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December 23, 1848. . • ¦ ;..;:; - p^ -g ...
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JFJ *B*BCBIPTi Or THE NATIONAL LBIPD COM...
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TRIAL OF THE MANCHESTER CHARTISTS. [We h...
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THE ASSASSINATIONS AT STANFIELD" HALL. U...
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Joseph Adt Again !—f be public ara cauti...
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES. ' Words are thin...
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CHOLERA. On Saturday, tho following fres...
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THE NATIONAL MODE OP PERMANENTLY AND PEA...
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Ireland
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mb Dum'a TRiii. The absurd mandate ef Ju...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
December 23, 1848. . • ¦ ;..;:; - P^ -G ...
_December 23 , 1848 . . ¦ ; .. ; : _; - _p _^ _-g _NORTHERN STAR . 5
Jfj *B*Bcbipti Or The National Lbipd Com...
JFJ * B * _BCBIPTi Or THE NATIONAL _LBIPD COMPANY , FOR THB WBKK _BNDINS THURSDAY . DECEMBER 21 , 1818 . _PE & HRO'GOKHOB . _saamrs . g I , _ \ S Walsall n 17 0 Deronport M 18 0 B Bath _. 2 0 0 Mossley .. 1 o 0 U If arket Rasen M 0 17 6 Monkton DeTerill OHO " t "Warley - - 1 13 8 Birmingham , I Hebden Bridge 2 16 Goodwin „ 0 5 8 C Carlisle « . i l i InverkeitMng M 0 4 6 1 Bermondsey M I 5 0 _Shoreditcn „ 0 5 6
li Kertbamptoa - 19 0 G Walsh M 0 2 6 I Hull M 0 9 6 A Ness „ 0 5 0 1 Arbroath „ 816 3 C Wilson .. 1 8 e I Sossendals 2 0 0 CUoal „ 0 1 o 1 "tTolrerhampton 8 3 0 JVignis „ 6 16 1 "Slland „ 13 3 HPattisott „ 0 1 o 1 Loughborough .. I 95 EGood m 0 s 6 < Clayton M 0 5 0 C Turk m 0 0 8 1 Hottingham , j Heffeman „ 0 14 Sweet . IU 1 EO Clark „ 0 2 0 Hawick „ 19 7 TTilley M 02 i ' _ttakbiach m 117 0 _ Kewport ( Wales ) 9 5 0 £ 43 2 6
8 XP 5 H 8 K FUND . C Wilson H 0 2 0 Nottingham , _2 UrketBases .. 0 5 9 ; Sweet M 080 Lower Warleya 0 8 9 Hawick . 0 2 0 _Korthamptoo _, Newport ( "Wales ) 0 2 a Harrison _* . 0 6 6 Deronport \ . 8 4 0 Hull _n 0 211 Honkton DeTerill S 2 0 Arbroath „ 0 3 0 Shoreditch „ 0 810 } Wolverhampton 10 6 ——JEll & ni m 0 13 f 3 8 9 |
TOTALS . LtndFnna „ 48 3 6 Expense Fond 3 8 9 £ Bonus ... ... ... ... 53 8 1 _LoanFand 2 5 7 _Tftansfere _... ... ... ... 011 0 £ 10216 _llf Wit . _Dixosr _, _CBiniopsK Dons , Thos . Clisx { Carres . Sec . ) Philip _M'Geath ( Fin . Seo . )
FOR THE EXECUT 1 T 2 . _XECSTTKB BT S . ESBD , _\ _Testmra 5 ter , Preston , per per J Grassby 0 5 11 James M * Lin . _Sotherham , per sob „ 0 3 0 Georf a Turner 0 7 0 BICII _7 BD AT ZAXH OETICS . SadcBffe Bridge 2 e P M'Grath , An-Bradford ( York ) 0 10 0 nnal Snbgcri p--Great Horton , tion for 1849 6 4 0 per Mr Loftns 0 10 0 W Dixon , ditto * 0 4 0 TT Clark , Annual C Doyle , ditto 0 4 0 Subcriptlonfor 6 Julian Harney , 1 B 49 . 040 ditto _„ 040 : SKydd , ditto .. 0 4 0 Keighley „ 0 io 0 1 XCXIVTD Bt W . BIDES ,. _Sheffield , per S Cavill _» « .. .. 017
EXECUTIVE NBW YEAR'S _SIFr , _tSCSTTEO- AT LAUD _OSICS . 3 Ir Walters , Fal- Sew _TUdford , kirk „ 0 3 6 per J Street M 0 10
FOR WITES A 5 _TD FAMILIES OF 7 ICTIKS . UCXIVZD ST W . BIBS * . Alnwick , » er J Young - - ~ 8 7 6
DEFENCE AND VICTIM FUND , _XECCTCED ST a . KTDD . South London Botherham , per Hall .. 019 21 George Turner 011 6 _SECEIVED AT L 15 D _OVIlCa . A few Friends at Nuneaton m 0 12 6 Greenwich , per 6 W ~ N 0 2 0 WWhitcembe 0 li 6 MrPattison m o l 0 UHUnnien _ 0 4 8 Daniel Broad « , 0 10 Ipswich . pep Ann Smith - 0 0 4 Garrard - 010 0 Mr Lister „ 0 10 Badcliffe Bridge 017 3 _HrEdear - 0 2 6 Hr Douglas M 0 0 6 John Heffeman 0 4 0 Mr Smith _. 0 0 6 HrJTompsonM 0 6 0 Hr Porter M 0 0 6 MrBossiter „ 0 10 HrWertlake M 0 10 Mr Barrows „ 0 e 6 Ur Derby . 0 10 0 _X-fCSIVZD AT L 4 SP OFFICE . _"MrsM'Don-dl _ , „ _ e 6 8
NOTICES , v AU branch secretaries who have sent monies to tbis eSce during the quarter ending December 25 th , 1848 , will tend , as sooa as possible , a return of each person ' s _^ payments to Land , _Expense , Bonus , and Loan Funds . Let this rule be stzictlt attended ta . The returns most embrace { be acknowledgments in the STAX of tbis day . Ko mosey most be returned as paid daring the quarter bat what has been received at this _oSca on or before the -lstinttant . Teignmonth and Stratford-upon-Avon were last week _erroneonsljplacedin tbe Stab ameng the branches which had net made their returns . Messrs Edwards and ¦ Coombes , the secretaries of these branches , have erer been most prompt in complying with tbe regulations of -the Company . P-nrjp M'Gbath . _***^ _S _** - _~* _4 r _* m _ 1 _^ __^^»* _+ _* r _~ - - _*~ -- — _+ _^ m
DEFENCE FUND . _UCEITID BT WI 1 UAX UDZB . £ 8 . d . -Ardsley , near Barnsley , per 3 . Hodgson ... 0 3 11 * W . Banglej , Thornley _ColHery ... ... 0 0 4 Hr Atkinson , London ... ... ... 0 10 _3 kmlBgha * n , * Frlend , per J . Wills ... 0 10 0 „ MrWaddleton , ditto ... 0 16 ., Sundry SabscripUons ditto ... 0 3 6 Ifr Beck , London ... .. ... 0 0 6 lit _Ciark'i Brash Shop . Leicester ... 0 5 6 Atterciiffe ( eoUtctt-ra after lecture bj Hit
Theobald ) per G . Cavill ... ... 0 3 If North Church Street School Room , ditto ... 0 5 6 i TuastaU , per J . Steele ... ... 9 7 0 _-OMswinfcrd _, per J . Chance ... ... 0 7 0 CsTeatry _. Mr Garlic . Hach Park Street ... 0 0 6 „ MrPritchard , Gosford Street 0 10 „ Go-ford and Much Paxk . Street 0 S _S _ Hill Field 0 0 5 1 „ _Spon Street r „ _.., 0 0 lo 'Horthwich _, per W . Raws ... ... 0 4 0 _Urotflnghamjper J . Sweet ... ... 0 9 2 Hurton Colliery , Co . Durham , per J . _Roxlsy 0 2 0 Monmouth , per E Eiias ... ... 0 3 6 Brighton , per W . Flower ... ... 0 10 0 . Birmingham , Feeple ' _a Hall , per W . B . Euaiail 0 10 „ „ per Mr Csoiwhi ,,, 010 H . Clark , _Birraingrmm ... ... 0 10 Bristol , per W . Hjatt 0 6 0
Total £ 4 10 5
Trial Of The Manchester Chartists. [We H...
