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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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OBSEKYJLEKWS CONNECTED WITH MR . PHKBTHLY'S TOTJB . ( Coniaatedfrom onr lad week ' s japer , ) TSSSXCCnOKS JtSD CATTTIOKS -TO MIGKASTS . Tbere ran be no BbjeeHora toperaoni of ireaieoniU . taficaagoiiig out , aa many tore SiereSbjbBen restated fe > 5 BsKh , " « rho had been long in / a lingering state -when at home ; sn& JoH persona often feel tbemaehrat imprtrred ; as to those ^ ho are ssthroatlcal the rarity of ' fijevsn- In the States Tery often « ffecta a complete ears . . j " r-^ eeing Bo ^ ettaiaoae , Itwfll / bejpn at Tiome ; and , z » Isverpool is theptinapal port from -which emigrants proeeed / l ; win eortflneiDy obaerrataoss to that port alone _^ lfle they ^ in a ^ greai snesaure , ; : ^!! apply to * rery port in the : IInUea Bngdom >—IAverpsol lelng inert xcmtigtioas to Lamaihire , Cheahire , Wales , Salop , Staf-Ioi ^ X > eib 7 , imdKottiij ^ amBhire , aIaoWestniDrland > » nd CnrnTiwlsnffi andmany traTel to that poit from all other parts of IJngJana , and also from Scotland and Ireland , jBfcon ^* 8 sselisanto 2 fK » Tbrl :, IBdston . P . Mladelphia , and other ports rin America , jrom . London , Bristol , Plymouth , BulL , and Newcastle , inEn ^ and ; Xeith sod Glasgow , in Scotland ; and Cork , Dablin , Belfast , and other ports in . Ireland .
- Asa-matter of course , every one Trill make the most of everything before leafing home , reserring only such arHetes as may be of " the greatest use to them on S » 7 oyajje , or afterlaBOjnj 5 and ltTroula be T ? eH to place any conadderatile Bam of money In the h&BuB Ol -some nputahlB merchant "who may have an agent Bt the port "whree it is intended to land , taking an order to receive it on arrival ? or if any hank -would grre an order at small charge , it -would Berre equally ¦ welL I only fear that too few "will have nock to ¦ pare alter paying' their passaje and having a little to meet unaroifiable expsBees on Ty ^^ fng JLtter plating your luggage in the hands of some xepctaitle carrier , always largain and pay the carriage . This Tin be found the cheapest way .
Arrangements being completed at horns , yon proceed to / Manchester , take the zirer ioat from Heir JBafleybridge , tta charge being 2 i for each adalt ( children half price ) to Liverpool , Trbere private -lodgings and meals may be . procured economically in « eme of the streets adjoininglhe Prince ' s or Waterloo docks . No time should be lost In obtaining an advertising newspaper , from -srhich tete a list of all the ships bound for Sb © port to -which yon intend to sail ; and sometimes it may be "well to tike those for Boston or Philadelphia , as jeu might find it advantageous to go to a neighbooring port , as the ship may be less crowded , or of a superior class , and » t a lower fare , as waB the case with myself in sailing for Boston Instead of Jfew York . "WhEnyon have rot your list completed of all the ships ,
and while Sisy are lyingin the several docks , hasten to tint every < xce or them by going on board , and * mV ? T 7 g judnguesilon as you deem necessary ; and should sny passengers Is on board yon must ascertain the amount they iave paid as fare , which will be a guide for you it the office . After fating the round in this manner , yon having the agenTs naaie for each ship , proceed to © ray office and znake the necessary enquiries as to fares , and everything * toe ; when you have done this , jeSest and consult , and return to that office which is seazest your wishes , and try to stake as favourable a bargain as yon-can , fearing no one ,. and poshing about ina bold and baimess-hke manner , jrever forgetting flaitym juw ^ yiii uMiuirtcrt _> y : ljmrt-3 i ^ jTcffc » in tile shape Of Tnwij and Mgim ^ mMi Jboys , asd even feTWRtf . ^ some of whom will tell yon that they are ia&t come in
fromsuch and such a place , and are on the aame errand as yourself , while their sole object is plunder . Some will ^ jrofess to be agents for certain companies or ships ; and they will tell you they can procure yen the cheapest passage in the beet ahip—they can find yon the cheapest and bast lodging—andyonr provisjons they can supply JHoeh better and cheaper than any one else . - The perkhh on board the ships yon visit , and all along the nocks and sfcreetsy and even the persons where job lodge , will irv to pluck 70 a of some extras , by introducing ^ ontoa provision dealer ; or others , and then they havB sb handsome allowance ont of ysur money Tea mustTratch everyone of those , and others , whom io attempt to describe is in -rain . Hear wbat they say , hot rely an-nothing . Shake © ff tie vnltnres , sod look out for yourselves at the head of every establishment , and at no other place .
