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lit UDKBAH • I iURKMI!! HUlmAH!!!
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1UM.UMUN BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND.
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/4 $/UJ*<£- ~ * ^ AND NATIONAL TRADES' J...
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chairman ofthe ElM- »°- 631. LOHDQK, SAT...
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Tite Ex-Railway luxe—Mr. Iludson has sol...
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POLITICAL ECOp^ir.' ; \.. v . " Uniform ...
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Dkeadfi-l Mim, Accidext AXD LOS3 of Lifu...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Lit Udkbah • I Iurkmi!! Hulmah!!!
lit _UDKBAH I iURKMI !! HUlmAH !!!
1um.Umun Between England And Ireland.
1 UM . _UMUN BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND .
1 TO THE ENGLISH rEOPLE . : Mr _Ktbeau Fbiesds , 1 You / who adopted me when I was exiled imcednced to hear that never , iu the most « H » _£ l _nnios _/ _mos , or i „ the zenith of my _pop _^ rity _tfs _nu _^^ _^ _nSS _^ _^ _T _^^ _^ _PSonthan nit met with on Tuesday ni ght from mv brave OUS
_I _r _J eU _^ _^ _ntrymerj . ft so _overpWred _uae the that I could scarcely speak ; and fc «> _in-JSS - _^ P at I found it difficult to _eyestrain my feelings . However , as the one _fcHmplmig ever uppermost in my mind is the regcneraieration of your order , and as the one thin _* _aaeceaecessai-y for the attainment of that ohject il 1 % sift sincere and- thoroug h union of your order , _II ci curbed my excitement , and explained the ccordcordial sympath y wHcli existed between the _rHTorvrorking classes of both countries .
j , - _^ P _^ _frow _continnousperseeutionthat l fehadhad experienced for fifteen years from the Irish £ a f _^ f _^ f theold school-without the means tofdofdefendmg myseie _, through the Press or _othernnsTOse—Ihadto meet the antagonism and dcmumunciation of the leaders of the new party , _i-wh- ffhicu you will find developed in the following ; artarticle , extracted from the " Nation" of Sa-: _tuiturdaylast , and to which I had neither time no nor opportunity to reply ;—THREATENED _KTERRTJTTIOX . We have learned with extreme astonishment and re regret that some ill-advised or ill-disposed persons th : threaten an interruption of the _Ajrsn-esate Meeting on on Tuesday next .
"During the past week the Conference heard for il ihe first time that Mr .. _Feargr » O'Connor , without -ai -any invitation from them ; had arranged with on _^ of hi his friends here , to come over to Ireland and interp pose in the affairs of this meeting . Few public bodies have rested -under a graver r responsibility than lies upon this Conference . The -n movement they originated has received the support c of the country to an unprecedented extent , the a measures they contemplate are urgently necessary t to the very existence of the people , and nobody is 1 _ignorant how jealous and sensitive arc the preju-< dices against which thev must _sruard to do the
_i work they have undertaken . It was their clear and ] primary duty to take care that the strength -which i the new movement had gathered should not be disi _sipated by any blunder or indiscretion at the Ag-; grcgatc Meeting . Hence this news was heard with unmitigated regret . For it need not be said that there is a wide prejudice among the requ _' sitionists throughout the Kingdom against Mr . Feargus O'Connor ; some few perhaps on account of his opinions , but the vast majority on quite other grounds . The practice of the " Chartists of Mr . O'Connor ' s school to interrupt anti-corn law meetings in England and force their own opinions upon
them by clamour , was not a very promising _antecedent to this move ; and the Conference accordingly ¦ did what had now become their clear duty , but did it in the least offensive way . They sent a letter to "Mr . O'Connor , informing him that for grave and sufficient reasons affecting the cause which he expressed himself anxious to serve , it was their unanimous desire that he shoidd not persist in the course he had meditated . TVe publish the letter in another page . There has not been time for an answer , but we are assured that a little knot of his friends persist in the intention of forcing him upon the meeting at all hazards ; and threaten to interrupt the proceedings for this purpose .
This is an outrage which will rebound upon US authors , at the moment , and for ever after . They tried it upon Cobden and Bright and behold the result . Other parties tried it upon the Confederates and the result too is memorable . But if at this terrible crisis , when men have been slowly and painfully awakened from their apathy to make one more effort for life , their hopes shall be marred even for a moment , to give a . petty personal distinction to an individual , woe to the actors in such a scene —tbeir names shall be infamous in Ireland . To prompt and signal failure on the spot , they will add _xlisgrace that shall not die .
But Mr . 0 ' Connor may be coming as a friend and _tilly ? Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock yon down if they cannot have their own way . If an Irish demagogue , with a band from St . Giles at his heels , rushed into a meeting of the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers in London , Sir Joshua "ffalmsley " would be apt to give such a "friend " to the custody of the police .
We dislike dealing with- personal character ot personal motives ; and we are seriously anxious to avoid unnecessary irritation in this business ; because the new Organisation , so far from provokiu" enemies anywhere , ia anxious to make friends on all hands ; and of all sections of the English democracy among the rest . But alliances and friendships must he spontaneous and voluntary ; the affection or confidence of a people cannot be carried bv rape .
Now , so far from having any , the slightest , -disposition to require more satisfaction for the above introduction upon my return to my native land , than my honest countrymen awarded ine in their hearty and enthusiastic cheers , I bury it for ever in oblivion , presuming ' that Mr . DuEFr , who is a young mau , naturally based his objection to my presence upon long prejudices created hy others ; and , had I taken part for the purpose of disturbing or interrupting that union and harmony of tbe Irish mind which is indispensable for the regeneration of Ireland , I should have been justly _looied upon as a fiend and a traitor—nay , I should have considered myself as one .