TRIAL OF THE MANCHESTER CHARTISTS . [ We hare received tbe following from one of the defendants , written a short time before his conviction . ] This trial commenced on Monday last at eleven o ' clock , before Barcn Alderson . The defendant-, ' names were called , and they were ordered into tbe dock . John West demanded thai tbo indictment should ba read , before be would _cOBsast to plead ; which was complied with . George White objected to plead , on the ground tbat hs was not is a position to obtain a fair trial , aa he net received a copy ef the depordtiens , nor bad eny ides of tbe cbarge . The judge _orerrnled tbe objection , and tbs defendants pleaded— 'Not Gnilty . ' An application
was tben made to be allowed places at the table wbich was agreed to ; The Attorney General _opesed the proceedings in a most hitter tone , and several policemen were examined . The defendants _cross-examined the police witnesses on both days , and also a _volanteer _epy named Ball , wbo _awora to tha most infamous lies concerning Chnreb burning , firing houses , blowing up buildings , 4 c . He out-Powered Powell ; but snch was bis audacity , that on being brought to identify the parties against whom he was swearing , he could only name two . He was ultimately tamed ont ef court by the judge . Ths defendants spoke in their own defence , and occupied nearly tbe whole of Taesday with their _several speeches- On Wednesday morning , a few
witnesses were called for the defence , some of them to proTe an akH , but they were of no particular , use . The Attorney General then began in a most bitter strain , to endeavour to prejudice the jury _agsiost the defendants , alleging that it was through their speeches that all tbe evils arising from the late ex-• cited state of tbe public mind proceeded . He thea endeavoured to makt oat s cbarge of general conspiracy against them , and as the writer of this hap-$ _ens to be one of the party , he must eome to a speedy close , a * he must try to get this posted lest he shonld be incapab ' e in an honr . There seems little donbt that we shall all be in Kirkdale gaol to night . And . now that we have done our duty , it is to be _hopsd ( that the people ** ill do tbeir dnty to oar families .
The Assassinations At Stanfield" Hall. U...
THE ASSASSINATIONS AT STANFIELD " HALL . _UIABB 0 ? IHX ECQTJJSr . —TJRDICr OF WILFUL _MtJSDEl AeAIfBTBUaH . _W-nioxDHiu , TCkdskshay . —Tbis protracted inquiry was resumed by Mr Press , the _Norfolk eoroner , tor the sixth time , yesterday , at ths King ' s Head Ins , in this town ; and some additional evidence having been given , which , however , added rathing material to the facts already before the public , The Jury found the following verdict : — That the ¦ deceased Mr lease Jermy snd Me Isaac Jermy Jermy -WBie wilfully _anrdeKdby Jam ** _BJomfisld Rash . ' The search for the weapons with which the crimes were perpetrated is still prosecuted with ths _vtmott _fifdlanee , but hitherto without success .
Joseph Adt Again !—F Be Public Ara Cauti...
Joseph Adt Again !—f be public ara cautioned against tbe renewed attempts at imposition by tbe _aotorisus Joseph Adj . Alderman Weelmer of Exeter , has lately received oae of his epistles referring to his having obtained £ 10 . 000 . for Sir Herbert J . Fust , and offering , for a remittance of £ \ , to interfere in a _sisilar case , ' only cot K much mocej . '
To The Working Classes. ' Words Are Thin...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . ' Words are things , and a small drop of ink FaUiBg-rilike den—upoa a thought , produces That which makes thousands , perhaps millions , _****• ' Bison . WRONGS , RIGHTS , AND DUTIES . MEMOIRS OF CITIZEN OAUSSEDIERE . '
( Concluded . ) Brother Proletarians , _^ Not the Ieut of the wrongs of your order is the impossibility of obtaining a fair and impartial trial in tha event of having to seat a charge of' sedition / political ' conspiracy , ' or that higher offence , onoe so commonly committed by the _ariatoeracy of this country , treason . ' Por a member of yonr order to be accused of either of these offences is tantamount to being condemned . An acquittal is a matter of suoh rare occurrence , that I doubt if even that notorious possessor of the best of memories , ' the oldest inhabitant , ' can remember such an _event .
I bave not forgotten the historical faot Of'the acquittal of Hobse Tookb , _Thslwau _, and others , whioh acquittil is celebrated every year at Radlej ' s Hotel , Blackfriars , by a set of _four _^ _ou-libsrals and political adventurers , who meet to guzz ' . e and glorify eaoh other , and toast' Trial by Jury . ' The celebration of the glorious triumph of Trial by Jury' is in theie times a glorious exhibition of humbug . ' Trial by Jury , ' like most of ' onr excellent institutions , 'is a very good thing for the rioh aad tbo _eounieoiiie , but , as regards the poor , they would not be maeh worse off were they sabjected to trial by court-martial . As long as the middle classes dabbled in sedition , their leaders , spokesmen , and instruments generally , were acquitted whenever a majority of * Liberals « _ic
into the jury-box . Bat times bave changed . The bourgeoitie . if they hava not obtained all they want _, bave-obtained sufficient power to enable them to accomplish any further ohange whenever they may choose te put forth their strength and help themeelves . They therefore no longer sympathise with the advocates of organic reform . The Charter is to them * the abomination of desolation , ' perhaps setso much on account of the principles of that measure , as because the Chartists are strongly suspected of a desire to make political reform Bubservient to social reform . Perhaps the bit-by-bit reformers are right in their suspicions . I trust they are , for I hold , with Laucnrais , that Liberty is something more than a word printed on a placard and posted at the corners of the streets . Tha liberty to live—the liberty to
enjoy the fruits of one ' s own labcur , unplundered by idlers—is the first of liberties : and 'Charters' and ' Constitutions' are only valuable so far as they may enable the disinherited people to recover tbeir social rights , and protect those rights when recovered . Mr Pohacx , counsel for some of the Liverpool Confederates , remarked a few days ago , that 'it certainly waa most gratifying to know that no charge of packing _jories had been raised daring tho trial of the Chartists in England . ' There is no need to incur the odium of _paokicg juries when it is well known beforehand how the jurors will give their verdiot . Place Fustianin the dock , let SUk Gown charge the culprit with beirg a' physical force Chartist , ' and _insinnate that he is not exactly free from the taint of ' Commnniim , ' and forthwith Broad Cloth in the jary box will b * Uow out'GUILTY . '
In the present day "Trial by Jury'is one of the ' great safeguards' of Despotism . If a working man is _impris _9 ned , transported , or hanged , who dare grumble ! Has he not had the benefit of trial by jury ? Ah ! Proletarians of Germany , how happy yoa will be when you have secured for " -ourselves that 'invaluable privilege ! ' How comfortable you will fesl when banded over to tbe tender mercies of dungeon villains , by the verdict of twelve honest bourgeois , instead of being condemned by the mode heretofore in vogue in your country . _Sklning eels is of coarse unavoidable ; Providence made eels to be Bkinned , and if one is an eel , it is a matter of great importance that one shonld be skinned ' constitutionally !'