What are called the liners , or packet ships , are genesaQy the fastest saHera ; and having read my tour , yon will have learned Tfhat treatment you may expect from beginning to end , « ven when you have used the best possible means and the greatert caution . I > o not , Qnanyacconnt , pay your fare nnffl jomeper-Kvntfiave his name and put itdown ) goes with jon from the office jtothe / ihip , and has your berth fixed en , and jour ^ isitms put upon it ; and pay the fare no where but at the agent ' s offic 8 ; after you have had the printed form filled up with the number . of the berth , and the anmpsid . SbouHyxm sot be able ~ to . see this correctly done younelf . get some person , in whom you have confidence , to do it for you ; and in ease insult or violence be xbewa to-wards yon { as was done towards Mrs . Bradley , In the case 1 poblisiied along with jbj introductory letter , ) give the person in charge of a policeman ; and go . toIienteQantHenry . orsneh person as may fill the office
of government agent for the protection of emigrants at the port , to whom any policeman can direct yoa ; and he wHl assist : joa , in bringing the culprit to Justice . TomnuBtbe as canning as a fox and as bold as a lion . When yaa ha-re obtained yonr receipt , and seen it to be perfectly correct , you must inform £ hs ageat thai you are resolved to keep It until you Teach you destination ; and , indeed , that it is asmnchyoRrs as the money which yon hare paid is bis . 1 say this , because it is the practice as «» n as the ship goes out of port , to collect all the receipts from the passengers ; and then you are defenceless—you are open to insult from any one—yonr quantity of water , which is specified in the receipt , may be radnced , and many other advantages laien with impunity ; but if yon havs the term * of BngngpjneTit , you . can , on imfling , have the Captain brought otfore the authorities and obtain ledress . 2 dark this well , as it is important .
your next baoness is to go and hire a donkey cut , or Knne other conveyance , and have your goods taken from &e earners to the -ship . Save a person with you when yon mate your bargain , which siust be a positive one , artheywni by some twist make you pay three times the sum bargained for . Stand finn , and they murt obey . Iiet no one ^ y their hand on a single article belong ing to you , « T&ey w 31 make you pay too dear for your whisOsu l ^ awa man allow three ^ ellows to carry his luggage from off a donkey cart to the hold of the ship , a distonce of about twenty "yards , and they charged him the 3 K 9 deraZe-sum of three shTnings each—only nine shillixrp } snd the siniple fellow paid them aeren and sixpence . This ii a fair sample « f the sack ; so that if you permit any of the leeches to touch , they are sure to suck
the very last drop of blood from you if they can . Remember always thaVthe nine shillings were charged -and the seven and sixpence paid for a few minutes work ; and keep in your mind * a eye that these people live by jfasdering the unfortunate and unsuspecting funignmts , and comaker them lair game ; and so caHons-hearledare tba £ enoB Hat were they to drain their victims of the last fartliing they would only rfjoice in their success , While the poor fleeced creatures are fixed for means to eairy them -forward , -or to enable them to return home ; aadyou may rest assure * that many of those plunderers KB m connection with , and harboured and encouraged by , whataie termed the respectooZe offices for engaging passages for emigrants ; bo that you are never safe but in yonr-own wafchfnlness and resolution .
When you have got your ^ oods on board you may be able to sleep there , and thus save the txpense of lodgisgj ; and itis needful that yon should do so , as gangs are , under j > retenee of looking for berths , ready to commit -wbberjj " therefore you must have every moveable thing locted up and also keep a strict watch . A fnend of mine had bis best coat stolen from on board , although he had lett it in charge of a friend who remained on board . If you do not take a bed with yon , you can buy one is any shop along the dodos , for one person for 3 s . They an covered with a thin cotton tick , and filled wiiheottonflocKB , and a pillow of the same material One for two persons can be bought for-4 s . 6 d .
