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^2 1846, THET nqrTHERN STAB ... « 7 '
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Jbmgn iHofcnnents
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" Andl will war, at least in worts, (A«a...
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MOSQUITIA. This territory lies along the...
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THE NEW POPE, PIUS IX. " The French Gove...
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THE AUSTRALIAN EXPLORING EXPEDL TION. (F...
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rOLAHD. Poor Poland is again in chains! ...
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Dreadful Death by Scaldixo.—On Tuesday Mr.
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William Baker, deputy coroner, .held an ...
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Present from Meuemkt Au to bbb Majestv. —
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On Tuesday morning, a handsome nnrse, « ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
^2 1846, Thet Nqrthern Stab ... « 7 '
_^ 2 1846 , THET _nqrTHERN STAB ... « 7 '
Jbmgn Ihofcnnents
_Jbmgn _iHofcnnents
" Andl Will War, At Least In Worts, (A«A...
" Andl will war , at least in worts , ( A _« a—should my chance so happen—deeds , ) With _oU who war with Thought !" " I think I hear a little bird , who sings The people by and by will be the stronger . _"—Bij-ojr
EASTERN EUROPE AND THE EMPEROR NICHOLAS . KO . THI . The sixth chapter ofthe 1 st volume of this work _, contains an account of the "Polish Emigration , " _describing the various parties into which the emigration is divided , and the chiefs or leading characters of those parties , & c . The succeeding chapter describes the two heroic but unfortunate "Attempts ofthe Emigrants in lS 33 _and 1 S 3 G . " These two chapters are the most interesting in the volume , nevertheless _ve pass _tnem over for the present , preferring to notice them when bringing onr review to a close , we come to examine the prospects of the Polish cause and estimate the strength of the _partizans of that cause . The last chapter of the firstvolume , con- " tain ' s a brief account ofthe so-called .
BEPCBLIC OF CRACOW . ¦ _vThen thelast partition of Poland toot place , Kussia , Russia , and Austria having divided amongst them twenty Bullions of its population , generously guaranteed the independence of the remainder—about a hundred and thirty thousand—atthe Congress of Vienna , by establish . ing the free republic of Cracow inlSlo . This patty stats consisting of the city of that name , with its surrounding territory , _suoatea * at the foot ofthe Carpathian mountains , and containing the tombs of King John Sobieski , Kosciusko , nnd Poniatowski _, is all that now remains of Poland wearing even a semblance of nationality or independence .
Prince Adam Czartorysfci , then the friend and confident ofthe "Emperor Alexander , prepared fortius miniature republic a liberal constitution ; but the three protective courts , under various pretexts , soon rendered it a dead letter . Xet us cite what _Jfarmier , who gathered his information on the spot , in _ISiS _, says upon this subject , "The commission ( appointed by the three powers , to see the constitution put in force ) spent three years in its task , and at the end of it the chamber of representatives found itself dispossessed ofthe right of investigating the conduct ofthe senate , without obtaining the consent of the senate thereunto ;—deprived of the power of discussing the question of supplies , or of impeaching any public functionaries .
» " The article relative to free trade was partly omitted , partly evaded . Cracow no longer enjoyed the franchise accorded to its home produce ( by the treaty of Vienna , ) and oppressive duties were placed on all articles which the city imported from Austria , "The university , endowed by the munificence ofthe Polish kings with _property to the amount of £ 200 , 000 per annum , was deprived of the greatest part of its wealth . The Russian and Austrian governments forbade their subjects to study in its university . " la 1 S 2 S the legislative assembly having refused ' tht candidate for the presidency protected hy the three powers , their resident commissioners annulled the election ; and _aspend ' _n _^ the deliberations ofthe diet , vested all tbe po wers of the state in the hands of the senate , till it should have made snch changes in tha national in-* titutioa « as experience pointed out to be expedient .
" In 1833 , its constitution was againremodelled so that nothing but its former skeleton remained . And in 1836 , the three residents declaring that the dry had become a place of refuge for democrats affiliated to secret societies , from which it was necessary to clear it , its territory was _snddenlyinvaded by the Austrian troops , who entering the houses of the citizens , occupied them as if it had been an enemy ' s country . "A permanent militia , composed of _Anstrians , was organised in the city , and an Austrian commissary named director of police . Then followed the fala * denunciations , and tho inquisitions of these sbirri . The whole state was submitted to an incessant and terrific system of espionage . Each day the privacy of its citizens is violated , they are incarcerated or condemned to axile .
"The judges ofthe tribunals are dispossessed , to make way for others more complaisant , and torture is used as a means of persuasion at the interrogatories . "It would be in vain that one would now seek for any traces of the constitution ' promulgated by these sovereigns and sanctioned by the European congress . Itis crushed , buried , and if it survives iu a few paragraphs , these are an empty formula , whieh tbe residents of Kussia , Austria , and Prussia use as a veil to give an appearance of legality to their arbitrary acts . The republic of Cracow is sow quite submissive to the -mil of these three ministers . The legislative and judical powers , the armed force , the finances and police—are all in their absolute dependence ; and woe to the hapless citizen who dares to raise his voice against this shameful violation ef a solemn compact .
" These _inflexible diplomatists can reduce him to silence a thousand ways , and make him repent of his temerity . If a pnblic functionary , be is immediately dismissed , if a trader , he is stopped in all his speculations by a thousand vexations formalities . If a propristor . he is more highly taxed , and a passport is _refused "him even to go from the city to his country house . Have we not seen the house of a citixen who dared to protest against the illegal incarceration of a student , brokeninto , plundered , and _devastated by a troop of _Busiians , and occupied for four months after by the military 1 Have we not seen an Austrian general burst open tbe doors of a public prison , and take out of it for the purpose of punishing , a prisoner just shut np by the authorities for insulting a _centiuel . f
The palace of the _Piasts and Jagellons is now an Austrian barrack . The university , one of the most ancient , and not many years ago one of the richest , in Europe , can now scarcely boast of seventy students . The city of Cracow , whose population formerly amounted to a hundred thousand , now hardly numbers more than thirty 1 " Of course no Englishman or Frenchman can read the above account without feeling bitter indignation towards the three tyrant-spoliators who thustramp le upon a defenceless state , and ontrage the last relic of Polish nationality ; but how much , more indignant ought Englishmen and Frenchmen , to feel towards the Governments of their respective countries for basely allowing these gross -violations of solemn treaties . The national independence and
constitutional liberties of the republic of Cracow was guaranteed by the Congress of Vienna ; to thi 3 guarantee England was a party . _TirTien the constitution wa 3 rendered a nullity , when the university was despoiled , when the legislative assembly was coerced , when the republic's territory was invaded by Austria , when the _administration of public justice was forcibly abused , when a foreign armed force was imposes * npon tbe republic , when these gros 3 violations of the compact of -1815 took place , vvhy did not the English go _vernment interfere ? "When recently the territory ofthe republic was invaded by the armed forces of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , why then did not the English government interfere ? Rumours are rife that even the nominal existence ofthe " republic" is about to terminate ; itis said that the three spoliators have determined that it shall henceforth form part ef
the Austaiau empire , yet the British government makes no sign of opposing this crowning infamy . The final abolition of this phantom of independence ean matter but little to the Polish people , but to England it matters much . If England allows that independence and freedom she guaranteed to be openly , audaciously , and completely destroyed , her honour is stained , and her / air name defiled , and her vaunted power becomes bnt a mockery in the eyes of nations . Strange to say , _nst even one of onr legislators has the sense and courage to demand explanations from the government , and thereby vindicate the character of onr country . This must be remedied ; the public mind mnst be enlightened ; and public opinion most force legislators and Ministers to vindicate the honour of England , and as . sert tho rights of nations committed to England's guardianshi p .
