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^ Y 00. WR. _ ^ ¦ T'HE NORTHERN ..ffif A...
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State or Trade is Manchester.—Tbo market...
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'JHi^ NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. SATURDAY, Mat 1...
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motion. wbJe^Rlri'fcfa'y witl^r |w^^2 r-...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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London Demonstration. A Great Public Mee...
i , i-d but _doiituie _, men and women . Thev called " tbe ' Chartists rebels . He liked tbe Xa \ t a time when tbe . shopkeepers were on rt _7 ver " * e cf bankruptcy , vvhen tbe manufacturers el _,. _sin" _- monPV by tbe million , andthe working _T of England knew not "here to find to-morrow ' s v " ' _ast—that was a ' time when he cared not for JJ' _caikd a rebel . These things were now too ' _l for the Home Secretary . There was now the \ U ' e _< t unanimity between England and Ireland a hP becced thev would remember tbat Mr Shiel ¦ d on the trial " of Daniel O'Connell , that , witb _Fn-riisbnien and Irishmen united , no government ould withstand the pressure from without . ( Hear 5 \ Let them remember tbat tbe union of the _"diile and the working classes first brought out tneta the Bl d let t
{ edom , cave Re { orra "> an nem -mber that tbe middle classes were fast coming T c , . them . Those were now constrained bv hn _" er who bad never felt it before . Lrt tbem re ' - _membT that tbe most powerful argument was the Sea of hunger , the want of bread . He wished the enfranchisement of tbe working classes , that at length this state of things might be remedied , that ftevVicbt . w \( h tbeir political power , work out tfaei ' r moral " and social elevation . He wished to see their workhouses converted into Normal seminaries for the training of the teachers of youth . He wished to see the schoolmaster displace the hangman ; for e ver do _away with" tbe necessity of death punishments . He wished these things , hat he knew the meanwhile that men and women of tbe middle and working classes are starving , and he exclaimed , with
tbe poet Hood—Great God ! that bread shnnlii be so dear , Aon _fljsta _aod blood so cb- £ p . He therefore begged to move the resolution , wbich had 2 _lreadv been read . Mr _rtonr _, delegate from Aberdeen , rose with great pleasure to second tbe resolution , which said that it was a disgrace both to tbeir rulers and thc people themselves , tbat the people were placed in so degraded a condition . Now , if it was a disgrace to tbem- tb- n tbeir conduct bad not been wbat it ought to have been . Were tbey then determined tbat it should be so no longer , that tbey would have their own ? That was the question tbat evening for tbem .
The aristocracy bad robbed tbem and weuld c- _'titinue to do so—as long as a man would let tbem , would they do so . Let them consider cf it , and if they believed that the disgrace of England . Ireland , " and Scotland , was their being slaves , they had but to determine m their own minds , and from tbat hour they wire no longer enslaved ; as a great philosopher and _statesman in France had declaied , that for a people to be free , they bad only to will it , and were enfranchised from that hour . There had beer a great deal of talk as to what it was tbe Chartists ¦ wanted . They wished peace—peace with all menhut there could be no peace while there was starvation _, and until there sh- uld be bread . In England
vear by year tbe government was grinding down tbe peonle * increasing their taxation , by wrong legislation _robbing tbem of their labour , and as a consequence they were becoming poorer every year . In Ireland a million had died in a single year of starvation , and if tbe men of England wished to avoid Ire . land ' fate , ' Now ' s the time and _now ' s the hour . ' Butaftw months longer , and the fate of Ireland would be tbat of England ; they will die with bread before their eyes . He urged them to exert themselves , and promised them the aid of Scotland in their common struggle .
Dr M'Douall felt great pleasure in supporting tbis resolution , tbat had been so ably moved and seconded by Mr Kydd and Mr Henry . He did so because be en _' . irely _participa-ed and concurred in tbe vie _^ s of those gentlemen . He thought the time bad arrived in tbis country when not only a change but a very great change must take place , 2 nd net so lcEg a time either nust elapse when tbat must take place . But the aristocracy will positively know these changes . They were aware of the condition of this country , and of the case of the working men , the damage that bad been dene to trade , the evils and the entire disorder tbat existed _throughout the couutry . No change
however was to lie expected , except from tbe working classes themselves . The _gove-nment and tbe aristoc racy knew that there were grievances of an _aggravated character in the country ; tbey knew that the causes of these were folly ripe for change ; tbey knew that the most probable chance < f a remedy mig ht arise from the telling of these grievances ; hut to prevent people saving of them , to prevent tbem stating tbe wants cf the stomacb , they had stopped their mouth . This , in fact , was the notorious' Gagging Bill . ' ( Hear , hear . ) Sir G . Grey bad passed this bill against speaking openly and ' 2 d vised iy , but he ( Dr M'Douall ) would have thought that the way to prevent hunger , would have
been to speak outright , and that in very plain language . If an act of parliament will fill the belly , goodaF . d well , butifiiot , any such attempt as this 2 t maintaining the peace of the community , would not do for the future . He begged to tell Sir George Grey that he had seen _suffering and want " endured by men and women throughout tbe countrv to an _amonut that would put bis bill at defiance . ( Cheers . ) England , after all , was not so remarkable as a manufacturing and a commercial people , so far as factories and workshops were concerned . He did sot mean to assert for a moment tbat they were not the greatest manufacturing and commercial country in the world , but he could point
out to tbem still greater establishments in England tban any of those devoted to trade . He would bid tbem look to where the factory stands , tbat a barracks is not far off ; tbat where the barracks stands a prison is not far off ; that where the prison stands near it is the workhouse , and that witb tbe workhouse is conjoined , in near neigbbom hood , the madhouse . Vi ' _as it singular that the workhouse , the prison , and the madhouse , sbould be tbe largest establishments in a country where there was ho expression of the popular will ? The workhonse stood to receive the depressed but willing labourer , driven from the factory ; the prison to punish deeds in him that were chargeable rather on his extreme
circumstances ; the barrack to overawe all with military power ; and the madhouse to admit the members of tbe middle classes , wbo bave seen tbeir efforts unavailing and overridden . ( Hear , hear . ; He did not believe tbat government would contend against facts ; but thev oiigbt to remove the causes of tbem . Better would it be to ec ; upy the people of tbis country than to have a numerous army , a host of special constables , and these valiant men . too , ( laughter , ) acd besides a great body of police . "Would the government try to remedy the existing evils by addressing their efforts to some of the effects ? ' A step further would carry them to prevent the fertile causes from operating . Instead of tbat ,
however , tbey bad taken away the liberty of freely meeting to express their opinion , and to agitate for the redress of their grievances . The Chartists had sent _nstlee to tbe Lord Chamberlain of tbeir intention to present a Memorial to the Queen- ( Here a Stone fell near the head of tbe speaker . ) That was a well-meant stone for the purpose , but a bad aim on the part of the man who threw it . They had sent to inquire of the Chamberlain wben it -would be convenient for Her Majesty to receive their Memorial . A note b _2 d been returned , refer ring tbem to Sir George Grey , and from Sir George Grey a letter had been received , stating that he alone was the person through whom the Memorial