I attended the Conference on Monday night , hut , as I pledged myself in the letter which you will see at 'foot , to take no part , I remained silent ; while my heart , and the heart of our young friend Thomas Clark , who accompanied me , jumped with joy when it was proposed hy PATiUCK O'Higgixs , seconded Sad carried , that a FULL , FREE , AM ) fllll REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE PEOPLE IN THE COMMONS HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT should be adopted as oneof the principles of the National Alliance—a resolution which , you are aware , embodies every p rinciple of the Peoples Charter . .... _„ „
The _gentlemen who attended the Conference naturall y looked upon me _™ tj s _« s f ? _°% _™ ¦ consequence ofthe article published _wi the "Nation - " all of them were on the p latform _at the great and g lorious aggregate meeting « n the following night , aud every one of _^ hose prciadiccs I destroyed and dissipated by ray speech—aU shaking me most heartily by both hands , _rejaicingin my presence , and _welcoming me a s their countryman . _Eno-lishmen ! I now see Liberty foreshadowed iu the distance , based upon a union between Se working classes of England and Ireland _Sch bo trickster shall impede , no tyrant shall destroy .
Oh _« what a g lorious thing is a pure conscience and an unassailable character . Just land standing upon the p latform hvmg down „ _dW _standing forward in defiance of all part , _sW > , _X £ > _3 rr for _aiwss of jot _^ : _XS S 5 uC 0 . t aBd Saxon , _^ _Jfts _-E-srsss « T " _i-Itacivs ° vho bas tarn
_puis _^ _- — - . .. _jyjd denomiLuu — dungeon for _^ _tfij a « d _when years , because he stooa _oy it Was Trcason toloveher . And death to defend . " ? " ' _" _mI _^ Su- tZ future prospects /
1um.Umun Between England And Ireland.
chairman ofthe meeting ofthe National Conference , on their behalf , to air . 0 ' Connor : — "National Conference Committee Rooms , " Northumberland Buildins's , Dublin , " November 14 th , ISld . . . . ° ' J r I was communicated to the Conference ol _Nationalists appointed to make preparations for the Aggregate meeting in Dublin on the 20 th inst ,, that it is your intention to attend and take part in the proceedings . As their chairman , I have been instructed to communicate to you the desire of the Conference , that you should not do so . Nothing personally offensive to you is intended by this request ;
but it was the unanimous opinion ofthe Conference that your presence , it approved of by them , would seriously damage thc new Organisation with many persons in Ireland whose adhesion is essential to its success , and retard or destroy the objects which your letter to the secretaries expresses so much solicitude to forward . I may say for myself , that my political opinions _difter little , if at all , from the principles of the Charter , aud that I have no personal prejudice against Mr . O ' Connor ; yet for the weighty reasons , I entirely concur in the decision of the Conference in this matter .
' * I have the honour to he , sir , " Your faithful servant , "Jons JIartis _. T . C , Chairman . " Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . " Sotting-Hill terrace , Notting-hill , London , . __^_ . _November , 16 , 1849 . " Sir , —In reply to yours of the Uth , I beg to assure you that nothing could be further from my thoughts than offering any , the slightest , impediment to the national movement for the regeneration of Ireland , and therefore you may rest assured tbat although it is my intention to attend the Conference , it is not my intention to take any part whatever in its proceedings . " No ; I teel the interest of this movement too deeply at heart to allow any act of mine to impede
or retard its progress , while I think both you , the committee , and the members must admit , that I have aa great a right to take part in Irish politics as any living man ; while I would blush if the indiscreet exercise of that rig ht had impeded the progress of the only movement from which I ever anticipated any benefit to result to my country . " My principal object in being present is to be able , upon my return to England , to announce ihe fact that at length it has been discovered that the cause of the working Celt and the working Saxon must be fought by the workers of both countries ; and however you may rely upon the power of your Irish staff to " achieve your object , you may rest assured that the English people will not lag behind in the march of progress .
" Now , believe what I tell you , after seventeen years * experience—it is , that without the co-operation ofthe English people , the Irish people can do nothing—with it , they can do everything . " It is upon the vile antagonism created between thc people of both countries that both Whigs and Tories have been enabled to hold Ireland in the yoke of bondage . " Thanking you for your communication , "Iremain , faithfully yours , _"Feauobs O'Cosnob . " To John Martin , Esq . , T . C ., National Conference Committee Rooms , Dublin .
FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., MP ., AND THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE . TO THE EDITOR OF ME FREEMAX . " Sir , —Having seen a letter in this day ' s Freemas , signed « John Martin , T . C ., Chairman of the National Conference , " addressed to Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., and also nn article in this day's Nation , in which it is stated ' tbat some ill advised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption to the aggregate meeting on Tuesday next , ' and in another part of the same article it states ' that
Mr . O'Connor may be coming as a friend . Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . ' " Now , to this wanton , indiscreet , ill judged , and , I regret to be forced to add , truculent attack , 1 respectfully request public attention to the following simple statement of facts which cannot be contradicted : — " 1 . I received a note of invitation to attend a meeting at the lYation office , which meeting was , it was stated , to be limited to thirty .
" 2 . I was elected on a committee of nine to consider and report what was the best to be done for the regeneration of our fallen country . " 3 . A new committee was elected by ballot at a subsequent meeting . I was again elected on this committee , and still remain a member ofit . " -i . It was unanimously agreed upon that an aggregate meeting should be called . A printed requisition , setting forth the ohject of the aggregate meeting , was distributed amongst thc members of the conference in order to obtain signatures . I , like others , and in the usual manner upon such occasions , got mine signed by several respectable citizens ; * 1 shall not now slate the reasons several assigned for refusing to sign the requisition . I
wrote to thc country for the signatures of my friends ; from one town I got seventy-nine names . I wrote to Mr . O'Connor for liberty to affix his name to the requisition , and at the same time requesting him to come to the meeting , stating—what I then believed that it was to be , a truly national one—and that I had reason to thiuk a resolution to co-operate heartily with the English Radical and Financial Reformers , would be proposed . Mr . O ' Connor assented . I received that assent on the 7 th inst ., and handed it to Mr . John Martin , T . C ., on the same day . Thc requisition , with Mr . O'Connors name and an extract from his letter , were forwarded to be published in the Freeman ' s Journal _^ by the secretaries . I heard no objection to Mr . O'Connor till Wcdnesdav . the Uth inst ., and that objection
was from but one individual , the writer of this articlein the Nation , who , it appears , is in a fair way to place himself in an unenviable position . " 5 . Can anything be more ludicrously absurd than thc article in the Nation , wherein it is asserted that Feargus O Connor is going' to obtrude himself ' on the aggregate meeting uninvited , while in thc very same paper his name is second to the requisition convening tite meeting . ' This is the first time that a requisitionst was considered an intruder ; however , the longer we live the more we learn . "I shall now conclude by referring to the subjoined letter from Mr . O'Connor to Mr . John Martin which I hope will have the salutary effect of teaching gentlemen the folly of jumping at conclusions _, lam , Sir , " "With great respect , vour obedient servant , " _PAimciiO'HiGGiss .