The chapter from whieh wehave quoted the above extract , contains an episode of startling and dramatic interest , describing the death ofa Russian spy . Pawlofoki , which was the name of this wretch , ¦ was one of the mo 3 t dangerous of the Russian agents . United to considerable tact , he possessed a degree of effrontery and assurance wliich enabled him to command the confidence of many of the Poles . He appears to havr * been for a considerable time employed in spying out the secrets of the exiles , and had so far acquired their confidence as ai length to be entrusted -with a mission from the National Committee
to proceed as an agent for the emigration to the " Kingdom of Poland . " The man who subsequently slew this miscreant was applied to to furnish _Pawxofski with the proper signals or credentials to such persons as could facilatate his entrance to the country , his egrcs 3 from it , or his concealment ; the person applied to having , however , already had _hi 3 suspicions strongly excited , refused this application _Pawijofski , notwithstanding , succeeded in getting the necessary credentials and departed ; heimmedi-? ieiy commenced entrapping victims before even entering Poland . In the capital of Saxony he ini _" . u : ed a professor and some of the professor ' s friends
" Andl Will War, At Least In Worts, (A«A...
to commit themselves by procuring , tor him , a false pasport . No sooner had these been obtained than the traitor denounced them to the Russian Minister , who , pointing out all concerned in the business to the court of Saxony , demanded their punishment . * " They were all arrested ; the professor ruined as well as his family , was still imprisoned several years afterwards . PawlofsM , before his treachery could get wind , then traversed Prussia , profiting in a like manner by the recommendations given bim . to convict those guilty of favouring the Poles . In _consideration of hn services , be received an order from the king of Prussia , and another , with the rank of major , from the "Emueror of Russia
Proceeding to the republic of Craco * , he hastened to make the best use of his credentials from tbe emigration , _forthepurposeofdiscoreriogtlieretreatofsuchrefugeesas were concealed in that city , and of tempting as many as uecould ofthe natives ofthe neighbouring territories of Austrian and Russian Poland , to compromise themselves , by engaging to join in _aproximate insurrection , which he represented himself assent to announce . The part he was playing was therefore not only tbat of the bloodhound , but of what in the French police was formerly called agent provocaluer ; that is to say , the man who tempts victims to do that which he denounces when done at his own instigation .
We shall now quote , without abbreviation , from the words of the patriot who performed this actot righteous retribution , the account supplied by him to the author of "Eastern Europe" of the
DEATH OF THE _SPT _PiWtOlfSKI . "It happened that at this time I had myself taken refuge in the city of Cracow . A price had been set upon my head by the Eussians ; and if discovered , the nominal republic had no choice but to give me up . "I had just been made acquainted with _Tawlofski ' _s treachery , when I recognised him seated at table in the inn where I was living , and of whicb the host , a freemason , was devoted to me . "I made no observation on the subject ; but a few minutes after , the inn-keeper returned a 3 pale as deatb , and informed me that the stranger had named me by my real name , _saying I had nothing to fear from him . "After re-assuring him , and reflecting on what was best to be done , I desired to be led straight into the presence of tbe new guest .
"Pawlofskihad been shown into a room , where he had come by appointment to meet several men , more or less compromised ; he changed counteuancc on seeing me advance towards bim , but on my angrily denouncing his infamy to the company , he replied with so much assurance that several of those present were staggered . We were interrupted , and obliged to separate , in the midst of his protestations of innocence . Satisfied with having unmasked him , and thus deprived him of his chief power of doing injury , I at first regarded his presence in Cracow , merely as a peril whieh known might be avoided ; but on making subsequent inquiry , I discovered , tbat as an agent of the emigration , he had seduced a large number of families iato a conspiracy , with the object of denouncing them to the vengeance ofthe Russian government .
" Whilst I was regretting that we had not ensured their safety , by putting bim to death , his inconceivable assurance placed him in our power , Imagining from the fact of my having let him escape so easUy tbe first time , that I was not quite certain of his treachery , he fancied tbat he could still impose upon me , or at least upon my companions ; and he determined not to draw close the net till he had amply filled it . Relating himself my denunciation of him , he lamented tbat I should be ofa" temper so hasty and suspicious , repulsed my accusation as an odious calumny of which I was the dupe and he the victim , and requesting an interview , declared that he could clear up every allegation made against him . The proofs of his infamy were , however , of a nature which belittle suspected , and the extent of tbe mischief he meditated was so appalling , that & aving unanimously condemned him , it was resolved that at auy cost he must die .
" Filled as Cracow was by Russian and Austrian spies and agents , and utterly at their beck and call as the authorities of tbe republic were , it appeared probable that whoever should attempt to carry the _sentence of tbis new Wehmgericht into execution , could only do so at the sacrifice of his life . I was then disappointed and desperate . I had lost , as yon know , eighteen „ of my relatives , and amongst them those nearest and dearest to me , —in the field , or on the scaffold , against the Russians ; and I had just volunteered for this sanguinary office , when I received a message from Fawlafski , urgently requesting an interview in a spot at some distance without the walle of the city .
"I was at the same thne made acquainted , through a channel which he could never suspect would be open to me , that , mistrusting his persuasive powers , he had laid a snare to arrest me in tbis solitary place , where he could keep tbe circumstance concealed for a few days , so as not to scare the remainder of his anticipated victims . If I had not been already chosen as the instrument to punish his perfidy , tbis singular fact would have appeared to point me out as the most fitting individual to measure out to him tbe meed of retribution . I resolved to waylay bim , and confess that this circumstance gave a dramatic interest to the deed I was abont to undertake , which cancelled much of tbe horror I should bave felt as the mere executioner ofa sentence .
" I chose , my relative , to aid me in my enterprise . Habiting him in the costume of a driver wbo plied for hire , I procured a sledge and horses . Stationed fer several hours before Pawlofski ' s door , at the moment he appeared the sledge was to move slowly on , and I trusted that he would unsuspectingly hire it . I feared tbat if be took another the driver would interfere to save him ; but against this there was noremedy . For my own part , I proceeded along the road , armed only with a dagger , —for I would not trust to fire-arms . At a considerable distance from the place of rendezvous , where
bis measures had been takeu to entrap me , I sat down on . tbe snow , and concealed myself in a ditch , overshadowed by tbe boughs of some fir trees . I never wavered in my resolution . I considered the deed I WHS about to commit not only justifiable , but meretorious . Jly onlyapprehension was thatl should not spring suddenly enough npon him , —tbat he might shoot me before I could drag him from hi 3 _sledgo , or tbat be might have taken a strange coachman , who would interfere in time to stay ray arm . My dread was tha t he would escape my dagger ; for I thonght of the ruin and dessolation hig denunciation would draw upon bo _manyfamihes .
