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^ THE MEMBERS THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAM ) ASSOCIATION.
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f laeditary bondsmen, fcnow ye not, 4 ^ ...
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^ .; . ?,,, .- : * _ '" '^'^'lii^S^^ AND...
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V0L - x - NO-446- LONDON, sItOR^OaY: ^W^...
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THE CHARTIST ESTATE. IO THE EDITOR OF IH...
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TO BOSTHOON, OF SHEFFIELD. Mr Dear Bosth...
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-Liverpool, May 25th, 184G. . Dear Sir,—...
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&npmal iarliaiwm
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HOUSE OF LORDS, Monday , Mat 25. This be...
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mitted;thB i buiidens of ithe country wo...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ The Members The Chartist Co-Operative Lam ) Association.
_^ THE MEMBERS THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAM ) ASSOCIATION .
F Laeditary Bondsmen, Fcnow Ye Not, 4 ^ ...
f _laeditary _bondsmen , fcnow ye not , 4 _^ oddbefi _^ FORSELFlIDST TILL THELAOT . } Ir vkht Dear Fhiexds , It would be impossible , utterly impossible for me _jofind words to express the sensations of pleasure I feel , not at the prospect , but at tbe certainty , of suedes that must attend out national project . Any person that ' vfeited your estate at the time that I last addressed yon , and who saw it now , would be
store than astonished at the change . A person _ju-aCClE ' _xm _^ bave felt some awe at the "ahdertakbg , iiot only in consegnence of the heavy -amount of work that was to be done , but perhaps jnorefitun the opposition which he _isSght naturally _Respect to receive from all classes in tie _neighbonrhood . J , however , was not frightened at the work , while I am bound to express my . thanks aad gratitude for the -trilling co-operation that I have reeeived on all hands .
In the outset a strong prejudice -was manifested ag ainst the project , but a little friendly communication has not only secured tbe co-operation of the _janners and some of the gentlemen , hut has actually " aspired the labouring _clasaea with , so much admiration for the plan as to induce them to ask permission to open a district in the neighbourhood . The farm bad been long mismanaged by afeebleold gentleman , and had remained from time immemorial within the same _inclosures . Some of the fences were seven
yards wide , full of hushes and old roots of trees . Out of t _* bis heretofore usele * s land , I have made over six acresof the best ground on ihe estate , and , whatwill please you most ia , that I expect a profit upon reclaiming it—that is , I expect more for the roots and faggots _tiian the labour cost . There were old buildings npon the premises for which we did not pay , they went in with the purchase . I refused £ 130 for tiiem ; Monday and Tuesday we demolished them to the ground as if by magic , and from them I expect to realise about £ 160 .
Adraw--well _* u > bein _^ suhkserve one portion of the occupants ' with water , another will be sunk in another part of the estate , and in another partis a never-fiiiling spring . In another portion there is a pond of soft water that I am told is never dry . The men are now engaged in making a toad right through the centre ofthe estate . There is a highway on one side , and there will be access from each cottage to those roads . By the time I write next I shall be able to tell yoa that the building of the cottages goes on apace . The mortar is made , and the
carpenters are at work . On Friday the foundations will be prepared , and the allotments laid out . We have given orders for ten boat loads of the best stable dung , at sixty tons to the boat load , and that amount will be drawn in fair proportions to tiie several allotments . Now that ' s the value of co-operation . No one , two , or three occupants could possibly purchase the dung for more than double" ! the price . We shall sot sell all the mots , but intend supplying each _ctcnpant with a good pile of the very best of firing , irhicn he may cut np and use at his leisure .
Tour cottages , notwitlistanding the ravings ofthe anti-labour Weekly Dispatch , will be such as proud men may live in , and indeed one of the reasons why , _-,. the Directors preferred building them all themselves s _' was , that they might be responsible for the work and Y _for every bit of timber that went into them . We consulted , and feared that we should be liable to disputes , to bad materials or bad work , if we performed itfby contract , and , therefore _. ' never shrinking from : any responsibility , we resolved npon doing the work oufselvea . Yonr houses wQl be roofed with the best _iSsglish oak , yonr sitting-rooms and bed-rooms will _Kbe'iloored with the best deals , and in short the work
I-shall be dons so as to give satisfaction to the most ¦ _y sceptical . Oa Monday I bad a long day of it , in -f company with our foreman and manager , Mr . Cul-• lingham _. a staunch Chartist builder . We walked ' l over every field of an Estate of 300 acres , and got J wet up to the knees . We then went to TJxbridge , and purchased aU the Timber of the best description , I at the most respectable house . We also _purchased a , \ quantity of Ironmongery and other things , and I gave orders for Agricultural Tools for you , made of the Tery best materials , at the _wholesale price . I _^ _to , On my way I saw a Cow that had just calred , a
black cow without horns , and I bought her . SHE GIVES 28 QUARTS A DAY ' . !! What say you to that ? That cow , when the men have done with the mflfr , for _wiieh they pay twopence a . quart , ire shall sell , and if there is a profit it shall go to the credit ofthe occupants , if there ' s a loss I'll bear it myself . Twenty-eight quarts a day at twopence a quart is 4 s . Sd ., or £ 1 12 s . 8 d . a week , so that such i cow would pay the rent ofa two acre farm in four weeks . Not , mind , that I wish to lead you astray by supposing that every cow wonld be as good , or that all eould get sale for so much milk , bnt I do say that do man need keep a worse cow . When the
agricnltural labourers hear the price to be paid for the several allotments they exclaim , "Why I pay more for a poor cottage , without abit of land . " The fame of Our project has gone so far that a highly respectable Clergyman , whose church is within about three miles ofthe estate , selected it for his Discourse on Sunday last . He said , "What is there that can possibly SO much interest a -working man as the possession ofa House and a hit of Land of his own . It is the one tiling to which all the labouring class should look ! " Now , my dear friends , observe well what I am going to say to yon . The man who would try to disconrage the working classes from reaping tbe entire fruits oftheir own labour mnst be * a bad
man but , what is more important , observe , that no man , no matter what his calling may be , employs labour with any other intention than that of making profit—in plain short . terms , that every man who lives idly , lives npon a profit out of other men ' s labour . Now what I seek , is not only togive every man the whole and undiminished value of his own labour , but tOTender individual labour still more valuable by cooperation . Now , let me explain this to jou from a circumstance that has occurred on the farm . The labourers are many of them working In gangs of si * , at _^ ork at which one , or even two . could not earn a
slulling a day , while by co-operation they can earn 3 s . 6 d . a day . Last week I had some men at job work , aud some at day ' s work . Twelve men at day ' s work earned £ 6 Os . Od ., and seven men at job work earned £ 512 s . 6 d . ; each worked five days . I never had to go near the men working at task , while 1 had to stick close to those working day ' s work . The ! men working task -worked from five in the morning tali sev en in the evening , and the difference between their two cases is jnstwhatl have shewn you many a time , makes the difference between a man having a lease and no lease : between a man working for
himself and working for another ; when he works for himself his labour is all bis own , he works cheerfully , and as no one will deny that labour is thc source of all wealth , hy making every man his own master , we would more than double the wealth of thecountry . But then the hitch is that the profit would go iuto a DIFFERENT CHANNEL . Besides this , the employer is a great gainer by job work , for I am sure that those seven men would not by day ' s work have performed the same amount in a fortnight , while they wonld have cost you £ 8 8 s ., instead of £ 512 s . Gd ., and they would not have been half so -well satisfied .
