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EU N the Times !lr un8 ^. , THE ORfHERy,...
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rr-lLY AUSTRIA , AM) THE POPE. 7 p last ...
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Axdover, Oct. 27.—Blyth, the newly-elected mas-
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ter, has not yet arrived. Mr. Westlake i...
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Bpfcutture ^li^rtmiitS
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^IELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For. the Week c...
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CoxniAGE.—It is a popular error to suppo...
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London Cons Exchange, Monda y , Ocr. 27....
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^anknipte, &t. .
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BANKRUPTS. (From Tuesday's Gazette, Octo...
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The Vexezuelas Mi.nisieu.—We regret toj ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Eu N The Times !Lr Un8 ^. , The Orfhery,...
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- _* .- i- t "hear a _litUe hird , who sings " TS _^ e _% _^ _by-illl > _eae tronger . " _--BxaoB
Rr-Lly Austria , Am) The Pope. 7 P Last ...
_rr-lLY AUSTRIA , AM ) THE POPE . 7 p _last address ed our readers on the affairs 5 in _^ _ntiipr unfortunate effort has been made of Italy , _"f _^ _dioration of existing evils , but a > obt 2 _S _^? _levins failed . will ior the present be -dura _^ JSSnal suffering to all the actual or prodncure" cf progress on whom ihe Italian a 9 « _£ 2 te hold . Such intelligence _concerndeg > _^ _l _movonent as the French and English _jsg _tbeJ _^ j iaTC afforded us , we have duly laid before _Ee **»? a e i f we ] _, _ave abstained until now from our readers . _? _^ affidr at _Rimild > ft hag _^ editoria lly d h 0 ped to have acquired more _accubecaase « W * f _jj _^ _t an _% ij . than the London _w * . _" _^ _oliavc furnished , on wrKch to ground our o _^ l _^ bat _wehave waited In vain . _reffljfff * . „ particulars ot the insurrection , or _outtflt Kiuimi our readers are already familara
, , _hrfSE ? .: * X . _rat . _-nm-tienlars is . * hp «» _f--iw > tnnf . _^ -d n of those particulars is . therefore , not _tfPT rr Our _rcadci-s-will remember that we gave _2-fftl-e " _Vuniw 7 Chronicle an abstract of an address _wsaifesto issued by the patriots , and addressed ? _S _jjiiiue of the people of the Roman states to ? . c _oTcnJ-Tis ana people of Europe . That abstract , _itftrvcr _, _^ _vc but a veiy Imperfect idea of thc _Contois of the manifesto , and in order that the _griev-Se s therein set forth may be known to the people _Willis country , and that this appeal to Europe , of _{ L * _Italian patriots , may be recorded in the columns _rjftliis organ of "the demoeratie principles , " we j _^ insert the manifesto entire . _wgUfCTO OF TKE PEOPLE OF THE BOMAK STATES TO of
the parsers asd peopi _^ _ecbope . _Whca the Sovereign _Tontiff Pius Til . was restored in be "Roman States he announced motu propria hi 6 _intents to establish a regime analogous to that of the former "iii *? - ! 01-1 of Italy , " and adapted to the wants as well as tb . _progress of civilisation . In a sliort space of time , _ho- _veTer _, tbe publication of a civil and criminal code _fonnded on principles which had become obsolete clearly _j _-yj-vfd that he was amaouj ts return to the odious past , 22 $ -pas unwilling to fulfil the promises made , and follow _^ flia : i 3 ls which the Congress of 'Vienna had given to jiS Court of Home . The clergy were covered with _digrinesand privileges , and the laity were deprived of aU { -Sees of even the smallest importance . Kotwithstandjj . tliese cruel deceptions , public discontent did not _gaaifest itself by acts of violence , eren ia the years 1821 _js-j 1822 , when Naples and Turin set up the cry of " liberty V
After the Austaans had repressed the movement of tiae two Italian provinces , the Pontifical Court , when it Ui recovered from its fright , instead of evincing gratitude j 0 lie people for the quiet attitude they had preserved _jnnag the disturbed state of public feeling , wished to tike vengencc upon the thoughts , the sentiments , and the secret wishes ef the people through the instrumentalitv ofa political inquisition , which cast forth the seeds of its party hatred , and of which we may expect at a later period to reap the sanguinary fruits _^ Pius Til . _MinlSo , and he was replaced by Leo Xll ., who declaimefl against the friends of civil liberty , and sent as Governor of Romania one Rivarola , who , at once accuser
andjn ge , incarcerated or exiled the people withoutpayiu » tie slightest respect to condition , age , or previous eigDj _& _rrlife . At the aame time that the new Pontiff _lirns _perorated the opinions of thepeople , he applied the axe to the root of civilization in re-establishing and _ss-pUfvis' the privileges of mortmain , completing that _ERiaahj the abolition of the district tribunals , and by _jnUfc ; in active operation the tribunal ofthe Holy Office . He granted power to the priesthood to try and decide upon the cause ofthe laymen—he ordered the Latin language tote _media the courts auduniversitie 8—he intrusted _adoavdy to the priesthood pubhc instruction and all the ci vil establishments of beneficence .
Ash" Rivarola had not thus sufficiently compressed 5 = 3 _aSicted the provinces , lie gave liim " for _assists rice an extraordinary commission , composed of priests and officers , who desolated and oppressed the people for man ; years to such a degree that the sad recollection of itis vivid at the present day . Ta Leo XII . succeeded " _* _feTHI ., who , following in the footsteps of lus _predetssor , never dreamed of removing the pnblic grievances . Sally before his death the French revolution of 1830 tool ; place , followed by similar movements in several of lis _European * tales . Daring the vacancy ofthe apostolic tisir tbe people of thc Roman States thought _theoccaasa propitious to seek aa amelioration of the forms of tli e _CoTernroent . The arbitrary authority was destroyed ism Bologna as far as the capital , and it fell without as ; _efoi ts or violence on the part of the people . The G o-TfnmKBt certainly would not have been able to
xe-esta-Hish 11 vnlhout great modifications , had sot Austria _haantlycomein with her troops to render it a helping hand . _Nevertheless this power , at the same time that it _compressed the popular movement , addressed itself to Jiaace , _Zagland , and Prussia , to concur in persuading ttenewTontiSf ( Gregory XTI . ) to improve the form of _Govtisnssjt , and secure its tranquillity for the future . To this _taa lie Ambassadors of the four powers , on the _SlsrofJfej , 1 SS 1 , presented a diplomatic note , in which , among other reforms , they proposed that laymen should be admissible to all civil administration and judiciary _dignities and employments ; that certain electors should " -. point _ili « municipal councils , and the latter the provincial cotmcus , -ninca , in fine , wonld elect a Supreme Court , _Ksifliiit at Borne , intrusted with the regulation of & _s civil and military expenses , as well as the service of tbe public debt .