" At length the sledge approached : —I sprang from my hiding place , —I dragged him from his seat , _—weroUed together in the snoir , he seized me by tbe hair ; and as I plunged my weapon repeatedly into his body till he wa » dead , he tore out a handful of it by the roots . "Meanwhile tbe driver , who was my relative , looked en . I searched the body , and took from it the papers , leaving the arms of the dead man , and his money by bis side . Then dragging the corpse out into the middle of the road , that all might see that it was not the deed of a robber , I took his place in the sledge , and was driven back to the city . Though the sledge and horses were noticed at tbe gate , and known , this circumstance _furnisbed no clue in tbe subsequent investigation whieh followed , because the driver had gone out with one passenger , and apparently returned with the same . " With the death of Pawlofski ceased all danger of his revelations ; for he had been too jealous to entrust bis discoveries to any of his colleagues .
Let the " moral philosophers" who declaim against taking away human life " under any circumstances " test their theory by this case of Pawlofski ' s . Under such circumstances if they would carry out their theory , these " " moral" men would allow a Pawlofski to entrap scores , of victims and eause the misery of hundreds , rather than save the many by sacrificing the one . "Human life is sacred" say these " philosophers ; " granted—and , being so , when we _know ' that , any way , life is doomed to be sacrificed , is it not a sacred duty for us to save the many rather than the one , to save the innocent rather than the guilty , the betrayed rather than the betrayer . In the case above narrated there was no safety for the victims but in the traitor ' s death , and against all the " moral philosophers" in the world we will maintain that the act of putting him to death was a moral , just , and noble act , entitling [ the performer thereof to the gratitude and thanks of every true man in every land .
We are men of peace , we earnestly desire _tosee an exd to all wars , fightiBg _, and blood-shedding ; and will give all the help and aid we can to the men who rationally advocate brotherhood and abstinence from war . But we warn the true friends of peace and humanity that their cause is in jeopardy . Teetotal fanaticism has fatally prevented the progress of the temperance principle , and a like fanaticism bids fair to cause the retrogression instead of the advance ofthe " peace principle . " When men are told that any state of slavery and suffering is to be endured , rather than be put an end to by an appeal to the sword ; that a man should allow himself , or even his wife and child , to be murdered , rather than
kill the intentional murderer , such doctrines excite disgust , and must repel converts rather than attract them . There are evils greater than war or death . The system which enslaves and tortures one hundred millions of the Slavonic race , is a greater evil thaH any war could be , which would overthrow that system . A war with America for the Oregon territory would be one ofthe most absurd and detestable of crimes , but a " ckusadb" against the tyrants and tyrannical systems of North-Eastern Europe _^ would be an act worthy of the nineteenth century . Such " crusade " should be preached and propagated , not by priests and pilgrims , but by every man who has pen er voice capable of stirring the hearts of his fellow men .
The second volume of this work is chiefly devoted to a review of Polish , Russian , and Finnish Literature , —very interesting but not demanding immediate C omment . The third volume is full of most important information concerning " "Nicholas and hi s
" Andl Will War, At Least In Worts, (A«A...
advisers ; " the state of the Jewish population of Poland ; " the " Kingdom of Prussia , and conduct of the Prussian government towards tho Poles . " . A . brief account of the mysteries and iniquities of " the Austrian Empire , " & c . & c . All these subjects we purpose to review , but not Immediately . Thiswork , " Eastern _Rurope and the Emperor Nicholas , " maybe considered as the sequel to the "Revelations of Russia , " by the same author , and being so we have felt all along that we were " putting the cart before the horse" in reviewing . this work
first . Having now tbe "Revelations" in our possession , we purpose to suspend for the present our notices of the Eastern Europe , " and commence in our next number a review of the Revelations of Russia . The author of these works is about to immediately publish Revelations of Austria , and very likely when we have disposed ofthe Revelations of Russia we may proceed to review those of Austria . Finally , we purpose to return to the work before us and give a _Becond and concluding series of " Eastern Europe and the Emperor Nicholas . "
In the meantime we earnestly and heartily recommend these volumes to all our friend * , We do not agree with the author in all things , and when we come to our second series of notices we shall be compelled to express our dissent from the author ' s views respecting Louis Phillips , Prince CzimoRysKi , and the people of Germany ; but , taking the work asa whole , we regard it as a most valuable offering to the cause of irecdom and progression , the contents of which every friend to Poland and mankind should labour to disseminate as one of the best means of serving the cause of tbe oppressed , and hastening the downfall of
oppression . - With the author's kind leave we hope to turn his works to good account in preparing the minds of thousands of our countrymen , who may in their turn influence" ; thousands more , to take that part in the coming movement , which duty , interest , and honour , unite to command . We have set ourselves to a task And will not slacken in its performance , we have " set our hands to the plough and will not turn back . " Though the weapons of our warfare fee but words ,
" Words are things : and a small drop of ink , Falling like dew upon a thought produces That which makes thousands , perhaps millions think . '
Mosquitia. This Territory Lies Along The...
MOSQUITIA . This territory lies along the coast ofthe Canibean Sea , from Cape Camaron , in the Bay of Honduras , to the Lagoon of Chiriqui , and is separated from the United Provinces of Central America by a boundary not very accurately defined , but extending , in some _places , 500 miles inland . Itis supposed to contain about 40 , 000 square miles . It was in this district that the Aborigines collected when the Spaniards had driven them from the other parts of their country , which they were more desirous of occupying , and they have over since enjoyed , and still continue to possess the independent holding of the soil . Most of these tribes of native Indians acknowledge the king of Mosquitia as their sovereign , and heis usually crowned at Belize , an adjoining British colony ; where the coronation ofthe kin .: took place two years ago , in the presence of the Superintendent , who was deputed by the British Government to make certain presents to the king on that occasion .