In order to carry ont thc principle of Co-operation _tothemostvaluableextentjitis ourintention to manufacture upon the spot such articles of furniture as are indispensable , for instance , good solid kitchen tables , bedsteads , dressers and chairs , for which we have an abundance of the best cherry-tree ; of course , those who wish to bring their own may please themselves . If my health is of any value to the working class community , I wish they could see my pale face _"torncdrntoagoodsound _i _Sun-burnt , ruddy complexion . When 1 left London I could scarcely hobble , now I
can jump over the gates without opening them . I am up every morning at G o ' clock , and when I look out at my window at the prospect , and think of the number my labours will make happy , I feel myself a giant . Every minute of every day is devoted to the undertaking , and the more the rascally alarmists seek to intimidate yon , the more I am determined to astonish you . We shall be in a much better situation with our next estate , for yoa know " experience makes men wise , " although , as yet , we have not lost a fraction . And although you were told that there
F Laeditary Bondsmen, Fcnow Ye Not, 4 ^ ...
was a difficulty about mortgaging , we . have been offered money at four per cent , upon the estate . By next week , when the cottages begin to peep above the ground it is my intention to hare an artist down to furnish a faithful engraving of the estate , and , when complete , to give it yon in the Northern Star . I think that I have broken down all the prejudice which the occupants were likel y to find upon their arrival . I have pledged myself that the neighbour - hood will find them the most moral , the most industriousthe most comfortable , and the very best
, neighbours . While I pledge myself to the occupants that so far NOW from receiving any opposition , they _willmeetwitheveryencouragement . Theagricultursl labourers have been kept at such a distance by all other classes , thatthemanandhis wife who have lived care-takers ot tne nouse for seven years , expressed _ihegreatestaistonishmentatmysitting inthechirnney corner with them , from 8 till 10 o ' clock at night , telling them stories tbat make them laugh , and explaining : the land plan to them . They were really astonished at THE FREEDOM THE
GENTLEMAN MADE WITH THEM—THAT HE HAD NO MORE PRIDE THAN ONE OF THEMSELVES . In this they are mistaken , however , as my groat pride consists in instructing them and their class , while I would be very sorry to devote so much of my time to the amusement of their oppressors . _^ The farmers here are in regular fits at the notion _' of the Corn Laws being . repealed ; one -very extensive fanner _observrag . — " I AM DASHED , SIR , IF [ ONCE THEY ARE REPEALED , IF WE I DON'T ALL TURN CHARTISTS . HOW THE
DEVIL CAN WE PAY RENTS , AND THOSE PARSONS , AND TAXES , AND ALL THE REST OF IT , THEN I" I don't recollect any more to say at the present moment , further than that I am glad to find the 2 nd section going on so well—indeed there is not the slightest reason why it should not keep pace with the 1 st section , especially as its members will have all the advantage of our ex . perience , and all the inducement that a certainty of
success must hold out . I cannot too often remind yoa of the fact , that not a shilling has been spent in advertising our association ; that not a fraction has been improperly abstracted from the funds ; that of onr numerous officers not one has been defaulter to the amount of a penny ; and that there has not been a single complaint ; that failure is impossible , because there will be no fraud ; that success is inevitable , because we have resolved that it SHALL
SUCCEED ! The season invites—the prospect invites ; and when I look out of my little window in the old house and see the sun shining in the morning ; and when I hear the birds singing their merry notes in thankfulness , my heart sickens to think of the numbers of human beings that are doomed by a vicious system to pine during the hot summer weather in sweating rooms , stinking rattle-boxes , loathsome cellars , and grinding poor-houses . It is enough to make one fret to read of the fever in _Ashton-under-Lyne , when he j reflects that it is a CLASS LEGISLATION FEVER . There is no fever at Herringsgate ; I wish _thejpiuers could see the straight frames , the brawny arms , the bright eyes , and cheerful countenances oi
the OPPRESSED AGRICULTURAL SLAVES who earn only twelve shillings a week , and a pound at hay-time and harvest , and a pound and more at task work and at less unhealthy labour , than the rattle box slave is doomed to . I do hope and trust , that i thousands will pay np in time for the next ballot ; and , as there seems to be a disposition for five rooms and four acres , that aU who can afford it , beg it , or borrow it , will entitle themselves to ballot on the first Monday in July ; and I also trust that the Directors will be shortly in a situation to make the first purchase for No . 2 .
I may just mention that some builders attempted to _frighten ns with the difficulty of getting- sand and other materials , while we , without much labour and a little perseverance , have discovered as much sand as would build a town , in the very centre ol the estate . I remain , my Friends , Your very faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus O ' _Cohxor .
^ .; . ?,,, .- : * _ '" '^'^'Lii^S^^ And...
_^ . ; . ? ,,, .- : * _ '" ' _^ ' _^ 'lii _^ _S _^^ AND NATIONAL' TMBl _^ _PiiiE ! _f- _^ M
V0l - X - No-446- London, Sitor^Oay: ^W^...
V 0 L - x - NO-446- LONDON , sItOR _^ OaY : _^ W _^^^^& _BM _& S _^ C
The Chartist Estate. Io The Editor Of Ih...