" 15 , North Anne-street , 17 th Nov ., 1 S 49 . " _T . S . —I hope and trust that my fellow-citizens do not consider me an ' ill-disposed person . "P . O'H . " How , my friends , I have not time to write more , nor is it necessary , further than to assure you tbat no power on earth shall dissolve this veritable union between the working classes of Eng land and Ireland , and upon whose disunion alone the tyrants and oppressors of both countries have ever based their power . Ynuwill find in thc "Star" a full report
of the proceedings , copied from the "tree _matts Journal" of Wednesday morning _^ Your faithful and uncompromising Friend , _Feahgus _O'Coxsob .
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOUENAL .
Chairman Ofthe Elm- »°- 631. Lohdqk, Sat...
ElM- _» ° - 631 . _LOHDQK , _SATiTJtDAX , _KflVEMBER 24 , 1849 . . » . _-aS _^§ i _2 _& _U-
Tite Ex-Railway Luxe—Mr. Iludson Has Sol...
Tite Ex-Railway luxe—Mr . Iludson has sold his Londesborough Estate , his Octon Grange Estate , bought for £ 70 , 000 , and his Ilutton Cranswick Estate , comprising altogether about 16 , 000 acres of land , in the East Riding of Yorkshire , to Lord Albert Denison , late Conyngham , the heir or executor of the late Mr . Denison . He retains now only his Baldersley Estate , which cost about £ 1 * 25 , 603 . on which lie has expended some £ 20 , 000 , and Newby Park , which cost £ 20 , 000 . He has made a small profit on the estates sold , and wants about £ 200 , 000 for the two left . Some will be glad to hear this , as they will expect Mr . Hudson to act liberally , and repav some ofthe sufferers by him a
part of tiieir losses . —Ilerapath ' s Railway Journal . Post-office _Accoi-xts of Great Britain- axd the I / sited States . —The Post-office authorities are now _enn-aged in negotiating with the American _ff 0 i _-ernmentan arrangement for better regulating the accounts upon the international _covrespondence between this country and the United States . The _cniwcstions which have emanated from the authorities here are directed to obviate the present tedious and inconvenient system of making up and train * the American correspondence at Liverpool . It is proposed that either office should account to the otherfor the weight of letters by the gross , and ™ _S hv the individual letter . This system has been odnnted _wiThrlferenco tothe French and English _SrSidSJS _* _bas _W _^ factory .
Tite Ex-Railway Luxe—Mr. Iludson Has Sol...
AGGREGATE " MEETING- OF THE IRISH NATIONALISTS . The _aggregate meeting of Irish Nationalists , convened by requisition , was held in the Music Hail , Lower Abbey-street , on Tuesday night . Admission was by ticcket , and the attendance was very numerous . The building was densely crowded m every part ; the reserved seats were well filled _, and a large number of ladies occupied seats in the boxes and galleries . Before thc hour named for opening the door they were surrounded by large crowds eagerly anxious to obtain admittance ; and when they were at length thrown open , the rush was tremendous , and every available spot was speeaily taken possession of . The proceedings were marked by much enthusiasm , and tho gentlemen principally concerned in originating the
meeting were received with loud cheering and other mamfestatons of applause . Amongst those on and about the platform were John Martin , _T . C ., Arthur Barlow , T . C ., John Hogan Burke , solicitor , Uev . Mr . Fay , C . C ., Kev . _T- _O'Malley , Dr . Carolan , T . C ., James Nugent , P . L . G ., A . R . Stritch . barrister , Rev . J . F . Ennis , Feargus O ' Connor , Esq ., M . P _., 0 . Taaffe , barrister , M . m Leyne , John Lloyd , Fitzgerald , barrister , Richard Grattan , M . D ., J . P ., T . Fitzgerald Strange , solicitor , ( YVaterford , ) Charles Gavan Duffy , John Cashel Hoey , John Magrath , solicitor , George . Washington Vance , E . Butler , M . Tobyn , -T . O ., M . Burke , C . S . Ralph , Jamos Doyle , E . Evans , Patrick O'Uiggins , Ac . The chair was taken at seven o ' clock , bv Dr . Grattan , J . P . '
Mr . Stritch , one of the secretaries , read the requisition convening tbe meeting , and stated that it had received tho signatures of eighty dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church , of 110 Roman Catholic curates , of twenty-two of the regular clergy of the same church , of 120 magistrates , landed proprietors , corporators , and poor-law guardians , of 200 members of the learned profession of 700 land holders and farmers , and of 900 merchants , traders , and artificers . ( Cheers . ) The Chairman , who was received with loud cheers , said , it might not have heen too much to expect that some of the Irish peers or representatives would be present . ( Hear , hear . ) It would not have been unreasonable to think that the landed
nroprietors should be there to identify themselves with a proceeding that was intended to confer benefit upon Ireland , to give the aid of their advice and counsel for its welfare , and to act with one mind for the good of their common country . ( Hear , and _cheers . ) Seeing the absence of such , he took the' chair with some disappointment , lie feared they had little to expect from the peers or landlords ; but they should not on that account despair of the fortunes of their country . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) If those classes did not come forward to aid their country , others would not be wanting to do it ; in the absence of the peers and landlords , they should fall back upon the people . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Thev could _relv wiih _cerfointv
upon the Catholic clergy , who emanated from the people , and sympathised and defended them to the utmost of their power on all occasions . ( Cheers . ) Thc success of that movement greatly depended upon the conduct of those who attended the meeting—much depended upon the feeling of unanimity that he hoped would mark their proceedings . ( Hear , hear . ) That association had no connexion with any other body—it was breaking new ground altogether - — it was endeavouring to revivify the almost lifeless corpse of thc country . The chairman concluded by expressing a hope that the proceedings of the meeting would be conducted with order and decorum , that no offence would be given to any person , and that the resolutions would
receive a cool and calm consideration . ( Cheers . ) Mr . _MAORAin moved the first resolution to the followin g effect : — "That legislative independence is the clear , eternal , and inalienable right of this country , and that no settlement of the affairs of Ireland can be permanent until that ri ght is recognised and established . " The speaker then proceeded to say that native legislation was the right of a nation . There were many impediments standing in their way ; but this Irish alliance were dctcrmmed to persevere until they removed every impediment that stood in the way of national independence . ( Cheers . ) Their worthy and respected chairman had recommended that nothing personal should take place in the meeting . He obeyed that
admonition with respect , and he there tendered the hand of fellowship to every man who united with his fellow Irishmen to advance the rights of his native country . ( Cheers . ) He should not enter into the various topics suggested by the resolution but he would merely say that it was to the poor and labouring classes , and to tbeir interest and their advancement , that this association would mainly look . The rich knew how to look after themselves ; the poor had no one to look after them . ( Hear . ) There was sufficient land and sufficient lahour in the country , but what was wanted was legislation in the country —( hear , hear)—beneficial legislation to direct the industry , the enterprise , and the energy ofthe country in a proper channel .