The recent Chester Assizes afforded examples of the happy working of our blessed constitutional system . Similar examples have been exhibited at the _Liverposl Assizes . Tork , too , will produce its quota . At Chester the learned judge gravely informed the Grand Jury—whom he termed ' wise men '—that certain' evil men '' had tried to persuade the working classes that a general feeling existed amongst the rich to act towards them as oppressors . ' -If sueh men exist anywhere oat of the dreamland of his lordship ' s imagination , they should be set down as foolish , rather than as evil men ; for why should they devote their powers of persuasion te prove that wbich is as notorious as the son at noon-day—the incontrovertible fact
thas—• Laws grind the poor , and rich men rule tbs laws !' I wonld recommend the _foelith ( or * evil' ) men _aforesaid to' save their breath to eool their porridge ;' seeing that the wot kof persuading the people as te the oppressive character ot the rich can be best performed by the rich themselves , and is at this very time twine moat admirably performed by jadges , lawyers , and jurors , the 'legal and _eansritufionar * representatives acd champions of the privileged and tbe powerful . . Of all the sad Bights under the sun , the mockery of justice performed in our Law Courts is amongst the saddest Under the gnise of a ' charge' to the Grand Jnry , the Judge delivers a political speech embracing a review of European politics—the overthrow of dynasties—the dire effects of _revolationaacd the folly asd wickedness of those who seek any change in _ourglorious institutions . Next a Whig
Attorney-General appears on the stage , supported by an ' array of legal talent / ' retained for the Grown . ' The talented gentlemen do not forget that their horse-hair head-fittings give them tbe privilege of uttering any amonnt of evil speaking , from assertions ofthe existence of ' dark aud dangerous conspiracies , ' to imputations of ' communism . ' Tbe witnesses are then called—modest , _truth-loviot * policemen , snd wretches compared with whom Judas Ibcabiot , waa a gentleman , for Mr Iecabioi * went and banged himself—a not very common occurence with Whig spies . Sometimes , when under crossexamination _, the spy _will come oat with something like ths Mowing admission : — Wben charged by the men witb being a traitor , I always told them I was not . I was la tbe habit of com . _mnoicatlng t j the policeman Brown all I knew .
Then we have the following edifying interrup tion : — The Jadge . —It if not likely he wonld tell the mob be was s traitor . Like yonr client-, he pleads not gnilty to tha charge . Tou may call it a lie if you like , I don't csUitalie . The Jadge considers that a lie ia not a lie , if the liar is a spy ! Bnt mark the ( not very ) delicate insinuation intended for the ears of the jury : ' Like yonr clients be pleads not gnilty to the charge . ' That is to say , the defendants are as innocent of the charges laid to their account as the spy is innocent of lying ! Sometimes the defendant has the assistance of one of those worthy
orators—« Who , right or wrong , will vindicate for gold . ' But occasionally the defendant is too poor to secure that assistance aud therefore defends himself . This affords the _judiroira _opportunity nott <» be tb _^^ of refusing the victim a seat , pen and ink , or ether matters , trifling in themselves , bnt necessary to enable the accused man to make his own defence . The _defendant speaks or reads his defence , asd the honest reporters for the pnblic journals dismiss it in a line as a Chartist harangue , filled with the usual stuff of _anch addresses . ' Tbe'bead of the bar , ' replies , tba judge sums np with' bis usual ability and impartiality , ' and the jury , after knocking their heads together as a matter of form , face the bench , aud proclaim the prisoner ' guilty . ' Ths doomed man is a Chartist , 'that a enough , '
cry the bourgeois jury , — ' Away with him , away with him ! Cracify him , crucify him ! ' . Then comes the sentence . This is a grand occasion for insulting tbe viotim , aud delivering another political speeoh . Sometimes the judge says to the prisoner . 'Yoa are a young man with a very voluble tosgu 9 . and an empty head , as most mob orators are . ' I will merely append tha remark that 'empty heads , ' are not confined to ' mob orators . ' It is fortunate for some persons that a horse-hair wig ' cavers a multitude / of absurdities . Believe me , brother proletarians , ' trial by jury , ' will never beef valHe to you until you reconquer your right of direct and universal representation in
Via ij-rguu _* - . ura _. . , When yon shall hare Von the acknowledgment of that right , and shall be able to exercise it in accordance with the system projected in the Charter , you will only have yoorselvea to blame if yon do not make of ¦ trial by jury , ' a verity- When workug msn shall 6 a tried by their peers , then and not till , then , will the great principle of' trial by jury , ' bo osrned oat , and tea safeguard of the liberties of your order , instead of being , as it is at present , an engine of oppression and cruelty . Brother Proletarians , both tbe wrongs yon suffer , and the rights most wickedly withheld from you , should stimulate you to the performance of your duties . _. _. .
These duties at the present moment are plain and imperative . 1 st . To show _yeur active sympathy for your persecuted brethren and their families . aad . To calmly but resolutely recommeaca your labours far the recovery of your political franchi & es _. _ss embodied in the People ' s Charter . The viotirns are numerous and daily increasing It is melancholy to reflect oh the too probable fate of too man / bereaved families , unless an ample fond ia provided for their , relief . But I have no hope of seeing snob a fond established unless the _maebinery of a powerful Chartist organisation is called into existence ; With such machinery the oolleotion of rands would be comparatively easy . Again , early in the ensuing session an attempt should ba aide in Parliament to procure , if possi
To The Working Classes. ' Words Are Thin...
ble , a curtailment of the sentences passed on—and an amelioration of tbe treatment of the incarcerated and expatriated victims . The maohinery of a national combination will he necessary to get up memorials , _eddrease * , < fcc . Sympathy for the viotirns should , therefore , be of itself a sufficient incentive to cause you to rally round the New Executive , and the newly-adopted Plan Of Organisation . But , if you possess the hearts and souls of men , your own emancipation will be the prime motive of yoar renewed exertions to carry the Charter . When tha working men of other nations offer their blood for holy _liberty , surely we may give a few sweat drops . On the continent thousands have
already laid down their lives , and tens of _thonsaeda more are ready to walk in the footsteps of the martyrs , and shall we , 01 my countrymen , shall we not make the amall sacrifices whioh , if generally offered , woald suffice to achieve oar political redemption ? If we will not do the little required of as to _enablB us to bunt our chains , then , indeed , we shall well merit the pitiless tread of our maBters , and that worse doom , the contempt and scorn of oar brethren throughout the world . The Stab , of Saturday last , contained an Address from tbe Chartist Executive , appealing to all who hold and cherish the principles ef Chartism for the means to commence the new year with a renewed
campaign for the Charter . 1 earnestly trust that that appeal will be responded to . The offering required will enable tha Executive to take active measures for the propagation of Chartism without waiting for the slow returns provided for in the rules of the Association . Indeed , if armed with the means of re-creating an agitation for the Charter _, tha' slow returns' may ba immediately transformed into quick returns . Armed with funds , the Exeoutive will ba enabled to send forth lecturers and ' agents , who will everywhere organise tbe friends of Democracy , and who in their turn will , as soon as organised , supply the chiefs of the Association with tbe means of earning on ihe straggle .