could be sent , and it must be placed in his hands . They bad sent back word to him by a special messenger , not a special constable , ( laughter , ) informing him that a special committee bad been elected by tbe National Assembly , and was intended by them to present it directly to tbe Queen herself , and they Vrere not aware of any law existing in this country to prevent them having admission to Her Majesty ' s presence . There was nothing against it but an established _custsm . They went forward with the conviction that the Queen was the last woman in tbis country that would prevent them from having access to tiie throne ; she had already expressed her sympathy for the sufferings of the people of this
country . They wished to present the Memorial themselves for this reason . Also , that it prayed Her Majesty to dismiss her present ministers : and they felt that it would not be handsome to ask Sir George Grey to be a party to bis own dismissal . ( Laughter . ) ' The Queen was ' besides , though a veryexcellent lady , somewhat spirited , and at times arbitrary witb ber ministers . Now the effect of the Memorial would be to show some doings of those by whom she was surrounded , that may induce her to _SBub Sir _Gesrge Grey for his pains . ( Laughter . )
They told the ministers tbat tbe Queen , in expressing her sympathy witb the working classes , bad made a duty , a reasonable duty , binding upon her , to make herself thoroughly acquainted with the present condition of tbese classes , and tbat tbe Chartists could not now place tbeir _Memorial in tbe basils of a treasonable ministry . Now that , at least _, _tsas open and advised speaking . ( 'Cheers and laughto . ) It was , nevertheless , tbe _tni _tfi . He affirmed _ttat tbe foundation of society was , 'otten and unf 5 fe . Tfeev were foremoEt to me soci ' _*^ 5 let them
London Demonstration. A Great Public Mee...
be calm , and firm , and peaceful , and they might depend upon it tbey would gain tbeir object . He would leave others to pursue their own course , — the Chartists would be firm to theirs . Some were now going for the Household Suffrage . But if that were gained to-morrow , where he asked would be the middle-classes , the shopkeeper , tbe journeymen , and the men lodgers ? They would have no votethey would be excluded . What then to thesewhat to the many—was the Household Suffrage ? It made things worse tban tbey were now . No , let hira have the middle classes enfranchised ; the shopkeeper , tbe journeyman , and the lodger ; let him have for bis intelligence tbe working man , the
married man , the single man , and the apprentice above twenty-one years of age , empowered wiih the franchise , and then Sir George Grey and the aristocracy would be swept away for ever . ( Cheers . ) He hoped that the working men would go for the Charter , the whole Charter , but that they would not stop by saying , and nothing bnt the Charter . No , the Charter was to them a means to an end , —it was a lever in their hands to pull down the old house of corruptior , and to build a nobler bouse _, ( hey were the men they wanted to begin it , because they could do so in a workman like manner , and they were the persons wanted to furnish it , because tbev could do so in a workman like
wav-Having concluded his speech , he called upon the multitude , who gave three cheers for the Charter and No Surrender , and three groans for the Whig government . Mr May , in supporting the same resolution , gave an account of bis having been arrested that day and bonnd over to keep tbe peace , for having attempted to advocate the cause of the People ' s Charter at a meeting held in Hanover-square Rooms , in connection with tbe ' Self-Supporting Village Society . ' He promised a further account of it on Bishop Bonner ' s-fields on Sunday next , and then retired .
Mr Vernon then addressed the meeting , and said he bad promised , in joining the Chartist movement , to make use of only moral means . They had lately presented a petition , and now they were engaged with a memorial to the Queen . It was nowagreed that they sbould adopt no more any means of tbis sort ; that if the petition and the memorial should have no effect on the government , they would have recourse to other means . The resolution having been then put to the meeting , was carried unanimously .
Mr Ernest Jones , in rising to move the adoption ofa Memorial to the Queen , said , eventful circircumstances bad transpired since last tbey met — eventful circumstances for tbe government _, and they had been dicing for the superiority with the means supplied them by the present condition and the present institutions of this country . Certain opinions upon tbe Cbartist movement bad been privately propagated , with a view to make them all believe tbat there are divisions among the people , and divisions among the friends ofthe people . But he was proud to know and to feel , that there were no divisions among the people , or among their leaders ; they were
one party , united for one purpose , acting for one end , and opposed to one government . ( Cheers . ) He conld tell , them , however , tbat there were divisions against tbe government , and in tbe govern ment itself . ( Hear , bear . ) Hume , Bright , and Cobden , had come out against the government ; Sir Robert Peel had come out against bis late friends they were come out to scramble for the popular favour , and they would not get a single scrap of it . The middle classes were now not feeling themselves very secure , and they were endeavouring to make a cat ' s paw of the working man ; but be could assure them , if ever tbey tried to use them as such , tbese classes would find to tbeir cost it was a paw
which eould scratch . ( _^ Laughter . ) Tbey felt they could not do without the working men ; but be could tell tbem the working men were for the Charter ; tbey stood alone , and _csuld effect tbeir object . _Hame had come out with his parliamentary rattle , but be was sure it was more tban their Hum-arc endurance . Skilful traps bad been laid for the Chartists , and for the gallant men of Ireland ; and they now knew that John Mitchel had been arrested , and committed to a felon ' s cell , for a trespass against the Gagging Bill . Every step that Johu Mitchel took towards bis purpose was as good as though he had a regiment of soldiers at his back . ( Hear , hear . ) But thev bad not been fools
enough to go into it . He could tell the government that tbey should not catch him ; that anything of tbat kind was hopeless . He was , though young in the movement , too old a bird . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) Let them catch the Chartists in words , if they could . No ; they would go on in their movements , steadily , firmly , organising . Examples had been alluded to on the continent of Europe , and he begged to tell them that never were the men of France so miserable as tbey now were . How many a man awoke in tbe morning not knowing where to get a meal . But let them carry out the contrast , how much gluttony was practised dailv in London—in Westminster and
the Ciiy . How many there were that had no bed to go to . ' But , in contrast , how many were the comfortable feather beds iu the mansions of aristocracy , and royalty without occupiers , empty . Why should tbere be these superfluities in the one case and those extremes of want in the other ; tens and twenties of beds were to be found in a single mansion unoccupied , while another without a mansion had also not a bed ? Let them organise for their object and they would gain it . ( Cheers . ) The National Assembly had commissioned its members to go forth as missionaries to organise the several districts . They would be successful if tbey were active , energetic , and united . ( Cheers . ) His first effort with the men of London would he , and was now . to induce them to enrol themselves in the
books of tbe local secretaries . That made tbem members ; tbere was no money required , no Property Qualification . It was the man and his mind that they wanted . ( Cheers . ) If they could , let thera subscribe to tbe cause , to the Liberty Fund ; but if some could not from tbeir poverty , they did not _excoramunicate them , they were still members . ( Cheers . ) They had formed an Executive , that Executive could make no promise without the people . That Executive conld carry out the organisation and the order intended , and might superintend the funds , and direct the energies of the people , but the people themselves must do the rest . Only let them be true to themselves and a very short time more would _suffice to make the Charter law . ( Cheers . ) He begged to move the adoption of the memorial .
