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September ^1 ,1850; THE NqRI^IEItNT-STAR...
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Coran Courts and the Bar. — The Clicstcr...
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DEATH OF LIEUTENANT GALE. THE AERONAUT ....
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Hatnau s Retreat ones Bishop tbe Mcbdebe...
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ROBERT OWEN'S NEW SYSTEM OF SOCIETY. Lon...
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PICTURE OF A PETTY CONTINENTAL DESPOT. [...
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SinrwRECKS and Loss of LiFB.—Intelligenc...
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TIIE OUTRAGE ON MARSHAt HATSAU. On Monda...
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A Patent Steam Breao-making Machine.—A p...
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THE M _ NS_E fffEXH!2ITI0& OF iaift ; yy...
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CERTIFICATE OF COURAGE! TO TIIK XniTOB O...
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The Bahnsley Factory "Workers and tuk Ne...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Addrbbs-"From Tffe Btsod Of ; T_0ri.E8 I...
' _ttWB _& xo BsiATra . _^ The great estates are ra--M . « ecnmulatuig in the Encumbered CourU . SSL ofXord Tiseouht Gort , in the county of Gal-Vwill be _aold towiaxdi the close of the present _** _£ ' fl _, e absolute order having been made by the _^_ UBioneH in March last . They comprise fee ¦ _"S _atates _, with the town of Gort , and the Sand demesne of Loughoooter , npon _thebuUd-^ andio proTementof which , it _ stated , upwards _W 000 has been expended . Within a month _ILmtie _?« sent date the _sdei wffl re-commence in _Z _ammuuHon Conrt ; and , from the vast amount If landed property to be disposed of , much anxiety L » _£ dl 3 as to the rates of purchase which may be iSble , " _Onless English and Scotch capitalists " _Tjannear as bidders to a much greater extent
_^ _Exraw _BTO _* _" Actios . —The case of _M'Etoy v . .. _ijjas Insurance Company was brought to a close _«„ Monday evening , io tiie Kai _Prius Court , _he-& r etheLord Chief Baron , whosechargeoccupied six * _£ « Altogether the case occupied thirty-one days _ _-seven days in Manchester , where a commission sat for tbe examin ation of witnesses , and twentyfour in Dublin . One of the jurors died , and , by ¦ consent , it was tried by eleven jurors . One of the counsel was seriously attacked by illness , and the Chief Baron was so ill that the case bad to be adjourned . There was a -verdict for the plaintiff for £ 743 over and above the ram lodged in court , and _gd coats . Exceptions were taken to the Judge ' s
charge-Repeal A 8 SpciiTos .--The usual weekly meeting ofthe association was held on Monday , at Conciliation HaU , Mr . M . Murph y , T . C , in the chair . There was a small attendance . The rent for tne Week was £ S 16 s . lOd . Fcnkbal OF the Late Jusiice Dohertt . —The remains of this lamented Judge were consigned to their last resting-place , in St . Keven ' s Church , on Tuesday . The funeral took place at the earl y hour of half-past seven , and was strictly private . _Ehigkatioh . —The "drain" from the southern counties continues without intermission , and though ship after ship leaves the ports freighted with full cargoes of human beings , there is no
symptom of any cessation of the traffic , which is just sow as brisk as it was in the spring of the year , the ordinary timo selected by emigrants for a passage across the Atlantic . From Waterford the report says;— " During the past sis months we have not seen our quays crowded as they were yesterday with persons preparing to leave then : native land for the states of America . Tbe greater portion were -well dressed , comfortable-looking fanners and their families , many of whom were accompanied by their friends ; their parting was truly affecting and painful to witness . We did not ascertain the exact number of emigrants , but there appeared to be abont 400 or 500 on hoard the steamers . " The draughts from the port of Cork are on a
scale of still greater magnitude : — " Tbe emigration through this port continues immense . The _JJimrod steamer on Saturday had several hundreds onboard , and multitudes were rejected for want of room . This is the more remarkable , as the following vessels sailed direct from Cora for America , either in the past or preceding week : —The John Francis , for Qaebec , with 120 passengers ; the Tuscany , for "New York , with 100 passengers ; tbe Essex , also with passengers . The Bepublic , Captain Marshall , sailed on Saturday morning with 370 emigrants , aU of the Tery best class , and the following cabin passengers : —Miss O'EeeSe _, Detroit , United States ; Mr . James Murphy , Eanturk ; Dr . Batwell , Gharleville ; Miss Benson , Liverpool ; Mr . and Miss
Senagh , _Castlemartyr . Another vessel , the Garland _, is preparing to fake in passengers . " OBOA 5 isA * noJf op thb _Tesakt League . — The Cork Examiner says : — " Weare happy to be enabled to announce , though not officially , the fact that the Council of the league will very shortly be in a position to publish its rules and plan ef agitation , which have been held back , not from any wilful delay or apathy on the part of the Couneil , but from the most scrupulous desire to avoid any or the least danger of illegality . The rules or plan have been submitted to the ablest counsel of the Irish bar , and revised with the utmost care ; and the Couneil may now proceed to act in the full confidence that thev have done everything in their power to protect
the _Lsague from tbepower of tbe law . We can understand that local organisation will be one of the p rincipal features of the plan of agitation ; and thus wbile affiliation will be avoided , as being contrary to Irish law , the local bodies must necessarily lie guided more or less by tbe central body , to whose counsel tbey will _natnraliy lend a respectful ear . County meetings are being convened forthe various provinces , and we hope to see one held in some important locality of this county in the course of the ensuing month . " The Harvest . — Though somewhat cold and gloomy , the weather still holds up , without any immediate sign of breaking . The few accounts which came to hand on Tuesday morning are favourable , and represent harvest operations as rapidly drawing
to a close . Tbe potato panic has all bnt died ont , and the supplies furnished to the _countryjinarkets continue both abundant and free from any taint of disease . A paper published in the west ( the Boyle Gazette ) observes : — " Many conflicting paragraphs have been written this season respecting the above _esculent i aud i indeed , we fonnd it almost , if not altogether , impossible to form a correct opinion on the subject . "We had , however , from time to time , during the last two months , made every possible inquiry respecting its state , and it now affords ns sincere pleasure to be able to say tbat onr hopes on this subject are folly realized . That the disease which has brought rain npon our country appeared amongst the poor man s friend is certain , and that many persons have suffered severely by a partial loss cannot be denied ; yet it is consolatory to find
that at tbis time ( as is admitted by all for miles around us ) the disease has ceased , and that now a kind Providence has granted a plentiful supply . The potato crop is at best a fickle one , and tbe result of this year will , we hope , induce those disposed to plant to do so at an early period in the approaching Bpring . The oat crop in this quarter ia generally secured , and has proved highly satisfactory . " Legal Appointments . —Mr . Monaban has been appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas , In the room of the late Chief Justice Doherty , and Mr . Hatchell bas advanced to the Attorney-Generalship . Mr . Monahan has accepted the Chief Justiceship at the reduced salary of £ 4 , 000 per annum , besides the allowance for circuits , in accordance with the recommendation of the Official Salaries Committee .