The Indians are said to be a peaceable , but indolent race , and who , from having mixed so much with the English , desire to be under the protection of England . For that purpose the sovereignty of their country was offered by their late king to Great Britain , but declined . Recent travellers , in speaking of this part of the world , sav that the whole of Central America is situated betwen the tropics , but as the surface of not less than one-fourth rises to a great elevation above the sea ( 4 , 961 feet ) , forming a tableland , the climate varies very much . A person who at daybreak leaves a district where the thermometer ranges from 28 deg . to 30 deg ., may , by noon , arrive at another where the usual temperature varies from 80 deg . to 86 deg . No portion even of the table land can be called cold . It freezes during the night in
November , December , and January , but only very slightly . The rainy season lasts nine months in the neigh _, bourhood ofthe table land , but near the coast of the Carribean Sea they have refreshing rains during all parts of the year ; the rains are generally not heavy , and contribute greatly to render these countries extremely fertile . The climate of Central America being so various , the productions are equally diversified . On the higher part ofthe table land , the grains ( especially the wheat and barley ) , the fruits , and the vegetables of Europe are grown . In the lower and warmer districts , the common grain is Indianjcorn , which yields
annually two or three very abundant crops ; there are also found here the sugar cane and the plants producing indigo , cochineal , tobacco , cocoa , and cotton . Cochineal is chiefly gathered in the Spanish portion ofthe tableland ; it is here and at Oaxaca , in Mexico , that this insect is gathered in such large quantities . The forests , which cover a vast portion ofthe lower _districts , produce mahogany , pimento , and Brazil wood ; in the upper districts the oak grows . Cattle is the principal wealth of some extensive places within the Spanish territory , where there are estates that feed from 20 , 000 to 30 , 000 head ; aud sheep are numerous in their portion of the table land .
Gold , silver , iron , lead , and mercury are known to exist in Central America ; but no mines are worked except gold , silver , or iron . The most important mines of gold and silver are in Costarica , at the southern extremity of Mosquitia , and in Honduras , its northern extremity , consequently , it is not unreasonable to suppose that they may be worked in Mosquitia likewise . The present king of this country is a minor , and it appears by a proclamation recently issued by him . has for his guardians several English gentlemen , who were appointed under his father ' s will . It appears from this proclamation tbat tbis fertile , but hitherto almost unknown , country is attracting the attention of British colonists ; but , although under judicious management such a colony might be
eminently successful , we nevertheless think it our duty to caution the public , and to tell them this region is still almost in a state of nature , that the number of Europeans within it is extremely small , and tbat there are no towns or villages where houses or tbe necessaries of life can he procured on their first arrival , all settlers must therefore provide themselves with both shelter and a store of provisions ; for it will be some time before they can locate themselves to their satisfaction , build houses , and produce a crop of provisions . Many years ago two attempts were made by Englishmen to settle in this country , they had neglected to take these necessary precautions , and the results were most calamitous—without any shelter , and witliout proper food , they fell victims to the climate .
The New Pope, Pius Ix. " The French Gove...
THE NEW POPE , PIUS IX . " The French Government received on Saturday , " says the Hebats , " a telegraphic despatch , announcing the election of the Pope . The new Sovereign Pontiff is the Cardinal Jean Marie Mastai , of the family ofthe Counts Mastai Perretti , and was born at Sinigaglia , in the States of the Church , on the 13 th of May , 1792 . lie became Bishop of _Imola , and was named Cardinal in petto , on the 23 rd of December , 1839 , and proclaimed on the 14 th of December , 1840 . He was Cardinal of the order of priests . The conclave ofthe Sacred College lasted only two days , opening on the 14 th , and terminating on the 16 th of June . Barely has a conclave been so short : itis said thatthe political situation of tbe States of the Church , and tbe necessity for putting an end to expectations tbat might
be changed into an alarming agitation , hastened the decision of the Cardinals . The new Fopehas the reputation of being endowed with a liberal and conciliatory mind ; his appointment has , in general , been well received . The Cardinal Mastai Ferretti , on ascending the throne of St . Peter , takes the title of Pius IX . Being only 51 years old , heis one ofthe youngest popes that have been elected : this fact should be viewed as a favourable omen . The Cardinals have often been reproached for choosing popes amongst men whose age could not permit them to be very active . On this occasion the customary precedents have happily been departed from _. There exists in Italy a proverb , which says ofthe Popes , —JN ' _onij'd '
_eoisannos Petri . { " Thou wilt not see so many years as Peter" ) St . Peter , as is known , occupied the Papal see for 25 years . This proverb , not being an article of faith , one may hope , without being accused of heresy , that it will not be realized . Trusting that Pope Pius IX , will devote the influence which his high position gives him to maintain the spiritual peace of the Catholic world , and bestow on the Btates nnder his temporal government the ameliorations which ihey stand so much in need of , we desire sincerely that he may see the years of St . Peter , and his reign be prolonged for the good of the Church of which he is the head , and the welfare of the people he is the sovereign of _.
The Vhivers states that the new Pope , having been visited , atthe age of 20 , with a serious malady , bad implored the protection ofthe blessed Virgin , and , believing that he owed his recovery to her intercession , he felt so grateful thathe entered holy orders , " Shortly after the ordination , ' says the TJniters , " he assumed the direction of tbe asylum Tata Giovanni , which had been founded for the maintenance and Christian in . structien of poor _orphans by an old man , a mason by profession , destitute of all resourceg , but rich in the treasures of charity . Tbe young clergyman , moved by his devotedness , joined him in the charitable undertaking , and devoted all his time , labour , ami fortune , to that work of
The New Pope, Pius Ix. " The French Gove...
piety and mercy . Pope Pius IX . thus _commenced his ministry ami _^ t indigent labourers and orphans , Under tiie Pontificate of Pius th ., Monsignor Muzi _, the presunt Bishop di Cita di Castello , having been sent as Vicar Ap _» - stohcalto Chili , the Abbatl Mastai Perretti accompanied him as auditor ( councillor or theelogian . ) Differences which arose between tlie vicar Apostolical and tbe ruler of Chili , soon obliged him to quit the . country , and , on his return , Pope Leo XL , appointed him prelate and president ofthe great hospital of St . Michael , the largest establishment of the kind in Rome . In 1827 Leo XII . named him first pastor of Spoleto , his native town , which he erected into an archbishopric . He occupied that see until the 17 th of December , 1832 . when Gregory XVI . transferred biin to Imola , which , being oue of the most important episcopal posts , required a prelate both firm and prudent . The bishop responded to the expectation of Gregory XVI ., and soon gained the veneration and affection of the entire diocese . Reserved in petto at the
Consistory of the 23 rd December , 1830 , he was proclaimed Cardinal on the 14 th of December , 1810 . His reputation for talent and piety was general throughout the States of the Church , and nt Rome the people used to say when he appeared in public , "Behold the _auccessor of Gregory XVI . " *
THE _PAPALSTATES . The States ofthe Church , the temporal states of the Holy See , have remained much about as they were settled 31 years ago , by article 103 of the Congress oi Vienna . This article restored to the Holy See , the Marshes , with Camarino and tbeirdependencies , as also the duchy of Benevento and tlie principality of Ponte Coiv . In virtue of the same article , the Holy See retook possession ef the _legatioi . s of Kavenna Bologna , and Ferrara , saving , however , timt part _oti-errara _, situated on the left bank ofthe 1 o , which Austria got given to herself , as well as the right ot garrisoning the daces of Ferrara and Comachio . iheprotestmadeby _thePontiBcial Governmentin favour _oi'its ancient possessions bas hitherto
remained a dead letter . The territory of the church , as thus restored , extends over a surface of 2 , 250 square leagues , with , according to the last statistical accounts , a population of 2 , 903 , 215 inhabitants . The revenue is about 50 , 000 , 000 of francs , or £ 2 , 000 , 000 sterling . __ Tbe States of the Church ar « divided into three military divisions , those of Rome , Bologna , and Ancona . The army consisted in ( 1840 ) of 9 , 800 infantry , of which 6 , 000 are natives , and 3 , are Swiss , * 640 Dragoons , - ICO mounted _Ch-tsseurs , 800 Artillery men . 1 ,-700 Gendarmes , 300 Arquebusiers , 1 , 200 custom-house ofiieers , 80 men of the Noble Guard , in all 14 , 600 men , not including a reserve of 6 . 000 men and 3 , 000 National Guards for Rome and Bologna , The annual expense of keeping up this force is 1 , Y 56 , 029 Roman scudi , or about
£ 380 , 000 . Tbe territory of the States ofthe Church is divided into 20 provinces , under tbe appellations of comarca , legations and delegations , as follows : —First , the province of Rome or " comarca , " and the commissariat of Loretto . Second , the six legations of Bologna , Ferrara , Ravenna , Forli , Urbino and Pesaro , and Velletri . Third , the 13 legations of Ancona , Ascoli , Benevento , Camerino , Civita-Vecchia , Fermo , Frosino , Macerata , Orvietto , Perugia , Rieti , Spoleto , and Viterbo . These provinces are administered by a legate , assisted in tlio six legations by councillors taken from the more influential inhabitants . In these legations the legate is always to be selected from among the cardinals . Such , in short , is constitution of the States ofthe Church , of which Cardinal Mastai Forretti has just been proclaimed the head . To make our information complete , we here mention the diplomatic body at Rome , whicli plays so great a part in the election of the Pope ; but we have not any recent documents .