Mr T . Jones , the delegate from Liverpool , m seconding the motion , very briefly addressed the meeting and _recommended faithfulness to themselves in all tbeir movements . Tbe Chairman having put the Memorial , declared it carried unanimously . A vote of thanks was then voted by the meeting to the Chairman on tbe motion of Mr Garden , and the meeting broke up .
^ Y 00. Wr. _ ^ ¦ T'He Northern ..Ffif A...
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State Or Trade Is Manchester.—Tbo Market...
State or Trade is Manchester . —Tbo market in this city Btill continues depressed , as there are _n-i'iier buyers nor sellers . The news from France , with some gloomy accounts from Leipsic and other parts - _* . f . the continent , hag paralysed all _operations , and shut out all chances of immediate improvement . Such a state of things _natusallv produces stagnation in all branches of trade and affects all classes of the working community . There are s *>\ ll from seven to eigbt _thcusard operatives wiolly destitute of employment in Manchester ; but we are glad to state that work has this week been given to _abtut five hundred industrious workpeople , who had lone ; struggled against the poverty brought on by want of employment . The number of bouse 3 to be let in _Manchester indicates too clearly the state of the city ; and the poor-rate , being five shillings in the pound , ii likely to be increased for tbe present ) ear .
Kctal Polytechnic Ikstitction . —During the past week , Dr Ryan ba ? bsen _eniiaged in _delivering a c mrse of highly Interesting lec _' _ures on ' Domestic Chetni atry . ' ° In his iila _Orations ofthe d- _ctrinea and law = of heat , be haa especially directed his audience to _» be phenomena of radiation , ri _flection , and absorption as applied to the warming of public buildings . Dr Bachboffner is _engaged in an elementary _course of electrieity , and by the p > _pular and simple manner with which he illustrates hiB subject , renders it hi-bly advantageous to the various classes who visit t ' jis _estab _' isbment . The institution has never . Bince it , _es-ablisl ment , bsen so crowded as at p _eaent _, nor
_hasitev r bid so large and select a combination of tbe works of art and _chemht-y . Many highly _ict-. resting arts are carried on in this establishment , such as gem and seal _engraving , . by Mr Gifford , sculpture by Mr _rtiorrs , glass blowing , cotton spinning & c . & c . 'I hi addition of the specimen of English manufactured _porcelain , from the works of Alderman Copeland and others , has elicited much and d . _served attention since theopemng . the new mode of illustrating the di & _iolvro £ views by aistorc _* l ard g 0 _,-raphical statistics haa been found mest acceptable to the auditors . . Three English Kings are buried in France . __
A London journal notes , as a curious impor tatioB , the arrival of a wedding <*& kefrom abroad . One hundred omnibuses £ ass _ibsough Oxford street , X'OaR"nl every hoar _.
'Jhi^ National Assembly. Saturday, Mat 1...
_'JHi _^ NATIONAL ASSEMBLY . SATURDAY , Mat 13 ch . The Assembly met at nine oMjck . Mr William _Dixin in the chair .
Memorial . —Adjourned Debate , . Mr Shirron ro 3 e to sup-sort Mr Mackintosh ' s n otion , and believed it to bs thi duty ot tbis Assembly to vote in favour of it . The _dclegaies were s ? ni ther _^ for the express parpose of Feeing that Memorial presented , and were expected by tbe country to present it in the way in which it was intended to have presented the National Petition . He believed that large parties going to parliament , or to the Queen , were not illegal in so doing . If then it was legal for there in great numbers to goto her Majesty , the government would put themselves in the wrong by attempting to prevent it . The National Convention pledged themselves to proceed in a body to the House of Commons . He , for himself , went to
Kennington Common with the set determination to go on , _attending the petition , till they were stopped by force , and prevented going further . So much he expected at that time and was prepared to do—so much the nation expected of them—and now the nation ex pected the Assemb ' y would take tha steps which thc Nitional Convention failed t > take , and th / _reforo as _tiiese steps had b 3 en taken by the Convention , it was their duty now to vote in favour of the motion In his opinion , no * - was tbe time for them to _prOi-e _< d with this great combined effort . The time would come when the erganisation of the Chartist body would be more complete , but the Executive would _tren have no power to collect and gather an immense _dem-ms-ration for the Charter .
_TheCnAinMAi _assured Mr Shirron andthe Assembly tbat it had been declared _Illegal for large bodies to go to parliament or to the Queen . The Act of Charles II . was still unrepealed , and therefore itwas unnecessary to deceive themselves . Mr Adams could not & ive the motion his support . He had been taunted with a wish to put upon others a duty which he was no : pnpired to _takeur-on himself . Now nothing was more untrue . He , _therefore , last ni _^ ht had brought forward a motion similar to this , wbich he wa 3 prepared to carry out in person if it had been adopted by the Assembly , bnt it had been rejected . The present motion , however , put that upon the Executive , certain duties which perhaps were disagreeable , and which tbe _delegates had no
power or right to devolve from themselves upon the Executive The Assembly ought not to dictate that the Memorial should be presented in a particular way , and then transfer the presentation in that way t _* the Executive . No , he thought they must leave the Memorial in the hands of the Executive , and leave tbem to tike such steps , at such a time as circumstances shonld dictate . Mr Adams then explained that he had not charged the Executive wifb showing the white feather . His remark yesterday applied to the whole Assembly wben they seemed inclined to bick out of the duty of presenting the Memorial . The Executive had his confidence as honest men , the choice of them all , and therefore he would say nothing in derogation of their honour .