THE CHARTIST ESTATE . IO THE EDITOR OF IHE XORTHERN STAB . Sir , —As placing the cultivator of the soil in a position to eat the fruits of his industry , gathered from his own inheritance , will form a new era in the social economy of the inhabitants of" These wealthy Islands , " a more graphical account ( than has yet appeared ) of Herringsgate Farm , the primary Chartist estate , will not , I-trust , prove unacceptable to your readers . Herringsgate Farm is situate upon an acclivity gradually sloping to the river Colne , which not only enriches the meadows through which it flows , butalso by revolving numerous mills placed at
short distances gives employment to a considerable number of the industrious members of the body politic . Within a circle of two miles there are seven paper mills , a silk mill of considerable extent , and a copper mill giving employment to very many hands . The most direct road , from London to Herringsgate , is through Harrow and Pinner , the pedestrian will save two miles of ground if , when he arrives at Batchworth-heatb , about three miles from Pinner , he turns to the left and keeps the highway towards _Harefield until he reaches a road leading to Hill—( _Vulgo Hell , ) and , at the foot of which , by asking the way to Long-lane , he will be directed to a bridge that crosses the Canal , and on to a foot-road that
leads toMr . Sibley ' s Farm , a half mile from Herrings _; gate The estate being nearly equi-distant from the West Drayton Station , on the Great Western Hail- road , and the "Watford Station on ihe London and i Birmingham , tliese lines offer cheap and speedy _, means of conveyance to different metropolitan localities . By the former route the traveller must proceed to TJxbridge , from thence to Herefield , when he will inquire the way to the copper mills , he must there cross the canal and proceed to West-hydc , and Maplecross , which is within a mile of Herringsgate , and as a foot-road cuts off a considerable angle the traveller had better ask his way at the sign of the i Cross . The road via , Watford lays direct through
Rickmansworth to the village of Mill End , at the foot of which village a foot-road leads to Herringsgate that cuts off the angle . I shall conclude with recommending a route that will delight the most fastidious traveller in search of the picturesque . On quitting the Watford Station , the pedestrian will keep the road till he arrives at Cashiobury Parklodge , the seat of the Earl of Essex , he will pass through the lodge gates and keep the foot-read through tbe Park that leads to Croxley-green , from _Croxley-greenhe will proceed to Loudwater _, aud crossing a stile continue along the foet-road to Chorleywood , from thence to Herringsgate . Chorleywood _, May 20 , 1816 . B .
The Chartist Estate. Io The Editor Of Ih...
it makes no difference ; whatever to the society bi * the shareholders whether land is purchased at £ 14 or £ 80 an acre . Nor yoa didn't imderstand , that setting the land down at £ 18 15 s . was a mere standard of regulation , I will tell you how we arrived at the £ 18 15 s . We estimated fair farming land at 15 s . an acre , which , at twenty-five years' purchase , is £ 18 16 s ., but it does not signify a turnip whether we gave that smn or any other sum for the land . Now . for _^ Gnrolment , ' Bosthoon . The society
could not , be enrolled . under the old law , it can be enrolled , and WILL BE ENROLLED , under the new law ; but , Bosthoon ; tbe _^ _bing'that appears to puzzle you is , that the occupants must pay rent , to SOME ONE . Now , like a goodfellow ,: if _natureidid : intend you to -wear long ears , ! don't add to their length youreelf _. _' for _tbat's the way yoa have always been LABOURING TJNPROFITABLY . Thanks to your balderdash , look to the announcement of amount received this week from Sheffield as " the
answer to your BRAY . Your best friend and one who always ' labours profitably for others , FeABOUS O'COKNOB . Bailiff to the Charlist Co-operative Land Association .
To Bosthoon, Of Sheffield. Mr Dear Bosth...
TO BOSTHOON , OF SHEFFIELD . Mr Dear Bosthoon , —So you have discovered two marcs' nests , the one , that land cannot be purchased for £ 18 l-5 s . an acre , and the other , that the Society ia not enrolled . "Sow , just open your eyes and see , open your ears and hear . On Friday last , at the Auction Mart , London , I saw 432 acres of excellent land , under-drained , within three miles of Higham Ferrers , within seven miles of Wellingborough and eleven of Bedford , sold by Hoggart and Norton , for £ 14 . 9 s . and a fraction per acre . Youshall have a sum of it . The whole fetched . £ 9 , 000 , which
wonld be £ 22 4 s . and a fraction per acre . It was tithe _freeTthe redemption of which waa worth £ 2400 , there is £ 300 worth of timber , and old materials worth £ 500 for building , all of which was included in the purchase , and I believe the land tax is redeemed , as the . Auctioneer stated so . Now , put £ 2 , 400 , £ 500 , and £ 300 together , and you will find that it makes £ 3 , 200 . Take £ 3 , 200 from £ 9 , 600 and you will have £ 6 , 400 , then divide 432 , the number of acra , into £ 6 , 400 , the purchase money , and you will find the result to be £ 14 . 9 s . per acre . Now , two acres of that land and a cottage , the society could let for about £ 410 s . per annum " , besides giving £ 15 capital ; for you don't seem to understand that
-Liverpool, May 25th, 184g. . Dear Sir,—...
-Liverpool , May 25 th , 184 G . . Dear Sir , —I beg to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 22 nd hiit ., containing a Post-office order , for tbe sum of £ 3 9 Bi 6 d ., received by you from tbe Masons of Duurobin Castle , in aid of the operative builders of Liverpool aud Birkenhead . The operative classes are much indebted to you for yonr able advocacy of tbeir cause , for many years past , and allow me , in behalf of the body I here represent , to thank you kindly for the many favours we have received . The working classes generally , are beginning to see how much they are concerned in the doings at Westminster as well as at home , and the day , I trust , is not very far
distant when the sons of labour will enjoy those rights that have been too long withheld , in addition to those which the master builders are ( in vain I hope ) endeavouring to wrench from them , for if they succeed in the building trade , all others will foUow their example , and the whole working community will be reduced to the very brink _ofslarerr . Shall this ever come to pass , I ask . ? Let every working man answer emphatically—it shall not , and each give his mite of support and victory is certain . In conclusion , allow me to thank the masons of Dunrobin for their favour , and believe me to remain Yours , in the cause of freedom , Thomas Cabteb .
To resigns O'Connor , Esq . P , S _, —All subscriptions for the Operative Builders of Liverpool and Birkenhead , to be made payable to me , and addressed , George Forth , Hood-street , Liverpool , and an account of sums so remitted to be inserted in the Northern Star .