We take from the Almanac of Gotha , for 1846 , the list of the principal members of that body : —For Austria , Count Rodolphos Lutzow _, Ambassador ; for Naples , Count J , 0 , de _Ludolf , Minister Plenipotentiary ; for Spain , Don Castilloy _Ayense ; for France , Count Rossi , Ambassador ; for Russia , the Privy Councillor Boutcnieff , Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary ; for Sardinia , Count F . Broglio di Mombello , Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary , & c .
The Australian Exploring Expedl Tion. (F...
THE AUSTRALIAN EXPLORING EXPEDL TION . ( From the Adelaide Observer ofthe 17 th January . ) In the second edition of the South Australian Register ot" Wednesday last it was announced that despatches had been received from Captain Sturt , stating the probable arrival of himself and party at Moorunde this day , Mr . Brown , the bearer of the packet , having left them at Lake Victoria , and himself arriving at Mr . Nation ' s station on the 12 tli instant . "VVe are happy to be able to assure our readers of tbe safety of tbe gallant band of explorers , although the ; have passed through the many difficulties aud dangers so well described in the subjoined letter , with which the kindness and attention of the Hon . J . Morphett has favoured us .
The letter from Captain Sturt is dated the ' ., 21 st of December last . On the preceding day he had reacheil the Darling , after a most perilous journey from the depot , a distance of 270 miles . He effected his retreat with great difficulty , the first water being 115 miles from the depot . lie was absolutely forced to make the attempt , for the only other alternative was to remain and " rot at the old post . " The heat was perfectly horrible ; and had they not been providentially visited with a change ofa wind and a shower of rain , which cooled the air and ground , tbey would have perished . They did not , as it turned out , lose even a sheep . After this account of tho retreat , Captain Sturt proceeds to detail 'the transactions irom tlie time when he was last heard of . It may be remembered that it was his intention to proceed to the north-west , in the hope of finding an inland sea . He says
I went from the old depot to Lake _Torrens , hoping to find a country affording a practicable route to the north , but was disappointed . 1 returned to the depot to make a more extensive excursion to tbe north-west . On the 14 th of August I left the camp with Mr . Brown and three men , taking 15 weeks' provisions , but after penetrating to lat . 24 de . 30 mi ., and long . 138 de ., I was obliged to return from the failure of both grass and water . Dr . Brown also suffered greatly from scurvy , but was too highmindeil to complain . He is , indeed , an inestimable young man , and has been as a brother to me . We passed over a country bf alternate sandhills and flat * , until I struck upon a creek , beyond which , the country was more open and more subject to floods ; wa crossed over extensive plains , subject to deep inundations , but soon again got on _sandhills . From ihem we descended to a stony plain of boundless extent , on which thu horses left no track and where no object was visible on the horizon from which to take bearings . Crossing _thest we descended to flats , like a ploughed field , on which
water had subsided , stretching to the north-east and south-west , further than the range of vision , and without a blade of vegetation , Fom this we again ascended sand ridges , ofa most formidable description , and found the country to the west so bad , where we attempted to penetrate in that direction , and surface water so scarce , that we were obliged to turn to the north at 00 miles , with only two small puddles to depend on ; I struck a creek whicb I traced up 60 miles , when I got on a country of salt formation , covered with samphire , and other _salsolaceous productions , with numbers of dry beds of lagoons all white as snow , with salt , Passing this we once more found ourselves among sand ridges , perfcctlyinsurmouutable , so close that the base of one touched tbe base of another—the whole country sand . The sand lulls were of a fiery red , and they ran for miles and miles , in parallel rows , in points like the vanishing points of an avenue . But there was neither grass nor water to be found , and after trying all points of the corapasB I gave it up and returned to the depot , after an absence of seven weeks , and a ride of 924 miles .
" The men were all knocked up , and the horses completely leg-weary ; but I was dissatisfied with this journey , and there was little time for hesitation . There _, fore , after giving tbe animals six days' rest , I left the camp with Mr . Stewart , leaving Mr . Brown in charge of the camp , whose readiness to do anything I wished lightened my labours . I took two men , and nine weeks ' provisions , my object being to try to enter the tropics , to ascertain if there was any water between me and the north coast , or if the desert extends to the very tropics . I went due north , and struck a most splendid Creek at 123 miles from the depot . Hero I hod a thunder storm that lasted half an hour , and left some surface water , dependent on wliich I crossed it , and ran out 170 miles without finding a single channel for conveyance of water . I dug five wells , but had little hope of benefiting from
them , I was at length brought up by a stony desert , that stretched before us in absolute _boundlessness . Where there were sandhills in it before , the sandhills were now covered with stone , similar to tho plan itself . I was in the centre of a dark and adamantine sea , without any object by which to steer my course . 1 was 41 miles advanced in this gloomy region , and 52 from water . My horses had already been one day without water , and I eould not hope to reach the other water under a day and a half , including part of tho night ; yet I hesitated to turn back . It waB an irresistible influence that drove me back , certainly contrary to my own inclinations . I was well nigh too late . I lost three horses , but that was of no consequence on such an occasion . I got back to the creek , attar having reached latitude 25 deg . 45 min . and longitude 139 deg . 13 min .
