . We coll on all secretaries holding funasSo pay the same immediately , and all localities to enter into subscriptions for tbe Liberty Fund on the Sunday anfl Monday of nest week . Wo are as plain in stating our circumstances ' _aaawt are free in stating our opinions , and care nothing forSffl SBeers and insults of _thepress . John _M'Cbab , Secretary . _RECBIVSD BV W . R 1 DBB . Star and Gaiter Locality , Kentish Town .. 0 S »
Notice. ^ Mr Harney Has Kindly Offered T...
NOTICE . _^ Mr Harney has kindly offered to receive aU lettersoesffi to the Executive . So , in ( utur » , all corerm _» nicstf _< w <» must be directed to John _M'Cbab , 16 , Great Windmai street , Hajmarket , London .
Gi*Bb And Fribnps—A General Meeting Of T...
Gi * bb and _Fribnps—A general meeting of tha Land memberB will be held on Tuesday evening , ia Morgan-street , at eight o ' clock . Mr _Mbriuman will not lecture , as announced ls _& week , at tbe Orange Tree , Red Lion-square , » Sunday ntxt , the 20 th intt . J . ti . Shepherd will deliver an addreeB on _MomJqy evening at eight o'olock _, at the Loyal United Frieadi Tabernac ' e Walk , Hoxton . The _Committed for the disposal of a gold seal , a * _Cartwright' ? coffee-house , _Redcross-street , will meet on Wednesday evening nextat nine o ' clock .
, A Lbcibrb will be given on Sunday evening , _aitw » Digby Arms , Digby . _street , Globe-lane , Betbn » _l-gr « _wu The Land members' _arorequested to attend . _Liiibhousb . —Brunswick Halt ,. —The Land man * bera are requested to attend a special general messing on Tuesday evening next , at _BOTen oclocfc , w consider Mr O'Connor ' s proposition . Mr K * dd will lectors in the Literary InBtittttoa _John-Btreet _, on Thursday next . Subject : _23 » Organisation of Labour . * Chair to ba taken tA _ejpi o ' olo c k , The trade * _ftwi & _Yitd to attend .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 19, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_19081848/page/5/
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