Entertaining these views , I hold tbat every true Chart ' s " : oagbt— and I am persuaded that every true Chartist will subscribe to the national
NEW YEAR'S GIFT , for tho advancement of our holy cause . Let every Democrat give his mite . Let the Chartist councils aud _oommittees at once set about the good work of providing trustworthy agents to collect the _sabsorip tions . Let the resoluliea be universal to devote Sunday , the last day of this memorable year , and Monday , the first day of January , 1849 , to the collection ofthe patriotio offering for tha Charter . ' England expects that every man will do his duty . ' _Bboihib Pboleiirians . I shall devote the remainder of this letter to a concluding notice ef the Memoirs of CiHten Caussidiere . Last Saturday ' s Sub contained ( iu tha Review page ) sn extract describing the unfortunate affair of the 15 _; h of May . It will be remembered tbat the accusatory resolutions adopted by the National Assembly against Citizeh Catjssidibrk , oharged him with being concerned in the manifestation of that day . A earefal peroral of the exile ' s account of bis
conduct on that occasion has served bat to confirm the previous conviction I entertained of his perfect innocence ofthe oharge fabricated by bis enemies . No unpr * judiced person can read the _ex-Preh ot ' a frank and straightforward statements without ooming to the conclusion , that so far from participating openly or secretly in the assault on the Assembly , he regarded that assault as moat injurious to the cause of the trae Republic—a matter to be deplored by all _honert democrats . , Ob the evening of the 15 th of May , the Prefeot of Police was summoned before the Executive Commission . He attended , at the cost of gr ? at personal suffering , fer he had been unable to walk far many days previous , owing to a contusion of the right knee . He was told by Garmbr Pages that the Assembly demanded his dismissal . _Caussidibsb defended himself , but added that he was quite ready to resign his office . Eewas answered , tbat the Exeoutive decided to retain his services as Prefect of Police .
. The members of thB Commission appear to have acted a double-faced part . They made solemn promises'to Cau 3 sidikrb ( ia tbe presence ol witnesses , ) guaranteeing the proper organisation of the Repub . lican Guard ; and , trusting to those _promises , he consented to retain his ofloe of Prefect . The next day ' s Mo . iiibur , which should have exhibited the realisation of the pledges given by the Commission , contained instead an order fer the disbanding tf the Republican Guard , the Montagnards , dso ., _eccompanied by a decree authorising tbe establishment ofa totally different force . This act of double dealing was appropriately followed up by sending a hostile
force of the Garde Nationals and Garde Mobile , witb two pieces of artillery , againat the * Prefecture , to dislodge the men whose only crime was tbat ot being too thoroughly Republican to Bait the taste ef the Commission , and the designs of the Anti- Republican majority in the Assembly . Sick of the faithlessness of the Commission , _Causstdiibs threw ap his Prefectship . His leave-taking with bis faithful guard was a sorrowful one .. ' They were , ' says he , ' not soldiers , that were leaving me , bnt brothers , friends , in whose o mpany I had safely csme ont of many dangers . It was a cruel moment ! Many of them Isaw * for tho last time—they fell io the days of June . *
Citizen _Caussimbbs ' s account of the receipt and disbursement of the publio monies at the Prefeoture , during his three months of office , will be read with unalloyed satisfaction by his friends , and cannot fail to command the ( it may be _enwilline ) respect of even his enemies . A letter from Lamariire testifies to the honesty , ability , _and-MreTgy displayed by Citizen _CAusfiDiEBE during his tbree months of power as Prefeot of Police . On resigning his _Prefeotahip , Citizan _Catjssqierb also resigned his seat in the Assembly . At tbe Jane election he was re-elected at the head of the list , hiB name commanding 147 . 000 votes . The terrible con-bat ef Jane , Citizen _Caussidiebb rightly names tha insurrection of despair . '
I have repeatedly commented on that extraordinary insurrection , and I have always defended the insurgents . I find nothing in Citizen _Caussnnm ' _s book to make me regret that defence , but much the _reveras . Honour to the martyr-heroes of June ! Acoused by _Omluw Babboi ' s Inquisition , and proscribed by the votes ofthe reactionary majority in the Assembly , Louis Blanc and _Catjjsidibbs withdrew from Franca for a time , and tcok refuge in thiseeuntry . . The exiled patriots took this step most unwillingly , but I think most properly . Their friends rightly argued tbat to remain in Paris would be to increase the number of hostages already handed over to the _reactioniats .
Cifcaa CAvasmiBSB concludes bis Memoirs with an earnest and eloquent prayer for the speedy ' realisation of the Democratic and Sooial Republic ' Citizen _CiussiDreBE _' s Memoirs faithfully image their author . The book is a picture of the manfrank , _hesrty , and honest . . Though no youth , Citizen GAr / sro > n * RB is yet young enough to give promise bf many years' service in the ranks of Democracy : He very properly belongs to 'the Mountain , ' for in person he is a mountain of a man . His appsarance is the personification of good faith , good humour , and kind-hearted . Bess * , and to him may be justly applied the words of the rhymer : — If to his share soma human errors fall , Look on hi- face and you'll forget them all !'
Since August last both Louis Blanc and _Cacssi-Dmus have been sojourners in this metropolis . They await the summons of their judges to return to their own country . On the day of trial they will face their accusers , aud defend their acts and their principles . That they may triumph oyer their enemies is the sincere wi 3 tt of every English Democrat . L Ami du _Peuple . December 20 th , 1818 .
Cholera. On Saturday, Tho Following Fres...