Upon the publication of this important act , the pontifical sul _* _jects allowed hope to genninate in their hearts . Ite Pontiff himself announced that these ameliorations Herald prove the commencement of a new era ; but the hopes o the _psople , which had heen raised , were very soon dispsHed , witaj the edict of the fifth of July made its appearand " , in which no mention was made of _themnnicipalelec _6 n , nor of lhe Supreme Council of State , nor of any of the _iastitntioiis suitable to temperate monarchies . However , _feinstriaus being yet in Lombardy , the guardianship _< f . Ss town ; and the maintenance of order remained
con-7 | _Mdtotie citizens organised under the approbation of IS _feCoramnent , and tranquillity reigned everywhere . It { j * _« temed expedient to institute a legal proceeding . ! . " " Be provinces sent to Home deputations composed of •; 3 a cf great talent and consideration , and the most re-) cantej Jable , to entreat the sovereign to grant the instii _ariiss which had _feetn promised , and which were _calculi to establish harmony between the governors and 11 _•^ _jcvemed ; but the court , which detested all innova-% -- _^ o , no . matter how moderate ihey might be , paid no station to their request . It that period Cardinal Albani assembled a troop at _feasj , composed of men capable of committing every 'Mas , aad nith this assistance he was instructed to _icsi-iS despotism in the provinces . This was the reign of _3-fce gross aad ferocious men who , -under the title of _randlical voluntaries , were _rj / adr tomnrder all persons _fitagaiv-ilasli- ends .
for ten years it was neither the _Pontine nor Home , nor Ftt the Cardinals who governed the legations , but this _bnaalandsanguanarvfaction . The military commissions ( wnrts-niarfial ) yet continue to exercise their functions , passing sentence without form of procedure , witliout allmvicg the assistance of counsel , condemning a vast -winter cf people to prison , _esUe , death , and confiscation . Is it io be wondered at , therefore , that the people hare _tnedoEt against such grievances f _TTe are _reproached wr de- * aBaing civil reforms having arm ' s in our hands , nw _wtsai _^ h ' cate ail the Sovereigns of Europe to _conader that im ]>* rions necessity has driven ns to it ; that we _« jer * legal means of _manUesting our wishes , posscss-- _^ J no _jmhlic r epresentation whatever , nor even the _s-flderijritflf _pe _-jjj _, _^ and are reduced to such a state _( _- " " _¦ _snuade _thattoniakea demand or complaint is re-| _S" _^ e _3 S 3 aud of high treason
. r _. . o ' -- — _^ uur _.. _ishti are _pare . They have for their object the _opiity of the A postolic throne , as well as the rights of tbe _costly aud humanity . Ve venerate the _ecclesi-^ _twaHie _^ _rclrt and all the clergy . We hope that his _HvEntK _^ _jji acknowledge the nohle essence of _cirilizauua _xxmih Catholicity implies ; and also that our wishes _^ ? as he interpreted in a sinister manner by Italy and _t-Erope . _TVe proclaim aloud our respect for the _So- . erei 2 tyofthePonri _^ ashead of the universal church , wnh < kx restriction or condition . As to the obedience « -ach he has a right to expect as temporal Sovereign , the _I _' _-ulimiug are tlie principles which we give him for basis , aad the demands which we mate known
_Ahat he give an amnesty to all poHtical prisoners or accused from thc year 1321 np to the present period thnt he give a eml and criminal code modelled upon those of other nations of Europe , embracing the _publiritrof dehate , ths institution of the jury , the aholition of confiscation , aa 3 likewise that of the pain of death for crimes of high _treason ; that the tribunal of the Holv Offic shall _estrcise no jurisdiction npon laymen , and that the latter uo longs ? submit to the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical tribunals ; that political offences , shall always he judged by the ordinary tribunals and according to the ordinarv forras ; thatthe municipal councils be elected freely hv the citizeni , and the choice approved by the Sovereign * ; thai these councils elect provincial Councils upon a triple list _presented by the Municipal Councils : that the
Sufreme Council oi State be named by the Sovereign from tec lists presented by thc Provincial Councils : that tlie Supreme Council of State , resident at Koine , have the _surtiuTcnce of the finances and the public debt ; that it "moreovsrhavea deliberative voice upon the receipts aud _expeauiture of the State , and a consultative voice npon other general subjects ; that all civil and military employments be granted to laymen ; tliat pubhc instruction no longer he confined to the bishops and clergy—reli gious instruction being their exclusive light ; that the censure oi the _pnss be confiued to preventing outrages ofthe divinitj ofthe Catholic religion , of the Sovereign , and of privateindividuals ; that the foreign troops be dismissed ; that a civic and rural guard be instituted , wliich will be charged with the maintenance of public order , aud the observance of the laws .
Lastly , tbat the Government enter upon all social ameliorations which the spirit of the age demands , and which _ar 3 practised by the other JEuropean
Governments . The above document lias been praised for its " ten-Deratelanguage " and " modirate _deniai-ds : "
Rr-Lly Austria , Am) The Pope. 7 P Last ...
even the Times , ever ready to demand ai " resolute _AustrianuiterTention" to - - ' maintain order , " (!) even that ferociously anti-democratic journal , has praised the above address for its " moderation . " Moderate , indeed , must be the demands of the Italian patriots it they meet with the sympathy of the Times . Now / it is precisely this' moderation of tone , this "lame and impotent conclusion" of an otherwise excellent document which displeases us . The first seven paragraphs in -which the patriots narrate the history of the wrongs they have endured , an i the treacheries tlirough which they hare suffered , from the period oftherestorationofPopePrcsVILtothepresenttime , .... . . . .
are unexceptionable ; but when -they come to state their present demands , their " _mefleration" excites our condemnation . The authors of the manifesto say , "Our wishes are pure . They have for their object the dignity of the Apostolic throne , as well as the rights of the country and humanity . We venerate the eccle < iastical hierarchy and the clergy . * * * We proclaim aloud our respect for the sovereignty of the Pontiff , ; as head of the universal church , without restriction or condition . " This is strange language for men to use in the self-Same document in which they have detailed a series of perfidious and bloody enormities perpetrated by their precious Popes , sufficient to
" Damn to everlasting fame " the " _cowl'd and hypocritical monks , " base imitators ofthe _Cajsars in their crimes , without one spark of the redeeming qualities of Rome ' s old tyrants in their composition . How can these men couple in thc same breath _resjjeci for the sovereignty of the Pontiff with their desire to establish the rights ofthe country asd humanity ? The two cannot co-exist . In the Pope ' s eyes , humanity has no rights , the country has no rights , he rules by a " right divine , " as the representative and vice-gerent of the Deity ; his government must , therefore , be perfect . If his soverei gnty as " head of the universal church without restriction or condition" is admitted , it is folly to dispute his sway , or to call on him to ameliorate
his rale . We may be told that we are confounding the Pope ' s temporal with his spiritual authority ; even so , but does not the Pope confound the two ? does'he not hold his temporal in virtue of his spiritual authority . The sword ofhis authority is two-edged , and he will no more consent to blunt the one than the other . See the falsehood , villanry , and treachery , which the authors ofthis manifesto charge the Popes with , only during the last few years . See Pope Pics VII . voluntarily promisiug to establish a regrimesimilar to that ofthe " kingdom of Italy , " and then so soon as he was firmly seated inthe Pontifical chair , violating his promise , and persecuting the friends of progress , labouring to " take vengeance on the thoughts , the sentiments , and the secret wishes of
the people . " See Leo XII " oppressing" thepeople by incarceration , exile , and death ; restoring , the infernal inquisition , and otherwise endeavouring to utterly uproot civilisation . See Pius VIII . " following in the footsteps -of his predecessor . " See the present Pope , Gkeooet XVI ., after the people had declared their wishes , by an unanimous revolution , see him announcing his concurrence with the new era , and then as soon as the Austrian legions had put down the popular power , see this same Pope first treating with" contempt the respectful and moderate petitions of thepeople , and then establishing a ten years of " terror , " not yet extinct , during which this same holy monster has waged a war of extermination against all suspected of liberalism . Confiscations ,
banishments , and murders by wholesale , have been the means used by him to destroy those who allowed themselves to be deceived by his holy p . eijuries . Let it be remembered too , that when the kings of Naples and Sardinia desired to violate the oaths they had taken to maintain the constitutions achieved by the people of those countries ,- and to which constitutions they had given their own solemn assent , they found the Pope ready to absolve them from their oaths and willing to sanctify their perjuries . So for himself his Popeship , in the day ofhis tribulation , will take any oath , or swear to give or assent to anything , but once let him acquire hislost power again , and he will immediately declare his promise aud lus most sacred oaths null and void : —
When the devil was sick , the devil a saint would be ; "When the devil got well , the devil a saint was he . And can hi 3 devilship—we . beg pardon , his Popeship we ineaH—can he do wrong ? Certainly ' not . He is the head of the church " without restriction or condition , " and as " God ' s vicegerent" he may take or break what oaths he pleases ! The " temporal reforms" demanded by the authors of the manifesto are Tery " moderate" indeed , but wc will not criticise them . It may be that those "demands , together with the ultra-veneration for the Pope , are put forth to conciliate the ignorant , prejudiced , and priest-ridden amongst the . Italian people , by men who are more liberal than they dare , or deem it prudent to _ayow . If so , the necessity for so acting is to be lamented . It may be taken lor granted that while the Pope continues- to rule as a priestly despot , he will never be induced to relinquish his temporal _fyrannv .