Mr Cochrane begged to move as an amendment , 1 That the Executive take steps to have the Memorial _piesented at an early day , and that it be left to that body to say in what way it shall be presented . ' He was astonished at what he had heard in that _Assembly about process . ioR 8 and physical demonstrations . In opposing them now , he wa * but doing what he had always done . He was opposed to _processions when they wero unanimous in voting for them , and now he was opposed to them mush more when they were divided , and wben the country was divided . They had already had a demonstration On that occasion he saw the power of the government , and their determination to put it into effect asainstthe Chartists ; aad if he how advocated a
procession—if he now advised the country to join any demonstration whatsoever , be would not be sane . Any vote of that nature , in favour of such a demonstration , amounted to a declaration of war against the government , and that ought not to be made , at least _uqtil the people were armed and prepared . But let the Assembly adopt sucb . a course now , and the consequence would be , that government would crush them , and either by transporting or executing some ofthe members of that Assembly , the _delegates wonld thus be the occasion of _throwing back the movement . He , therefore , in tbe name of the
Assembly , in the name of the Chartists , in the namo of his country , begged that they would not now sane tion any such proceeding . They , as delegates , had already been in a wild-goose chase ; they had , by this course , put the Cbartist movement back for a great number of years . ( Cries of 'No , no . ' ) He should bs happy if he were mistaken , but such was hia opinion . He was sorry that parties had thonght _prepir to occasion divisions _amr-ng theto . He weuld not name those parties , but he was quite sure that though in the meantime they had given tbe Charter a severe blow , they would themselves , in the end , be nrn _^ hprl .
Fhe amendment having been seconded , Mr Wb _^ t withdrew his amendment in favour of it . Mr Y ' saczck moved the following addition to Mr Cnchrane ' s amendment : — - ' And that Mr Wakley , M . P ., Mr O'Connor , M . P ., and Mr Duncombe , M . P .. be requested to present it . ' As there was no seconder the proposition fell to the ground . Mr T . Clark said , it was dangerous to play tbe hero , and to do the brave . Ifc was that wbich made the _Conven'isn so little , and this would _effectually injure the Assembly , should they attempt it . His Scotch friends had often expressed themselves disappointed . Hi gave them credit for sincerity . He
assured them they would leave tbe Assembly with his _highest esteem and reapect for their ability and candour . They had came np to London with certain expectations , without reference to circumstances ; but nothing was more evident than that , as a member had put it yesterday , they were not prepared to go into the streets to fight _the _ government . He was opposed to all policy of this kind ; it would seta large party in opposition to thera , and it would not aid their move-sent . It could , therefore , do them no good , and might do tbem very much harm . Until they had the power to make good their word ? , let them not pledge themselves to any _conree whatever . It was always dangerous to play tbe heto and to do the brave .
Mr S . Kvdd as one likely to be connected witb the future history of this movement , was opposed to demonstrations in London . For many reasons he was opposed to them , and for this—that in London there was a little world of thieves who would always take advantage of any demonstration to steal , break windows , rob houses , and injure their neighbours , and aU that would not help the Chartists . Tbe government , therefore , might be sure if they ever found him in another procession , that it meant actual war against them . He then alluded to and deprecated the personalities that had prevailed in the Assembly . As for the motion before them , he would say that circumstances change case ? . When they resolved on the demonstration at Kennington Common , they
considered that the British government were opposed to tbe freedom of debate , and of the subject , and in making that demonstration thoy were contending , as Junius put it , for the Palladium of English liberty . It was far different now . Mr Clark , however , could sneer about playing the hero and doing the brave as be called it , and thus sneer at other men ' s conduct . He ( Mr Kydd ) complained of nobody . He was opposed then to the motion , _tecause the government had declared therasefvea warlike ; because , when tbe government made tbis declaration , tbe people do dared themselves peaceful ; because they were in a position ta carry out their wishes , and becau e the _circnmstaccf . s which made such a
demonstration desirable bad changed throughout the country . A 3 for their Scotch friends wbo bad exhibited their enthusiasm , they were _Vi-ry admirable in their way ; they had left their own country , it seemed , in a state of enthusiasm ; they had coma up to London with certain expectations , but they forgot that circumstances had changed . On that account he opposed the motion . He did not think that demonstrations and large open air meetings would aid their cause—meetings that were far too large to ba deliberative , lo voting , therefore , against processions , ho was voting in accordance witb circumstances , and in consideration of his life , his liberty , and bis judgment .
Mr Marsden did not rise to blame tbe London men , or the _Executive , or the Assembly ; he _exonerated them all , and himself too . Then they might ask him whom he would blame . The fact was , tbey were in leading strings , and they had not known it . Like wild colts they had gone to tho end of their tether , and without knowing it , had started off still further . However the pluck back which threw all together on the ground , let tbem know thtir condition . That was their position now , it was useless denying tbe truth , or to struggle against it . Mr Carver had been sent up , like many others , for the special purpose of having a Memorial presented to the Queen . The _resolution of the last Convention _showed thafc tbis was tbe object and end of the Assembly . The public still expected them to attend to this . His constituents would ask him why he had not presented it , and he would be happy toknow what he was to say to them when he met them .
The Chairman knew no better answpr than that those members who were to leave London so soon , had met the Assembly , but could not stay long enoagh to effect their object . Mr Stevenson said , it would be recollected tbat an appeal bad been made frora the Convention to the country that a certain number of delegates , ( about one hundred working men , ) _should be returned to tbe Assembly . The Assembly had met ; and new , if he were asked to say why steps had not bsen taken to present the Memorial , his answer was that the country was not represented in that Assembly ; that there were not 100 drlegates present , ond tbat there wa 3 no National Memorial . The names attached to the Memorial proved what he sa d . It was no National Assembly ; it was bnt the old Convention , witu an addition of two or tbree members from London districts that had not sent to the Convention , aad _etiovx or five from Scotland , So tbat England
'Jhi^ National Assembly. Saturday, Mat 1...
was not represented at all , it had nothing to do with the Assembly . Tbis was not so much a National _Assembly as the Convention was . They might call it a _National Assembly if they _choce _, but the fact was , ho could not consider it in that light so long as _denunciations poured in upon them from the country _. night after night , against individual members and _agaitiht th' ! Assembly as a whole . ( Cries of order , order , and considerable disorder ensued ) Tbe CnAiRHiN begged Mr Stevenson to address himself ti the motion . Mr Stevexsos . —A question haa been asked , and I am replying to ib . The Chairman . —The question was put to me . I have answered it , and you have no right to interfere . Mr Stevenson said he had a right , but he _fo-ind now that tho truth reus * not be spoken there . He , however , did assert that it was no National Assemble . «
Mr Basset was opposed to leaving the Memorial in the bands ofthe Executive ; he was not at liberty to cive it up , and he would not give it up—be would go himself and projent it . His constituents from timo to time were asking him why it was that the Memorial was not presented . Their duty was to present it , and he , as a man , csuld not strip himself of the _responsibility of seeing it presented . Mr Leach said , he would have to face as large a number ot m _« n , bis constituents , as any ono there , hut he hid no difficulty ab' -ut facing tbem . He could » ee a _reas-jn for the manner in wbich tbat Assembly had been conducted . It had been said that the _country had called upon tbem to act like sensible men _cr to break up and go home . Now he ( Mr
L ' -ach ) believed if their constituents from the country could only get to ia them , —could only manage to look in upon them for one half-hour , —' . hey wonld have sent tbe Assembly home . They had epent mi-re time in abusing each other than they had in the business of tbe peopio . But he hoped that gentlemen were nit now , at the conclusion of the Assembly , making speeches to show that they were exceptions to the general mass , —tint they _wero _» brave men in that London Assembly worthy , thenceforth _, to weir tbe laurels of heroism oa their brow _. He ( Mr Lea < h ) was aa much disappointed as any man _present ; but he knew the cause of it , and he was prepared to go to tbe country to use every _effort to bring back the people to a stato of preparation .