"From the creek on which I was , I had seen high and broken ranges to the north-east , and I now determined on examining thom and tho creek . I therefore went up the latter 120 miles , but I found that it was leading me away from tbe ranges , and I ultimately got to its termination , or rather head , in some extensive plains . The creek was as large as the Darling , and was flanked by a box-tree forest , in grassy land , to a considerable _distanoo from its banks . Here I fell in with a numerous population , passing three or four small tribes every day ; but the news of our kind treatment of thero . had spread through tbe country , and they evinced no alarm , but did all they could to serve us .
" On the 3 rd of October I was at the head of tho creek , and all at once found myself in presence of about 270 or 280 natives , encamped on a rising piece of ground , under a large sandhill I had descended . On seeing us they set up a great shout , but wheu I rode slowly down
The Australian Exploring Expedl Tion. (F...
the hill there was a dead silence : then I dismounted , and . _( civing my horse to one ofthe mew , walked-over to the natives , who received me very Kindly , brought me troughs of Wiiicr and baked seeds , and iuvited me to sleep at one of their fires : but , observing a small clump of trees about 50 yards away from the native camp , I tula them that 1 weald sleep tbere , to which they gave a ready assent , and carried over firewood for our use , which was very scarce . These people were the finest I have _^ seen in Australia . Many stood six , several more than six feet high . They were well made , and had not the pot bellies of the natives in general . They wero frank and merry people , nnd told me all they eould . They assured mi there was no water to the east or north , and were quit * distressed when I persisted next day in going to Uueastward . The women were engaged to a late hour in bruising seed for cakes , and the noise they made wns like the woiking of looms iu a manufacturing town . At 10 o ' clock all was hushed , and , for the remainder of tin .-night , no one would have known ' that thero were bo many human beings near .
From this point I turned westward , and , taking up a branch creek , went towards the ranges ; b ' ut I _gOt-into a terrible country , and found tliat the _t-ftVcts of refraction _, had deceived me with regard to the ranges , and that they were nothing butmasses efsand or rock , three hundred to five hundred feet high . I saw that I was getting near the scene of thegreatest turmoil , where the water passed over this dreary waste , and loft the shivered fragments of mountains behind it . Here again water and grass failed me , and I was forced lo abandon this trying task , on the
Oth of November , being unable te contend against thc season and country , I had done all I could do , and had again run the risk of being altogether cutoff ; indeed , so near was it , that I drained the last drop of mud—for it it was not water—out of a pool that four weeks before was a hundred anil fifty yardsbroad _, and two hundred to three hundred long . I lost two horses , and regretted them very much . I reached the depot ( which Mr . Brown had been obliged to move _d uring my absence , in eonso . quence of tbe putridity ol the water' on the ITtli , having ridden eight hundred and forty-three miles in five weeks , less three days .
I had been exposed for twelve weeks to an excessive heat , had had insufficient food , had drunk loathsome water , and at length my iron constitution , under dis : ip . pointment , anxiety , and weakness , guve was . The day 1 made the camp I had been eighteen hours ob horseback ; and when I dismounted , the spasmodic action of the muscles of my thighs was so vielent _jis almost to throw me forward . I had , in truth , ridden all day in great pain . The next day the scurvy , latent in mc for _clvvcn months , seized me . The muscles of my thighs contracted , and I was laid prostrate on my mattress . I am still unable to walk or stand , but I am otherwise well in health ; and I hope , that with all the good things my friends have sent me , I shall get round . ' Another gentleman has favoured us wit !) the io . " lowing note from the gallant captain , which form '"' an appropriate pendant to the foregoing communica - tion :- — The Ana Branch ofthe Darling , Jan . 5 , 1846 .
I have , as you will hear , done nothing but toil through a desert that I believe is unequalled in the world . My investigations , however , were geographical , not with anydirect view of finding good land ; and as far as the geograph y of the interior goes , I think there will not be much difficulty , from the data I shall be enabled to furnish , in making a pretty good guess as to what tbe greater portion of it is . All I can say is , that this has been one ofthe most difficult and anxious tasks that could have fallen to the lot of any man . For myself , thank God , I am getting better . Six weeks are quite long enough to be deprived of the use of one's leg 3 : but I am yet thankful it is no wor * e .
I hope to be in Adelaide about the end of the month . I cannot at present ride , but shall be able to do so in a week or ten days .
Rolahd. Poor Poland Is Again In Chains! ...
_rOLAHD . Poor Poland is again in chains ! Her patriotic sons , in whose breasts burned th _» bright flame of liberty , have arisen , resolved to strike down their oppressors . But , alas ! they have again been vanquished by the legions of the Russian despot . Thousands of them have _betn massacred , and thousands banished their native soil . When classic Greece was trampled upon by the iion _hei-1 of Turkish ' despotiam , other nations interpi Bed , and re-Stored her to freedom . Even our country acted no trivial part in procuring that restoration . But when tha noble Poles are crushed to atoms , for endeavouring to ' regain what they had last , when Polish noblemen are eitlnr executed or shut up in jails , to drag out their ineffaMy wretchedesistonce—Where , we ask , is there an intirpo . _sition similar to that afforded to the Greeks ? "When do our legislative halls resound with heart-thrilling and
eloquent appeals in behalf ot Poland ? When are exertions made to deliver from bonduge tbat unhappy land ? Read the records of American history , and you will find American battle-fields saturated with Polish blood ! Shade of Pulaski ! is it thus tbat the land of your nativity is remunerated ? Poles aided us in revolutionary times ! When they need aid from us , shameful to tell , we are not among the first to render it 1 What most disgraceful ingratitude , unworthy the descendants of the fathers ofthe Revolution ! Nations should hastily interfere , put a stop to these bloody proceedings , restore Poland to her rights , and thus earn the laudable character with posterity , of having been humane and civilised . No nation , humane or civilized , should look idly on when a sister nation is being goaded with wrong , and trampled in tho dust . — Pittsburgh Morning Chronicle .
Dreadful Death By Scaldixo.—On Tuesday Mr.
Dreadful Death by Scaldixo . —On Tuesday Mr .
William Baker, Deputy Coroner, .Held An ...