Since I crossed the Atlantic the New Emigrants Act has come into force , which compels the Captain to supply « Tery passenger , daily , with one pound < & bread or bread stuffs ; that is , one pound of solid food every day ; but I bave lieaid that it is oftea of very eoszss » T » fl olherttias inferior goslily ; and It is supplied wittcct anv regard to the disordered and sickly atemacts gf ipersbns on their first voyage , who fragueij £ ) y &aa it j » ffii-n ^ fc to eat any daeripQori of food , even of the most delicate kind . I would therefore recommend that lor every adult the loliowing-. be taken : — 51 our , 4 lba . Oatmeal , 6 Ibs ^ partacularly for gruel , which can be taken when sotbing else can , and when sweetened with a little sugar is excellent . Bice , 61 bs . fceshwheaten bread , 6 lbs . Thb to be got Just before
going oa board . Double baked bread , filbs . This is done in the following TBpmpf . Cat a loaf into slices , of about an Inch in thickness . and put them into the oven , or toast tbemweB before the fire , and tbey irflllceep aa well aa M * W > calt , and aremochmore agreeable boih to tbfrtast © aad stomach ; when put into tea , or other liquid , it becomes as soft , and tastes as welt as if only done flffidayiefore . O& , or haver cake , Slbs . 03 iis is for persons who have been in the habit of ssingit , andltmnrtbe well ^ ried- Tbe Irish , Scotch , and others , who use what they call oateaie , take it in the same manner as they * » 3 S , always giving 3 * » mueb baieing as it can besx . If It is softit is sure io mould at sea .
, Treade cats , connoonly called " parkin , - € lbs . This ii made of oatmeal and treacle , with a few caraway seeds , aadperliapB a fittle ginger . It keeps well and is pleasant to tbe taste , and excellent for the bowels , bang both medicine and food . Biscuits , two « 3 xba , Of the bestkind , or what *» eaBed Abemeay . rf . Potatoes , 301 b * . Those can bs ]^) blBJned most fresh ***^ eop from tae bo » t » which are alwayB to oe found ^ aick adjoming as Giarencs dock . Provide a b 3 g *• &sse before lfeAVing home . ^ 3 aa &bs-, pickied bef or perk 4 lbi ; huig be « f , *« a-i i 3 £ ta jed herrings , Slba . ; batter , 2 ibs . ; cheese ,
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Slba , ; beef suet , Slbs . This should have the skins taken out , and put into a jar with B little flour , and kept covered . Lard , 2 Ibs >; eggs , two dosen , nibbed with butter and packed in salt ; white boiling peas , Slbs . or 31 ba ; susar , 3 U > b . ; treacle , 41 bs . ; raisins , lib . ; currants , lib . ; coffee , J ib . ; tea , | lh . j finger , 2 ot ; pepper . Sot ; oranges , one desen ; lemoia , balf-a-do « en ; apples , one dozen ; onions , Slba . ; vinegar , on * bottle ; porter , one or twodoen ; aboxor two cf opening pills ; two doten of powders ; a botUe of castor oil ; a bottle of peppermint ; a little salts andaeima ; Peruvian bark , & quarter of an ounce ; a little mercurial ointment ; soap , Slbs . ; candles , lib . ; a ton lanthom , as the candle must be kept enclosed when lighted to prevent accidents by fire ; -whicli i « very proper . ; ] . A few lucifer matches , which must be veil secured from-airand damp , or they wQl soon become useless at sea . ' A lash and small tooth-comb .