&Npmal Iarliaiwm
_& _npmal _iarliaiwm
House Of Lords, Monday , Mat 25. This Be...
HOUSE OF LORDS , Monday , Mat 25 . This being the day appointed for the second reading of the Corn Importation Bill in the House ot Lords , the passages leading to the gallery wer « thronged with those who had peers' orders for admission some time before the doors were opened ; the seats set apart for strangers were far too few to accommodate the applicants , and many lingered for a long time about the door , hoping that some persons who had been admitted would quit their places . The body of the house was filled very early ; shortly after 5 o ' clock there were nearly 200 peers present . Lord Stanley did not come in until about 20 minutes past 5 . The Duke of Richmond and some other peers immediately went up to him and shook hands .
i BIRTH OF A PRINCESS . The Duke of Wellington : I have to announce to your Lordships that her Majesty was safely delivered ofa Princess this day , at three o ' clock in the afternoon . I beg , therefore , according to the usual practice to move , that an humble address be presented to her Majesty on the birth of another Princess , and to assure her Majesty that every addition to her Majesty ' s domestic happiness affords the highest satisfaction to the House of Lords . ( Hear , hear . ) _JLord _Melbourne ; My . Lords , I know tbat it is unnecessary accerding to the forms of the house that any motion should be seconded , and I know that it would be superfluous if I said one single word ou this subject . ( Hear , hear . ) ,-A great number of petitions in favour of , and against the Corn Bill , were presented by various Peers .
CORN IMPORTATION BILL . The Earl of Ripon moved the second reading of the Bill . The noble Earl entered into an elaborate vindication of his conduct upon the question of tlie Corn Laws . "When he introduced the Corn Bill in 1815 , he did it , he said with great reluctance , and then told Lord Liverpool that he had the greatest objection to the princi p le of any Corn Law whatever _, lie had never voted ior a Corn Law on account of any question of rent , or because of any charges on thc owners of land , or on the ground of its being part ofa system of national industry ; he had voted for it solely pn account of the peculiar circumstances ofthe period . Lord Ripon proceeded to review the changes which had been made in the Corn Law from 1791 to 1842 , . to show that it had never been regarded as a permanent system , and that protection was the least stable of principles . As it did not bear with it tbe character of permanency , it was completely a question
of time , and therefore the question of principle was gone . The noble Earl alluded to the state of Ireland for the purpose of admitting that he did not la ) much stress upon the deficiency of food there as an argument for the passing of this measure . The most specious plea that had been urged against the Bill was that of its throwing the land out of cultivation . But in the prices obtained fur far ins since the introduction of this measure he could se e no indication of alarm amongst the purchasers of land . The noble Earl having expressed his opinion that the Corn Law might safely terminate at once instead ol at the end of three years , he concluded by declaring that he could not take any shame to himself * for having undertaken to propose this Bill ( though he knew that he was open to the charge of inconsistency , and of having unnecessarily abandoned principles whieh he had f ' ormenly supported ) because the reasons upon which he had heretofore voted for a Corn Law do not
now exist . The Duke of Richmond moved as an amendment that the Bill be read a second time that day six months . A measure so likely to inflict a deadly blow upon British agriculture , aud , therefore , on' our national greatness , never before was proposed by any minister . Their Lordships had just cause of complaints against the government for not having fairly stated what the average price of corn would be under this Bill . If they had considered its effect , it was unpardonable in them to withhold such important information from the house ; and Sir R . Ph ' was the first minister who had dared to propose so great a change , 'vithout imparting those calculations upon which it would have been based , and which
calculations were most probably not made until after the government were pledged to the alteration . The Noble Earl ( Ripon ) had gone through all the Acts from 1 * 791 down to 1842 , but had not said a word again 3 t the Act of 1842 ; yet it was this Act ouly ivhich their Lordships were called upon to repeal . The Duke of Richmond contrasted the speech of the Mr . Robinson and the Lord Ripon of the opposition benches in 1841 , with the Lord Ripon ofthe present day , and proved out of the mouth of the now President ofthe Board that land would be thrown out ol cultivation—that England would be completely at the mercy of foreign nations—that the most disastrous consequences would result if ever protection should be reduced to an 8 s . fixed duty—and that if
the Bill ol 1812 was not proposed as & final measure , the men who proposed it were guilty of the basest political offence , and of the most egregious folly . The Noble Duke having shown the amount of capital employed in the cultivation ofthe land , and the improvements that had been undertaken on the faith ol the law of 1842 , asked , would their Lordships sane tion a retrospective measure for the confiscation oi all this capital , to please a section of Manchester men , who wanted to work the land on political economical principles , having first cleared the land ol the labourers that we attached to it by birth anu long-cemented associations , lie knew tbat if tlieir
Lordships votes were taken b y ballot there would not be f ound ten balls in favour of the bill ; and those who had a feeling of objection to desert the Government should remember that it waa the government who had deserted them , and that Sir R . Peel had no more chance of gaining the confidence of the people than he had of sitting on the throne . They should remember , too , that this Bill was only accepted as an instalment , and that future changes , whicli would shake the foundation of the Throne , which would cripple the Church , and uproot the great institutions of the country , entailing endless confusion and anarchy would inevitably follow .
House Of Lords, Monday , Mat 25. This Be...