( Hear , hear . ) When he recollected the men who went into parliament as the assumed representatives of the people , and when he saw those men driving their carriages along the streets and neglecting ihe duties they owed to the people , he felt a _loathcsomeness and disgust at the conduct that had been hitherto pursued in the representative system of this country . ( Hear , hear , j But here were men now assembled on that platform who pledged themselves that they would never accept place , or pension , or power until such time as the rights and liberties ef Ireland were fully recognised and conceded . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) For his part he would willingly rather sit down and mecadamise the streets , for the maintenance of himself and his
family than accept the highest place the government could offer him at the expense of tho interest of his country . He begged in conclusion to propose the resolution he had read . Thrco cheers were then called for , and given for Mitchel ; and three for Meagher . Mr . Letse then presented himself , and iras received with loud , cordial , and enthusiastic cheering , and having read the resolution which he was about to second , said—The famine has not done it—failure in a brave enterprise has not done it—the martyrdom of noblest victims has not done it ( groat cheering )—the gorged vengeance of the law has not done it— the blandishments of power have not done it—the pageantry of imperial state has done
it—calamity , and terror , and discomfiture , have alike been impotent to subdue the heart of Ireland—crush her aspirations for freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) Let this great asssembly , which represents so much of the mind and worth of the country—give to the vrorld triumphant refutation to the gigantic falsehood that Ireland has lost faith in herown redemption . ( Loud cheers . ) And let it g ive heart and hope to her people , that in their present hideous degradation and brutalising enslavement , men hitherto dissociated have abjured , as accursed and sins , their fratricidal cruelties , and will make this nig ht a combined and prophetic pronouncement , that their old land shall achieve a destinv more worthy of her genius , her physical capabilitiesand her ancient renown , than the
rui-, nous provincialism that has rendered her the shame of humanity , the craving mendicant ofthe nations . ( Loud clicers . ) Sir , I recognise as a great truth what has been written hy one whose restoration to the service of Ireland I regard as the salvation of her cause . That now , if ever , it behoves the tnbunitial voice of Ireland to havo a conscience in it . I hold this to be an inviolable precept , and its obligation I must discharge . ( Loud cheering . ) If I thought that in an Irish assembly , it were a disqualification in consideration and confidence to avow a participation in a brave endeavour to redeem our countrv—if I found that to enable me to address you , it needed one word of retraction of former avowals , or an apology for one single act
in whieh in connexion with my illustrious fncnus 1 may have been engaged , —( cheers , )—never , never , though Ireland ' s triumph depended on the ignoble apostacy , would I condescend to solicit a public hearing . ( Great cheering . ) If it be criminality to have dared the last issue for Ireland , and that vou so decree , I glory in the guilt . ( Cheers . ) If it be infamy to have welcomed death , that our country might live in independence and glory , and that you so decree , I am a proud villain . ( Loud cheers . ) If it be an enormity to have imagined for Ireland an era of freedom and power , and that
you so decree , I accept the obloquy . If to have ' bared in the " divine delirium " that sought vengeance on oppressors , and snatched with an holy impetuosity the chastising sword of the Omnipotent , be a horror and a sacrilege , here stands a defiant and exultant reprobate . ( Vehement _eheei--in _« _- ) I thank you for this justice—I thank you for this acceptance of our services , and I promise tbat thoug h we cannot pretend to plead our country ' s rig hts with tho genius of tho eloquence that _signalised our recent history , we shall proudly imitate the devotion and the ardour that have had their calamitous attestation in the dungeon and the hulk . Prostrate as the land now k weakened by direst
Tite Ex-Railway Luxe—Mr. Iludson Has Sol...
want—bereft of her strength by plague and emigra _tion—iiTfisoluto because of senseless divisiontimid , cowcrijur _, _ami almost exanimate—to speak in this assembl y in language of violence _monance , and invite the country to rall y in embattled array tor the conquest of her liberties , would bo braggart buffoonery to which 1 shall not descend . ( Uear , hear . ) Will you aid me in crushing a fiendish conspiracy that has aimed for months to blacken the character of the men now in penal exile ? ( Cheers . ) I have traced these dishonouring accusations to a source so vile , and to motives so despicable , that I _scoi-ne to particularise the ori gin and the object . And surely this is a legitimate appeal ; for if wo be the executors of the civil testament of our martyrs —the mission to redeem Ireland—thev have . too .