Let the wife take her best china with her , as it will be worth double , when landed , to what it is here . : < A number of the articles above enumerated may seem unnecessary . Some of my fallow passengers told me , before we got across , that they considered I wished them to waste their money on trifles at Liverpool . Their minds had , however , changed , and they -were very thankful for my advice ; and not one in a thousand will refuse me the Baine , however light they may ' treat the matter when on shore . \
. Arrange bo as to have as little cooking as possible , the accommodation being exceedingly bad , and the passenger is often ill-fitted to do any cooking , espe cially vriieB the weather 1 b rough ; indeed many cannot attend to it at alL It ought to be observed that the only place for second cabin and steerage passengers to cook is at a large grate placed upon the deck of the ship , and generally you have a considerable distance to walk or scramble to it , often on a wet slippery deck , with the vessel heaving and laid much on one side , so ss to xeuder It dangerous to go along without anything ; then imagine how much xnore so it will be when carrying a boiling kettle , or other utensil ; lull of cooked victuals : and very frequently s » many * are waiting lor their turn ; and being really , or imagining themselves wronged , brawls and fights often ensne . I have ] seen the most deadly weapons used , and . serious injury done in those casts . !
Ship ' s cooks are sometimes allowed to cook for passengers ; when itis so , the charge is from 12 s . to 18 s . for -each individual . "Whatever engagement is made in this case bike care not to pay till near landing . 1 The open grates for cooking ate always fixed near the bows of the ship , and very often : breakers swell over and drench the whole of the cooks , and sometimes " spoil the broth . " j Ham , meal , fiour , sugar , tea , and such thingB as are not convenient tobe prepared at home , may be procured in Liverpool , as well as any where , by looking round and finding the proper places ; and thus ibe carriage and trouble will be saved . Flour , oatmeal , bread , and biscuits , of the best quality , are kept at a warehouse in the first turning to the right after passing through
Cleaveland-Equare , from the Poat-of&ce , This is the beet place in Liverpool . There you ' can also obtain American flour barrels at sevenpence or eightpence each , and with a small lock , which may be purchased lor sixpence , wDl be fonnd the cheapest and best way to put up your provisions . ! - Uext comes the necessary implements for cooking ¦ with , vessels foe water , * c You will ascertain -when you take your fare what is the daily allowance of water : and yon must provide a vessel , or vessels , to contain that quantity for each person ; also a tin wash-hand basis , a < jnart tin boUer , a On plate m two , two pint fin cans , teapot , and covered chamber pot . See that those are "well made , and strong . Wbat are generally
bought in Liverpool are of the wont material and stuck together in the most temporary manner . jThey are like Pindert razors , made to sell ; but when put to use they go to pieces ; the handles sot unfrequeutly coming off while emptying them into the sea , when they aink to rise no more , whereby great inconveniences arise . It is therefore necessary to have them of good material and well made . A respectable man who would keep a good article and might be relied on , would succeed well in Liverpool , as a tinner . Yon will require sn ironjpanj tinned within , and likewise a fry . ing pan ; you eught also to take two or three pint basons and Jogs . Mncb crockery is apt to be broken by the heaving of the ship . Take also a knife and fork , and a table and tea spoon or two . j
Where a few are going out together they can have five pounds of tea , the same quantity cf coffee , and fifty-nix pounds of sugar , duty free , or At half the : usual price , whieh is ef some consequence . PivB ^ U of brandy can be purchased for three shOHUgs aid sixpence or three shillings and nine-pence per gallon ; a little of which is very , useful in sea sickness . i Every one onght to have a few changes of linen , and a few coarse towels ; and females onght to fee furnished with drawers , as they sometimes sleep in upper berths , and might be otherwise . exposed . Clothing to be wom on board ought to be clean , bat unfit for- wear any where else , as no place can be more destructive to good clothes . 1
. The person , the clothing , the dishes , the floor , the bersi _ B , and « very corner and crevice ought to be kepi perfectly clean . Nothing- is more essential to health and comfort than pure air ; and should vermin of aay kind be discovered on man , woman , or child , mercurial ointment ought to be instantly applied for their extermination ; and should the itch be discovered on board , prompt means must be taken to prevent its spread . Every male ought to furnish himself frith a cap , as a hat 1 b -very inconvenient at sea , and apt to be blown off . ?
The deas appearance acd healthy eonalQoB of the passengers on their arrival in port is of great oonseqoencea for if $ t » ey appear filthy and are diseased , they are detained njggtall is clean and healthy , or aeoording tolawIorfpBj ^ n days ; while , if they are demand healthy , tiiflftfehH ^ ed immediately , which . isa . gwaA relief . ~ " v > * [ ¦ -. It often happens that fares are lower to St Job » "a , NewBran . swicK ; 8 t John " * , Newfoundland ; Qaebw , and Montreal ; tmt unless thepasscnger intends to settle in the Brttlsh possessions , or in the vicinity of those r parts , theexpence of travelling by the cheapest and I best route ' to the Yax West , is often greater than the ; difference to New York . The ships which are sent to 1 those ports Hehsg generally engaged io take home timber are often veryilow , and not unfrequently crazy old hulks ; and to the St . Lawrence , in particular , the passage is more dangerous . .