A letter from Rome of the 16 th of October mentions that the Government was still uneasy respecting the disaffection of its subjects . The state prisons were filled with 7 , 000 ' prisoners , many of them oi the first families . We _* wonder what these unhappy prisoners , many of them , no doubt , destined to be slaughtered , think of the " d gnity of the Apostolic throne ? " Woe to "humanity , and " humanity ' s rights , " when Pontiffs rule " without restriction or condition V
Axdover, Oct. 27.—Blyth, The Newly-Elected Mas-
Axdover , Oct . 27 . —Blyth , the newly-elected mas-
Ter, Has Not Yet Arrived. Mr. Westlake I...
ter , has not yet arrived . Mr . Westlake is to resign on Saturday next , November the 1 st . Pr . Hammond is to succeed him , he paying a formal visit to the house this day ( Monday ) . The unfortunate woman , Mary Barrett , who gave her evidence first in this inquiry , died in the union house on Friday morning iast , and was buried at twelve o ' clock this day in the parish churcliyard _, having never recovered the cruelty exercised towards her since her admission , though every attention and comfort had been administered for the last six weeks . She had wasted to a perfect skeleton . The greatest insubordination prevails in the union at the present time . Price not _seeming to care for the inmates , and thej * not caring for liim , knowing he is so soon-to give place "to
another master . To show to what extent such feeling is carried by the men and boys in the union , no less than 48 panes of glass have been wantonly broken within a week , and the only punishment inflicted on the paupers so offending was that only seven ounces of bread should be given them instead of their usual quantity of nieaton Saturday last—the case isnoteven taken notice of by the guardians , or at least the complaints were not brought before them . , Mr . John Lx wood , of Upper Clatlord , guardian , states thatthe bone-crushing would not have been continued after the first complaint , had not Ilr . Westlake stated before the board , on the 16 th of Angust , that his opinion was , it ( the crushing ) was " neither overlaborious nor injurious to the health of the ablebodied paupers , and that the stench so complained of by Air . Mundy was not true . " -j _-. ;
Death of a Cosvici is the , _CoMPixB _^ Oh Monday night Mr . Payne held . -ari inquest in the governor s room ofthe Compter prison , Giltspur-street , on the bod y-of Henry Moffat _^ . aged 37 , a convict in that prisbnj whose death occurred nnder the ' circumstances subjoined : —It appeared in evidence that the deceased was married , but had not resided with his wife for the last two years . Since then he had been in the employ of Messrs . Burls and Co ., Manchester warehousemen , "Wood-street , Cheapside , where he committed an act of felony , and was brought to the above prison on the 27 th of last August . Having
been convicted of the charge , he was sentenced to four months on the tread-mill . By immoderate drinking , deceased had contracted a disease of the heart , which was severely acted upon by his imprisonment , and , on the ISth instant , he became so ill that it was found necessary to place him under the care of the prison surgeon , who stated that his malady was dropsy of the pericardium , of which , notwithstanding all the attention paid to liim , under the express orders of the governor of that prison , he died on Saturday evening , about nine o clock . Verdict—Deceased died from long standing dicease of
the heart . _Melaxcholt axd Fatal _Coau-mt Accident . — Biusiot , Oct . 27 . —On Saturday last the greatest consternation prevailed at Kingswood , in consequence of a report that several men had been killed in a coal-pit . The report proved but too true . It appears thai on Saturday , at one o clock , the men engaged in the Upper Soundwell Pit , _Kuigswood , the property of S . Whittuck , Esq ., were leaving their work , five of the number had entered the basket , or cart , " as tlie colliers call it here , for the purpose of being drawn up to the top , when the rope broke , and they were precip itated to the bottom of the pit—a distaace of twenty-six yards . Besides the five who had entered the bucket , " a sixth was about
getting into it , and was also dragged down with it . Four were killed instantly ; a fifth lingered three quarters of an hour , and then died . The man who had not entered the basket was dreadfully mangled ; his arm , which was fractured , has since been amputated , and he lies now in a very dangerous state . As soon as a rope could be got from another pit the bodies were drawn up , and presented a frightful spectacle . The scene at this moment was beyond description—children calling for their fathers , and wives deploring , in the most frantic manner , the loss ? _v-iv _HV sban ( 1 _" -- The nan , of the killed aremilmm Harris , aged about 60 leavim _* a wife and
. « S 5 _fcnul y . most of whom , however , are married ; \\ ilham _Bassett between 60 and 70 vears ; Thomas Bird , about 40 leaving a wife and five children ; Leinamm _ttilshire , 33 , leaving a wife and three children ; and John Porter , so ! leaving a wife aud six _Jildren . The wounded man ' s name is George Britten ; he has also a wife and several children A melancholy coincidence worth _recording has haD pened , through this accident , to the wife of the deceased man wushiic . She had been previously married , and her former husband was killed in a _' pit by the breaking of a rope . She had also the same number *> f children ( three ) by each husband .
Bpfcutture ^Li^Rtmiits
_Bpfcutture _^ li _^ _rtmiitS
^Ield-Garden Operations. For. The Week C...
_^ IELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For . the Week commencing Monday , Nov . Srd , 1843 . LExtractedfrom aDiAHT of Actual O perations on five small farms on the estates of the late Mrs . D . Gilbert , near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates of the Earl of Dartmouth at Maithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands .. The farms selected as models are—First . Iwo school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . _^ Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports Will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diakt is aided by " Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Nowell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
Can you keep a pi g ? You will find a pig the hest save-all that you can have about a garden , and he will pay you well for his keep . "— Thc Rev . II . W . Kyle ' s lecture . Note . —The school farms are cultivated by boys , whs in return for three hours' teaching h the morning , give tliree hows of their labour in the afternoon for ihe masters benefit , which renders the schools selfso _tpoktisg . IPe believe that at Farnlv Tyas sixsevenths of the produce of the school farm will be assigned ta the boys , and one-seventh to the master who will receive the usual school-fees , help the boys to cultivute their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , dtc ., to convert tlieir produce into bacon , by atteiiding to pig-keeping , which at Christmas may be divided , after , paying rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to their services , and be made thus indirectl y to reach their parents in a wav the most grateful to their feelings . ]
SUSSEX . Mosdat— Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Sixteen boys , weather being wet , were platting straw for making hats , and thrashing wheat over a barrel . Piper . Digging up potatoes . Dumbrell . Rainy day , no report . Tuesdat— WiUingdon School . Wetday , _boysinsclwol Eastdean School . Wet day , platting ' for hats , thrashing wheat , or in school . Piper . No report . Dumbrell . Wet , digging a few potatoes . Wednesdat— Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . "Boys di gging for and sowing wheat , or pulling carrots , one of them 6 lbs . in weight . Piper . No report . Dufnbrell . Digging up carrots and potatoes . Thursdat—Willingdon School . Boys carrying out manure for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys
emptying tank , pulling carrots and storing them . Piper . Spreading dung on his grass land . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots and potatoes , heifer carrying dung and potatoes . Fbidat — Willingdon School . Boys carrying out manure for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys drawing manure for wheat , digging , sowing wheat , and picking stones . Piper . Pulling carrots , turnips , and mangel wurzel , and storing them . Dumbrell . Rainy day , no report . Saturdav —Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Taking in a wheat rick , emptying portable pails , pigstyes , and cleaning school . Piper . Raking , and clearing away leaves , and all lands of rubbish hear the house . Dumbrell . Burying potatoes , drilling wheat , heifer carrying dung and potatoes .