_H- hoped that now , without more ado , tbey would come to a vote . It was no use to blink it , they were not there a National Assembly , —they did not represent _England—they did not represent the Chartist body . —they did not represent themselveB . They did not represent themselves , their own opinions and convictions were false . They were bandying _expressions frora one side of the room to another and answering these . He had represented himself pretty well _becau'C he had sat there and said nothing at all ( Laughter . ) He saw their _proceedincs with sorrow . He bad sat disgusted with the Assembly ,
and he hoped that no such _Assembl y should ever be taken as _repreientative of Em-land again . He _shared the blame with all of them . He would tell his _cons ' . ituenta that they bad n _< t done their duty ; tbat they had been very much abused , but tbat he was determined , more tban ever , to give a higher moral and political tone to the Chartist _nrivemeut , ( Hear , hw ) And he hoped that if ever an Assembly should meet ag 3 i ' n it wou'd bf such an Assembly as no _government would dare to insult as they had insulted that _Assembly . He hoped now tbat ho should see the business of tbe Assembly brought to a close .
Mr Mitchell , of course , was disappointed , for they met to « it until they got tbe Charter . Now he must leave the Memorial in the hands of the Executive . Mr Donovan was glad to see they were coming to _aconclusi"n . wbich h 6 offered them three days ago , and repeated the offer yesterday . It was something now that they _wmld accept it . Some , _however , preferred talking largely of things whicb they knew they could not effect , but still they would talk of it .
Mr Child bagged to improve on the idea ofthe big boy in leading strings . They were still to be told what to do and how to do it . They were Bent to present a National Memorial ; but the article itself was _spurious . It wss no National Memorial , and they could not even ? ay what me ins they ware to take t _<> have it presented . He would leave it with the Executive , and let the big boys go home and learn to do better . On the motion of Mr Basset , the votes were recorded on the motion , which was rejected in favour of Mr Cochrane's amendment by a large majority , who determined that the Memorial should be left in the hands of the Executive .
Address . Dr _M'DorALLSaid , the Address , which it was resolved tbe Executive should propose , was now ready , and he would , with leave of the Assembly , read it . The Doctor then read the following Address : —
THE NATIONAL _ASSEMBLY TO THE PEOPLE . FtLLOW Coontbykeh , We are all of opinion that tho tlmo . _bna come when we should arrive at a correct undemanding as to tho construction put upon our relative position and duties , so thnt we may both pull in the same direction , and aot in opposite ways to thegreat detriment of onr _ciuse and thc rejoicing of onr enemies . Wa were , as you all know , elected by a show of hands at great public meetings . It has been admitted tbat we were a fair representation of Chartism . It was your duty to support us . It was onrs te represent yonr will _. It was your right to censure or recall nny or all of us , It ii onrs to _defend ourselves from misrepresentation and against unjustifiable attacks . In doing so we contend for _principles , end leave persons out of view altogether _. Our great principle in , tbat all power _springs from tbe _paople . We contend , therefore , that to the people alone wo consider ourselves responsible .
We could not , and cannot as Chartists , for a single moment acknowledge any other power _. We believe the people are capable of governing themselves , otherwise we should not now demand the Chartor . Ac ins upon that bt lief , and representing their will , a majority ef us had a right to make our decision ln . tr , _otherwise there is no use whatever in tbe existence of a representative power . Wo contend that , an an Assembly , we ought only to bavo been judged by our acts . Wbat havo been our prinoipal acts 1 lr > r . The summoning _together of ono hundred delegates , in compliance witb the deliberate vote of a previous representative body , and in opposition to the will of the minority . Laws made by tbo minority ne
_conceived to be null and void , that is to say , if we admit _ChRrilsmto berigh ' _, where it proclaims that the many shell be the lawmakers , instead of the few . 2 nd . We unanimously adopted a _conciliatory policy with all political bodies agitatisgfor measures short of tbe _P-opte ' _s Charter . 3 rd . Wo _simplified tbe old plan of Organisation , and have placed it before you In a practical form for yonr adoption . The absence of all organisation we conceived to bo one of the most powerful reasons for our immediately _assembling in great numberB . We now equally consider tbat the carrying out of thst plan is the most urgent reason for our Immediately returning to our constituencies to superintend its practical and eff .-ctual application .
4 th . We recommend a Liberty Fund of £ 10 , 000 , finding that wo had no means of acting with energy and _decision without it , oth . We , as an Assembly , discountenanced and repudiated _ar-y _ottaok upon Mr _O'Connor , and refused to entertain anj queation affecting tbat gentleman ' s character , on the just _pround that personalities and principles could not co-exist In the same body . Ou this point thero must be no _mistaJto between us . Taking that sound view oftho queation , we firmly and emphatically resist the domination of small bodleo of tt en assembled In private meetings , who . without
instituting any _inquiry , mi » de an attack upon this Assembly , and through tbem npon the immortal principles of _representation and the sovereignty of the people . Wo advise suoh bodies to remembtr that _juitioe holds every man innocent until , by cloar evidence , he be proved guiity , and we recommend them to study the maxim of _djing unto others & i they would wish others to _dJ un ' . o them _. We cannot , and will not , admit that the acts ofthe minority in any assembly shall betaken as tbo acts of the whole ; if we did , then we should justify tho opposition press in condemning the entire Chartist body becauso of the acts of Individuals belonging to it .