_AHEJCPI IO BUKX A CffCRCH IS THE _CoOKTX OS Wexfoed . —The Dublin Evening Post has the following from a correspondent in Gorey : — " On Sunday night the church in Lord Courtown ' s demesne was entered by some evil disposed person or persons , and set on fire in several places . Happily these fires did not take effect , as the church , though greatly disfigured , was not seriously injured . It is tbe subject of wonder to all the neighbourhood why such a _malicions act should have been committed , for his lordshi p is nniversaUy respected and beloved , and devotes his whole life to the good of the people . It must be considered that no disrespect conld have been intended towards him bv this outrageous act . " RsDTcnos of Bests . —The Earl of Heath has given a reduction of twenty per cent , to his tenantry , to be applied to the improvement of thenfarms .
Cabetixg awat Crops . —The Cork Constitution contains the following : — " On Saturday night , at twelve o ' clock , about forty men , with horses and carts , assembled at Monebawn , on the estate of G . S . Barry , Esq ., between _WatergrasaMl and Middleton , for Ihe purpose of removingthe crops , "belonging to a tenant named Michael Mantle , which had been seized and in . charge of keepers for non-payment of rent . When the party arrived , they bound the keepers and locked them np in Mantle ' s dwellinghouse , and commenced removing the crops . However Head-constable Judge , Acting-constable Catchpole , and four sub-constables from the Watergrasshill station , soon arrived and succeeded in
arresting ei ght of the party , and seized seven horses laden with corn . The perpetrators were on Monday taken before Mr . J . G . Nason , Esq ., and committed for trial . " Fiek at Me . BcsBr ' s Distillery , Black Pitts . —Abont half-past seven on Tuesday evening a fire broke out in the distillery of Messrs . Bushy , Black Pitts . The fire was got under without much damage being done . Two poor men who were employed about the premises have been severely injured ; one by the falling of a large tile on his head , and the otber from the fall of a coping stone from the parapet , which struck him on the head . Both were conveyed to the hospital with little hopes of recovery .
The Qdees _' s Colleges . —a memorial to Home , deprecavmg any strong measures against the coh leges , has already been si gned by thirteen of the prelates . Whether that court will confirm any acts opposed by a minority so large and influential , may be judged of by those who understand its characteristic prudence and wisdom .
September ^1 ,1850; The Nqri^Ieitnt-Star...
September _^ 1 , 1850 ; THE _NqRI _^ _IEItNT-STARPt _T _, '
Coran Courts And The Bar. — The Clicstcr...
Coran Courts and the Bar . — The _Clicstcr CouraM announces that the county conrts in that neighbourhood wai be regularly attended by the bar in full costume , as our contemporary expresses it , " candidates for business . " It is addei that the barwiU not " claim exclusive audience- and the cost of the barrister ' s fee will only be allowed On taxation when tbe barrister is instructed bv -in attorney . As both branches of the profession WiU be entitled to fees , we hare no doubt they will wn _» L comfortably together . ' or 11 EhIGBATIOS OF _OflPHASS ASD _DH 3 EBIED _Cimr . ¦ _£ - ]_ a recent act of _vOaa _^ oS _Swr _. _hans are authorised to make _provisioh OUt Of _^ Pjor _rates forihe _emigration oldese ted cbild-3 _? _TK _. _f _^?* » *• Parishes of tbe _coSinfrt g ? tlon u to take place without the
Death Of Lieutenant Gale. The Aeronaut ....
DEATH OF LIEUTENANT GALE . THE AERONAUT . , * * In om Jhird edition of Saturday last , we announced the death of Lieutenant Gale ; the following particulars may he interesting to onr readers : - " When the grapnel broke Mr . Gale , who was standing up , was thrown into the bottom ofthe car by the shock . This fall , added to the escape of gas cause by the prodigious _asceriBibnalforce , must have stunned and suffocated the unfortunate man ; for ht was not seen to rise afterwards , arid he was no more visible to the people assembled . The balloon , in this second ascension , went about two milesj but what took place during tbis period ho one can tell . A peasant of Cestas pretends that , as the balloon was passing over a fir grove , he distinguished the
aeronaut lying down in the car , bis head hanging over the side , with the tongue protruding from the month , as if he had been suffocated . If snch be the fact , a slight shock wonld be sufficient to bave thrown him out of the car ; and this account appears the more probable , as a hole was made in the bottom of the car , through which Mr . Gale ascended when leaving the horse . We must , for the _sakeof the truth , mention that , at the moment of his first ascent , Mr . Gale was not perfectly sober ; he bad taken more than bis usual quantity of spirituous liquor , and his state of excitement was such that Mr . Clifford was alarmed , and proposed to ascend in his stead . This _proposition was , however , rejected , and Mr . Clifford expressed his
apprehension to several persons present . At eight o ' clock the son-in-law of M . Lestange found in a field the plume of white feathers with which the head of the horse had been ornamented , and which Mr . Gale had taken off the animal and stuck in his own cap . On receiving tbis information , some persons—Mr . Clifford amongst the nnmber—went to the place where it was expected Mr . Gale would came down , in the commune of Cestas , and after a long search the balloon was found in a field beyond the Croix-d'Hinx , still half full of gaB . It was not torn , and everything was in its place , but no trace of tbe aeronaut could be found during the evening . After some investigations , and as the night was far advanced , Mr . Clifford proposed to empty the
balloon , and to carry it back to Bordeaux , thinking that Mr . Gale , not seeing any one near at the time of his descent , left the balloon to go in search of assistance in some of the houses near , and where he would stop for the night . Inquiries were , however , made at some of the houses , but no one had seen him . On the following day ( Monday ) the searches for him were resumed , but without avail . On Tuesday , the Procureur ofthe Bepublic received a letter from M . Falanqoe , stating that the body of the unfortunate man had been found on his estate at Cestas . It appeared tbat at break of day an inhabitant of the commune , in taking his cows to their pasture , saw one of the animals proceed to a clump of fern 3 , and begin smelling at something lying there . He went to the spot , when he waB horrified at seeing the body of a man , the face completely eaten away by dogs and wild animals , and
the limbs in a broken and mutilated condition . The place where the body was fonnd was upwards of a mile from where tbe balloon had been discovered . Information was immediately given to the proper authorities , and they proceeded to the spot and drew up aproces-verbdl of the affair , and the body was carefully removed . At eight o ' clock in the evening it was taken to _Vincennes , preparatory to its being interred . " The melancholy news reached Yauxhall Gardens through tho medium of Mr . Wieland , watchmaker ofthe Walworth-road , and Mr . Graham , the aeronaut ; and Mr . Bobert _Wardell , the lessee , with his usual kind feeling , immediately offered the " Eoyal Property" for a free benefit for Mrs . Gale . Mr . WardeH ' s generous intentions were communicated to Mrs . Gale by Mr . T . R . Lewis and Mr . James Ellis , late lessee of Cremorne Gardens , at which a benefit is also advertised . Lieutenant Gale was in his fifty-ninth year .