COW-FEEDING . Willingdon School . Cows fed on white turnips and chaff . DumhreWs . One cow fed with carrot tops and straw for one day ; with turni ps , mangel wurzel , and straw for two days ; with turnips , carrot tops , and straw for four days . Cow and heifer fed all the week on turnips , carrot tops , and straw . "Wheat Dkilmno . —On light land , drill your wheat about three inches deep , the seed being well under the surface , is less the prey of birds , an . d less in danger from the frost , and by rooting more and deeper _bufore it rises ahofe tiie surface , - the stalks obtain greater nourishment for the ears , the corn is more plump , and the stems resist the wind and weather better , and stand more erect ; on wet stiff soil , however , it is not requisite to put . it in more than one and a half or two inches deep .
ON THICK AND THIN SOWING . The question of thin sowing is a most important one , individually and nationally , involving tne consideration whether we do not bury in the soil every year wastefully and prejudicially three million auarteis of corn . I have endeavoured to bring my mind quite unprejudiced to theexamination ofthis question , and present , for the consideration of my brother agriculturists , some facts and reasonings with a view to stimulate unprejudiced experiments , which , I hope , will be fairly tried on a _mederate seale , for an average of seasons in every district .
Before proceeding to the general question , I would propound as theories , supported by facts observable within my own knowledge on my own farm , — 1 . That the tendency of thin sowing is to increase the size , vigour and perfect development of the stem , ear , and kernel , prolonging its . growth , and . consequently delaying its maturity . 2 . That , on the contrary , Hack sowing hastens ripening , but renders the plant in every respect more diminutive and less productive . 3 . That a large quantity of seed will not produce so large a crop in a short time , as a smaU quantity of seed in a longer time ; the supply of manure , soil , and climate being alike to both . i . . That dibbling delays the maturity of a corn crop , hut promotes its tillering . 5 . That drilling and broadcasting hasten its maturity , but diminish its tillering .
6 . That the propriety of thick , moderate , or thin sowing must depend oh the nature , quality , and condition . bf the soil ; the comparative temperature and moisture of the climate , and the period at which it may be most convenient to the farmer to put jn his seed . The quantity that would be judicious in tbe luxuriant soil and moist warm climate of the south and west of Ireland and England , would most probably be quite insufficient in the highlands of Scotland , or in our cold and dry northern and eastern districts , with long winters and short summers . 7 . That neither a large nor ' a small quantity of seed will produce a full crop if the _soiljeontains only food enough for half a crop - "" 8 . Tbat a small quantity of seed sown at a proper early period , with deep and frequent cultivation between the widely-placed rows , will produce a much larger return than an abundantly-seeded close-gown crop in which the horse-hoe could : not be ' worked . Tillage here supplies-an . _equivalent for manure .
9 . , That . by-varying the quantity of seed we sow in our different fields , we can cause an interval of succession in their ripening , and so prevent their all coming ready for the sickle at the same time . . This is convenient at harvest time .. _N 10 .: That on "land that , has been subsoiled or trenched for the previous root-crop , the wheat crop is delayed in its maturity at least one week . This is worth noticing—the fact being obvious in several of my fields tliis season . The cause is a more vigorous and prolonged growth ; which instructs us that in well-drained deeply-cultivated soils we may expect greater bulk , and should therefore give longer time for growth by earlier and thinner sowing . I am convinced that thin sowing must rank with
deep drainage and deep tillage as one of the bases of bur agricultural structure . To Jethro _Tull in ancient , and to Mr . Hewitt Davis in modern times , belongs the honour and credit ' of this discovery . The latter gentleman ' s essay ( rejected by the Royal Agricultural Society ) , supported by long and well-proved practice , is one of the most important agricultural documents ever promulgated—second only to deep drainage and deep and frequent tillage , on which it is dependant . The mere rejection of this document is a great honour to Mr . Davis ; for it proves his practice to be so far in advance of his own times , that cautious men are afraid to go with him , even in his facts . It ffas no doubt the fear ofa great responsibility * that caused Mr . Davis to lose the prize
to which he aspired ; but his honour will and must , nevertheless , soon come , and be followed by an amendment of our , at present , wretchedly defective system of tillage . * I will now proceed to g ive reasons for the op inions I have expressed . In various portions of my fields I bave dibbled and drilled wheat at the rate of two pecks and three qunrters , four pecks , and five pecks per acre . These have been sown in December and January . It will be readily admitted that if I can obtain a crop from such late and thin sowing in a winter like the last ( whicli has been almost a continuous frost since the time of sowing until Mav ) . the experiment has been tested under the
most adverse circumstances . In fact , so severe has it been that , on the north side , or rounded edge ol the stetches in one well drained field , some portion of both the dibbled and drilled thick and thin sown have eaeh perished where the snow was blown off , ana tlie birds were most _perseveriug in their attacks . So thin ( but not yellow ) have looked my wheats , that we have been most abundantly pitied or blamed by our numerous visitors , until mj" late tenant ( who manages for me ) absolutely fancied they must be right , and quite desponded . 'Tis true , here and tliere a visitor has remembered that his wheats , which he had half determined on ploughing up in early spring owing to their wretched appearance , have * Iii 10-20 ths of the heavy undrained , weedy , half-tilled lands of this country , thin soiling would be in wet winters a ruinous afl ' air , hecause we well know iu such seasous , ou such lands , much of the seed rots or perishes . In fact , I have often lieard farmers say the water lies in , or follows the line of drill , and yet such men never drtam ot drainage . But on chalks , limestones , sands , gravels , and otlier self-drained soils , thin sowing ( or , in preference , thin dibbling ) cannot fail to be profitable , provided tbe horse-hoe and hand-hoe ( with heavy autumnal and sprnig _roUings ) keep tlie intermediate surface open and free . It was , no doubt , a consideration of these circumstances that caused the society to decide as they did .
^Ield-Garden Operations. For. The Week C...
always turned out his best crops . ¦ 'And we have been occasionally consoled b y a stray remark , " Oh ! it _XrtLF _? _- ? _£ ? ther there will be wheat enough ; » _ . tnere will be more than people expect " : " aud so on . Whilst another has remembered that his luxuriant Z tiA VVii h _^' , a cold and * et J" -y and August , been latd _^ matted , and rotted , or destroyed . However , amid this storm of conflicting opinions , I have calmly and confidentl y looked on as an unprejudiced observer depending on facts and common sense , and not on opinions . The most interesting wav of viewing thm sowing would be to consider—Its effects on the whole course of rotation . Its increase in the quantity of food , Its diminution of the waste of food . Its substitution of ' corn for weeds . Its progressive and continuous amelioration of the soil .