We cannot and ought not to put down men in an _Absembl _, so long as they express tho will and _faelings of their constituents . If we did , then we would diufran _chise by such a course extensive districts and populous towns _. It is the duty of the people to recall thoir _reprosenta . tives If they do wrong , and thereby legitimately silence them—not ours to violate the liberty of _speeob , except where it becomes personal , whieh we hava done . We _trost we have now settled , on principlo , the late quostlon ef difference in our ranks , and tbat union , unanimity , and cordial co-operation will be the universal course _pursued , OKirED WE STAND—DIVlDID WE FALL . Fellow Countbtmen ,
Wo bave deeided , after maturo deliberation , upon returning to our constituents and consulting with them on the propriety of « ummoniog another Assembly , whose bards sball be broader in proportion as tbe Organisation extends , and whose power will bo more extensive , because they will represent greater masses of tbo people , We recommend camp and great public meetings to be held forthwith , where tbe plan of organisation may bo confirmed _. Having done all that our present restricted power
would permit , we leave the Memorial in the hands of the Executive Committee . 1 st . _Becausa Mr O'Connor has agreed to test the House of Commons by a motion for the Charter . 2 nd , Becauso wo have correct information that only n limited number of persons are permitted to present any petition to her Majesty at levees , and we hava refused to have it conveyed to hor through the medium of n « r treasonable Ministers . 3 rd , Because we consider it imprudent to resort to any decisive eourso , which in onr present _diaorgauisea * Btate . we might be compelled to abandon _.
'Jhi^ National Assembly. Saturday, Mat 1...
4 ; b . _Because it haa _pleased _boujo of thu _coustitueut-ie-, without due consideration of the cow _rjui-nccs , to with . draw thiir _representitivcs _, _forsuln tbeir duties , embarrass us in tho performance of ours , and wraken our influence with lhe government , and in the ejes of the public . Under such _oircnmstaocf 8 , we are _rt-luetau'ly compelled to r . fer the question to tho p : oplu them _, selves , to whom we shall mako it our business t . » _> ive a full and _satisfactory account _« of tho true _fueling In the Assembly , and a fair and honest report of Its proceedings . We rejoice , tn conclusion , to be able to annoutico fa moat healthy and improved feelioff ia our fevour io the public mind , and we have no hesitation in expressing our deliberate conviction , that If we are _united , resolute , aad _persevering , it we endeavour to instil a high and patriotic tone of fcelin . ? into tho movement , the Charter may speedily become the law of the Und ,
GOD 8 AVB THE PEOPLE . Williah Dixon , Chairman , National Assembly , Literary Institute , LondoB , May 12 th , 1813 . It was then moved and seconded , ' That tbe Address be adopted . ' Carried unanimously . Mr Lbach moved ' That 3 , 000 copies of it be printed and circulated . ' Mr West seconded the motion , whicb wa 9 carried unanimously . Dissolution . Mr West moved , Thatthe Assembly , on its rising , do dissolve ' Mr Pillin seconded the motion .
Mr Shaw ( Barnsley ) moved , as an amendment , ' That this Assembly do adjourn , at its rising , for six weeks , and that , in the meantime , the delegates be instructed to use their utmost exertions in their several localities to bring the new plan of organisation into active operation , and _likewipe to impress upon them the necessity of contributing a proportionate share towards the Liberty Fund of £ 10 , 000 , and that tbe Executive be empowered to summon all the members of this Assembly to meet on the 26 th Juno next , to report progress , and to tako sueh _stei < s
as may to them seem best to secure that tbe People ' s Charter be made the law of the land . ' It seemed to be the wish ofthe members to return , and aome did not see how their continuing to sit could aid the _cnuse of the Charter . Well , but if , instead of dissolving-, they were to adjourn , and go down witb their aid to the country districts , they might meet again with great benefit lo tbe cause which brought them together . And , in moving sueh a motion as be had moved , he wa 3 but obeying tho injunotion of bis constituents by letter . Mr Basset seconded the amendment .
Mr Ersest Jones rose to support Mr West s motion , and ha did so with peculiar feelings , because they had now heard the funeral oration for that Ah _sembly pronounced by its own members . Several member had joined tbeir eloquence for the same pu pose , there was a division amongst them . When that Assembly met , it was then that the Chartist body saw the elements of popular power gathered together and concentrated ; it was then that that power might bave been wielded for the mightiest objects ; but amid the desertion of friends , and tbo invasion of enemies , the fusee bad been _trampled out , and the elements ef their energy were scattered to the winds of Heaven . Resolutions had beea received from different parts of the country—but
haw got up , and in what sort of meetings , be would not say—abusing , some of the ® , certain members of the Assembly , and others the whole Assembly itself . Under these circumstance ? , then , he decided with himself that if they started again , as start tbey must , they must start afresh , start wish new power , with new energy , with new confidence , they must start fresh fn m the fountain head of democracy . Let them not be tbe old shadows of a departed body . Let them be a new Assembly , and in Baying that he oast no reflection on the Assembly of whicb he was then a member . Yet he coti'd not agree with others in their strictures ; ho held , notwithstanding certain letters to which allusion had been made , that Assembly was a fair and a full representation of the
National mind and of tbe Chartist body . He was bold to affirm , and to maintain , that the Memorial was a National Memorial . It was passed at large public meetings ; it was no hole and corner production , it had not been concocted , it had not emanated from amid the smoke ofsome chimney side ; it bad been _discussed and passed at large public _meetincs of fustian jackets and unshorn chins—the working men , the stalwart strength of England . ( Great aoplause . ) As for that Assembly , they were but sixty in number , they bad waited for the remain ing forty delegates from the _othtr districts ; they had r . ot gone forward with the Memorial , and that was tbe reason . The best thing now wbich they could do , was to _dissolve aud go to tbeir constituents .
Their meeting had not been in vain ; they had gained two triumphs ; first—union , and second—independence ; these were triumphs whieh they had achieved and which were worth _meeting to achieve . After these had been gained , he was now more sure than ever , that ifthe people would back them , the Charter would become the law of the land , ay , and that fn as short a time as the most sanguine of their members were inc ' . ined to expect . Thpy were still one , they were still united . _Notwitbstanding Bome expressions that had fallen from members , they were still united and not weak . He would tell thegovernment tbat they might resist them as they _pleassd by means of physical force , still thero waa a bond of union founded on principlo , whicb would triumph
overall opposition whatsoever , and sweep away every opposing obstacle . With their united _Btrength in view , with the principles whieh made tho Chartists one , he dared to hurl defiance at the government . But he desired it to be understood that it was not by processions they were to achieve their end . Let them enrol their names in the books , now the test and the sign of membership ; let every man be prepared with a _mueket in his hand , and he could tell them that the Charter would very quickly be made the law of the land . ( Cheers . ) He called upon them to make a great demonstration on Monday , to
exert themselves , to briDg every man of London to show himself , not for the purpose 3 of procession ; but ifc was doubly of use to come by thousands to Clerkenwell-green _, and show the government that tbey dared , in defiance ot old laws , to meet , and discuss , and agitate for their rights . He called upon the men of England , Scotland , and of Wales , to make similar demonstrations , to keep the country from end to end in a state of endless agitation , to enrol their names in the Chartist Associatien , to subscribe to the Liberty Fund , and he could assure tbem of success in their efforts to make the Charter tbe law of the land .