; Eabl _FmwiLLuu , although he disliked :, « i » i _^ i exceedingly , should vote for it , lest it should be 1 _*^; ' He ' wished it had ; been an _immediate- repeal , " and thought : it neither right or decent of the Government to bring it before their Lordships in a shape that admitted of neither alteration or an-ehdment . He also considered the Minister should have accompanied hi _^ _Bill . with a statement of the calculations he . had . formed of the probable price of corn under itsoperation . r _, .:, . . _.., _., : The Duke of Cleveland opposed the second read ing . He had voted in the majority of . one which overthrew the Whig Government on the 8 s ; fixed duty ; and having , therefore , the right to assume that his vote turned the _scaled he felt bound now to declare that had he supposed the" present Ministers
would have abandoned the cause , of Protection as they . had , he would have cud off his hand rather than have'helped them into office'ih i 84 i ; . "¦' ¦ '¦ y ' ' _TheMarquisof Lo » DONDBKRr " sapp 6 rted the Bill . A farmer in tho north of England had . expressed himself satisfied with the Ministerial 'measure , because he should be obliged * W gro *) r ; _twp _^ blades of grass where he now only grows one . ' ; As to the charge of inconsistency—there was hbt' _% ' ore than "' Bix ' 6 f their Lordships who ever before voted for a total repeal of the Corn Laws , and considering that fa majority were how prepared to vote in favour of the repeal , he thought they were not liable to any accusation of change of _opinion . _¦>'¦*"<* .. ' .. ¦ :. ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ •! -. Lord Stanley began by expressing-great distrust
in his own powers , but he f elt , strong in a conviction of the troth of _tfte < cause he supported , when cuter _, ing upon the defence of a system oHaw which had been designated by Earl Fitzwilliam an absurd system , and which had been vigorously assailed by those who had hitherto ably and strenuously defended it , and to whom it owed Us Tery existence ; Upon the question of authority , he appealed from the authority of the living to that ofthe dead ; from statesmen of the present day to Lord Chatham , Mr . Pitt , and Mr . Huskisson ; to Lord Liverpool , Mr . Canning , and Lord Grey . The Earl of Ripon had denied that the Legislature had recognized the principle of protecting native industry as a reason for regulating the importation of corn , whereas such a
principle had been adopted so early as the reign o ( Edward TV ., and it had been continued to be the rule of our legislation up to the present time , that it was expedient to secure the independence of this country upon foreign nations for corn , and to give encouragement aud protection to the cultivation of its own soil . This had not only been our own policy , but at the moment when we were venturing upon the bold experiment of leaving the supply of this nation ' s food to chance , every other country in the world of any eminence maintained a protection to its agriculture . He did j ustico to the motives ef those who had brought forward this measure , and Sir Robert Peel in particular could not fail to have foreseen the dislocation and disruption of ties , the shock to public
confidence , and the distrust which it would occasion on the _patt of constituencies in public men and in Parliament . But the right hon . baronet had mistaken the emergency and the position in which he was placed : he had confounded the brawling torrent ol agitation with the deep , ( _stiU current of public opinion . Ministers bad been asked in auother place what they expected would be the result of this measure , and they frankly said they did not know . This measure , therefore , was introduced without a knowledge ot What its effects would be . ' The grounds assigned for thc measure were the famine in Ireland and the success of the tariff ; but these reasons were mutually at variance . If this Mil relieved the famine in Ireland , it could only be by bringing down the price of corn to _ the means of the
starving _, popnlation of Ireland . Their Lordships must distinguish between famine and great local scarcity . He spoke of famine in Ireland as a vision , a baseless vision , * he spoke in different terms of the amount of destitution and distress through the partial failure of the potatoe crop . When the subject came before the Cabinet of which he was a member , he yielded his own opinion and consented to a suspension , and a suspension only , ofthe Corn Law ; a total abolition he considered _unjustifiable itt itself ; but he was left alone . The noble lord t _" . ea _entered into details respecting the course he hau taken in these transactions , and then into statistical details applicable to the policy and effects ofthe existing Corn Law , and particularly to the operation
Ot the sliding scale , in checking the tendency of a rise in the price of corn , and in preventing tho'fluetuationof pwoos . This was a complete answer to those who said that fluctuation of prices was thc peculiar vice of the sliding scale ; whereas never had prices so fluctuated as during the free trade in corn , when we were most dependent on a foreign supply . In the prices of articles not subject to any slid ! ngscale , in which there was a free trade—potatoes and cotton , for example—the fluctuations were enormous . The present Corn Law had kept us independent of foreign nations , lowered , and maintained a steadiness in prices ; and would any man contend that these advantages had been purchased by a sacrifice of any interest ? Solar from it , our exports had increased ,
our shipping had increased , the value of land had augmented ; why , then , was this hazardous experiment to be made ? The system of manufacturing prosperity was not without its danger ; it should not be checked ; but it ought to be carefully watched ; the power of production was always overtaking that of absorption , and if manufactures were pampered to an unwholesome increase , whon the bubble burst thc ruin weuld be extensive . But it was not clear that the repeal of the Corn Law would increase manufactures , if an argument was drawn from the effects ofthe tariff upon other articles , the price of corn would rise with the repeal of the duty , for that of wool had risen . Ho , however , contended that the price of corn would fall greatly ; that
we should have an inundation of foreign corn at 40 s . a quarter ) making that about the price of corn in the British market . The large profits of the foreign corn-grower on the importation of the article into England would furnish him with capital , which he would apply to the _rai-ing of more corn . And how were the manufacturers to be benefitted by tbis measure ? Only by the reduction of wages . The price of labour must fall with the price of corn . If the labourers' wages were to be reduced , they ought to have the balanco of advantages fairly put belore them . The noble Lord then showed the fallacy ot the notion that Russia , Prussia , and the United States would not take our manufactures because we did not take their corn , and that our exports to these
countries would increase after the bill pas & ed . But admitting that there would be a great increase in the exports of our manufactures , difficulties might arise and war intervene ; and when foreign markets were closed against us , and we had destroyed onr home markets , then would be _, tho period of bitter suffering to all , and especially to our artisans . The noble Lord then - proceeded to describe his anticipations of the results of the measure on the home market , and the condition ofthe great bulk of tho community . He said thc contemplated reduction will be equivalent to a reduction of 40 s . an acre on the whole land of the country , and when you accompany that reduction with a corresponding reduction on other articles , you will find that it will eat up the
whole of the rental of the landed proprietors . ( Hear , hear . ) But that loss will ultimately fall not mainly on the landlords , but it will also fall on the tenantfarmers and the agricultural labourers , * for the first step which those tenant-farmers will be obliged to take , will be to relieve themselves from all extra outlay . They must suspend all intended improvements , they must discharge their labourers , they must reduce the rate of wages , and the result will be to pour those unhappy labourers into the manufacturing dis tricts , then , in hopeless competition , endeavouring to procure thc lowest species of employment—carrying their wretchedness along with them , to pine away ia misery in manufacturing towns , then to add to the other grievances of competition—pressing
down the rate ot wages oi * both thc agricultural and tho manufacturing operatives—reducing them far below that standard which would exist had eaeh party been allowed to occupy its own sphere . ( Hear , hear . ) The first thing the landowner would bo obliged to do would be to dismiss a certain portion oi his establishment , the necessity of the case would demand the sacrifice , however painful , for , let It be boroe in mind , that whatever may be said against the landlords of this country , it cannot be stated of them tliey are a class of men who are guilty of either accumulating or of hoarding their wealth . ( " Hear , hear , " and cheers . ) On thc contrary , they spend their incomes in a becoming manner , so as to diffuse the largest amount of comfort among all classes . ( " Hear , hear , bear , " and cheers . ) But we are told
that , by reducing the amount ot employment , we are only adopting the principle ' s of free trade . ( Hear , hear . ) What is this principle of free trade ? Is it to dismiss every man that may be deemed useless or unprofitable , and to employ no man beyond that number wliich may be absolutely required to produce a certain profit to the employer ? ( Hear , hear . ) Was tiiere to be no consideration for those tenant-farmers who bad resided on the same lands , perhaps , for fifty years or more ? None whatever . ( Oh . ) We are told it would be more profitable to have one large farm than three small ones , and , therefore to act on that principle the command would go forth to pull down the small houses of human beings in order to carry out the principle of large farms . ( Hear , hear . ) By such a procedure , if per-
Mitted;Thb I Buiidens Of Ithe Country Wo...