And by all these its increase of profit to the tenant and landlord . I have taken some pains to ascertain how results , a _* rse to tlie P rinc 'Ple of _thi" sowing , have been obtained . The following are illustrations _amongst others : — _° Well , you sowed three pecks per acre : how did it answer ? We did not get quite so much as with eight pecks . Did you give it more than usual _hoeiiigs ?—No , WC gave it two hand-hoeings . Were tliere not many weeds ? -Oh , yes , a great many more than usual . It did not occur to _^ you thatthe ground being so much less covered In the plant ' s early growth , that ifc was necessary to prevent entirely the growth of weeds by additional hoeing ?—Noit did not
, . And do you consider this a fair trial ?—We do . _\\ Iiy is wheat an exhausting crop ? and why are roots not considered a scourging crop , although they really are much more so than wheat ? Wc-may safely compare the , undisturbed shaded cold and sour ground under a dense wheat crop to soil shaded by trees , there is a foul fusty smell in soil that has _^ W l 0 ? f cxcIuded from light , very different from the healthy nosegay of a summer tilth . In one case we see the result ; in the other we only see the wheat . We admit that the benefits of light , air , and evening dews are great ; nobody denies the excellence of a clean fallow . That atmosphere which has disintegrated and reduced to dust the solid marbles and cities of antiquity , will alike chemically decomDose the
particles of earth we expose to its influence . Frequent tillage and comminution is our best and cheapest manure ; and yet we obstinately decline following Jethro Tull ' s and Mr . Hewett Davis ' s plan of a fallow amongst the growing corn crops . This is the great secret of Mr . Davis ' s subsequent good crops . The soil is ready to receive them . Were we to treat our turnip crop as we do our wheat crop , where would be the following crop ? Imagine a crop of turnips on the ground ten months out of the twelve , not thinned , and only a couple of scratchings , called hand-hoeings , bestowed on it . Oh ! but a turnip swells so . . Wei I , does not a wheat plant swell into a giant if you will but give it space and time , with deep and frequent cultivation and ample food ?
Would you have grown into your well-developed form had you been cramped in thc clothing of your boyish days , and had not more room been given to you a 9 you advanced in size ? The struggle for air , light , and food is quite as great amongst a crowded wheat crop on poor land , as it was amongst our unfortunate countrymen when confined in the blaek-hole at Calcutta . Like them , many perish in the struggle . The puny cars , shrivelled kernels , and spindling stems , are caused by the plants striving to get their heads above their companions , whose pressure on their sides forces them up to a longitudinal decrepitude . Here let me quote the truthful , eloquent , and impressive words of Professor Johnstone : — " The light of the sun , in the existing economy of nature , is
indeed equally necessary to the health of plants and of animals . The former become pale and ' sickly , and refuse to perform their most important chemical functions when excluded from the light . The bloom disappears also , from tho human cheek , the body wastes away , and the spirit sinks , when the unhappy prisoner is debarred irom the sight of the blessed sun . In his system , too , the presence of light is necessary to the performance of those chemical functions , on which the healthy condition of the vital fluid depends . " Who after this will advocate the exclusion of light by thick sowing ? A blanched sea-kale is a powerful illustration of the effect of the absence of light . I do not consider the system of thin , sowing can be profitably carried out with the ordinary hand-hoe . My plan is to nse Garrett and Son ' s horsc-hoe , which covers a whole stetch , seven feet two inches
wide , and will / with two horses , disturb deeply ten acres per day , and remove all weeds from between the rows . I shall use it weeds or no weeds , whenever the groundis dry , for the purpose of fallowing the land , and facilitating the escape of moisture and change of air by percolation and evaporation ; whilst the warm night dews are in summer admitted into the open comminuted surface . Unless this is done thin sowing must prove a failure . The horse-hoe should precede and succeed such little hand-hoeing as may be necessary between the plants . It is a singular corroborative fact that our dibbled wheat ( onHhe heavy land , not the light land ) , which looked best all the _Avinter , during the spring rains turned yellow , which I attribute entirely to our being unable to
horse-hoe between the rows . The thin sown drilled , whicli had been horse-hoed , looked beautifully green on the same description of soil . I am having Newberry ' s dibbling machine altered to cover the whole stetch , seven feet two , with foot distance between the rows , so as to enable me to use Garrett ' s horse hoe . I am not aware there was . any other cause for the yellow appearance ofthe dibbled portion . _Horsc-hoeing , or opening of the soil , I consider indispensable with all crops , but especially dibbled wheats on heavy land : being deeply reoted , they are deprived by a tenacious surface of a . proper supply of oxygen , & c ., without which the roots cannot perforin their functions . In light or mellow soils there is no such risk . In
such soils all corn should be dibbled ; but until I have an opportunity another season of trying dibbled wheat on heavy land , well horse-hoed , I am not prepared to say , whether dibbling with a machine in a'late cold and wet season is advisable on heavy lands . I am convinced drilling-is to be preferred to dibbling , if we get a cold wet spring and cannot use the horse-hoc . Such soils ( even though recently drained ) in wet cold weather become so _muchisolidified , as'to prevent evaporation and consequently percolation ; and the circulation of air , unless the surface is frequently opened by cultivation . . Even in drained heavy land the surface should be kept well open , for when the surface is sodden or solidified , the internal water cannot descend to the drains . As an illustration , liquid will
not flow out of a cask unless we let in air above by removing the vent . peg . The deeper the roots the more they suffer . It may be admitted that , in such rare seasons as the last , dense crops were productive , because from the extraordinary drought , innumerable cracks or fissures were the means of permitting extensive percolation and evaporation , but against such a season must be balanced those more commonly wet ones , which cause loss by mildewed and laid crops . But even last year , I know of thin crops being the most productive on well cultivated soils . The deficiency in the number of stems is compensated by the length , size , and uniformity of the ears , and the greatly increased number of kernels , 110 of whieh I have frequently counted from one wheat ear . The blade or flag leaf is also of course much larger .
It is well known that on poor light lands wheats never tiller or branch so well as in heavier soils ; there is a tendency to a more rapid or surface growth ; In order to prevent this , they should , in such soils , be'well rolled when sown , and as soon as they are above ground ; and again ' shortly , after , as well as in the spring . This checks their upward growth , and obliges the tap root to descend into the subsoil , out of the way ot frost and excessive drought , for there are two roots to wheat , a fibrous surface root and a downward tap root , which are connected by a neck between them ( varying from one to-six inches ,
according to the depth at which the seed is placed . ) For want of this autumnal rolling , many thousand acres of light land wheats havethis severe winter been killed by the frost which perished the roots ; especially on the north-side of the stitches . A farmer who lost fiftyacres told me to day , that where he rolled in autumn he saved his" wheats , having previously observed that where cart-wheels had passed over the land , the plant was vigorous . No implement answers so well for this purpose as Crosslcill ' s clod . roller . __ Of course , in heavy land such rolling cannot be required in a ivet autumn ; in a very dry one it might be useful , although such land would seldom _require pressure .
Supposing we are satisfied to receive as a crop five quarters , or ICO pecks of wheat per acre , —what ratio of increase do we require from each kernel , assuming that we sow two pecks per acre ? Why eighty kernels _oroiiefuU sized ear . ( I saw some ears last season containing 100 kernels . ) . Now where is the man to deny that the average produce from each kernel - may be , instead of eighty kernels , from 500 to 2000 or more with ample space , absence of weeds , wire-worm , and game . It is quite clear , that on tlie tillering or branching
of wheat , depends the whole question—that branching or tillering is indicative of vigour in tho roots , both tap and fibrous . That vigour can alone be produced by deep drainage , early sowing , frequent , deep , and clean cultivation , a total absence of weeds , occasional top-dressings of manure , if the land is not ofi rich quality , or tlie plant be weak ; and on light land , amp le rollings . With the present defective system of farming , thin bowing must be a failure . T . J . MlCIlE . July 1845 . ...