bequcatnea to us a sacred trust—their honour and their reputation . Yes , you are the guardians of then- tame . Is thero one man to impeach their exalted rectitude of purpose ? Is there ono man here bold enough to indite them before their country as recrean ts to her cause , as agents of her oppressor ? Is thero hero one accuser to maintain that their sublime constancv was a rehearsed mockery ? Is there one false witness tO allege that the intrepidity with which they accepted , as a g lorious destiny , death for Ireland , was a stupendous and appalling hypocrisy ? Judas , I say , come forth ( Tremendous cheers . ) Oh , my friends , I proudly proclaim that ; if we had no Kossuth in tho council , we had no _Gwrge j in the field or the camp . ( Loud cheers . ) . _^ Vff _, c 6 uld '' j _^* _tfort _fefjw _|^ tvlio we _* to
friendship wind recent attachment . I could not forget those who claimed a vindication from my lips which I had promised to them when we wero huuted outlaws on ihe Tipperary hills . ( Vehement cheers . ) I could not forget my beloved and worshipped friend , Thomas Meagher—the glory of thc youth of Ireland . I could not forget him who flung with a heroic abandonment tlie life of a young heart , brilliant genius , and a princely inheritance into the people ' s cause—I could not forget him whose great hopes I had shared , and in many of whose great vicissitudes I had participated . I could not forget him whose wondrous voice seemed that " larger utterance , " in which some God twined tribune might speak his great revelations and issue his sublime ordinances , or seemed a tongue divine
in which the angels or the stars might syllable their canticles : and thus , Sir , though the fulfilment of this duty necessitated my retirement from public life , I have dared to bear my testimony to my worshipped friend and the partners of his ' fate . ( Great cheering . ) These are our losses and our bereavements , and now for the "Living Land . " Our country yet remains , with beauty to enchant ; with sorrows to endear ; with wrongs to exasperate us . V _* hat tongue shall tell her misery ? The fearful cry of her affliction has penetrated to the world's end . It has drowned the hoarse shoutings of the tempest . It has been heard above the thunderous clamour of tho seas , Its tones of vehement agony have blenched the cheeks of the dwellers in remotest regions . Men have started as if they
listened to the death shriek of thc universe . In the cabinets of princes—in the marts of commerce-in the streets of foreign capitals , her poverty and desolation have been themes of compassion , and have drawn forth the bounty of the Christian , and the surpassing generosity of the unbeliever . " God bless the Turk . " ( Tremeadous cheers . ) The savage in his uncontrolled domain has heard the echoes of that despairful lamentation , human though unknown , and , for the first time , his wild bosom has felt the ignoble sentiment of fear . Wherever the tragic narrative of her woes have passed , the heart of kindred humanity has shuddered , panic-striken , and appalled , Here famine , and pestilence , and law—a trinity of demons—have starved , slain , and scourged our people . They have desolated countless homes .
They have quenched the fires of a thousand hearts . They have driven forth countless children of the soil as ravening maniacs , or imprisoned them in their hells of poorhouses . Sir , I say that thc mi-government of this country , that the _systematized oppression under which this island groans , 8 re a perpetual incitement to insurrection —( hear , hear , and loud cheers)—and I say the responsibility of such a redress would not be with those who suffer , but on those who ruled cruelly and savagely . ( Loud cheers ) . Why , Sir , no revolution , no matter what the anarchy that it produced , could have wrought a more _terrificdisruption of society than injustice and fostered famine * hKye' _^ _ecotnpVishedi _^ Every Interest' is prostrated—one immense ruin is our portion—we are all slaves and paupers alike . The cloud that shuts the
sunshine from the peasant h « t cists now also upon the patrician ' s dwelling the shadow of degradation . Want is no longer the terror of the toiler ' s home alone ; it has invaded the lordly homes of the landlords , and with phantom hand and inexorable gestures motion them to depart . And this is a retributive judgment for the murderous conspiracy against the people . Never—till she tear from its red tabernacle tfee Celtic heart of Ireland , and crush it in bleeding atoma beneath her heel , will she name Ireland a consenting slave or a despised dependant . ( Tremendous cheers . ) We are here to night in no new quarrel with England—we are here to open a new campaign in a time-honoured and immortal contest—we are here as no man ' s rivals for popular favour—we are hear as no man ' s competitors for
notoriety—we are here because we believe it possible to retrieve the past and make a great future for Ireland . We are to proclaim that not the most abounding prosperity which imperial legislation COllId confer—that not the incantations of a minister who deems himself a magician , because he is skilled in the vulgar tricks and jargon of a juggler—that not the glimpses of a sceptre which ior one brief week was substituted for the scourge that habitually symbolised the councils and tlie acts of executive administration—can disenchant Ireland of her passion for independence . ( Enthusiastic applause . ) By nationality I understand an Irish senate , Irish laws , Irish institutions , tho green flagflying freeabove the green land . By it I mean that this country , with an instructed and governing soul should rule
her own destiny , protect her own citizens , foster her own interests , guard her own honour , and write herown history . ( Loud cheers . ) By nationality I mean that tho Irish soil shall have hospitality , and shelter her Irish peoplo . By nationality I mean that Irish intellect shall bo no longer like a vagabond through the universe , but that here art shall build and mould her schools , science rear her halls ; and that in them Irish genius shall pursue the triumphs of investigation ; Irish eloquence preach tlie evangel of liberty , and tho behests of patriotism ; and Irish poesy sing of irish freedom , Irish glory , Irish valour , and Irish beauty . ( Vehementcheoring . ) Courage , old land ! For already the wide world heaves with the throes of a new nativity , and the Maori of the nations shall again worship at the cradle
of democratic liberty , ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Courage , old land . ' For , behold , despite tho atrocities that have rent her gallant bosom , Hungary nurses her purposes of vengeance on her stripling tyrant and thc miscreant ministers of his ferocity . Courage , old land ! For , behold , betrayed France , curses the audacious coxcomb who burlesques the glories of her empire , and sees in the future her proud Republic builded on the tumbled ruins of a foresworn impostor ' s power . ( Continued cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy elder sister , Italy , baptised with her at the same ancient font , sees too , in the future , the dawning of the day when , without degradation or remorse , she may kneel for the benediction ofthe vicegerent of Him _' crucified . Courage , old land ! For to that new world bovond the
western mam , which freedom has all but made her own , the refugees have gone with fiery zeal to proclaim thy wrongs , and to plodgo its freemen to the advocacy of thy cause . ( Loud and prolonged cheering . ) Courage , old land ! For even in the guilty land of Britain , a noble democracy , —democracy though it seek no purple , and aspire to no diadem , is the appointed ruler of thc future—( cheers)—that noble democracy , holding the destinies of Britain in its blistered but honest hand , recognises the validity of thy claims to justice and independence . ( Hear and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy unnatural __ 1 n l p . * * ¦« .. * -i cin iocs
u jjixucsiv , iny oeggarcu aristocracy , who scorned thee as a mother , and lived on thy blood , and tears , and shame , have been hurled from their power , and stricken with retributive impotency . Courage , old land ' . For liberty is more than thc golden vision of the poet—more than the ecstatic dream Of tho enthusiast—more than the gross scheme of the speculator . It is thc augustcst endowment of mankind . ( Vehement acclamation . ) And thy charter to its possession time has not annulled , force has not abrogated , usurpation has not falsified—Heaven has not revoked it , earth has not erased it , hell has not filched it .