CHOLERA . On Saturday , tho following fresh cases were reported to the Board of Health :-Limeheuse , 1 fata ; Bromley St Leonard ' s , 1 ; Wandsworth , 2 , 1 fatal ; Whiteohapel , 1 fatal ; Nordelph , 1 ; Sunderand , _, fatal ; Monkwearmoutb , 4 ; Hertford , 1 fatal ; _Edinbttfgh ' _lS _. _- Glasgow _, 31 , 10 fatal ; _Maxwell-town , ll . o fatal ; St _Ninfiis by Stirling . 1 ; Old _Kilcatr ck 7 , 3 fatal ; _Treaant , 2- KirkmWoch , 1 fatal ; Binttle , 2 , 1 fatal ; Glenoairo , 1 _«¦« . Total new cases , 80 ; 26 deaths . _ _ . . . . On Monday , the Board of Health received reports of the following fresh cases : —Lambeth , lfatal ; Poplar , 1 fatal ; Stoke Newington , lfatal ; _Wandswoftb , 2 , 1 fatal ; Hackney Road , 1 ; Cambridge , l fatal * . Monkwearmoutb 8 , 1 fatal ; Edinburgh ,
, 8 . 4 fat & l - Glawiow , 34 , 19 fatal ; Damfeieaand MaxvralLtown . 12 . 6 fatal ; Falkirk , 3 fatal ; Prestonpans , 11 , 8 fatal ; Prestooclerk _j 1 ; Castle _Dauglag , 2 fatal ; Greenock , 1 ; Thorobill ( Morton ) , . 1 ; New Kilpatriok , lfatal ; Old Monkland , by 'Coatbridge , Lanark , 12 fatal . Total , 99 ; 60 deaths . On Taesday , the Board of H-alth reserved _repaits of ths following sew cases : Whiteohapel , 7 ; Bromley St Leonard ' s 1 ; Islington , 1 fatal ; Wandsworth , 1 fatal ; Liverpool , 7 , 6 fatal ; Edinburgh , 17 , U fatal ; Glasgow , 19 , 26 fatal ; Maxwell town , 1 | 8 fatal ; _Clossburn , 1 . Total , 132 , 53 d _*> aths . _* -Yes terdav ths Asheny , convict ship , from Woolwioh for
flobart Town , arrived at the Quarantine brom-ri , Motherbank , having cholera on board . The surgeon of the Victory , fl _» g _* Bhip at Portsmouth , was sent off to render assistance . —It will he seen that our Dublin correspondent reports five fatal cases as having occurred at Belfast . . ¦ Wednesday tho Board of Health received reports of the following new cases : —Wandsworth , 1 fatal ; Chelsea , 1 fatal ; Castleford ( Pontefact ) , 2 1 fatal ; Monkwearmoutb , 3 , 1 fatal ; Cowea / Isle et Wight ) , 2 , 1 fatal ; Scotland , viz . : Edinburgh , Y , 4 fatal ; Glasgow , 69 , 30 fatal ; Maxwelltown , 7 . 4 fatal ; Buittle , 1 fatal ; Prestonkirk , 1 fatal ; _Prestonpsus , 5 fatal ; Kelso , 4 . _Totalcew eases , 101 ; 50 deatbj _* _.
The National Mode Op Permanently And Pea...
THE _NATIONAL MODE OP PERMANENTLY AND PEACEABLY ADJUSTING THE PRESENT DISORDERED STATE OF EUROPE . " Second Section . Liw 8 .. 'Every one shall have _eajual and full liberty to express the dictates of his conscience on relig ious and all other subjects . "
REASONS POR THIS LAW . - Any thing short of this liberty is tyranny of the most demoralising * character , and the father of falsehood . The law of God on this subject is , that man forms not his own opinions ; he is compelled to have them by the strongest conviction made on his mind , and his . mind is created for him . No man has therefore any just right to say to another , " You shall not think your own thoughts , but mine . " This is contrary to nature ; and the laws of God declare that one man shall have no more power over the thoughts of another than that which fair
argument , expressed in the _spirit of charity , based on the knowledge of the true formation of opinion , shall g ive him . . Truth can never become the _language of the world until this mental bondage of one man s thoughts to another shall be altogether abandoned . The _language of the mind and heart is . always a delightful language to humanity , and it is : the only language of reason and _rationaUtel - Law 9 . * ' No one shall have any _otnfflfcpower than fair argument to control the Opinions and belief of another . ' '
The reasons for this law are included in the preceding . X 3 w 10 . * ' No praise or blame , no merit or demerit , no reward or punishment , shall be awarded for any opinions or belief . "
REASONS FOB THIS LAW " . The laws of God declare that man cannot form , or of himself , change his opinions or belief ; that they are therefore , in every case , created for him . It is most irrational , then , to attribute praise or blame , merit or demerit , or to reward or . punish men for the opinions which , b y their nature , they are compelled to have . And yet the ignorance of man o , n this subject has produced , through the ages which have passed , more division ofmindand feelings , and more violence and crime , than any other error of our inexperienced ancestors . It has destroyed all moral and mental charity , and made man far more irrational in his conduct to
man than any other animal to its own species . This error , also , must be entirel y abandoned , before there can be any chance for the language of truth to be introduced among the human race . Law 11 . '' But all , of every religion , shall have equal right to express their opinions respecting the Great Creating Power of the Universe , and to worshi p that Power , under any form and in any manner agreeable to their consciences , not interfering with the equal ri ghts of others who may deem all such worshi p useless or irrational /'
EEA . S 0 NS FOR THIS LAW . The existing reli gious impressions over the world have been the natural effects of the circumstances of latitude and longitude , acting upon the easily impressible young mind trained within their influence . The inhabitants of these districts have , through this process , with comparatively few exceptions , been made conscientious disciples of the religions taught in their respective localities . They could not avoid having these impressions made upon their minds , and they are blameless for them . It
would be therefore cruel and unjust to prevent any of these persons from expressing their conscientious impress ' ons or from following their respective modes of worship . The Jaws of God declare that man has an eternal right to express his thoughts , and to act according to the notions of right which have been given to him ; therefore , openly to- speak his belief , and act accordingl y , and not to prevent any others from having the same liberty , however widely the thoughts and actions , if not injurious in practice , may differ from those which he has been compelled to receive . This knowledge of the true formation of opinions is the
only foundation for universal charity , and kindness , and forbearance among men . No mere precepts can create these godlike virtues j they never have existed upon earth ; they never can be formed under the laws of man . It is useless to expect to see them in practice until those uncharitable and unkind laws shall be abandoned , and superseded by the all-merciful , benevolent , and wiae laws of God- —not until those laws shall become the laws of the world , and govern all the thoughts and actions of men . Then there will be true mental liberty , and pure charity , undefiled by the ignorant laws of our early inexperienced
ancestors . Third Section . The Principles and Practices of the Rational Religion . Law 12 . " That all facts yet known to man , indicate that there is aa external or internal cause of all existences , by the fact of their existence ; that thiB all-pervading cause of motion or change in the elements of the universe , is that incomprehensible Power which the nations of the world have called God , Jehovah , Lord , & c & c . ; but that the facts are yet unknown to man which can enable him to define what that Power is . "
REASONS FOR THIS LAW . The irrationality , insanity , disunion , and miseries of human existence , have chiefly arisen from the most crude and wild notions of men respecting the active power of nature , of which they are at this day as ignorant as when they first began to conjecture upon a subject so far , hitherto , beyond their capacity to
discover . The priesthood of the world have led mankind so far astray on this subject , that they have misdirected and stultified the reasoning faculties of the human race , and filled their minds , at various periods , in different divisions ofthe earth , with all manner of absurd inconsistencies . They and their disci ples have written and spoken of a Power to which they have , through a wild and disordered imagination , attributed their own feelings , thoughts , and conduct , although they have ever been most ignorant of every attribute of that Power , and have never possessed the slightest knowledge of what it may be .