The life of the unfortunate deceased was not without many peculiar incidents , two or three of wbich will be read with painful interest at this moment . Gale was a native of London , and early in life exhibited much aptitude for a dramatic profession , in which he made a respectable progress , performing such parts at tbe "Victoria ( tben the Coburg ) , Astley's and the Surrey theatres , as -were termed the juvenile characters , with occasionally the tyrant in the Eastern spectacles . He was remarkable for his skill in "making up , " what is technically termed . With the late Andrew Ducrow , of Astley ' s , he was a special favourite . He visited America shortly after the equestrian piece of Mazeppa came out at the Amphitheatre in 1831 , and
performed the hero , Mazeppa , for two hundred nights at the Bowery Theatre , New York , by which he realised a handsome sum in salary and benefits . While there be became intimate with a party of Indians , witb whose babits and manners be so completely identified himself that , when arrayed in tbeir costume , he was frequently taken for a native . He returned to England with a party of six and their chief , Ma Canst , who acquired much celebrity for some months at the Victoria Theatre , then managed under Mr . _Glossop _, by shootiag an apple from the hand and head of a boy with his rifle on the stage . The rest of the party exhibited their
Indian feats , war-whoop , dancing , & c . A circumstance which placed the chief , Ma Caust , at the Old Bailey , for a criminal offence , took place , and Gale greatly interested himself in obtaining evidence to assist his Indian friend on the trial . The late Sir Augustus d'Este , son of the Duke of Sussex , who beeameacquainted withthe Indian , took a lively interest also in the trial . The result waB an acquittal , and shortly after thatthe late aeronaut was appointed to a situation of inspector in the coast blockade service in the northern part of Ireland , wbich department he held for nearly seven years . He returned in order to obtain a removal to a more
congenial locality in England , but failing in doing so he declined returning to Ireland , and again embraced the stage at the City of London Theatre , with Mr . Honner . The altered state in which he found the drama , after so long an absence from it , induced him to turn his thoughts to aerostation , and having had a balloon manufactured at the Old Montpelier Grounds , Walworth , be made his first ascent at the Rosemary Branch Tavern , early in the year 1848 , accompanied by a Mr . Byrne . A few days after he ascended with a gentleman from Chertsey , of great scientific taste , a Mr . Aylmer . On tbis occasion , it may be remembered , an accident took place , which caused great alarm for a short time in the minds of the spectators , and
brought the aeronauts immediately down again . From tbat period to his unfortunate decease his career is well known . During his last French career he was accompanied by Mr . James Ellis , late of Cremorne Gardens , who made all his arrangements till within a short time , when he had to return to England on his own business . He has left eight children , four or five of which are yet too young to provide for themselves . He was most sanguine in all his undertakings , and rarely thought ofthe consequences in any speculation in which personal _danger waa to be apprehended . Ikibhment of Lieut . Galb . —The remains of the unfortunate Gale were interred on Wednesday in the Protestant cemetery at Bordeaux . A large crowd attended the funeral , among whom were many English . An official investigation made by the Mayor of Candera confirms the details of the
fatal accident previously given . It is stated that oa Friday and Saturday Mr . Gale was exceedingly low-spirited , and was discovered weeping . When asked what was the matter with bim , he replied that he could not tell , but felt sick at heart . On Sunday , the day of the ascent , he was more cheerful . His last ascent was the 14 th he had made . Mr . Clifford , directed of the Hippodrome at Tincennes , has organized a balloon ascension for the benefit of deceased's family . Mr . Clifford , his wife , and the Messrs . _Goulson , proprietors of the balloon , are to go up together . M . Mellor , one ofthe principal inhabitants of Bordeaux , has commenced a public subscription for the family . Tbe conduct of Mr . Clifford , who is , it appears , an Englishman , has , according to the Bordeaux journals , been remarkable for kind feeling towards Mr . Gale before his fatal accident , and for benevolence towards the family since his death . —Galignani .
Hatnau S Retreat Ones Bishop Tbe Mcbdebe...
Hatnau s Retreat ones Bishop tbe _Mcbdebes ' s Dog-dek . —Sir , —It is a singular fact that the apartment at the George , Bankside , in which Haynan took refuge , should at one time have been nsed as a den for the exhibition of Bishop the Burker ' s dog . The beast was of a most ferocious nature—so much so , that it was deemed necessary to keep him constantly muzzled . It was reported that the animal had been trained to keep watch over the dead bodies ofthe burker ' s victims at Bishop ' s abode , "Nova Scotia Gardens . The tenant of the George at that period , abont fifteen years _agft . procured the instruments used the
brute and some of the by miscreants in destroying the poor Italian boy and others for the object of exhibiting them , and thereby attracting custom to ins house . The landlord ' s name was _Geesling . lie had previously kept the Bird Cage , near Nova Scotia Gardens , and Bishop was known to him as a customer .-I am , die , Fhakcis Fagan , 20 , Houg hton-street , Clement _s Inn . Thebb AKEl , 093 chiIdren in the Industrial School at Kirkdale . There has been a diminution in the cost of keep . The cost per head last week was Is . 8 } d . against ls . lid . during the corresponding week of last year .
As Established fact tbat _HoiiowAi ' s Pius ABB A cebtak core _vea Dbopsy . — Mrs . Jane Thomas , housekeeper to a nobleman , residing in tbe West End , had been predisposed for years to this insidious disease , andalthough she had received the best advice from the most eminent of the faculty , yet all their efforts proved fruitless in checking iu baneful effects on her constitution , which appeared rapidly declining ; in this hopeless state , she commenced taking Holkmay _' s Pills , and to tbe utter astonishment of herself and all her family , this wonderful medicine has effected a perfect cure . Females at the meridian of life , or girls entering into womanhood , should always have recourse to these invaluable fills ,
Robert Owen's New System Of Society. Lon...