The motion and amendment were put to the vote , and the motion was carried by a large majority . Public Press . Mr Donovan moved— ' That aa all the parties in tbe State support tbeir own press , tbe National Assembly recommend the people to use all their influence in extending the circulation ofthe Northern Stab the Edinburgh Express , and any other newspaper , or other portion of the press that will support the principles of the People's Charter . ' He considered
tho adoption of such a motion by the Assembly was incumbent upon it before separating . Tbe _NomnuRN Stab had , as they all knew , dono good semce in the cause , and whatever difference ol opinion might exist among them as to the view which its proprietor had taken as to the expediency of holding that Assembly , it oufdhtnot to make them forget his long and untiring exertions ; and when the lengthened report whichappearad in that week ' s paper was looked at , be had done them full justice , and suffered them _tospeakfor thfimsfilves .
Mr West seconded the motion . Itwas , bethought , a matter for congratulation that they possessed a real democratic _prets in the three capitals of England , Scotland , and Ireland . The Northern Star in London , the Express in Edinburgh , and tho United Irishman in Dublin ; and if the people understood their own interest , they would give the most strenuous support to those journals which faithfully advocated their _ruhts . Mr Vernon thought that the motion was one whioh in the preaent state of Chartism could lead to no positive result . He had always been the enemy of expediency , and he was bo upon that occasion , because he felt that it was of no use attempting to patch up a union between opposing and _irreconcilable elements . There was no use in blinking the fact , that a division existed among the Chartists as to the best
moans ot obtaining their objects . One party thought it should be done by publio meetings , lectures , and so forth , while the other consid . red that they should have recourse to bolder measures ; and he was sure that if the Assembly were , in the presentdividedstate of the people , to recommend anyone paper , tbat there recommendation would be disregarded . He did not understand Mr E . Jones wben he talked about there being division but not disunion . He said tbat they were disunited . Tbe 10 th ef Aprii was not a victory , as h _* d boen asserted , but a signal defeat ; and it was useless to attempt to heal the sore whicb had broken out in oonsequence of the proceedings of lhat day until they had removed tho proud flesh by whicb it was surrounded . There were many of tbem who did not believe that the Charter was to be got by petitioning and agitation . They knew that they would not get it without working hard for it ; in fact , that they must fight for it .
The Chairman called the speaker to order . That was not propor language , and its _ubo compromised tbe liberty ot evtry man in that Assembly . Mr Vernon was determined to expreas hiB own opinions . The Chairman . —Ye 3 , you bave a right to express your own opinions , but not to compromise others , who do not agree with those opinions . Mr Vernon weuld not persist ; but in _conolHsion he would propose , as au amendment , that the following _addreea be adopted by tbo Assembly , and sent round as a circular to all tbo Chartists :-
—TIIE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN , SCOTLAND , AND IRELAND . BUOTBEB CHABTISTB , It would be folly to endeavour to blink the / act tbat the events of the K th of April last , have led to a diver _, sity of opinion amongst un . One party proclaiming that
'Jhi^ National Assembly. Saturday, Mat 1...
a great victory ivas obtain ? d which has str _li-thaid th » _caus-.- ; the other that a signal defeat _wos suffered ivhich Inns , « ith succeeding events , greatly retarded the progross of Chartism . Unity Is strength ; but union can only exist with a one . _ncps of th _« ui . 'ht , feel ng , and sentiment . It the ont- party rely upon wbat i' generally understood us mornl means—viz ., tho _progression of ideas , petition _, in ? , _memorialising , public meetings , acceptinir _in « tal _« _ments , till the whole can be obtained ; while the other party _ the ' physical force Chartists '—think immedi ite and more determined measures must be adopted to afford a chunce of oht . iining the people ' s rights—it is evident ¦ in effective union cannot be formed of these opposing _ploments .
To r solve this que « tion , the voice of the people is _appeabtl to hy the National _Asfembly . The secretaries and officers of all the Chartist bodies in the lrinpdom nre required immediately to take the _senee of their _looaliti & s ns to the side tbey mean to take , and to forward to the Executive Commissi n in _Tondon thc number . » s near as can be ascertained , of tho two parties in their districts . Tho solving of this quettion will enable both parties to tike such measures ns will place the movement ou a firm basl ? , and give to it a decided character , that this Ass » mhly tru 6 ts will end all useless discussion and futile agitation , and by this means tend to the advancement of the cause which all Chartists lave nt heart—tht obtaining forthe entire population of these realms their political rights , and the amelioration of tbeir social condition . Sisned by the _Chiirman of lhe National Assembly , OP by the delegates favourable to this address . Mr Mackintosh seconded the _motion .
. Mr Ktdd did not see to what particular part oftho motion the address referred to . It was on a different subject altogether , and he conld vote for tbe motion and vote for the _amendment also . Mr Adams objected to the motien of Mr Donovan , beeause it culled on him to give his support to a _newapapor of wbich he disapproved . He could not support it , neither would he consent to be made a ton ] of to recommend _others to _support a newspaper which had d _.-nnunoed him as a wolf , for taking the part he had taken in that Assembly . If they car « ried tbat motion in suppnriine that paper , _thny would agrea with if in nailing him a wolf . ( Hear ,
and laughter ) The proprietor of that paper waa the « ditor also , for h- bad suspended the former editors ( No , no ) Yes , he had publicly stated tbat he had assumed the whole editorship of the paper , and . tberefme . should be looked upon by that Assembly as alone responsible for what had appeared in il with reference to tbat Assembly , and for the censure which it bad cast upon honest men , for taking an honest course . He , for one , would not be > dragged _throush tbe mire , and would give his decided opposition to the motion . Mr _Adaim con * eluded by moving an amendment , leaving out all names , and recommending all papers which advocated tbe People ' s _Cl-arfer .