William Baker , deputy coroner , . held an inquest at the London Hospital , on Charles Amber , aged . three vears . It appeared by the evidence that the child , " on Sunday last fell into a pan of water which was scalding hot , by which the lower parts of its person were severely scalded . It was conveyed to the hospital where it died on the following Monday . Verdict "Accidental death . " Tragical Occurence at Limerick . —Between 8 and 9 o ' clock on Wednesday evening Surgeon John BeYCridge , ofthe city dispensary , was requested to go on board the schooner Anne Simple , of Liverpool , now lying at Honan ' s quay , for the purpose of seeing one of the crew who -was reported to be in a dying state . He promptly answered the summons , and
going below deck found an able seaman ot the name of Patrick _M'Brierty in a state of stupor , and utterly insensible to all remedy . From appearances Mr . Beveridge was induced to suspect that the man had partakon of poison , but no person on board could give him any information or assistance ; in fact the wretched berth was so narrow , dark , and suffocating as to bo intolerable to a landsman . Mr . Beveridge applied the lancet but no blood issued . While tilth ) _engaged , another man , under the sailor , was heard to exclaim faintly for help , to the surprise of the vialtor who had not observed him till then . Mr . Beveridge ordered him to be brought immediately upon deck , where he applied restoratives which enabled him t 9 articulate , and he was then interrogated as to
tho description of food the crew had taken , to which he replied that they had fresh beef and vegetables and drank soup as usual . Dr . Beveridge had this man conveyed at once to the dispensary in Francis street , and sent word to the police . He was subsequently carried to the fever hospital , where he is reported to be in a convalescent state . About eleven o'clock the same night M'Brierty _expired , and next morning Dr . Beveridge was again called upon to visit two mote of the crew and four stcvadores engaged in discharging the ship , who had been similarl y attacked , and were writhing in _asony . In each case
the necessary stimulants were administered , fortunately with effect , and they are now doing well . The mate , Robert Tobin , after having purchased a coffin to inter M'Brierty , was taken ill in like manner at 8 o ' clock on Thursday , and notwithstanding the aid of medical assistance expired at 8 o ' clock yesterday morning . Several rumours are afloat as to the malady which caused death . It i 3 alleged they were cholera cases , while others say death was caused liy poison ; ana more assert it was in consequence of the men having drank water which was impregnated with gas tar , which flowed from the cisterns of tbe gas company into the river at Arthur ' s-quay .
Lamentable Mistake . —Windsor , Tuesday Evening . —An unfortunate occurrence took place yesterday afternoon , at St . Leonard's-plaee , near Windsor , wliich it is _fearertV may prove fatal to La Marquise _d'llarcourt , who is on a visit to W . B . Harcourt , Esq ., at his residence at St . Leonard ' s . It appears that La Marquise has been attended for some time past by Messrs . Brown and Andrews , of . this town , surgeons to thc royal household . By a lamentable mistake on the part ofa domestic , a bottle , containing an ounce and a half of a very strong preparation of laudanum was administered to the unfortunate lady , in mistake for a draught of medicine . Shortly afterwards the error was discovered , and a messenger instantly dispatched to Windsor for medical aid . Within forty minutes of thc discovery being made , Mr . Andrews was in attendance , who administered the proper remedies to neutralize the effects of the poison .
Horrible Murder . —Tho following hideous and revolting detail of murder is extracted from a Galway journal . The scene of the foul deed lies towards the junction of Galway with the county of Clare : —We regret to state , that on the night of Thursday last , a barbarous murder was committed at a village near Woodford , in this county . The unfortunate object of the assassin ' s vengeance was a man named Pat Hill , Two persona came into his house , and brought him out ot * his bed to a place about forty yards distant , and there inflicted no less than forty-two bayonet wounds on his person , besides a fracture of
the skull . His wife hearing his screams went to hia assistance , and having begged for mercy , she waa told by the heartless ruffians , that if she did not go away , she would herself be treated in a like , manner . Having completed their purpose , _themiscjvcants _. who are unknown , walked off , and their victim almost immediately expired . An inqueBt waa held on Tuesday at Portumna , before Thomas "Walsh , Esq ., coroner , and Thomas Brereton , £ s , q ., "R . M ., when a verdict of wilful murdor was returned against persons unknown . Deceased wafi ia rather comfortable circumstances , and bore a most excellent character ,
William Baker, Deputy Coroner, .Held An ...
PROGRESS OF THE _I'UINCIPLES OF _PU-. Cb ! .
Br _WiiLUM Hoiriu , ( From the People ' s Journal . ) In no _particular have we nattered oune ' ves of late years with the idea ofa _steudy and thinking _prngreis towards nisi ) and Christian principles , so much us ; n that of an advance towards right notions un tin- subject of peace and war . ifuring tho long and unusmil _pi-riod of thirty years of European tranquillity , we have h / . d leisure to see and to satisfy _ourpelvi-s , that war h no- only barhnrous and most , unchristian , but . ii just tl . e most foolish affair in which we can involve ours . Ives . As meruhants , manufacturers , and capitalists , w . have beeu shrewd enough' to perce ' re thnt it is pence _tliai i < Mir game , if war bo the game o ( _kings and ' _pm-riiiiients . Trade has wonderfully exttnueil ; social retm ms h . iio been beautifully introduced , ami first nml foremost that ofthe post-office ; railroads hava been laid down nil _otcr Euroup , and people have scattered" _tlicmselvi-. s through each other ' s countries , seeing nnd enjoying , _inbuad of seeing and destroying . In ' every result of interest and
pleasure * fte have been the gainers . We have neither piled up heaps of dead men on the plains of the imminent , { _yw of national debt at home . We have not _I'Xiisnu-atiid ou r & lyes against each . other , but hnvc sate _Eiigli-h mid Frenci ' i ; -Qermaii 3 and French , Italians and French , in fact , all people of all European nations hobnobbing together , sume selling silks , some sel ing broad cl .. tb . and some selling wines . "There have bem fewer swords , but more _pudding-knives , fewer .. _inufltcts but more muslins sold . How mueh wiser ! What thousands of us , amid the mountains and vineyards , and in . ihc city-hulls ' of tbo continent , have felt our hearts glow with coidial regard for tlio hearts that so kindly beat towards us ; have grasped the hand . _i that were extended towards us in the warmest of welcomes ; have sate _i-ijuicing _avnii * _, tlio smiles of amiable faees _, that , { haii war _ta-cn going instead of peace , would all have heen dead masses m human corruption , buneil iu festering heaps on solitary plainr , whero men , calling themselves _eivilisid _, had risen , in a rabid fury against eaeh other , that weuld be a libel ou demons to call demoniac .