ROBERT OWEN ' S NEW SYSTEM OF SOCIETY . London , September , 1850 . The following letter from Mr . Owen to his eldest son , Robert Dale Owen is published preliminary to new measures about to betaken by Mr . Owen , to hasten the change from the present system , false in princi ple and most injurious in practice , to the rational system , true in princi ple , and which will be most beneficial in practice ;— '
Mi dbab Robert , —Since leaving you in America my time has been especially , enraged in the study ofthe practical measures ofthe most ad vanced parties in Europe and the United States , and in carefully watching the progress of public opinion over the world . This study has confirmed me in the conviction that no party has yet arisen , in any country , which comprehends the cause and results of the extraordinary change wbich is in rapid progress in the advanced mind of all nations . Universal error is felt , but the cause of it is hidden .
Early and continued study , with long and extensive experience among all classes , in various countries , and a familiarity with the general practical operations of civilised society , have made the causes of the past and present evils of the world known to me ; and from the knowledge of these _causesfuture events may be distinctly foreseen and foretold . It is my desire that you should benefit by my experience and knowledge , more especially because many here and in the United States will leok to you to assist them to establish the rational system in Europe and America when I shall be no more . The system of falsehood in principle and evil in practice , as it bas hitherto existed over the world , is now effectually undermined , and is ready to be peaceably superseded by the rational system based
on facts not to be controverted . The public mind in this country , and in the United States , is just now , for the first time , opened to examine truths , which hitherto the educated prejudices of class , sect , party , and country , have tabooed . But now , truths unmixed with error , may , when announced with judgment , and in the spirit of charity and kindness , be openly taught . And when truths shall be so taught , what power is there uponearth that can prevail against them ? This great revolution in mind now in progress , is from the universal impression that man forms himself with all its lamentable evil consequences ; to the knowledge , derived from facts , that he is formed to be what he is by nature , and society , with its endless beneficial consequences through all the departments of life .
The revolution in practice will be from the injurious , inferior , and inconsistent external arrangements which have necessarily emanated from this false fundamental principle , to another entirely new combination of external arrangements , emanating from , and always consistent with , the knowledge that nature and society form the character of men ; and that society will not act wisely until it shall surround all , from birth , with superior external arrangements , to the exclusion of those whose influences on humanity are injurious or inferior . This change of prejudices for truths , impracticable as it now appears tothe uninitiated in extensive practical operations , will , upon full examination , be discovered to be , by far . the most economical and
easy general change that can be made . "When understood , it will be universally adopted , because it will permanently ensure the well-being , prosperity , and happiness of all . And it will be adopted as soon as those few who do understand it can enable tbe many to comprehend it , by seeing it in practice , in one full-formed township . The deeprooted prejudices and habits forced upon all from birth , have hitherto made it impracticable to place these subjects in an open straightforward manner before the public , either in Great Britain or the United States . And even now , in both countries , there are bnt few persons so situated as to be sufficiently independent to openly advocate them . Yet are these nnohannnsr truths the most valuable that
can be taught to the human race . _Mature and circumstances have made me strongly to desire , to see this great revolution in the mind and practice of the human race effected , or in the straightforward road towards its accomplishment . I am , therefore , called upon to discover the means by which these all-important truths can be impressed upon the world , and introduced into practice . The chief and first difficulty to be overcome is to enable the public to understand and agree to apply the fundamental principle of the formation of _character consistently to practice in tbe reconstruction of society . My present efforts are to overcome this difficulty . You have seen and will Bee by my publications , which I have sent and shall continue to send you , the steps taken to prepare the public for the change from the one system to the other . My
late publications , "The Eevolution in Mind and Practice , " its supplements , "Letters to the Human Race , " "Catechism of the Rational System of Society , " Ac ., bave all had this object in view . And now it seems to me that sufficient has been done to prepare the public to receive the full truth upon these subjects , without mystery , mixture of error , or fear of man . And it is now truth so expressed that can alone arouse the public mind from its irrational state of deep-rooted prejudice and practices of gross folly . It is , therefore , my intention to commence a cheap weekly publication , in whieh to advocate these great truths on which the future happiness of our race depends . These particulars are stated , preparatory to the advice I desire to give you on these public matters .
Your education , previous experience and natural talents , bave prepared you to pursue public measures for the advocacy ofthe cause of the oppressed , without reference to class , country , or colour , and for the destruction of superstition , which , until it shall be destroyed , will prevent ir . an knowing what it is to be rational in mind or conduct . In Europe and America there are various parties earnestly and most conscientiously advocating partial reforms ; but in the advanced * state of the physical sciences and of public expectation , these petty reforms are of little value . It is evident that the leaders _ofthese parties have but a limited view of the subject , and bave not yet descended to the root of the evil . They do not understand this
fundamental error ; they do not yet perceive the foundation on which society can be alone based to become rational ; their efforts are therefore misdirected , and often obstruct their own wishes . They do not appear to possess minds trained to acquire power sufficient to grasp the whole of society ; and seeing it only in detached sections , do not comprehend it as a whole . In consequence , their plans are inefficient , andean effect but little in practice . Any partial measures which are based on the old error of the world , cannot permantly succeed , and all sucb attempts are now worse than useless , because they distract public attention , and withdraw it from tbe examination of those princi ples and practices wbich can alone benefit mankind .
The only beneficial practical course which civilised nations can now take , is to decide openly upon an entire change of principle and practice ; and , having discovered the true base on wbich to construct society , to have moral courage to abandon the pre * sent miserable practical arrangements , and re-construct society from its foundation , so as to become throughout consistent in all its parts and as a whole ; for society , when understood , will be ascertained to be a __ perfect science , for producing the perpetual happiness ofthe human . race . All the signs of the times indicate that the period is at hand when this great revolution in human existence will be effected ; and my ardent desire is to see it introduced by peaceable arrangements ,
with wisdom and foresight , and so openly , that all shall be informed of what is about to be accomplished ; that it shall be made palpable to them that man and society are , through a knowledge of ascertained truth , in principle and for practice , to be made rational , and thus to have the permanent happiness of all secured . It is my impression that , by thc adoption of proper means , all parties may be united in making this change , for it is the interest of all that it should be made ; and the objects of all parties would be thus attained . This change in principle and practice is calculated to , and would unite and
harmonise mankind , and a state of happiness for all would follow . I may not live to witness this rational state of existence , although , during my remaining years , all in my power should be done to hasten its arrival , and , preparatory to it , to endeavour to unite the present views of contending parties . Your education and knowledge of the true formation of character , and of the errors of the existing system , are fitting jou , after my death , to pursue—and I hope to accomplish—this first practical measure towards the attainment of the change from the false and miserable , to the true and happy system .