mitted ; _thB _i _buiidens of ithe country wouid be only increased ; for , r . everi . should your feelings revolt at such a system , the law imposes on you the burden , and it imposes it on you exclusively , to maintain , not only the agricultural poor , biit also the poor manufacturing . operatives . But I have too high an opinion of the landlords of y England to suppose they would act on such a principle . I believe they will afford to the very utmost all the employment they can give to those who are in need in their respective localities . ( Hear , hear . ) The landlords know they have not to deal with Stocks or with stones—they know they have fo deal with human beings who have the same
attachments , the same _feelitigs , and the same affections and sympathies as themselves . I do not believe under the pressure of the greatest difficulties , the landlords of England would adopt , even for their own protection , that haled selfishness , those doctrines of political economy , which are in such high repute in particular quarters . ( " Hear _. _' _-hear / . hear , " and cheers . ) But should the system lie adopted in England , if yeu venture to recommend to the people of England , will you dare to adviso ita adoption for Ireland , the bulk of whese population consists of small farmers , varying from one to twelve or fifteen acres ; men who exist on the land , who have no capital , who admit they cannot pay half that rent which the possession of capital and skill would enable them to . do i A Hear , hear . ) "Will you carry into
Ireland your doctrines of political economy ? If you do the . landlords will suffer the clearance system I have heard denounced , and most justly . But in Ire- ; land , your doctrine _^ wjll produce a wholesale application of that system . ' ( Hear , hear . ) You may make much more money—you may endeavour to preserve yourselves from all loss by turning off your Irish tenants—you may endeavour to exhaust generation after generation—you may starve them out of possession—but would such a course be attempted , would it be legalised bylaw ? He would be a bold minister who would advise it—he would be a hardy man who would attempt to carry it intoeffect . ("' Hear , hear , hear , " and ' cheers . ) And do you tell me that the repeal of the Corn Laws out to be brought forward as measure of relief to Ireland . It might be in some
respects argued that it would be a measure of relief to England—yes , it might in a degree be a benefit to her population , not but I doubt it in the long run . ( Hear . ) But to apply it to Ireland , which exclusively exports her agricultural produce , which is entirely an export , and not an import country—to tell me that you are benefiting Ireland by reducing tho tariff on her exports to the amount of £ 2 , 000 , 000 a year is a proposition too monstrous to be entertained . for one moment . ( Hear , hear . ) The noble Lord then showed the injurious effects of the . measure upon the colonies . From a return which was laid before the House of Commons in 1845 , it appears that the colonial trade is exclusively carried on in British ships , by British seamen , and giving the
_profitsofthetradeonbothsidestoBritishsubjectsexcluaively . The exports in 1841 amounted _tojEli _. _Slf _. OOO . ( Hear . ) When you thus look at _theamounf . nf tbo export trade , will you destroy that principle of Protection which secures so large an amount of trade to this country ? ( Hear , hear . ) If you do , you destroy the whole of tbat basis on which our colonial system rests . ( Hear , hear . ) If you do not know the advantages of your colonies , I tell you Napoleon Buonaparte knew these advantages well . ( Hear , hear . ) By your colonial system being based on the principle of Protection you have extended your arms— -I do not mean your military arms , I mean your commercial arms ; and you have extended them to every corner of the globe . ( Hear , hear . ) To your colonial system yuu owe all you possess . Your owe your power and influence wherever the flag of England floats , wherever
her language is heard or uttered—in every clime , in every land . ( "Hear , hear , " and cheers . ) In every zone in either hemispheres —( "Hear , " and cheers)—the power and the sovereignty of Britain are acknowledged . Wherever that language is known , wherever that flag waves aloft , there you recognise those who participate in your common interests , who share in your glory , who sympathise in your adversity , who are proud to bear a part in your burdens , to be embraced within the arms of your commercial policy . They are proud , I say , to feel themselves to be thememberaof your greatandimperial Zollverein . ( Immense cheering . ) Mr . Cobden denounced the system of mutual protection , which he said was mutual robbery . I am not of that opinion . It may be a system where each sacrifices something to the
profits of trade _. for the purpose of ensuring reciprocity and a certainty of profit on both sides . I think it is a security against foreign interference—against foreign hostilities and foreign caprice . Neither do I think it will appear in the long run that that principle is very sound wlich enjoins us to buy under all circumstances in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market . But sure I am , that whatever disadvantage is sustained by a trifling increase in price to the home consumer on colonial produce , or vice versa by the loss incurred by thc colonist in purchasing British goods exclusively , thatdisadvantageischeaply purchased by the extent of power which we acquire by our system all over the world—by our having in every quarter friends , allies , and confederates—by having a certainty of employment and a certainty of consumption not to
be interfered with by foreign competition—by the amount of British shipping engaged—by the vast number of seamen employed , who are ready to give additional power and strength to this country whenever required . Yes , taking into account all Ihese things , I must declare that I concur with Mr . Cobden in his representation , that is not , indeed a mutual robbery , but a mutual insurance . ( Loud cheers . ) My Lords , I say again , that upon this very system ot Protection rests the whole of your colonial system . Isay , it rests upon it far more than pecuniary reasons . ( Hear , hear . ) I know very well the political economists say , "Cast off Protection—let there be Free Trade all over the world—give full advantages to Free Trade—let us have no Protection imposed for the maintenance of our colonies—cast the colonies
away . " My Lords , 1 say adopt that system . I do not doubt the loyalty of the colonies . I do not doubt even their attachment ; but I say you shall then have done all in your power to weaken the attachment , to loosen the bonds which tie the colonies to the mother country . ( Hear , hear . ) But once grant commercial independence , and , you may rely upon it , they have made a step towards political independence . With regard to Canada , we were going to break our promises to her , and more , we were about to destroy the communication by the St . Lawrence , and to make New York the channel ef our communication with Upper Canada ; whilst the United States saw eur suicidal policy , and were taking advantage of it . His Lordship continued : —When I am told it is essential to the manufacturing
prosperity of this country that there should be perfect Free Trade , I must presume that if you deprive colonial produce ofall protection , you cannot with any sort of fairness keep up a differential duty in favour of your own produce in the colonies . You could not be guilty of such grogs , such glaring injustice . Free Trade must be mutual—one-third of the goods exported go to the colonies . Now hear what Mr . Gregg says , he is a member of the Anti-Corn Law League and a manufacturer . The noble Lord then went on to quote from Mr . Gregg , who said that the British manufacturer could no longer compete with the foreigner in the neutral markets . At present Mr . Gregg said , we are undersold by the foreigner in the neutral markets in all tlie staple manufactures of this country , in cottons , hosiery , cutlery , & c , In