Sueh thoughts as these , wo are sure , havo lisited every ono who has set UU foot , if late _j-tai-s _. on Ihe soil uf what we used to call the land of our natural _enemits . They have gone ou softening , instructing , harmonising us ; and we hare seen , ou all hands , cheering crid n _« s that ihe world was at length coming to its senses . In the works of popular authors , in the _spuei-hes of members of Parliament , in the tone and acts of (" fovernmnu , there has been a plain and positive determination towards the _establishment of the sentiment as a national sentiment , that war was not merely folly , it was wickedness ; and that peace was at once profitable and praiseworthv
"But when the public tendency of tiii gs jumps with our private _feelinjs and connections , we are apt iu our delight to outlcap the aetual progress of facts ; and we must confess , that events of late have giv . il us a startling shock as it regards thu actual advance ot' this very principle of peace , or rather of the actual decline of tho old bull-dog spirit of contention . The war on the Sutlej , and the reception ofthe news of its results in England , have given us a solemn pause , and _re-awakm a host of anxious feelings , lt is not that we are' inclined to undeiv _: _\ tii tl 0 skill and valour of our generals , or the adamautiiio bravery of our men , one whit more than the most vociferous _applauders of victorious war . It is nut now for the first rllme that we have to learn or _uekliowltidge that Englishmen , of whatever rank or stat on , are _meu of th * highest rank in the lists of humanity . That they _possess every species of talent fortitude , and dauntless courage which can inhabit the human breast , and which in peace , in war , in any case or situation where they cau be demanded , will give them the mastery over their
fellowmen . Wc know all this ; we need not be told of it ; but we know too that these virtues are the more godlike as they are employed on works of peace and not on bloodshed , on cementing and not dividing , on blessing and not en destroying , mankind . Is Lord Hardinge , or Lord Gough—are the _thousaads of officers and privates who advanced against the murderous _oiinnon of the Sikhs ns against inevitable death—are these men now to be acknowledged to be admirably brave 1 We knew it before ; wo / could havo predicted it of any number of Englishmen placed in the same circumstances . Wu are not , therefot e , going to rob them of one grain of credit for their valour : if you call them valiant , we call them valiant too ; if you protest that they are most invincible warriors , we protest it too ; if you insist vehemently that they possess the highest moral qualities , we insist on it as vehemently , but we should be far better pleased lo 9 e 6 those qualities exercised on peaceful improvements , and the heroism of social progress , than on the old bad business of destruction .
It is said , on all hand" , that this war is absolutely just and _inevitable ; that we have been ia no way the aggressors or provokers . It will be a great saisf ' action if it prove so ; but it must be confessed that it is a little early to pronounce positively on this head , amidst tho tumult of victory , and the huiry of success . What makes it at least suspicious is , that the same has been said of all and every war in which wc have been engaged in any quarter of the world . The phrase has ever been the same— "this necessary and righteous war ! " Subsequent calm investigation has generally shown every sueh war to have been unnecessary nnd iiwightftous _, and our history in India has been a sad sequence of aggression and usurpation . At the very least , tbis shout of applause at
homo ; this thunder of _rejoicing eannun ; these acclamations uf _Parliaraiint ; this sudden cl-YHtion of coinniiii * _ders into lurils ; must be confessed to be dreadful incentives to fresh _bloodshed . With peace in Europe , and a Urge army in India whose ofiieers want proinuiiun , will their affairs rest long without a tVesh plausible gr ,. und for a Oiimpiilsn which is to turn Iku ' enants into captains , captains into generals , and generals into lords ? When they-sce ihat on the very heels of those Indian victories , Lord G . _iugh remils _i' 70 , 000 ihenci _" , for the purchase of an estate in Ireland , will not lordships and estates , suddenly plucked from the plunder of the enemy , soon raise fresh enemies to plunder f Let the friends of peace and the principles of peace look to this .
This is the dark _sidt _* . let U 3 non- turn to the bright one . The outbreak in India has shown us that there is a hugs mass of thc old leaven in ihe public mind to be watched and guarded against ; but the iiiiairol' Oregon has sliown , as clearly , that we are still advancing nn the right way ; that we have advanced and taken a firm stand on principles , and on a philosophy mere honest and beautiful than the world ever yet as a world ' avowed . In no case of national affront did theEnglish government ever maintain a conduct so noble and so entirely to tbe satisfaction of the nation . They have borne patiently , but like firm and wise men , much hectoring conduct on the part of tbe American ministry . What wosld swine years ago have thrown any ministry into a perfect Hame , has only calied forth fresh evidences of patience , candour , atsd a sincere destoe to _wegatAaU like men nnd not fight like savages .
This is most cheering , and not tlie less cheering has been the spirit of the people on both _siik' 3 ofthe ocean . There has been a considerable war party in America , and much sound and fury , but it has been evident timt that was not the voice of the people at largo . On the contrary , and thi'is the most animatingpoint of consciousness at which we have arrived , the people in both countries have displayed tho most earnest and admirable desire for the preservation of peace . Common interests and common sense have , it is true , swayed them in no trifling degree , and vie rejoice that these every-day motives have obtained such ascendancy , but the higher and more cementing influences , Christian fellowship and duty , have been not the less conspicuous . Proudest and most cheering sig ht of all has been to see The _People , the general _masP , nay
the very working classes , taking the lead in the demand for peace and union . Thc world once coma to this pitch that the common people take the lead in ihe preservation of the common weal , and the great cause is gained . When they who always have beeu , hitherto , the food of war , refuse to be flung into its mouth like _fngpots into au oven , war must perish of inanition . When they who have been hitherto taken unceremoniously hj the necks , and pushed nose to nose iuto other people ' s quarrels , refuse to be made mere curs of , aud worry one another for tlieir masters' amusement , there will he no quarrels . And tbut time is come to a certain degree . Between what are called Christian nations theinatter is fettled . Thepeoplo declare against murder en masse , and statesmen will take care not to lag behind and show tiieir weakness . # # * #
While this is going through tht press we rejoice to learn , by the following extract from one of his letters , thatElihu Burritt , the peace-preaching American black _, smith , is on his way to England . " For some time past thc idea has been running in our miud , that a voyage to England , and a short visit in that country would much benefit our outward man . "Wo have been much confined during the last two or three years , mid thus deprived of the physical exercise which our earliest habits have rendered constitutionally necessary to our health _. We have thought , therefore , of this plau _, whieh we would now submit to the committee of the whole list of our readers and friends . About the first of June , we propose , under certain conditions , to take steamer or packet for England . On our arrival , we propose to take a private hickory stuff mid . travel on , like Bunyan ' s pilgrim , through the country , at the rate of about ten miles a day , " With a pocket for my wheat and n pot-bet for my rye ,
And a jug of water by my side , to drink when 1 am dry . " * Passing thus leisurely on foot tht ongh the agricultural districts , we anticipate tlie opportunity oi'looking through the hedges and into barn yards ; sometimes into the kitchens of the common people , once in a while into a blacksmith ' s shop to smite at the anvil . In fact , we intend to pull at every latch string _th-it we find outside tha door or gate , and study the _physiology of turnips , hay ricks , cabbages , hops , Ac , and all kinds of cattle , sheep , and swine . We propose to avoid thc lions of the _country and confine our walls to the lowlands of common-life ; and to have our conversation and communion chiefly with the _labouring classes . _Ptrhnps we might get together a knot of them some moonshiny night , and talk to them a little on temperance , peace , and universal brotherhood . _During such a pedestrian tour we think we might hear and see some things which n person could not do while whiz 7 . _ing through the country , on the railroad , nt tbe rate of thirty miles au hour .
Present From Meuemkt Au To Bbb Majestv. —
Present from Meuemkt Au to bbb _Majestv . —
On Tuesday Morning, A Handsome Nnrse, « ...
On Tuesday morning , a handsome nnrse , « _«« u at the value of 2 . 000 ¦ ¦ _eninens , - arrived at Hng _* iton by the General Steam Navigation Company _snacket , the Magnet , ns a present to ber Majesty lrom Mehemet Ali , and was immediately forwarded to London by railway .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 27, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_27061846/page/7/
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