Courage , old land ! ( Enthusiastic applause . ) Listen ! thou ' st told me of a trampled land—a land _Subdu'd and seorn'd , whose very soul is how'd And fashioned to her chains : hut I tell thee Of a most generous and devoted land—A land of kindling energies—a land Of glorious recollections ; proudly true To the high memories of her ancient state , And rising in majestic scorn to cast Her alien bondage off . " [ Mr . Leyne retired amidst enthusiastic cheering ] .
Tite Ex-Railway Luxe—Mr. Iludson Has Sol...
Ihe motion was put from the chair , and carried unanimousl y with acclamation . Mr . Fitzgerald _Stuasoe , ( of Waterford , ) came forward amid cheers to propose the second resolution . He felt pride and pleasure in being called on to take part in this great , this glorious re-union of Irishmen . ( Hear , hear . ) He thought much gratitude was duo to those gentlemen who first took upon themselves the task , disheartening as it must have been , . of uniting and . concentrating the scattered fragments of public opinion , and combining them into such a mass of _stren gth and intelligence as that which formed this glorious aggregate meeting . ( Loud choering . ) Mr . Strange proposed the second resolution whioh was as follows : — " That an association to be called ' The Irish Alliance , ' shall be now formed , to take the most prompt and effectivo measures for the protection of the lives and interests of tho Irish people' and the attainment of their national ri ghts , and that theso ' bo the fundamental rules . "
_FUXDAMESTAIi RULES . I . Tho means of the Irish Alliance shall bo the union of all Irishmen , the _concentration of public opinion , and the exorcise of all the moral , social and political influences within their _reatfE II . The affairs of the alliance shall he managed bya council , who shall have power to appoint oftV _cersVfiub-oommittees for special purposes , to calk generaKmcctuigs of tho body , and make bye-laws for the gbvernmfent ' of the alliance not inconsistent ¦ _% ith _^ _the _. ; fanaiiittlm _^' _ii « l « _S _^! _T" 4 _^ _w . _Mf _. of > th _* council of tho Irish Alliance do go out at the end of each half year , but that they be competent to be _re-eloctefl .
HI . The funds of the alliance shall be audited , and the accounts published once a quarter ; and all accounts , before payment , shall he submitted to , and approved of by , the committee of finance . IV . Ko resolution or other business shall be brought before the alliance of which a week ' s notice in writing , posted in the council room , shall not have _I _' CCIl previously given ; and no resolution for _altering any fundamental rule shall he brought forward without having received the sanction ofthe council . __ V . Neither the alliance , nor any member of it , shall be considered to bo bound by any opinion , expressed by any individual , at any meeting thereof .
VI . Each member of tho council shall subscribe a pledge , binding him to refrain from accepting or soliciting place , pension , or patronage , from any English government who will not maKe the object of tho alliance a cabinet question ; and binding him not to vote for or support any candidate for _parliamentary representation who will not take a similar pledge against the solicitation of government patronage ; and that any member of the council who shall be known to have violated this engagement shall be removed therefrom , and from " the alliance . " VII . AU offensive allusions to any other political association shall be strictly prohibited .
VIII . Sectarian or reli gious subjects shall not be introduced into tho proceedings of the alliance , except when it may be required for thc defence of religious liberty , or for protecting and vindicating the inalienable rights and immunities of conscience . IX . That any Irishmen agreeing to the principles and fundamental rules ofthe Irish Alliance , may be admitted a member on being proposed and seconded at a public meeting , and on the payment of a subscription of not less than one shilling . Mr . Strange—That a committeo _oftwenty-one be appointed to manage the affairs of tho "Juish Alliance" for one month , from November 20 th , 1849 , and to nominate the nucleus of a council : — Arthur Barlow , T _. C ,: Henry Gore Carolan . M . D .,
T . C . ; James Plunkctt , T . C . ; John O'Neill , T . C . ; John Martin , T . C . ; Ralph Walsh , P . Johnston , Patrick Murphy , Charles Gavan Duffy , Rev . Mr . Fay , George Washington Vance , John Magrath , solicitor ; Charlton Stuavt Ralph , W . J . " iattcrsby , Doctor West , Edward Trouton , John Williams , Doctor White , Doctor Grattan , J . P . ; Ud ward Murphy , Kingstown . Treasurer—Martin Burke . Secretaries—John Lloyd Fitzgerald , Andrew Russell Stritch , Maurice R . Leyne . Mr . Gavas Duffy then came forward and was received with the most enthusiastic cheering , waving of handkerchiefs , & c , which lasted for several minutes . He said , Yfo . ha-ve _undertaken a grave and weighty responsibility to-day . ( Hear , hear . ) We stand here in the name of a multitude of the best
men in Ireland , to consider and determine -what the interests of our country demand to have done at this hour . ( Hear , hear . ) Twelve months since I stood in the dock of Green-street —( cheers)—lacing the power of the English government , and I declare , before God and my country , that I felt that position less trying and momentous than I , for oi \ e man amongst you , feel this to-day . ( Continued cheering . ) When my beloved _fs-iends touch again the holy shores of Ireland , either they shall hear that one old comrade in their toils is lying below the Irish soil , or I shall be able to say to them , '' Friends , for not one hour of your exile have I abandoned your work—by not one tittle have I altered thc goal towards which wo marohed—in not one single point have I lowered thc claims , the dignity , or thc aim of