Others may compromise between these sj stems , but it Is not for you to do so . It is , as I have so often stated , impracticable to unite them , and I will briefly state how it appears to me that the change should be made gradually from the one system to the other . The princi ple of the formation of character being admitted , the existing governments , in the spirit of charity and conciliation , should be induced , by their respective populations , to prevent contests and confusion , to become the acknowledged agents of the change , which it is now their first interest to see peaceably effected . The land of the world must become again public property , like air , light , aud water , for the regulated use of all during their lives , and never again to become private property . But to prevent disorder or appearance of injustice , governments should gradually purchase the land , as required fer the change , at the local market price , from the present _legal-mado possessors of it ,
Robert Owen's New System Of Society. Lon...
The land tbuB purchased to * be divided into suoh quantities , according . to , quality , as will for ever , under due cultivation , support in comfort the maximum in , number of a scientifically arranged society ; or , in other words , a society composed of suoh numbers ,. under such combined arrangements as will ensure tq each individual for life the greatest amount of advantages , or of permanent hap-- These scientific arangements of society to be called townships , and at their . maximum not to exceed from two to three thousand . p townships to be devised to secure the , health of all ; to give the greatest facilities lor the production , preservation , distribution , and consumption of wealth , most beneficially for all : to ensure the best
lormation of character for all , from and before birth to death ; to well govern all locally , and to give the highest enjoyment through life to each . 10 ettectthese results , the . arrangement must exclude all vicious ,-injurious , or inferior circumstances : and include thoso only which are superior in all these departments . This combination of all ' hat is good , to the exclusion of all that is evil , in their influences upon humanity , can be _accomp l u a y tnrou a knowledge of " the science of tho influence of circumstances over human nature . But this science has been hidden from man , and could not be discovered until now ; for the knowledge of the true formation of his
character was requisite to develope the science . Butnow _, by the aid of this science , these townships may be so laid out and constructed , that all that influences man to evil may be easily excluded , and those circumstances alone be introduced throughout every department of each township , which are calculated to have an influence only for good over every one placed within them . A model of a township , thus arranged , will be necessary , to make it comprehended by those who have hitherto seen and known on , ly vicious , injurious , inferior , or irrational combinations of circumstances to surround every classs of human being s in all countries over the world .
You , as well as all who desire to elevato man out of his present low and degraded state , will have to learn this science of the influences of surrounding circumstances—animate and inanimate , physical and mental—over man and all that has life upon the earth . This science is the tree of knowledge of good and evil , and trill enable man to dispense either the one or other at his pleasure ; but with this new knowledge he will acquire a new mind and new feelings , and will desire good only for all ; and will accomplish it to the extent of the new power thus created . The external arrangements being formed in accordance with the science ofthe influence of circumstances over human nature , so as to have the most
desirable influence over all , the internal condition or the mind of each member ofthe township will be created on tbe base that the character is formed / or , and not by , each individual , A rational formed mind will be a growth of ideas from this root , extending through all the ramifications of thought and feeling . Each idea will thus be consistent with every other idea , These separate ideas will naturally form the association of ideas of a well constituted mind ; well constituted , because the association of ideas will be as consistent with each other as the separate ideas , and jarring or conflicting ideas will be unknown in any mind . And then will man become in harmony with all nature , and oontests among men will cease for
ever . The many efforts of reformers ever the world , are all tending to these general results , and these comparatively blind efforts will continue for they cannot stop , but will increase , until governments and people shall discover the necessity for this re-creation of character , and reconstruction of society . Being deeply impressed with . the knowledge of the extended , severe , nnd intense physical suffering and mental misery , now daily crested by this
irrational system in which the world bas been so long involved , it is my intention so to direct tho proposed new weekly cheap Journal , that all parties shall become ashamed of longer upholding the present system , and of its continuance in any part of the world , * ashamed of not using every effort to terminate its evils , and of not acting like rational beings , to introduce a plain , simple system of truth , that would insure the well-being and happiness of all . Your affectionate Father , _"Robbm Owen .
Picture Of A Petty Continental Despot. [...
PICTURE OF A PETTY CONTINENTAL DESPOT . [ A daily journal gives the following sketch of the Editor ofthe Hesse , who bas fled from his subjects . ] " Imagine a portly square-built man , on the other side of forty , with regular features , a _sinistei countenance , and a bearing which completely accords witb his usual dress—a general's uniform—and you have the Elector before you . Tbe moral aspect of this man it is difficult to present , for his actions are i long succession of contradictions , which are only referable to two common categories—boundless egotism and an equally unlimited contempt of his fellow-men . He believes in no truth or honest ; under the sun . In his subjects he sees so many presumptuous subjects , whom he must make feel hi ; newer _uoon everv onuortunitv . in order to hold then *
in check . He hates the _democrats , since they will not admit that such a _sovereign as he can really rule bv the " grace of God _•* " he hates the constitutionalists because they would limit his princely prerogative : he hates the orthodox in chuich and state , because he regards the former as hypocrites , and the latter require payment for their servile patriotism . Formerly the military life was his hobby , and still he finds his highest gratification in the pomp nf the parade ground : but , since he has convinced himself tbat whenever the alternative is presented to the army to overturn either bim or the constitution , the soldiers will declare to the last man for the constitution , he bas mistrusted his troops and lost no opportunity of showing his hatred to the officers who
do not understand that their commissions pledge them to become the blind instruments of his arbitrary power . His most venerated example is the Emperor Nicholas , who banished to Siberia a cavalry officer whose spur fell off on parade . Thanks to Providence , the sphere of the Elector ' s power is very circumscribed , but within it be omits no opportunity of acting out a despotic nature . Take an example : Colonel von B , an officer universally respected , had erected an elegant summer residence near to one of the gates of Cassel , and was accustomed to spend an hour or two each day in his flower garden . One day he was carefully watering a bed of favourite plants , when he was surprised by the Electorwho was riding out for an airing . The
lat-, ter reined up his horse and called the colonel . "What do I see , sir ; does such employment become an officer of the staff ? A watering can , indeed ! You would do well , sir , to hold your uniform in more honour for the future . " Thus stuttered his most gracious _majesty , with a voice anything but agreeable ; and eiggt days afterwards Colonel von B . was removed far from his house and flowers , with one consolation , however , that he was also far from his petty oppressor . Similar was the case of another officer high in the civil service , who had just built a house , and when about to move into it , was ordered to leave Cassel , for no other reason than
that it eras known he had counted much upon enjoying his intended new residence . Since these occurrences it has become a bye-word among the officers of both service , "If you would be removed from Cassel , build a house , and furnish it comfortably . Several officers have been removed from Cassel , as they were too intimate with some of the liberals there ; others , however , for a very different reason —forthe sacrifices they had made for their sovereign in trying moments ; for it is one of the characteristics of the Elector that he holds it to be degrading to acknowledge a debt of gratitude to any one . As he will be influenced by no one , he will entrust to no man his confidence . Even those officials who are
hazarding life and honour in his service stand not an inch nearer to his heart than the rest of the world . It would , for example , be a mis'ake to imagine that such persons as Hassenpflug and his associates are trusted by the prince . He upholds tbem because they are bis most ready instruments , and are willing to do anything for a consideration . He knows well enough that Hassenpflug ' s patriotism and fidelity do not transcend the value of the salary he draws ; lie knows that that man would be the first to betray him in the hour of extremity ; but he finds a charm in dealing with men whose virtue nothing can revolt . He treats Hassenpflug with the same superciliousness whicli the latter exhibits to those beneath him ; but the more dislike the people manifest towards the minister , the more does his master delight to heap outward honours upon him . — Cologne Gazette .