Coxniage.—It Is A Popular Error To Suppo...
_CoxniAGE . —It is a popular error to suppose that courage means courage in everything . Put a hero on board ship at a five-barred gate , and if he is not used to hunting he will turn pale . Put a fox-hunter on one of the Swiss chasms , over Which the mountaineer springs like a roe , and his knees will knock under lum . - * People are brave in the danger to which they accustom themselves , either in imagination or practice . —Bulwer .
Ilat-R-Et Ftntelltpnm
_ilat-R-et ftntelltpnm
London Cons Exchange, Monda Y , Ocr. 27....
London Cons Exchange , Monda y , Ocr . 27 . — The past week ' s arrivals of English wheat for our market , coastwise , _w-ere large—viz ., nearly 16 , 000 quarters ; but by land carriage veiy little came to hand from any part . The receipts of barley , oats , beans , and flour , were limited , hut those of peas good . From Ireland and Scotland comparatively lew parcels of any kind of grain reached us , while the imports of foreign produce wero not to say extensive . Fresh up to-day comparatively little wheat came to hand from the neighbouring counties , yet the stands \ v ere somewhat largely filled ; many parcels appearing on the market left over from last week . Notwithstanding the attendance of buyers was numerous , the demand for all descriptions of home produce was
_somewnat inactive . However , tne _liiiest parcels oi both red arid white were mostl y taken at prices quite equal to those obtained on Monday last ; but tliose of the middling and out of condition " sorts had , in some instances , a downward tendency . The favourable weather experienced during thc last ten days caused the wheat to come to hand in much better ' condition than for some time past . The show of free foreign wheat was small , but fully equal to the wants of the trade . Selected qualities moved off freely ; other kinds slowly , at last week ' s currencies . Iu bond very few transactions took place in wheat , but several speculative purchases were made ' in oats , beans , and peas , at extreme rates . The barley trade , though the arrivals have been rather limited , was not to say brisk , nevertheless malting parcels commanded a rise of Is . per quarter , and the value of grinding and distilling sorts had an upward tendency . At the close of the market nearly the whole ofthe supply was cleared off . For superfine season-made malt the sale
was rather active , at fully previous rates . Other kinds quite as dear . The show of oats was very small , owing to which , the extensive demand , and thc high rates ruling in Ireland , together with advices having been received to the effect that yery few shipments arc making from tho principal Irish ports either to London or Liverpool , the ( _juotations ( which rose quite ls . on Friday ) ruled 2 s . to 8 s . per quarter higher than on thi 3 day se ' nnight , and at which a total clearance was effected . The supply of beans was far froni extensive . All kinds moved off freely at rather more money . As has been the case for some time past , peas commanded a brisk inquiry , at a rise in the quotations of froni Is . to 2 s . per quarter . For export very little was doing . The supply from our own coasts was again large , and of good quality . Flour was in fair request , and the best town-made was selling at 60 s . per 280 lbs . Canary seed was ls . to 2 s . per quarter dearer . Linseed was in request at more money . Other kinds of seeds supported late rates .
CURttENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FLOUR , AND SEED IN MARK-LANE . BBII 1 _SU GRAIN . Shillings per Quarter . Wheat .. Essex 4 ; Kent , white _. new .. C 2 to 72 .. G 7 to 76 Ditto , red 58 68 .. 60 72 Suftblk and Norfolk , red .. 60 65 white 69 71 Lincoln and York , red ., 61 67 white 60 71 Korthumb . and Scotch _.-. 61 69 Rye 29 32 Barley .. Malting 33 3 G extra 38 — Distilling 30 35 Grinding 25 27
Malt .. Ship " . 51 58 Ware CO 62 Oats .. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire , feed , 26 s Od to 28 s Od ; potato , or short , 27 s Od to 31 s Od ; Poland , 26 s 6 d to 31 s 6 d ; Northumberland and Scotch , Angus , 29 s 6 d to 31 s 6 d ; potato , 32 s _6 d to 33 s 6 d ; Irish feed , 25 s Od to 27 s fid ; black , 25 s Od to 27 s 0 d ; potato , 203 Od to 29 s Od ; Galway , 24 s Od to 25 s Od . Beans .. Ticks 3 d 42 Harrow , small .. .. 38 44 Feas .. "White ; . 41 48 boilers SO 54 Gray aud hog .. .. 39 42 Flour .. Norfolk and Suffolk .. . 45 51 Town-made ( per sack of 2801 bs 48 56 Buckwheat , or Brauk .. .. ' .. 30 32
EN 6 LISH SEEDS , -fcc . ' Red clover ( per cwt . ) " ,. , 40 to 70 Wliite clover ( per cwt . ) ' .. 4 74 Rapeseed ( per last ) .. ,. £ iQ 28
FOKEI _QN GEAIN , Shillings per Quarter . Free . IuJBoud . Wheat .. Dantsic and Konigsberg 08 extra 70 .. 53 — 58 Ditto ditto .. 65 — 68 .. 50 — 53 Pomeranian , & c ., Anhalt 59 — 67 .. 43 — 55 Danish , Holstein , _
Barle .. Grinding 26 — 31 Ditto , distilling 31 — 34 .. 19 — 26 Oats .. Dutch , feed .. .. 22 — 25 > Ditto , brew and thick .. 24 — £ 7 .. 17 — 21 Russian 21 — 24 .. 15 — 18 Danish is Mecklenburg 20 — 23 .. 14 — 17 Beans .. Ticks , S 3 to 39 , small .. 37 — 44 .. 32 — 43 Egyptian 30 — 35 .. 28 — 34 Peas .. White , 40 to 56 , gray .. 42 — 4 t > Flour .. Dantsic and Hamburgh ( per barrel ) , fine 28 32 , superfine .. .. 3 J — 36 .. 21 — 24 Canada , 31 to 34 , United States 32 — 88 .. 21 — 26 Buckwheat 30 — 35 Mustard seed , brown ( per bushel ) 9 s to 14 s ; wliite , 10 s to 15 s . Linseed cakes ( per 1000 of 31 b each ) £ 11 to £ 1110 s .
FOEEIOK SEEDS , -fcc . Per Quarter . Linseed .. Petersburgh and Riga ( free of duty ) .. 42 to 44 Archangel , 40 to 43 , Memel and Konigsberg 42 44 Mediterranean , 40 to 46 , Odessa .. 44 46 Rapeseed ( free of duty ) per last .. .. £ 24 26 Ued _filover ( 10 s per cwt . and 5 per cent , on the duty ) 40 C 2 J _^ hite dit to .. .. 45 68 fares , small spring ( free of duty ) 31 to 33 , large .. 40 — Linseed cake ( free uf duty ) , Dutch , £ 710 s , £ 3 10 s , French , per ton £ 7 15 , £ 8 15 Rape cakes ( free of duty ) .. £ 5 £ 5 5
AVERAGE PRICES Of the last six weeks , which regulate the Duties from the 23 rd to the 29 th of October .