cotton we were beaten by the Swiss—in " cutlery by the Alsatians—in hosiery by the Saxons . The natives of Saxony have driven us from the European market to a great extent . In hosiery we used to supply three-fsurths of the American market—we now scarcely supply ouv own . Tho Saxon 9 after paying a duty of twenty-five per cent ., can under-sell the produce of our Nottingham looms . In Leicester , the stocking trade had sunk from 1615 to 1440 frames , whilst in Saxony the number of frames increased during the same period from 4 , 590 to 25 , 000 . The English paid 2 s . 6 d . for the same work that the French got done tor 2 _j } d . With respect to recovering
our lost superiority , Mr . Gregg went on to say , that he did not believe that in any case wo could recover it . "I do not believe that with respect to woollens or hosiery we can do so , and even in cutlery or cotton it is very doubtful . " Now let it not be forgotten ( continued the Noble Lord ) that we have at present a market which takes one-third of our exports—that whilst the home consumption is as regards foreign exports as 5 to 2 , we are now called upon to pass a measure which will effectually damage that home market —( Hear , hear ) by taking from them Protection which they at present enjoy . I think , my
Lords" Thc force of folly can no further go " ( Laughter and cheers . ) I trust , then , your Lordships ! will not be led away by this delusion—this laUiicy of Free Trade . I trust you will not sacrifice the home producer . I hojje you will not sacrifice the colonies . In conclusion , his Lordship made a powerful appeal to those noble lords who went with him in hia argument , and disapproved of and wore alarmed at this measure , and yet , for various reasons , were prepared to vote for it , against a blind deference to the authority of the other house , which , according __ to its reoorded votes , had repeatedly negatived this measure . Such a sudden conversion diminished confidence in the last vote . I must ( said his lordship ) say , that this sudden conversion must tend to diminish the value I attach to
Mitted;Thb I Buiidens Of Ithe Country Wo...
thelasfc _voterof the Ho ' useof Commonsr * " ( Eoiid anc ? prolonged cries of _';? Hear , Hhear , ' _? and great cheer-H > g } . I regard the _decision . oftthe House of Oommons , f not because it is the . decision , of men more or lew et _^ cated or enlightened , but . _faecauae it- is the d « _ck 3 _™ _L he _"Pwsentativesof publio opinion in this- * thathl , _^^ L * m to be bound by any decision of . .. _£%£ T * _* _-ti- « t . iWhicuIthey . gave in 1811 ,, an * £ i V ; Those _^ ho disapproved , _rfthe , measure , ; andy . et . 8 upport it ; from feelings of attachment- . . toJhe _. _Uvernment and to the noble Duketo _thenvf uuuiv _]
, , T T i * " w— ~™ w _^ unu , iii / uuuil _^; I say I sympathise with their feelings , bm I cannot-, assent to the justice of them , ( Hear , bear . ) The .., interests that are at stake are too great to be com- ; _., plimented , arising outof deference to any Minister _^ . -. or for mere personal considerations . ( Hear , licar . _^ Rely upon it that it never can be ultimately for the good ol the public interest tbat this house should ; sacrifice , its own deliberate judgment , should turn round upon its own principles and sacrifice ita own .- ; _character for the purpose of saving a government . , ( Hear . ) ; My conviction is , my Lords , .-that even sOa the sacrifice would be ; made in vain . There never < _^ _t ,
was a government permanently maintained . wlien it * _, existence depend upon the contemptuous sufferance of its opponents—upon , the ill-disguised disgust-or lukewarm support of its former colleagues , ( Tremendous cheering . ) Some there may be who think . that b y conceding this measure , they 'vill pub _augend to agitation , and satisfy the . Aft ti Corn Law ,, ; League . There cannot be a more futile reason—i there cannot be a greater error . ( "Hear , hear , T ; and cheers . ) When ever was organised agitation ' put down by concession—extorted concession ? ( llear ,: > hear . ) Depend upon it , a body thus organised , _thuSt _^ banded together , will not so easily -relinquish " : political power , when they have tasted the draught ; and found it to be sweet . ( Hearhe _.-ir . ) The . - ¦ ,
, passing of this measure would not ; suppress -a the Anti-Corn Law League—there would bi > either that or some other similar body . But , my Lords , ¦< there is no secret made of this . What was the Ian- _¦¦< guage used by Mr . Lawrence Hayworth , who was - -. chairman ofa Free Trade meeting held in this City . _'; ( Cheers . ) Aft * r talking of the miracle that had been ;; wrought in the Prime Minister , he says , ' - But there . is something more than corn . The people will begin . to ask why . the _sysfeiu . of levying taxes , by wliich thecomforts of the people are destroyed , should be con-- - tinned—they begin ta _aaMriietlier it would not bo better to have _onei't & x , a tax on property , and to abolish the CuBtom-house altogether . " And he sug- - gests that a board may be hoisted , on which should
be written , " Honest traders from all ports may land their stuffs here , No taxes—no customs . " ( A laugh . ) He further said , "They had lived to see their cause triumph ; but he would not have the friends of Free Trade to relax . They must remember that the House of Lords yet lived—it was the stronghold of the aristocracy . They were struggling now for something more than the maintenance of commercial liberty ; commercial liberty would promote intelligence . After the settlement ofthe Free Trade question , thepeople would have more time to agitate for the great principle of universal suffrage . If it were good for commerce to be free , it were good for man to be free—if it were good for cotton and corn to be free , itwas good for man to be free . Everything which weakened
tne aristocracy and which increased the intelligence ofthe people , must be in favour of that noble and Christian cause . " And I weuld wish te call the attention ofthe Right Rev . Bench to the concluding passage : —'' Could they hav * Free Trade in commerce without Free Trade in religion , or could _,, whilst such a system of ecclesiastical despotism prevailed as now blinded our country , the time he far distant when the Catholic and the Dissenter would ask why the Church of Christ should be subject to such trammels ? Freedom of relMgn . an . tr > ' _» n"V < , „ iu _« a v " - ¦ _wpwaiumoi unurcnand otate . wouKfc be one of the glorious results of Free Trade . " _Mf Lords , if there be one thingmorethan another whichit is difficult to guard against , it is the unworthy
fear ef being suspected of dishonourable and interested motives . If I were speaking to an ordinary assembly , I might warn them against being led away by such a fear ; but addressing such an assembly as-1 now have the honour to address , I will only say , benot unduly overrated by the consideration or by the fear that it may be asserted that your personal interests are concerned . My Lords , you are tho trusteesfor far more than personal interests—you are the trustees of the interest of the country —( hear , hear ) —you are the trustees for posterity—you are the = trustees for the constitution of this empire . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) I ask you , then , my Lords , with what face , after voting for the destuction of all agricultural protection , will you show yourselves in the midst of .