Sinrwrecks And Loss Of Lifb.—Intelligenc...
_SinrwRECKS and Loss of LiFB . —Intelligence has been received at Lloyd ' s of the destruction ofan immense number of ships , and the loss of upwards of 100 lives , in a tremendous gale that occurred at the Cape of Good Hope on tie 30 th of June last , During the tempest the barque Grindlay and the British Settler Train went down with all hands ; the Royal Albert became a total wreck , tut fortunately her crew wero saved . On the Zatterkima coast , twenty miles west of St , Francis Bay , the destruction was terrific . Tho French ship L'Aigle , Du Burgue master , here went to pieces ; his Excellency the Governor of Manilla , who was on board on his passage homo , and every soul on board , except ten men , perished . At the same moment the Queen of the "West , and two American ships , went down with all hands . * ., The shore is strewn for miles with merchandise of the most valuable description and the bodies o £ _* , the dead . The loss sustained exceeds
. £ 200 , 000 .. _; ¦ - • _-. A stone of tlio size of a man ' s head , weighing 8 „ s ., and another stone of the shape and size of a horse ' s foot , were found ih the stomach of a horse that died a few days since at Spalding , Lincolnshire .
Tiie Outrage On Marshat Hatsau. On Monda...
TIIE OUTRAGE ON MARSHAt _HATSAU . On Monday night & meeting was held at the George Tavern , in George-street , Bankside , in celebration ofthe late attack on Marshal Haynau . The George , it will be , remembered , is the tavern in which the marshal sought refuge from the attack to which be was subjected . The meeting of last night was to have been held in one of tho rooms in the tavern , and in an elevated position close to where the chairman was to have presided , the chair was exhibited on which it was stated Marshal Haynau bad eat , and attached to . it was tho birchrbroom , with the remains ofthe handle , which it was alleged
waB broken on the marshal ' s back . These memorials of the late attack were viewed with much curiosity , and the dust-bin also attracted a good deal of observation . The room having bem found too small for , the meeting , accommodation was provided in tho skittle ground . Mr . "Wm . Brown presided . The Chairman said they had met that night to celebrate a very important event-the chastisement which the wretch Haynau had received , and almost on the very spot on which they now stood—and their object in now assembling was to show tbeir sympathy with those unfortunate men , Hungarians and others , who had suffered such shameful treatment at the hands of that very Haynau . The meeting , therefore , of that night was in every way most
important , and he hoped its influence would be extensively felt . It was not alone in London that Haynau had met with his deserts . Inthe several cities through which ho had passed since he had been compelled to fly from England , nothing but the protection of the array and the police had saved him from the just vengeance of the people . According to the latest accounts , he had arrived , it appeared , in Hanover . One thing was certain , that he would not readily forget the reception he had met with in Bankside , from tho brewery men and others . No treatment could be too severe for the man who had committed such horrible cruelties in Brescia , as Haynau had perpetrated . On this matter he ( the chairman ) spoke on the authority of
General Pepe , whose book had been recently published , and in which were narrated atrocities ofthe most shocking character which were committed by Ilaynau upon men , women , and children . And yet there was little doubt that if the aristocracy had had the opportunity , they would have given a very cordial reception to Marshal Haynau , notwithstanding the infamy attached to his character . But , as Mr . Wakley had said in the House of Commons , the greater the villain the better the reception he would be sure to receive from the aristocracy . When , it was said that they had violated the laws of hospitality n the late attack on Marshal Haynau , he utterly and entirely denied the assertion , * and so far from the men who took part in it being ignorant
on the subject of _Haynau ' s acts , he could state , from his own knowledge , tbat they were perfectly well informed of the principal events in which Haynau took part . He waB glad to say , with reference to the late affair , that the firm of Barclay and Perkins had acted wisely , and that they deserved the thanks of the meeting . He ( the chairman ) had no doubt that if Messrs . Barclay and Perkins had discharged the men , and that if by so doing they had a loss of ten thousand pounds , be had no doubt that in such a case the aristocracy of this country and of the Continent would have readily contributed twenty thousand pounds to cover the loss .. He had been anxious to know the feeling of the men , and
he had questioned them , and they had told him in reply , that Barclay and Perkins were good masters , and that they treated them well . ( Loud cheers . ) He , therefore , said that these _gentlewen were weli deserving oftheir thanks forthe conduct they had pursued , which he had no doubt the meeting would readily give them . But what were they to say of the man who had furnished Austria with money , and who might , therefore , be justly accused of the misery which had befallen so many thousands . What were they to say of such a man ? { A voice , " Haynau ' s friend . " ) When he saw the Hungarians and others who bad been driven from their country starving , he could not help speaking of _sucn matters . He next referred to the conduct of the Polish
committee , of which Lord Dudley Stuart was the head , and said that that committee had refused to give assistance to the Polish democrats , and for the last week these poor fellows had to be content with threepence per day , on which they managed to subsist . He might here observe that some Poles who had gone to Hamburg , as they were advised to do , were immediately arrested on their arrival their . He would therefore advise the meeting not to trust these committees ; and whenever a tyrant ventured among them , let them treat him as he deserved . He had only now to observe , that the money which would be collected that night would be devoted to the aid of the poor Poles , and would be the means he hoped of providing them with food for a few days . ( Hear , hear . ) He again congratulated them on the lesson they had given Haynau , and concluded by calling for three cheers for Kossuth , for Bern , for Dembinski _, aud for the Hungarian and Polish _refugees , and for three groans for the wretch who hid himself in the dusthole—a
demand which was very cordially responded to , the latter part of it especially . The Marsellaise hymn having been sung , the meeting joining in the chorus—Mr . Styles said he had great pleasure in moving a vote of thanks , as the chairman had suggested , to Messrs . Barclay and Perkins , at the same time that it would be gratifying to him to know that the meeting was proceeding in the matter upon substantial grounds . The Chairman said he had inquired of eleven of the men , and they had the fact besides that all the men were retained in their employment . Mr . Styx . es said that fact was no doubt conclusive . Messrs . Barclay and Perkins had certainly acted most creditably , and he had great pleasure in moving the thanks of the meeting to these
gentlemen for their conduct on thc late occasion in retaining the men in their employment , and in not permitting themselves to be influenced by suggestions which were thrown out for their discharge . Mr . Stores seconded the motion , which was unanimously agreed to . Several songs were sung during the meeting by Hungarians and Frenchmen , and others , and some addresses having been delivered , thanks were given to the chairman , and the meeting separated _.