Wheat Barley Oats , Rye . Beans Peas . Week " _^ _dii _^ _^ ' ' ' ' * d _" " _^ - Sept . 13 , 1845 .. 54 1 31 0 22 . 3 33 . 2 42 10 36 5 Week ending Sept . 20 , 1845 .. 54 1 31 0 22 3 S 3 2 42 10 36 5 Week ending Sept . 27 , 1815 .. 52 6 39 9 21 7 32 8 42 5 37 o Weok ending Oct . 4 , 1843 .. 53 2 30 2 22 2 33 1 42 5 38 9 Week ending Oct . 11 , 1845 .. 56 0 31 1 23 4 33 S 43 1 42 6 Week ending Oct . 18 , 1845 .. 57 9 31 3 23 4 34 2 43 1 44 4
Aggregate aver _, age of thc last six weeks .. _ 54 11 31 0 22 7 33 4 42 8 39 3 London averages ( ending Oct . 21 , 1845 ) 63 4 34 4 25 0 87 5 40 8 46 7 Duties .. .. 18 0 70 60 DC 10 36
London Smithfield _Market , Mosd _' ay , Oct . 27 . — The past week ' s imports of foreign stock into London have been only moderate , viz ., 51 _voxen , 67 cows , and 3 U 0 sheep from Rotterdam , together with 25 oxen from Hamburgh , and about 40 small pigs from France . To-day only about 30 foreign beasts and 120 sheep were on offer , the whole of whicli found buyers at full prices . At the outports about 200 beasts and sheep have been received , chiefly from Holland . From our own grazing districts the arrivals of beasts fresh up this morning were yery extensive , the time of year considered , and , on thc whole , of improved quality . The attendance of buyers being very numerous , the primest Scots , Devons , _Iierefords , runts , & c , commanded a very steadg sale , at prices fully equal to those obtained on Monday last . The middling and inferior kinds were not quite so
active as on that day ; nevertheless , previous rates were well supported , and a good clearance was effected . From the northern counties we received about 2000 shorthorns ; from the eastern districts , 300 Scots , hoinebreds , shorthorns , < fcc . , * _fronixthe western aud midland parts of England , 700 Herefords , Devons , runts , & c . ; from other parts , 400 of various breeds ; from Ireland , 90 beasts' ; and from Scotland , 120 horned and polled Scots . The number of sheep wrre again small , owing to which the mutton trade was decidedly brisk , and the quotations had , in some instances , an upward tendency . The demand for veal was active- and rates were quite 4 d . per 8 lbs . higher than on this day se ' nnight . Although we had a full average supply of p igs on offer , the sale for them was firm , and the last advance in the auorations was well supported .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . _s . d , Inferior coarse beasts . . 2 6 ¦ 2 8 Second quaUty . . 2 1 ft 3 4 Prime large oxen . . . 3 6 3 10 Prime Scots ,-Sec . . . 4042 Coarse inferior sheep . . 3840 Second quality . . . 4244 Prime coarse woolled . . 4648 Prime Southdown , . -4 10 5 o Large coarse calves . . - . 4 4 4 lo Prime small ... . 5054 Suckling calves , each . . 18 0 30 u Largehogs . . .. . 3 10 4 G Seat small porkers . . 4 6 -j 4 Quarter-old store pigs , each . 16 0 li 0 HEAD OF CATTLE ON 8 AI _. E , ( From the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 8 , 954-Sheep , 24 , 250-Calves , _85-Pigs , 817 .
Richmosd Con * Makket , Oct . 25 _,-We had a large supply of grain in our market to-day . AVe havo had another week of fine weather , and most of the corn in this neighbourhood has been got into stack in rood condition . Old wheat sold from Ss . Gd . to 9 s 6 d . ; new ditto , 5 s . to 8 s . ; oats , 3 s . to 4 s . ; barley , 4 s . 3 d . to 4 ? . Od . ; beans , 0 s . 3 d . to 0 s . 0 d . per bushel .
London Cons Exchange, Monda Y , Ocr. 27....
Mascuestkb Com . Market , . Satubdat , Oct . 2 _^ - The pause reported in the Wheat trade at _Mark-iane this week , combined with weather oi a more favourable character , has caused the transactions m flour to be ofa less lively nature than previously . Still a fair consumptive demand for . the article has been experienced , and the stocks in first hands being ot moderate extent only , the currency of the preceedmg market day was fully supported . Oats ' and oatmeal , influenced by continued gloomy reports relative to the _t ' otatoo crops , were much inquired for and . realized a further improvement in prices . At our market this morning all descriptions of wheat met a slow sale at the currency of this day se ' nnight . Flour was in steady , but not extensive request at former rates . On oats an advance of fully 4 d . per 451 bs . must be noted ; and oatmeal , both old and new , being taken off freely , was Cd . to ls . per load dearer . Beans were without change .
LivERrooi . Corn Makket , Fuiday , Oct . 23 . —At our market this day there was only a slow retail demand for old wheat , at Tuesday ' s rates . New Irish was offering Id to 2 d . pcr bushel lower , and not much disposed of . There was a good demand for grinding barley , at very full prices . Beans were held for rather more money , and peas for an advance of 2 s to 3 s per qr . There was a . steady sale for both old and new oats , at an advance of Id . per bushel . Oatmeal was Is per load dearer , and very little of either old or new offering . There was only a slow sale for Irish and Canada flour , at barely Tuesday ' s rates . We heard of no sales of wheat under lock . ' Flour in bond was much sought after , and 31 s per barrel would have been freely paid .
Leeds Coax Market , Tuesda , Oct . 23 . — The arrival of all grain is small for this day ' s market , but as the demand is slow and limited to immediate wants , the supply of wheat proves quite equal to the demand ; ancl for all but the finest samples , wc note a decline in value , and new wheat is ls to 2 s per or . cheaper than on this day week . There is a good demand for barley , and the best _descriptitns bring full prices . Oats continue scarce . JKo * alteration in the value of beans , or other articles . Birmingham Corn Exchange , TSursdat , Oct . 23 . —At this day ' s market there was only a moderate supply of wheat , which sold at Is . per quarter more than this day' se nnight . Barley , ef all descriptions ,
2 s . per quarter dearer , * and oats realized a similar advance . _Egyptian beans sold at an improvement of 2 a . to 3 s . per quarter ; old English , Is . to 2 a , higher . The retail price of flour was advanced _Ssvtd , per sack . Peas Is . to 2 s . dearer . The complaints of the potatoes continue to increase . Wakefield Corn Market , " Fridat , _Ost . 24 . — The arrivals of wheat to this day ' s market aro good , a great portion of which is new in poor condition . The deniend for fine old runts is brisk , at fully last currency ; all new samples of good- quality remain unaltered in value . Barley is steady . Beans as fully as dear as last week . Oats are id . per stone , and shelling ls . to ls . 6 d . per load higher .
^Anknipte, &T. .
_^ anknipte _, & _t _. .
Bankrupts. (From Tuesday's Gazette, Octo...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday ' s Gazette , October 28 , 1845 J James Summers , of Cambridge , cabinetmaker—George Michael Von Dadelszen , of 2 3 , _Minciiig-laiie ,, City , merchant—George Hoskins , late of Old Broad-street , City , but now of Peckhanij Surrey , " watchmaker—William Bellamy , of 4 , Clarence-pluce ,. Middlotori-road , _Kingslandroad , builder—Isaac Ulackburii , of 128 , _Minories , and Northumberland-alley ,. Fcncliurch-street , City , engineer-Edward Leman and Thomas Kinsman Bryan , of Upper Thames-street , City , wharfingers—Henry Tune ,, of 102 , Blackfriars-road , boot and shoe manufacturer—Sophia Smith , of Garboldisliam , Norfolk , grocer—William Burns , of Rhyl , Fliutsliirc , draper—James Docker ,, Birkenhead , joiner—Richard Warr , of Beaminster ,. Dorsetshire- auctioneer—Thomas Ilowarth , of Rochdale , wooUeu , manufacturer . T-. TVTTVENT-. S 'npnr . A'RE-o .