men who have hitherto regarded you with respect _,, whose principles and opinions you have influenced , but who will charge you , and charge you justly , asyou now charge the government , with having misled and betrayed those who trusted you . ( Applause * )'' My Lords , if , against your own opinions , you _consr . ut to pass this measure , prepare to ' abdicate your authority and tliD highposit ' yjn you occupy in the _cvnottlfUtion of this country , 11 you will allow _yoursehus to be intimidated by a faction , however formidable , ' or induced to give up your opinions at the agitation of a Minister—however great that Minister _miijht he —• you must be prepared hereafter to be considered as asubordinate part of the constitution . Prepare to be regarded as the registrars ofthe edicts of the House
of Commons , and as the blind followers of tho Minister of the present day . ( Cheers . ) My Lords , if I know any thing ofthe constitution , and oCtbrvalue of this house , it is , that it should interpose a wholesome and salutary obstacle to rash and inconsiderate legislation . M y Lords , if acting upon your own deliberate impartial judgment , you scorn the degrading suspicion of unworthy motives , and you follow that course which , in your conscience , you believe to be for the good of the empire , you may be unsuccessful , but jou cannot be contemned ; conquered you may be and overpowered by numbers , but you - cannot be degraded ; you may fail in saving thepeople from the threatened injury , you will securethe approbation of your friends , and command the respect of your opponents . ( Hear , hear . ) If , my
Lords , by the blessing of God upon your exertions _,, you should resist the progress ot this hasty and illconcerted question , and should give time to the public to express their opinions , and thereby be enabled to bring those now in favour of the measure back to wiser councils ; then , indeed , you will be a proud aristocracy , in having conscientiously discharged the duties imposed upon you . By thus having saved the country from a serious and hazardous experiment , your best reward will be the consciousness of having done your duty ; and you will also have the reward which will arise from a grateful and admiring people , who will exclaim , " Thank God , we have a House of Lords . " ( Immense cheering followed the conclusion of the Noble Lord ' s speech , which lasted for severalminutes . )
Lord Brougham , who rose to address the house , amidst cries of "Adjourn , adjourn , " had some difficulty in procuring a hearing , and it was not till the noble lord declared his intention of taking the sense of the house , against the evident desire for adjournment , that he wa 3 permitted to proceed _, began by complaining of the disadvantage under which he laboured in addressing tlieir lordships alter a speech of so much power and eloquence at so late an hour . Lord Stanley denied the alleged famine in Ireland ; and he ( Lord Brougham ) doubted any general famine in Ireland ; but that a great scarcity existed there could be no doubt . He might maintain that there was no reason for introducing _tllO measure this year , and yet support the measure on
its merits . The noble and learned lord then showed the inconsistency of Lord Stanley ' s opposition to this bill with his advocacy of the Canada Corn Bill , With respect to the effect of this bill on prices , the question was too difficult to answer ; it depended upon a great variety . of considerations . The apprehensions of large tracts of foreign land being brought into cultivation were utterly groundless ; where was the capital ? Where were the labourers ? The operation of increasing the growth of corn in such a country as the Ukraine must be gradual and slow . He did not argue that there would be no diminution of price in consequence of this bill ; but ho thought the diminution would be small . He could , irom inquiry , undertake to say that the tenant-farmers wera
not apprehensive of this measure . He had met with many instances of farms let at an increased rentnone in which farms had been refused or let at a reduced rent . He expected that thc agriculturists would benefit from this measure to an extent far beyond the slight loss by a diminution in price . Lord Stanley had maintained that this country should not be dependent upon foreign nations for the food of the people , and contended that a war would exclude us . But Napoleon ' s almost universal power could not seal up the ports of the continent against the exportation of grain to this country , for in one year ( 1810 ) , a million and a half of quarters were sent hither , a great part from the ports of France itself . The argument drawn by Lord Stanley from thc existence of
protective laws in other countries was neutralised by his admission that the moment a pressure cam © the law was suspended in all those countries . Thenoble and learned Lord then discussed the other arguments of Lord Stanley , to which he replied in some detail , and prognosticated , that if we set other nations the exanmle of a liberal tariff , thev would follow it , and the benefit would be mutual . The noble and learned Lord concluded by disclaiming all . community of feeling with those who assailed the ,-landed interest , upon which , as well as upon Sir R .. Peel , he pronounced a high eulogium . On the motion of Lord "W ilton , the debate was adjourned till Tuesday , and the house adjourned at a quarter to two o ' clock .
HOUSE OF COMMONS-Monday , May 25 The Speaker took the chair at the usual hour .
IRISH LAND COMMISSION . Mr . S . Crawford begged , pursuant to notice , toask Sir R . Peel , whether any Bill or Bills on subjectsreferred to , and recommended for consideration in the Irish Land Commission report will be proposed . by her Majesty ' s Government this session ; and it so ,. _[ _Continuedp'diQEight Page . ]
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 30, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_30051846/page/1/
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