A Patent Steam Breao-Making Machine.—A P...
A Patent Steam _Breao-making Machine . —A patent was granted some months ago to a Mr . Lee , of Glasgow , for making bread and biscuits by means of machinery , and by the application of steam instead of fire . The operation of this novel apparatus was exhibited on Tuesday at the bakehouse of Messrs . Lee and Robinson ( the patentee and his partner , ) in the classic region of Wapping , and a large number of persons wore present to testify to the utility and practicability of the invention , which has for its object tbe accomplishment of the following points , as stated by the patentee : — " By the substitution of carbonated water for barm , to render bread more nutritive . A saving of fifty per cent , in the cost of fuel in
heating the oven , by means of an improved method of substituting steam for fire . The gradual admix ture of the flour with the water without manual labour . To insure the oven being kept of an equal heat by means of an indicator and regulator , and by means of which the heat can be kept exactly as may bo desired . By the use of an ingenous contrivance to regulate the desired weight of all bread , whether from an ounce to any number of pounds tiie baker may desire , without the nosibility of error . The saving of all manual labour in the manufacture of bread , with the exception of that of a few boys to place it upon , and receive it from , tho machine . The avoiding the necessity of the human hand touching or kneading the dough . "
Mr , Leo described the nature of the invention with much minuteness , and gave tho spectators an opportunity of witnessing the practical effect of the machinery in its various stages . The grand purpose which he sought to achieve was the saving of time and manual labour in the manufacture of the most important necessary of life ; and , in order te show how this object was to bo carried out , Mr . Lee exhibited the entire process of baking bread and biscuits from tho first preparation of tho flour to the placing the dough into the oven , and withdrawing it when ready for consumption . All this was done by mechanical contrivances , and tho men employed were not even called upon to woigh tho
dough , or measure the size of the loaf , tho apparatus , when set in motion , being calculated to serve every purpose which , in tho ordinary process of baking , is achieved by hand . Tho result of the experiments afforded satisfactory proof that Mr . Lee ' s discovery in the art of bnking deserves every encouragement , as well on the score of economy as from the fact that it introduces a more speedy , and at the same time a more cleanly , method of manu « facturing bread . The rapidity with which the work may be carried on by this new and interesting process is most surprising . For tho supply of bread to schools , or other large establishments—such as poor-law unions and prisons—this invention seems to bo specially applicable . continue to
Telegraphs in Germany . —Wo receive from Vienna accounts of the progress of the _telegraph system in Austria . Within the last four months , through the activity of the Minister of Trade , ' no less than 1 , 000 miles of _tolegraph havo been opened , making the total mileage about 2 , 000 miles , of which about one quarter has the wires laid underground on the improved system . Another 1 , 000 miles will be ready next year . The telegraph now works from Cracow to _Triests 700 niiles . Onthe 1 st of October tho new telegraph union between Austria , Prussia , Saxony , and Bavaria comes into operation , under a uniform tariff , which is one-half of the former charges . ' This progress will be looked upon with interest by the commercial publio here , who are very much in want of facilities corresponding to thoso enjoyed in the United States , and at the same reasonable charges ,
The M _ Ns_E Fffexh!2iti0& Of Iaift ; Yy...
THE _M _ NS _ E _fffEXH ! 2 ITI 0 _& OF _iaift ; s : ;¦• . - , ¦*• _vr-. t / _: ¦ ,: "'• ¦ _¦? . ' _" '• • ¦ "<*/ .. ¦ ' ... [ The _following correspondence and _remarka have heen forwarded to . us with a , request for their insertion . As the matter has a direct and practical bearing on the interests of tho poorer classes of intending exhibitors we readily compl y . —Ed . N . 5 . ] TO HIS EOYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT .
Ac , „ c , & _, e _. Permit me to submit to your Royal _Hisbness * consideration what , if any , guarantee will be given to inventors who submit for public inspection maohines which hare not been patented , that such machines shall riot be imitated or pirated . I am an artist in hair , or plaiter of human hair into ornaments of jewellery ; I have invented a machine of great multiplying powers , which baa taken me four years to complete , by means of which I am enabled to plaitin ten minutes , as much as
, can be produced by hand work in a week , and that with greater beauty and exactness ; can I , with safety , exhibit this machine ? An opinion prevails that foreigners are the best , or only workers in that art ; this would be supposed from the patronage they receive . Indeed ladies often express surprise that I am not a Frenchman , or that I did not learn the art in Franco ; this ia both detrimental to native talent , and very galling to men like myself , whose ambition has been always to excel .
An opportunity now offers to test that question , but I cannot gather from the newspapers sufficient to enable me to see my way into Hyde Park except at a great risk , namely , the loss of the means by which I support myself and family . The labour of making an original machine , and the copying of one already in existence , being very different , this is a point upon which inventors will feel cautious . I have a strong desire to compete with all nations , and if I do not establish my superiority in the art of hair plaiting I am willing to abide by tho consequences ; but , on the other hand , should I succeed , ( I submit to your Royal Highness' consideration , ) that I , or others similarly situated , ought to be rewarded with the usual English and foreign patents .