our country . ( Prolonged cheering . ) What are thc present and practical objects of the Irish Affiance ? The first object is the land . Thc murder of the Irish people by extermination and exorbitant vents must Stop . ( Hear , hoar . ) If you had seen with your own eyes , as I have soon , what the present system has made of Mayo and Galway , of Cork and Kerry , turning corn fields into deserts , and men into beasts , you would expect fire from Heaven to fall down on the exterminators . ( Sensation , ) One thing wc can do . A committeo of our wisest men , gathering help and information wherever it is to be got , can frame a bill , expressing in clear terms the actual rights and necessities ofthe people . ( Hear , hear . ) Such a bill would unite tho opinion of all just men in and out of the kingdom upon it . For , trust me , when you
have a just , equitable , and conclusive in . mu . YQ to propose half your work is done . ( Loud cheers . ) There ave multitudes of men , both in England and Ireland , impatient to give such a measure their help . Ono other thing wc can do . I am convinced that a majority of the exterminations ave conducted contrary to law , oven as thc law stands . ( Hear , hear . ) I trust wc shall be able to form a committee of barristers , who will contest such cases inch by inch with the exterminator . { Hear , hear . ) I know one district in which the press alone stopped the march of death . ( Cheers . ) I am convinced there are many where law would bo a still more powerful shield . The next ohject of the Alliance is the abolition of church temporalities . I am extremely sorry that a question , associated with so
many sectarian and angry passions , lies in our path . But experience has made it only too plain , that while England has such a garrison in her pay , unity among creeds and classes in this country is impossible . The establishment must fall . ( Cheers . ) First , because it is an outrage on the liberty of conscience —( hear)—secondly , because it is a barrier lying right between thc divided ranks of Irishmen . ( Cheers . ) The third object is the franchise . A public writer has lately said that the electors of Ireland arc in the poorhonsc—in the prison—in exile—or in thc grave . ( Hear . ) The second city in Ireland delivered over to a Tory and Protectionist , is a startling illustration of the condition to which the Irish suffrage is reduced . Happily for our success in winning for the Irish people this
right , a powerful association has been founded in England by Bright , Cobden , and the men who beat the aristocracy of England in their fiercest contests . Thoy have united the whole democracy of England , and with tho help of Ireland , and the natural justice of this cause , f believe we shall soon see it won . ( Cheers . ) The next object is the resources and manufactures of _tlio country . We have been too often disappointed to permit me to indulge in anv extravagant promises on this subject . But I do , for myself , believe thai by going ' deliberately , quietly , and practically to work , by ascertaining what actually can be done , and engag msr private enterprise upon it , we may work a change in the whole face of this country little short of miraculous . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Such are the objects of this new alliance ; and now let us see the rules hy which it is to be governed .
Its means are to be tho means of tho Catholic association , of the Irish Confederation —( cheers)—of thc Irish League —( hear hear)— "the union of all Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , and the exercise of ail the moral , social , and political influences within their reach . " The affairs of thc alliance shall be managed by a council carefully selected from the wisest and best men —( hear , hear)—who adhere to the movement , and that they may be deliberately chosen , a month lias been given for the selection of thc first council . ( Hear , hear . ) Half of them shall go out of office at the end of six months , but be capable of re-election , and thc other half at the end of twelve months , for the purpose of affording recurring opportunities of infusing new blood aud vigour into the governing body . ( Cheers . ) The funds shall be under thc control of a finance committee . Not one penny shall be paid without their order- ( hcar , hear , and cheers ) -and once a quarter they shall submit to a public meeting and
Tite Ex-Railway Luxe—Mr. Iludson Has Sol...
publish an audit of tha- accounts . ( Hear , hear . Among several ordinary fundamental rules I find two others of primary importance . One is a pledge against place-begging . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) No man can become a member ofthe council of this association—Ihear , hear)—no member of parliament iciui receive tho support of this association —( hear , _jhcar)—who does not pledge himself against the base ; practice of trafficking for place with the English ( government . ( Cheers . ) No man can enter our _iconncil chambers who is not prepared to leave be * _Ihind him at the door for ever all . hope of living ¦ upon English gold . ( Load ; : cheering . ) The other _Jrule in these words . _^ _'Alt offensive _iallusiOflS t 0 ¦ an y other political association shall be strictly pro *
_^ _ilh _^ .: ' ., { Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Gentlemen MsK : ' yi > u toadopt the spirit and letter of this fundamental rule ; and I think I am entitled to ask _you < to do this thing . ( Hear , hear . ) Oh ! my friends , there was never on theearth nobler work to be done than will repay your generous endurance . { Heap ,, hear , and loud cheers , ) Here is a great kingdom , with aU ; , its _resourcss in ruin ; and yet awaiting but constructive hands to grow up anew in Stately boauty . ( _Enthusiastlechcers . ) Will you be the _ai'chitocts—will you be the workmen ? ( Cries of " _-ybs-, " ) For myself there is one blessing before all others that I ask from Heaven—it is , that I _may bo anhumble labourer in the _finalcomnletion of this holy work of ages . Mr . Duffy concluded , amid the m . 096 enthusiastic cheering , by seconding the reso * _lution-.. ( Continued to the Fif £ page , J
Political Ecop^Ir.' ; \.. V . " Uniform ...
POLITICAL ECOp _^ ir . ' \ .. v " Uniform and increasing abumlaheVof all things is the desideratum of political economy . " . ?