To day—after the unnumbered ages which have passed—after the millions of works written upon the Bubject—after the innumerable sermons preached ' respecting it—after the torments which have been insanely inflicted upon the conscientious , the sacrifice in religious wars of human life beyond estimate , and a senseless waste of the wealth of society to support idle or ill-occupied inquisitors , bigots , fanatics , and visionaries , to establish and
extend one set of absurdities , in opposition to others equally , or more or less absurd—all that the whole experience of the past has disclosed to man ' s capacity is , that some Power to continue nature in its onward progress , exists from necessity , but what that Power is no man has yet discovered , and all the sayings of the past on the subject are mere human sounds without meaning , and serve only to expose the extent o £ man ' s irrationality .
The discovery of this important truth indicates that the period approaches when the human intellects shall be relieved from this insanity , and when man shall be disabused of this stumbling block to his onward progress towards the attainment of real knowledge , _^ shall be enabled to become a rational being . < ThuswilUhe Creating Princip le of the universe , to which man can do no good , cease to be the cause of hatred , anger ; disunion of mind , and uncharitable feelings among the human race . Thus will the obstruction be removed which prevents charity , and kindness , * - and union being created , peace becoming universal , and happiness everlasting l y progressive .
The National Mode Op Permanently And Pea...
An abstract name to which no definitive rati onal idea can be given , will thus cease to be , as it has been heretofore a firebrand , burning up the universal love . of humanity , and destroying the germs of charity and unity between man and man ; charity , union , and love , without which virtues human existence becomes a curse instead of a blessing . Robert Owen . [ To be concluded in next Saturday ' s •¦ Star . ' ]
Ireland
_Ireland
Mb Dum'a Triii. The Absurd Mandate Ef Ju...
mb _Dum ' a TRiii . The absurd mandate ef Judge Perrin , with referonce to the publication ofthe proceedings in this case by the Dublin papers , has been insisted npon , and the consequence is thatthe FREBMi . v has come out daily with blank columns where the report shonld have been . The following is from the Morniko Hebald _, by ' our owa reporter * : — ' The oourt sat at ten o ' elock on Monday , when Charles Gavan Duff ; was arraigned .
' The oourt gave judgment against the nrissner on his motion to quash the new indiotment , 'Judge Perrin said , that the ' prisoner had been oalled upon to plead to au indictment , found by the grand jury of tf'e oity , charging him with felony , in compaaaing to depose the _Qasea , and levy war against her Majesty under the statute of the last _sesEion . The prisoner had moved , through his council , that the indiotment be quashed on the ground that another indiotment was pending charging the same offence , found by the grand jury for tbe county of Dublin , and preferred against the prisoner under the 6 th of Geo . IV ., oh . 51 . It was now contended that the Crown were bound io abide by the first indiotment bo found by tbe county grand jury , and coold
not try the prisoner under the indiotment found by the oity grand jary , therefore the indictment onght to be quashed . It was plain upon the authorities that there was na legal objection to the Crown availing itself ofa bill of indiotment found by the city grand jury while another indictment was pending , but the Court were brand to proteot theprisoner from Buffering any disadvantages , or being tried a _secend time for the same offence , There were clear authorities establishing that the mere fact of the existence or pending of another indiotment for the same offence was not a sufficient _greund for odlingupon the Court bo quash a fresh indiotment . It was ao ruled in a case referred to in' The King v . Strata , ' cited by Mr Butt , the caae of' The King v . Wells , ' 3 d Burrows ,
and also in lst _Blaakatoae ' _s * Reports . It was not illegal , as appeared by the authorities to which he had referred , before the statute , to have a second bill found , so that it seemed difficult to hold that where there was no provision in the aot they Bhould imply the existence of a provision restraining the Crown from preparing a second bill in the place where the _offsnoa was committed , and where upon further consideration and reflection the first officer of tbe Crown _mifcht deem it fit and proper to proceed . No donbt the Court , at the aame time , would take care to prevent any oppression , or any vexatious use or abuse of the proceeding ; bnt no authority was adduoed to show that one of several indictments ( where more than one had been preferred , as in the oase of a larceny in a stage coaoh ) was either invalid or better than the other . He was ef opinion that there was nothing in the statute prohibiting the Attorney
General from sending up a ireah billot indictment in the county of the city , although a bill of indiotment had been found , or might be found , in the county . He did not think that the Court oould imply a provision the effect of which' would ba to deprive the Crown of the power of enforoing the due _administratien of justice by preferring a fit and proper bill if it were the opinion of the responsible advisers of the Crown that that was the preferable coarse to take . Hia Lordship then prooeeded to Bhow that the indict ment was only _oae-third the liie of the previous indiotment , and neither the Court nor the council could objeot to the indictment up _9 _& the ground of its brevity . It appealed to the court that the application was one of rlist impressions , and as the prisoner wonld not be in any manner prejudiced by tbe trial , it felt it to be its duty to refuse the motion . Baron _Riohards concurred in tho judgment delivered by the senior judges .
Mr Duffy here addressed Judge Perrin , and observed that it would be a serious injury to him if hiB lordship refused to withdraw the order whioh he had made on Saturday—namely , that the proceedings Bhould not be published , Judge Perrin said that be oould not hear the prisoner through counsel and for himself , Mr Butt , Q . C ., one of Mr Duffy ' s counsel , here addreBBed the Court . He said it was irregular for any one ta address his lordship upon the subjeot ; but he understood his client to be desirous that hia lordship would not carry out his order prohibiting the publication of the trial till it bad terminated . Judge Perrin . —We oannot comply with tho request , The prisoner was then called npon to plead .