An inducement of that kind would bring out a larger field of genius and industry than the very large p rizes named b y the committee , whieh fewwill be ambitious enough to contend for . I cannot see anything unreasonable in this suggestion , as my machine would otherwise be copied , not only by foreigners , but by those of my branch of trade in England . No doubt there will be many patented and caveated machines at the Exhibition in the hands of the monied classes , but few men will expose their inventions and years of toil for a medal , or for the honour of being acknowledged by name in tbe public prints ; rich or amateur inventors can only afford to be so generous . Of such there may be many , but I question if there will be sufficient of
that class to enable England to compete successfully with the world , and as necessity is the mother of invention , the committee would do honour to itself , to hold out an encouraging hand to all classes , and especially to those who have had tbe greatest difficulties to contend witb . The subscriptions that are going on , and the monies that will be received at the doors , will enable them to act liberally to all who como before the public , and if government has the power , or her Majesty ' s prerogative could be used , in friendly conjunction with Foreign governments , in relaxing tbe stamp duties and office fees on certain patents , the difficulties of the committee * _, would be much lightened ; this wonld ben fraternisation on a grand scale . It may be supposed that the
my suggestion will effect the patent laws , or office fees , this I cannot see , as there will be a great many patents taken out for the Exhibition that would not otherwise be taken , therefore the extra profits on stamps , Ac ., would amply meet such cases as mine , where inability to patent would prevent the parties coming forward ; and as the Exhibition was intended by your Royal Highness for all the public , my class will be an exception if Bome such arrangements are not made . I hope your Royal Highness will excuse my entering so much into detail , but I should not do justice to the subject if I did not explain myself , aa should I not be able to exhibit , I may have the mortification of seeing a foreigner carry off the palm for some niggling piece of work that bas taken weeks or months to execute , while I , with a clear stage and no favour , would produce more in quantity , and better in quality , than fifty or a hundred such .
I will now submit , that as tbe government may have to pass new acts of parliament for the _developement of so great a scheme , they will not lose sight of the present patent laws , they being in their present shape the greatest barrier the poor inventor has to contend with , namely , not being able to pay tho entire sum required in obtaining a patent , obliges him to seek assistance from the monied class , who frequently take the lion ' s share , but if he was allowed to pay by instalments ( as in otber countries , ) he would have a chance of working his patent for the benefit of his family , who _frequently suffer from the expensive experiments oftheir enthusiastic parent . Under these circumstances , I humbly submit that same guarantee , not at present definite or perhaps contemplated , should be extended to those who produce , for the inspection of the public , those machines which are calculated to aid so much inthe rapid production of manufactures , but which are unprotected by any existing patent .
I have the honour to subscribe myself , Your Royal Bigness' most humble and obedient Servant , 317 , Regent-street , Richard Towklet . April the 22 nd , 1830 . Palace of Westminster , May 4 th , 1850 . Sib , —I am directed by Her Majesty ' s Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 to acknowledge the receipt of your letter ofthe 22 nd ult ., addressed to His Iloyal Highness Prince Albert , on the subject ef the means to he adopted for securing from piracy thoso unpatented machines which may he exhibited , ana I am to call your attention , inreply , to No . 8 of the General Conditions , * a copy of which _isherawith enclosed . The subject , however , is one of much difficulty , and is now under the consideration ofthe Commissioners . I have the honour to be , Sir , Your obedient Servant , Mr . Richard Townley . J . Scott _Hx'sskix . * No . 8 ofthe General Conditions promised protection .
After the above advice the Prince and his Commissioners have got an act passed which allows the applicant and others to exhibit in the Park in 1851 , wherein they undertake to protect him for a yearca far as Great Britain is concerned , but after that inventors will have to pay nearly 4400 each to protect themselves ! Mark the contrast . A Frenchman may bring his machine patented from his own country , by paying there about 100 francs , or £ 4 3 s . 4 d . sterling , and will walk over the course , if poor John Bull cannot by himself or friends raise the aforesaid £ 400 .
Are the Prmce and the Iloyal Commissioners justified in challenging universal competition , giving such fearful odds—nearly one hundred to one ? and that without consulting inventors or parties immediately interested . They have been more considerate for the trees in the Park than for the genius and industry of the British mechanic—R . T .
Certificate Of Courage! To Tiik Xnitob O...
CERTIFICATE OF COURAGE ! TO TIIK XniTOB OP THK NORTHERN STAR . Sm _, —In tho Star of August 31 st there appeared a letter from Ernest Jones to George Harney , in which Mr , Jones , without entering into particulars , absolves his friend from the charge of cowardice which I preferred against him in my letter of the 30 th of January last . Now , as tho object ot Mr . Jones is to invalidate my statement respecting Mr . Barney , and as you have permitted him to do so , I call upon you to give this _coiifirmation of my charge , authenticated as it ia by the signatures of two gentlemen who were present at the meeting , and to whom I submitted thc charge in manuscript before it was originally published . lam , Sir , yours , & c , Thomas Clabk .
" We hereby certify that that part of Mr . Clark'a letter , of January 30 th , containing a statement of the conduct of Mr . Harney at tho meeting to whioh it refers , is truthful in every particular , as we can testify , from having been present at said meeting . ' Piime M'Giiatii , William Dixon . " " London , September 12 th , 1 S 50 . "
The Bahnsley Factory "Workers And Tuk Ne...
The _Bahnsley Factory "Workers and tuk New ( Government ) Act . —Since tho new Factory Act came into operation tho power-loom employers of this town ( with one exception ) have continued to work their mills from six in the morning till halfpast five in the evening , for five days in the week , closing tlicm at two o ' clock pn Saturdays , jta Messrs . Pigottand Newton , of Shaw-lane mill , commenced working their hands from six in the morn * ing till six at night , as soon as thc new law allowed them to do so , which created great uneasiness in tbe minds of their numerous workpeople . They at once called to tbeir aid the influence of tho Short Time
Committee , to assist them in prevailing on their employers to discontinue the new practice , and to resume tho old mode of working—viz ., ten hours per day , five days in the week , and to close at two on Saturdav _, like the other firms of tlie town . Thehands of this firm wero called together , when it was agreed to send a letter to the Messrs . _^ igottana Newton , with thenames of the weavers aftoea thereto . A deputation of _lomalo " _" _^ _" _^^" _' { _g : ; appointed , and the document was presented on the llth inst . and it affords us " _>« _JT J _^ _'JEd wh % that those gentlemen _ta- _» edw _ff ™ 5 _^ iS ¦ the request of their weavers . A _» _^ P ° _™ _£ _™' _- , factorL of this town are no * " 3 _^*^^ per day , _^^"" _oJg _^ _Ji-riiAW _MiRfiEW _, mittee .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 21, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_21091850/page/7/
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