Mr Donovan said , that th 9 circular proposed by Mr Vernon was no amendment upon his motion , and VIr _V-rnon withdrew it . Mr _Haugreaveb _supoorted Mr Adams ' s amendment , because it would secure all the objects Mr Donovan had in view , and it was better for them to part in unanimity tban expend their last hours in _Fquabbling . No one there could deny tbat the Star had done much good , and had placed the cause of _Charfci-mi in ita present proud position ; and he did n _^ t _bt-lieve that it was now _prepared to desert them . Mr O'Connor was s _^ _ill a Cbartist , however much he mieht have differed rom some of tbem , and in hia letters bad expressed different opinions to these ent _rUined by some 0 ' the delegate ? ,
Mr M'Lean complained that the _NoRTnnt > N Stab bad not fairly _represented the proceedings of that Assembly , and as a consequence he had received a letter from Alva complaining © f the exaggerated statements made in that Assembly . The part of the letter to which be referred was the following : — That we the inhabitants of Alva , in pnbiic meeting assembled , do repudiate and condemn all mere assertion snd _exaggeration made by any of tbe members of tho Chartist Assembly in reference to the district they may have the honour to represent , whether on the moral or physical strength of the question , and we would call your attention to a statement in the _No-vmsM ! Stab of Saturday , tbe 6 th inst ., relative to tbe physical strength of Alvn , made hy _yourself in the Assembly . That thero are agond many rifles in Alva _. and also _maa who can use them well and would also use them in any extreme case for the defence of life and property , is true , but that there are in Alva 800 riflemen is an intolerable assertion , and , at least , three-fourths exaggeration .
That there have been in this plaee for a long time part , a large portion of the people involuntary idlers , and have heen many of them on the brink of actual 6 _tai vation and have yet but very little prospect of _betterness . That there are a large proportion of the peopio in this place who would be happy to see the people of England enfranchised , is also true ; but that which we , the Chartists of Alva , want , is the Charter nnd a fair statement of the mind of the people in other districts towards it , and that the wisdom of the Assembly may be brought together to show to the country the nature and right of Chartism to every man , and the best method to make the document law , and that this may be done soon and sud _. den is the earnestprayer ofyour anxious supporters . The Chartists of Alva .
He denied that be had made any Buch statements a 8 those referred to , or any exaggerated statements whatever ; aDd whatever others might do , he would neither bow down to a wooden god again , nor permit other people , aa far as he conld prevent them , to do so . Mr Pilling said , that alt _honsh Mr O'Connor mayhave differed from seme of them in opinion , he had aright to his opinions as they had to theirs , and he maintained that the Star had done moro for democracy than any other paper in England . It had pubblishfd addresses and resolotions ofthe _people , which , had been Bent to other papers and refused , but wbich g «* t admission in the Star as goon as they were sent . He thought that tho Star and tbe _Express were papers which ought to be supported by all Chartists . In 1842 he had been denounced by the Star , but waa he therefore to oppose a paper , because it bad exeroised the right of criticising hia conduct , or become the personal opponent of its proprietor ?
Dr M'Douall thought that it was not desirable that the Star or any other paper which advocated the rights of the people 8 hould be hawked about . Id showed want of judgment on their parts to take up such a subject , for , after all , the people would _exercise tbeir own judgments as to wbat paper they would support , and they might as well tell thera what to eat and drink as tell them what paper to buy . He was certain it would do no good to tho Star , and be hoped that both motions would be withdrawn , and that they wonld hear no more of any newspaper whatever . ( Cheers . ) # Adams said , he was quite willing to withdraw his amendment , if Mr Donovan would withdraw tba motion . Mr Wheblbr said , that unless both motion and amendment wero withdrawn , he should move the previous question .
Mr Donovan said , that unless they agreed to some such resolution , they would show very little gratitude to the paper whicb had made them wbat ther were . Mr Ktdd said , it was not true , as had been aaserted by some speakers , that the Star had condemned all the aots ofthe Assembly . It bad in tbe leading article approved of several acts of the Assembly . He contended that the writers in newspapers had a full right to criticise freely the aots of public bodies , and those who took offence at it , or who would not allow it , were no friends to the independence of the press . Ultimately , for the sake of unanimity , both tbe motion and amendment were withdrawn , and the matter _dropped . Organisation ofthe Chartists .
Mr Vebnos then moved as a _subatantire motion , the adoption of the circular which we havo given above , as a means of producing a clear and _distinofc understatding among the parties in the various localities . Tbey must understand clearly that there were two difforflnt bodies of Chartists , and that they were travelling in somewhat different directions . Mr Ernest _Joues rose to oppose the highly impolitic and useless letter of Mr Vernon . Its adoption would widen whatever breach notv existed ia the Cbavtut body , and render it perpetual . Hc waa not afraid of ' Gagging Acts , ' but be was not going to be sucb a fool as to press his breast against the muzzle of a gun whilst he was unarmed . A very handy thing ifc would be for tha government and for _government spies to havo the name of every man who in favour of
was physical force placed over the door in black and white . ( Hear , hear . ) He opposed the motion , because it would be useless even for tho purpose which the mover proposed to gain by it . It would not give the real number of physical foroe men , because _masy of them would not give their names at all . There were many men who were prepared to gain their rights by moral means , who under a change of circumstances , might be compelled to become physical force men . Forinstance , if they had domiciliary visits , tbe putting down of the press , and _mch and other _aggression on personal and public liberty , every man would become a physical force man . It was useless to make any distinction between physical force men and moral force men , and he warned them against putting such a
daneerous instrument into the hands of government . He waited them against all secret organisation . Mr Vernon . ~ -I said nothing of secret _organisa _* tion . Mr Ernest _Jonbs denounced dividing the peop le into physical force and moral force men , and the placing tbo names in books . Mr Vernon did not ask for the narr es to be enrolled in books . Tho Chairman said , that the names of dob-gates were to be recorded by Mr Vernon _' _e own progosi tion . Mr Horn * and Mr West deprecated the discussion as altogether irregular and impolitic .
Mr Mackintosh , who _apoke amidst loud cries of 1 vote , vote , ' supported the words from Mr Wheeler , waB Dr M'Douall then moved a respected chairman , for the and ability with which be proceedings , and in doing bo _onnn the private worth asd Dixon . Mr Shaw ( _Bamslpy ) _teconded was carried amidst loud Mr Kibd said there was
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motion . wbJe _^ _Rlri'fcfa'y witl _^ r | w _^^ _2 r- * _5 _/ r \ vo _^ _ff _^ f _^^ s _^^ hA im _* _Mfi _% _^ _Agbau _]|^ bad _feli _^ _m _^^ _jMft _^ pa _^^ kl _^ _ti _^ _trMrtmn p _^ _iO 0 _^ j \ Sf M « 2 j _/ j _K > T *| j v * _-. _» r rp _pelfeg _^ _hM applaD _^ / _f _^ _^ _T _^ _'V-T _^ , _MottyrM § _MWw otion . wbje _! 0 fiS _^« ftw _witfiawafe'V _? ' * ' ' * " _tir \ wir _^ rjrwB _^ _-j _^ c /\ _» _pw # , _ywp | _irgSiP "sis d p _^ _ra % . _^ fSg _^^ , > ts- t . ' _-WI ? _..- _? - _" * _-- ' _"? vl" !; ' _xau-1 dedpe _& flh _^ h \ _$ f _$ 5
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1848, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_20051848/page/7/
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