Mr _O'Hagan , ene of hia counsel , handed to the Clerk of the Crown a plea in abatement , on the ground tbat the prisoner could not be oalled upon te plead , inasmuch as two of the grand jury by whom the bills had been found—namely , Walter Sweetman and Patrick Boylan—were not at the time _iahabitants and freemen of the oity of Dublin . The case was then adjourned from two o ' clock to five to give the counsel for tho Crown an opportunity of considering what answer they would give to tha foregoing plea . At five o ' olock the law officers ro turned into court , and wero informed by their lordships that as they had taken up another case ( ene io whioh a woman was oharged with having poisoned a man namod Thomas Nolan ) , they Bhould postpone
tbe further hearing of the arguments in Duffy ' s case till the folio wing morning ( Tuesday ) Judge Perrin threw out that as the Court would protect the prisoner from being injured by the existence of another _indiotmeut , it was for tbe Crown to say whether a nolle prosequi should not be entered upon Doblis , Dsc . 20 . —The argument of tho plea in abatement proceeded yesterday morning , and will last during the day . The Attorney Genoral entered a demurrer , and contended that the common law or the statutes did not disqualify _jwoia from having any freehold in the oounty for which they were em pannellel in the counties of cities , and towns , nor need they necessarily be inhabitant ! , provided they
resided therein , that is , transacted their business , or held their places of business , in the oounty , in the body of whioh they ware empannelled ; that at oommon law every loyal subject was qualified who dwelt within the body of the county . Should thiB q aestion be decided as it is generally presumed it will , in favour of the prisoner , tho effect will be atrange and embarrassing to tue orqwn . This is the third commission Binoe Mr Daffy wis first indioted , and under the Habeas Corpus Act he is entitled to be now put upon his trial , admitted to bail , or dis charged . As " regards the second indiotment yet subsisting , that found iu the county , the crown seams already to abandon it , and both grand juries having been discharged , no new indiotment either in city ot
county , can be preferred at this commission . What _courae then remains to prevent Mr Duffy ' s release on bail , unless , indeed , the powers of the Habeas Corpus _Suepsnsion Aot be invoked against him , aud he shall be continued in prison under a warrant of the Privy Counoil 1 The question ofthe demurrer was argued yesterday by the Attorney General ; and Mr John O ' Hagan , with Mr Nap ier , Q C , supported the plea . Mr Serjeant O'Brien replied upon the part of the orown . At the conclusion ol the argument the court intimated that the question to be decided was too grave , and the authorities quoted on both Bides were of _euch numbers and importance , that they could not be considered and judgment upon them prepared
tomorrow . The court , therefore , will not give judgment to-day , or probably to-morrow . It is likely that the judgment will not be delivered until Saturday , After their lordships had deolared their resolve to ponder on the question , Mr Justioe Perrin adverted to the order prohibiting publication of tbe proceedings . His lordship said that some very fooliBh _strioturea upon the order promulgated by the court had been brought under his notice . He advised these parties to beware . What the court had directed was within its jurisdiction , and it was determined that its legal obligation should be enforced . He cautioned those partiea how they disobeyed the order . > Baron Riohards expressed his concurrence in the
determination ef his learned brother , and in the propriety of the order , and referred to precedents , amongst others those afforded by LordlEBeBbproagh and Mr Justice Holroyd . Mr Duffy then addressed the oourt , said thathe would show that the prohibition of publication wai the oause of substantial injustice towards him . Mr Justice Perrin said the order was made aawell for the protection of the prisener as the crown , and » would equa'ly proteot both . If , however , the prisoner had anything to urse against the order , let him instruct hit counsel to out it forward , and the oourt would give it due weight , _otherwiBe they could not hear anything against the order . 68
TBE -. _XTK-. KIHA . TIN _* TTEH . The evictions _8 Hd honBe . leveHlng do not oeaio In aotivity . At Ardn & _sruiha , a little _basalet about two miles from Limerick , twenty booses were levelled on Monday , Thousands of tbe fertile acres of Tipperary are waste , aud these are _Increased eaoh day by farther _eWotions . The case Is the same ln Limerick and in Clare , We find datlj announcements ol large farmers running away , and sweeping all wltb tbem . They grow alarmed lest their turn may soon come , and they evade the fate of others by dishonestly leaving tbe land naked on tbe _Unnloids' hnnos . A , few days since , In a district of Clare , while the farmers were at market with their produce , tbe landlord's agents descended en tbe farmers with a large body of armed followers , and withont legal process or authority ef any hind , It Is said , swept away all the stock on the land to satisfy the landlord ' s olsims ,
On tbe other side of the picture we find that a tenant , holding ninety-seven tores of Und , bad sold off everything , and , with the whole of the produce ( a his pocket ,
Mb Dum'a Triii. The Absurd Mandate Ef Ju...
bad reao _iod L _' . m riek , to emigrate , when ho wss _arrjfii'ednttbe « _ult ofh ; s landlord ond other _crtdlttr _* . A femBl " , a tenant of Mr M . _Daweon Tipperary , stnited a few days sinoe with oil h * r property , for America , owing £ 200 , A . t the last meeting of the Kilrush guardians , a family of fix ohildren -ought admittance to the work _, houso , whose parents had _de-erted them , fl / lng to Amerloa _HoaaiBts _Mdsdbb , C * t _'* _jtt < 3 ai , wat . —It appears that In a village called Ii _' _ohcehavally , _cmwnitnt to Castlelambert , resided a family named Holland , the eider of whom , Patrick , on tbe 24 th June las ' . , went to Eagland for tho purpose of seeking employment , _leaving at bis house a yonnger brother , named _Micbae " , and a sister
aged abont 24 , together with twe children . _Dutlag bis absence , up te the 12 lh of September , rnmour bas It , that a boy In tbe village , alio named Holland , was paylog his addresses to tbe sister , and goes so far as to say that they were on terms of the greatest _Intlnucy , much to _theannoyssoe of tbo yeanger brother , who was _deposed nee to allow a marriage _allianoe—the _cocttguecoe being that brother and sister lived on the wont possible terms . However , on Patrick Holland's return , ths usual weleome from a sister to an absent brother being passed , and all apparently much satisfied and delighted to see eaoh other , he naturally inquired for Michael , whom he wondered not to see beforo him , bnt tbe sister replied that , three days previously to bis arrival , he left for America , and that sha , to defray the expense of the
ro'age _, gare him thirteen guineas . Tils quieted all mind a little , until he saw the clothe ? of his brother on the lover , whioh caused further inquiries , which were also set at rest by telling him that tbe brother Michael , thought them not worth carrying across to the New World , bat gave thtm to bin-, Believing this , all remslnsd shrouded In _mysttry until last week , when he commenced clearing aa nnoccopled _opar'raeEt In the house ia consequence of a smell which be dally fonnd on entering for his farming _impli ments . After removing tome fonr or five carts of building materials , wbich wera heaped In a corner , to hli _astonishment and horror ha found the mangled corpse of his brothor . Not being able to _aeaount for tht , untimel y fate of the deceased , he ¦ ought advice of bis unolo and grandfather , who on hearing the melanoholy news recommended , for tho oharaoter of the family , the houso to bs thrown down .
and the rums heaped on the spot to conoeal the body . But the efl cted brother very properly differed in opinion with his aged friends , exposed the matter to the authorities to bave tha vengeance of tbe law fall upon tbe perpetrators of eo barbarous an act , and tbat tho murderers of his brother should aot escape with impunity . _Eavlog oome to Atbenry he brought with him head constable Ramsey , in whose pretence the remains of tha murdered man were lifted frem tbiir place of concealment , and an inquest having been held , a verdict of Wilful Murder was returaed against the sister and her lover . Oa leaning the above faots , we Inquire ! mora particularly and heard thai the lover refused marrying tbo sister of the deceased , and that sbe a _ftw days Binso eloped with another , who , on hearing of tha murder aod ef tbe suspicion whioh rested upon her , also abas _, doned ber . She has sines evaded tbe polled , bat ' they succeeded in arresting the nnfortnnate first lover . ?
_Sioan LJ . 3 T Wm —The accounts from all parts of tke country bear testimony to the severity of the storm of Friday last , The casualties by sea and land appear te have been very numerous . _enoisaa in BKmsT . _> On Saturday and Sunday no less than five oases , all fatal , were reported in the workhouse of Belfast , ' and there _sstmi every probability of its extending in the _haua ? .