% 0- IHE KDITOn OF THE _NOntDHER . V STAR . _SiRjr-The above is the heading of a letter from the pen of Lawvcnce Hey worth , Esq ., of Liverpool , in the- Daily News of November I 7 _th , a gentleman for whom 1 entertain the highest esteem , and one who is-constantly labouring for . the social and physical , elevation of the labouri _^ population ; it is _becauseJ conceive him to bo "' labouring under _evroneous ' Botions , that Iju _" eem it advisable , through _^ _'h _^ iU _^^^ ur _joipivali witlv _^ oui _% perxnii > 8 ion , To _^ _Stse a _fewcobscf vationMn 1 _% _"fletter ; - " It IB evident that Mr . llcyworth considers cheapness the greatest desideratum of the age . He says ; " cheap production and unimpeded interchange of untaxed commodities , are the means whieh the immutable
_willof Providence has appointed 1 to obtain thc uniform-and increasing abundance of all thin » s , to secure theh" universal distribution ,, and to render the enjoyment of them easily accessible to all . " If we analyse the word " chnap , " we shall find it to mean , in reality ,, robbery . The parties- disposing of commodities " cheap ? ' implies thai * the working men who- may have been employed in . the production of these commodities , have not received their legitimate wages—hundreds of instances mig ht he cited in proof of this , one will suffice for the present . The- agents employed to sell the Bibles for the British and Foreign Bible Society , are enabled to sell them "cheap , " takcaglanoo behind the scenes , ascertain the amount of wages paid to the various
parties employed in the production of these Bibles , and . the curse of this _cheapnesa will be discovered 1 > _5- i \ m fact , that the females ai ! e compelled to havo recourse to tbe streets in order to provide themselves with an adequate supply of the necessaries of life . Cheapness is vobbeEy committed by the rich and powerful upon the poor and defenceless . The idea which the word " cheap" conveys to the mind is horrifying in the _extreme ; wretchedness , misery , and filthiness , occasioned by the producers of cheap commodities being compelled by a person they cannot control , to crowd into the back streets and alleys of our large cities—the sexes mingling indiscriminately , and in large numbers , in small , illventilatad rooms , generating noxious and poisonous
gases , which are tlie prominent causes ot fever Hi all its forms ; and cholera—that scourge of the human family—visiting ns-from town to town , becoming more " intense in its effects each visit . The political economists may prosecute their labours in the way they have done- for some time , and they will find such a scene of' misery and wretchedness produced in this country ., as the world never witnessed . Each commodity produced by a working man , lias an intrinsic- value ; and if sold or exchanged for its intrinsic- value in another commodity , it can neither he said to bo " cheap" or " dear ; " but when _thc-laws , instituted by She plunderers of humanity , compel the producer to sell bis commodity for less _& an its intrinsic value , then
tbe producer is robbed 1 or cheated out of _oae portion of the fruits of his industry . Cheapness is robbery —value is concentrated labour—a commodity always requiring the same amount of labour ought always to be ofthe same value—no legitimate reduction in value can take placs- unless it be preceded by a corresponding reduction in the amount ® f labour by tbe introduction _ctf machinery , or some other principle _calculated to diminish its amount . A commodity whan sold for its intrinsic value , supposes its production in a state of society where the producer has neither rents , taxes , 03- usury to pay . Seeing then that this state of society has not an existence in this country , it follows that any taxes in the shape of rents , usury , governmental or
social , which the producer has to pay , he ought in justice to have- the power to charge such payments to tlie price of his commodities—if he has not this power , then his condition will deteriorate in proportion as taxation increases . Let it he borne in mind that governmental taxation which is enormous , yet in comparison to l he taxation which accumulated property inflicts , it sinks , into insignificance . Private landlords have a power of levying taxation on society . A gambling _speculator , by a lucky throw realises two thousand pounds ; this may not havo _cosi him two hours _laboar , yet he is enabled to levy a tax on society of eighty or one hundred pounds . a year , which he can perpetuate and transmit _frosi generation to generation . " Cheapness "
may be agreeable to this _cass ol men , inasmuch as the purchasing power of their income is increased thereby . This power is . tlUgitimatc—it is a power rcsaltihg from an act of Parliament , in direct opposition to Free Trade _principles . Proof ; gold is a commodity , its price is fixed by Sir Robert Feel at _£$ 17 s . lO ' _ld . per ousce . It is our standard of value . A standard should have thc quality of unohangcablcnoss . Though Sir Robert has endeavoured to give it this quality ho has failed—its price advances on tlie Continent or in America . Away our gold goes , diminishing its quantity , a diminished quantity cannot allow tho same price for commodities , down thoy fall , to correspond with the quantity of money left in thc country . It is therefore evident thatwo have no standard of value at all in . this countrv ; and until wo have , as unchangeable in
its character as our yard of thirty-six inches , pound of sixteen ounces , & c , Ac , we may continue our political agitations continuously , without ever having the satisfaction of seeing an improvement in the physical condition of thc great bulk of tho people , Let Mr . Uey worth and his class of iiol tical economists , reflect on the steps they are taking . They arc moving heaven and earth to increase the quantity of produce , whilo they never sec to it that the distributive principle is allowed to increase in a corresponding ratio . Tho result is , that thc price of produce , however the quantity may be augmented , must fall down to the quantity of money in the country . Thc doom of our fanners , shipbuilders , and other branches of business affected by the free trade princi p le , is fixed ; ruin irretrievable —ruin is their fate ; while the _bullionist is at thc same time augmenting his wealth . Yours truly , Halifax . Jonx Caw . Jun .
Dkeadfi-L Mim, Accidext Axd Los3 Of Lifu...
_Dkeadfi-l Mim , Accidext AXD LOS 3 of _Lifu at Pbesto . v . —On Thursday an accident occurred at tho extensive _manufactory of Messrs . Swainson , Hirloy , and Co ., cotton spinners , Fishwick ( in the suburbs of Preston ) , by which one man was killed on the spot , and another so dreadfully mutilated that he is not expected to recover . It appears that ou Wednesday morning , Mr . Oddy _, the manager of the mill , fancied he percei ved an escape of gas , and gave orders for an examination of thc pipes . On Thursday morning a labourer , named Lawson , proceeded to search for the leakage ; it being dark , lie procured a lamp , when tlie gas from the main pipe immediately ignited at thc mouth of the sewer . The consequence was , that the whole of the _lights in tho
north-east portion of the null were extinguished , upon which the weavers instantly threw their looms out of gear . Thc engine being thus relieved of a _gVCiit proportion of its weight , became _ungovernable , and ran wild , acquiring such a velocity from the impetus which was thus given to it , that tho fly-wheel was splintered to p ieces _, one of the columns of the large engine was broken off and the fragments scattered in various directions —some to one end and some to tho other end of the engine , which is eighty feut long . A _pavtilioii wall , two feet thick , dividing the engine room , was levelled with the ground by the force of the shock , and part ofthe floor in thc beam chamber in the largo engine house was displaced . John Cooke , engine
tenter , was _dreaillully injured whilst endeavouring , as was supposed , to stop his engine : bis right arm was torn off near to the shoulder joint . He was struck by a fragment of tho fly wheel , aud fell a depth often feet through a hole which had been made in the floor . The stop valve and chest of the engine , which was of forty horse power , having been broken off , caused it to stop . Shortly after tho accident , II . lvirkham , mauager in the throstle room , was found lying behind " tho door ol tho south entrance to thc engine house . He was quite dead , having been struck on tho head by a fragment ofthe wheel " , and his lugs also being broken . The engine sustained comparativel y little damage . The windows at each end of the engine house were shattered to pieces ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 24, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_24111849/page/1/
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