William Hill and William Kemble Wackerbarth , of Leadenhall-street , City , ship agents ,. fourth dividend of 7 _id in the pound , payable at 25 , Oolemaurstreet , any Wednesday . ' " " Thomas . Seddon and George Seddon , of Calthorpe-place , _Gray's-inn-road , upholsterers , first dividend of 2 os in the pound on the separate estate of Thomas Seddon ,. payable at 25 , Coleman-street , any Wednesday . ' . John Morgan leader , of 361 , Oxford-street , coach maker , first dividend of 4 s lOd in the . pound , payable at 25 , Coleniiiii-street , any Wednesday . Robert Currie , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , booltseller , final dividend of _Sjd in . the pound ( in addition to 4 s 8 din the pound previously declared ) , payable at 57 , Grey-street , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , any Saturday . Thomas Brewer , of Liverpool , flax dealer , first dividend of 2 s 8 d in the pound , payable at 11 , _Eldon-chambers , any Thursday . George Byford , of Liverpool , wholesale grocer , ; first dividend of 5 s in the pound , payable at 11 , Bldon-chambers , on Thursday .
PIV _1-D-C-S 1-. S TO -BX I > -eCI . Al * . BI > _. At the Court of Bankruptcy , London . Isaac Hughes , of Chelmsford , shoemaker , _Novembsr 10 , at twelve—James Welsh , of the Coach and Horses , Ring _, cross , HoUoway , and of Chalgrave _, Bedfordshire , victualler , November 19 , at twelve—Charles _Scholefield , of Kingston-upon-Thaines , timber merchant ,. November 19 , at eleven—James Clarke Crespin , of 31 , Eastcheap _, City , shipping agent , November 10 , at half-past twelve—Archibald Morton , Archibald Rodick , and Charles Morton , of Wellingborough , Northamtonshire , bankers , November 18 , at half-past one—George How Green and George Courthope Green , of Barge-yard , Bucklersbury ,. wholesale stationers , Novomber 18 , at eleven .
In the Country , v William Michael Onions of Westbromwich , ironfounder .. November 27 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham— -William Scott , of Manchester , grocer , November 28 , at twelve , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester —WRliani Summers and Nicholas Rao , of Strangeways , Lancashire , ropemakers , Novciiiber 19 ,. at twelve , at tiie Court of Bankruptcy , Maiicbestex- —Edward Thomas Jones and Henry Morritt Croskill , of Rochdale , booksellers , November 19 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Manchester—Gregory Succombe and Samuel Seccombe , of Tavistock , Devonshire , and Rude , CornwaU , tailors , November 20 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , JGxeter—William John JacKman Coall , of Exeter ,
grocer , November 20 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Exeter—W . Reay , of Walker , Northumberland , sliip-buikler _. Nov . 19 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Newcastle-upon-Tyne—George Walker , of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , ship insurance broker , November 13 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , _Neweastle-ujion-Tyne—John Palmer , sen ., of Stapluford , Nottinghamshire ,. and Thomas Topley Barker , of Sandiacre , Derbyshire , cotton doublers , November 21 , at twelve at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Bir . mingham—Jolm Clarke , Joseph Philips , and Thomas Smith , of Leicester , bankers , December 5 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham—James Heaton , of Ludlow , stationer , November 21 , at half-past eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham .
_Ceutificates to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting . John Guy , of 30 , _Bury-street , "Westminster , publisher , November 10—Isaac de Joseph Ventura , of 3 , "W hite Hartcourt , Bishopsgate-street , merchant , November 19 — _WiUiam Sofl ' e , of 380 , Strand , print seller , November 1 _S>—Ilezekiuh Deuby Coggan , of 39 , Friday-street , City , warehouseman , November 18—Richard Garrett , of Ilenfield , Sussex , linen draper , Novomber 18—Edward Mallan , of Brook-street , Bond-street , and of Oxford-street , dentist , November 19—George Tupenny Peers , of Ironmonger-lane , Cheapsido , pluinber _. NovembGr 19-John Ilohnan Suckling , of Birmingham , ironmonger , November 21 . Cektificates to be granted by the Court of Review , unless cause be shown to tlte contrary , on or before November 18 . John Riky , of Liverpool , merchant—John Braithwaite , of Morpeth , Northumberland , innkeeper .
_PARTNEU-jHlPS-DISSOI-VEB . Jane Robinson , Martha Midgley , aud William Midgley , of Liverpool , milliners—George Stebbing , sen ; , and Horatio Nelson Stebbing , of Portsmouth , opticians—Ann l ' enton _, Robert Marsden , and George Marsden , of Sheffield , merchants ( so far as regards Ann Fenton)— Herman Julius Marcus and John Naylor , of Leeds , stockbrokers—Thomas Bartle and John Jarvis , of 2 CG , Strand , tailors—Geoi _* ge Mountain and John Mountain , of Manchester , general warehousemen—Frederick Piggott and Thomas Jt ' rancis Giles , of Richmond , Surrey , coal merchants—Caroline Lowe , Emma Lowe , and Frances Oakley , of Ryde , Isle of Wight , milliners ( so far as regards Frances Oakley)—• Benjamin Snuire , Nathan . _Cloueh , and Henry Leppinirwell , of
Leeds , painters—Charles Bartlett and Charles C . _Pilford , of Gloucester , commission merchants—John M'Whan and "William Ilaughton , of Liverpool , tallow . ' chandlersdiaries Binning and William Hurnian , of Bridgewater , Somersetshire , Uncn drapers—Joseph Cox , Johu JF . Cox , and William'Cox , of Bauipton , Cumberland , maisters ( so far as regards ' William Cox ) —George Beaumont and Alexander Moorhousc Beaumont , of Honley ami Huddersfield , Yorkshire , manufacturers—Jolm _Scandrett Harford , Abraham Gray Harford Battevsby , Thomas Kington Bayly , John William Miles , aud WiUiam Miles , of Bristol , bankers ( so far as regards John Scandrett Harford )—Frederick Arnold and Edward Cooper , of 9 , _Budge-row , City , wholesale perfumers .
The Vexezuelas Mi.Nisieu.—We Regret Toj ...
The Vexezuelas _Mi . nisieu . —We regret toj have to announce the sudden death of M . _h _' ortique , the Venezuelan Minister , at his residence in Wiinpoles . reut , yesterday niorning . M . _Fortique had lately returned from a diplomatic _^ mission to Sweden , and had complained for some time past of cough and diiiiculty of breathing , but not to such an extent as to excite the alarm oi ' his friends . It is , however , the opinion of Mr . Erichden , the deceased ' s medical attendant , that the immediate cause of the fatal result was a neglected cold and iuilamiuation of the lungs . M . Fortique was about io years of age , unmarried , . and much and most deservedly respected bv the dip lomatic corps in this country .
Piqua Plant . —I he proof oi the efhcaey and healthful effect of the plant in preference to tea or coffee : —Let a nervous or dyspeptic patient use two or three cups of strong tea upon-retiring to rest , and the effect will he night-marc , disturbed sleep , and otlier violent symptoms of indigestion , -fcc . The proof : — Let the most debilitated , dyspeptic , asthmatic , consumptive , and nervous patients use two , three , or more cups of a very strong infusion of the Piqua Plant , and in the morning they will awake refreshed with their-repose . It is highly recommended by physicians to invalids aiid children , as a most
invigorating and pleasant beverage . --Sec advertisement . Holloway ' s Ointment and Pills . — " Take uptliy bed and walk . "" Mary Eouse , aged 48 , residing at Tooting , had been bed-ridden for the last two years . Three years ago ( at the turn of of life ) , her legs and other parts of her body swelled most fri ghtfully . This was followed by sores and wounds , covering nearly every part of her person , which rendered her hel p less . B y purifying the blood b y means of these wonderful _pills _^ and use of the ointment , she was radically cured in four weeks . Females ought notto take any other medicine than these purifying pills .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_01111845/page/7/
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