THE O 0 HIUIR 8 IN AWTfilU . Messrs Owen aad Glilan , from Lonien , two of- tha proprietors of the Ballycastle and _Meirlougb Bay Col . lieries ( North Antrim ) have had an interview with his Excellency tbe Lord Llentenast . A new asd interesting product of the Irish peat , resembling spermaceti In quality and _appearance , and which had been used for tbe manufacture of candles , wss exhibited to hts lordship , HOW TO IHP 3 DVS IBII . 1 ND . ilr John Rowland , merohant , ot _Colloa , observing the distressed condition ef the weavers of that town and
district , oommenoed the linen _msnafactore , and now employs upwards of 000 looms—tbree hundred of whleh belong to this town . If we average ths f _amUles of these 300 men thus employed at three eacb _. ' we find this en . _terprlsisg gentleman affording means of subsistence to 1 , £ 00 individuals , wbo wonld be otherwise _destitute and a burden ob the ratepayers of this town . It is gratifying to learn that _llr Rowland has increased not only tbe demand for Irish linen in the English market , but alio Its oharaoter for quality , TBS _XoTATOUT _r-ABLLiSBBTS -. _OITATIOW .
The first publio meeting of the asseciation for repeal _, log the union end establishing a system of rotatory par . _liameBts was held on Mosday , at the _Northumberland Building . The meeting was oalled for half pastone o ' olock , bnt as t _* cere were not more thoa half . _a-dczsn gentlemen present , the ohair was not taken for nearly an hour afterwards . Amongst those'present were Lord Wm . Fitzgerald , Lord _Uasaareene _, Sir M . Chapman , * r 7 , 8 . Crawford , E « q ., M . P ., H , M . Pigot , _E-q _., J , L . Kapler , Esq ., and aboat twenty other _gentlamen . Lord Wm . Fi _zrerald having taken the chair ,
Captain Robinsen read some remarks in reference to the letters which the association bad received in reply to their circular . Seme correspondents deolined to join , the association , because they did not go the _Wbolej length of demanding a _repeal of the union , others be . cause they ( the association ) went too far . Oa the whole , however , they had _svary reason to be well satisfied with the success of the project si far . The petition had already received 540 names of highly _respectabia persons . Ifr W . 8 . Crawford , M . P ., moved the first resolution , wbicb was to tbe _effect , — ' That the present mode ol legislation for Ireland is at the root of all difficulties under which tbe couatry la boars . ' The hon . member for Roohdale spoko at length ln support of his proposition .
Lord Jiaisareone seconded the motion , which passsd , The following resolutions , prepared by the committee , were submitted to the meeting , — ' That amongBt the maay striking instances of _nigleet of Irish _eS-lra may be enumerated the various attempts which hare bten made by Irish _mombers in tbe Imperial Parliament to amend the laws relating to our medical charities , in which patriotic effor : s they hare entirel y failed , owing to the anxious endeavours to placa thea * charities nnder the peor law commissioners—to the entire obstruction for fourteen years of a measure of the most vital
importance to Ireland . " ' That tha present moit et legisla . tion for Ireland tends to alienate tba _sffctions Jof her people , to prevent their Industry aad self-reliance , asd would bo impolitic even in a reoently conquered country . ' ' That the waste lands of Ireland offer a vast field of remunerative employment for her unemployed population , while the disappointment and the _masy abortive attempts that have been made to leiiilato on the subject in the Imperial Parliament , sitting at Westminster , furnishes another argument for a meeting of the fmp : risi Parliament In Dublin . ' and ' agreed to .
STATE OF CAVA * _COCKTT , A looal Conservative journal , the _Amolo-Gelt _, laments that tbe voluntary assessment system , to exteni _employmsnt and thus dimln ' . _ah poor rates , _< _aas not beeu tskert up generally In that county . Only four electoral dlvU . slons have carried out the principle , because , says that t journal , ' It is only evil that ts catching in Ireland . ' ' Here Is tbe state of Cavan , as described by the _Asaw . . Celt : — ' What a _melancholy picture does Cavan present at i this preaent momest ! ' A half-starved , half-clothed 1 peasantry , k ? pt alive by a growing poor rate , the . land i _nntilled , the labourers idle , farmers sinking into paupers ; )> landlords melting away into thin air . Are there anf *" landlords in Civan * Yes , _half-a-doxjn , perhaps—or it it
may be same eight stout-hearted gentlemen , who still II reside on their estates , and manage—God _kcows how— . ¦» to bold their heads above water . The rental ef the ie county Is large , bat the proprietary Is small ; at . lent , t , if we may judge from _appearances , and 'de tion _eppa . t _> _f'ni & _us tt _non _sxiit-ntiliH- e & dem est ratio , ' Wo mnst uot 9 t be understood as Hiihing to lay under one sweeping _cen- asure all tbe landlords now absent from tbeir post . ' No- athing could be more unjust . Some of them are kept pft away by circumstances over which they havo not , nor or ever bad , the slightest control . How could the ' most « t self-denying landlord who bad an estate , say of tea en , thousand a-year . mortgaged to _tbree-fonrtba of ite value , ie , stand against tbe taxation consequent upon the potato ito blight I The _utmott each a man could do would ba to to
make the best fight ho could lor a short time ( the _etmggls _$ ls oould not be long ) , aad fall , like Cesar at the foot af af ! Pompoy ' _s statue , decont y . We coald name seme who rho ha 7 o se fallen—men whose bitterest regrets—amid thtiritir miserably straightened circumstances—are not for _them-em-t selves , bnt for tbeir impoverished tenantry , wboje wndi * adl _* tion thoy bad vaioly strained every nerve to ameliorate , ate ,, Si th tmnes . Bat truth compels us to add , ' that ! thermerai is a class of landlords in this country who , though thejtheyi might do mnoh to alleviate the sufferings of their te- te- ' nantry , prefer to do nothing . They oalculate * . verjverji justly , that tbe prese » t state of things cannot last .. _TheThei poor-rate is increasing , and will increase , _p-rhaps * for _sfer ai few years more , to nearly the entire absorption , of thi * _tlui rental . But what of thatt Thty bave other re . re ..
souroes and csn live ont the crisis , In the aeon , time _^ me _,, ' there ts a seul of gdodneBs in things evil . ' Farms aro am _inprocess of consolidation . _Komlnel landlords are bee being < used up , ' and are slowly making wsy for men osn oil eapital and enterprise . Paupers are dying off , or eml eml , grating . In a few years more their estates will be ripe rlpii far _Improve-mant , hot tbe _euipYus population _jaustffHhertflie'r off the land first . Is this the _cold-bloeded polfoy OJy Ci the _laadlords of the _Croitbane division of the _Baiiietailia borough Union ! Our readers are aware thst tint _tlu farmers of that division met some time ego _/ aoi aam passed a series of resolutions calling upon _taelr ' _UmJUtd ! lords to en _er into a voluntary taxation - * ith ther . ' then
for the purpose of employing the able-bodied poor fOor 11 some remunerative labour , Here wis a manly ' efforeffor : in the right direction , originating with the farmers . r " » . II ought to have originated with Ihe landlords / , Bt , Bui though My forgot or Btgleoted tbeir Cu _' y , they pugl pugil to have been at least thankful to their tenants fits f « putting them in mind of It ; particularl y when it _jum-xam-m with their interest . Nevertheless , not one of tbei tbeci with the _exception of Mr Johnston , condescended tded i reply to tbe circulars of the seoretary appointed by t ) by til meeting , or to take the slightest notice of a _morezaeivemen which tbey ought to have encouraged by every tarn tarn In their power , '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 23, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_23121848/page/5/
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