To New Orleans is a longer passage , but it is often made , by ths aid of trade winds , in about a wsek mote than to If ew York . Emigrants bound for Lonisania , Arkansas , Georgia , Albania , Missonria , Iowa , or the Western part of Tenessee , and the Southern and . Western parts of IUxdoIb and Wisconsin , may find this the cheapest , and , perhaps , the most pleasant way , as luggage is taken off the ship and carried on s boat to the steamer at New Orleans ; with the passengers , and proceeds up the river to the nearest point of their destination ; and the fare for 1 , 500 miles , or more , in the steerage fsrithont board ) is only about five dollar * , or one pound . 'When s number of mariners haTe joined tnfl chartered s ship , I am informed that they have been taken from Liverpool to the city of Nanvoo , thscity of the prophet . Joe Smith , about 1600 miles up
the Mississippi , far fifteen shillings each , which appears scarcely credible . Sometimes two pounds-has been saved by taking this route . However , no one can be safe to land in those swamps , crowded with snakes and crocodiles , and the climate being excessively hot , before the end cf October . Should their means be limited , there is almost a certainty that employment for mechanics , artizins , and labourers can be obtained here , during the winter months , at Mgh wages ; and provisions being low , they will be able to recruit their resources , and ba prepared to move northward in the spring , and before the hot weather sets in , and thus keep moving towards a colder climate . At this time the best vessels begin to ply ,-stole the fares are generally reduced in conseqneoc © of the opposition , which is always the greatest at this season .
On landing , the Emigrant feels himself at a loss in what manner to proceed against the captain , the owners , or agents for the redress of any wrong that may have been done him on the passage ; and this difficulty is aggravated by the rule of the agents at Liverpool taking the receipts and terms of agreement from the passengers after getting out of the dock , which leaves them without any written evidence to show upon what teras they ( the agents ) bind themselves to convey the passengers across . It is therefore ^ anential to the ends of justice that the nefarious practise of ^ Uspossesdng the emigrants , after being on board , of their papers must be stayed . I I wilLhere give a copy of a receipt which was in the possession of a gentleman , named therein , ont board the ship South America , on Mb return to England , in order to show the nature of the receipt and iAbo to show that the shippers at the port of London from whence £ e sailed , have not resorted to this trick ::
—1 CDPT . ) London and New York Packet Offioe , *• St . Catherine's Dock , " August 6 , 16 * 2 . * ' Captain Hibbert , of the ship Quebec , will please ¦ fnmicri Mr . Tbos . Hitchcock with one berth , fuel , and water in the steerage for the present voyage . } fill luggage at the risk of Its owners , aad no money returned . . - ; "Berth , No . " Symed , "L . TEXB 0 H . " " Phillips and Tiplady , sworn Brokers , ¦ 3 , Gaorge-yard Lombard-street London /'
The above ought to have spednedfthe daily quantity of water to b * applied ; and to this every passenger oneht to pay particular attention , as it is often reduced to bo small a quantity as to csnse great privations and eomeiaiBes disease . The berth oaght alao to be numbered , and the receipt fined up witb the number , Tb . % broker ' s signature is a guarantee for the fulfilment of the contract The pasBenger ought to see that the terms are properly specified upon the paper before payment of the fare is made ; and when they have received it , it is , u before observed , as much their property as the money is the property of those to whom it has been paid ; and 1 hope that no one will deliver it tact , bnt retaiH it as their written agreemen »; and snootd the termB not be fulfilled , it will be Tecrtved »* evidence , should h feeioand necessary to apply for redress of a » y grieYnr&s before the magistra' -cs at the port where they iaay land .
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It will be found difficult to prooare cheap and good lodgings . I wpnld therefore suggest , by way of remedy , that an association be formed for the protection of emigrants , having an agent appointed at the various ports who ah « uld bejunder their controul , and that publication be made in this country that to such agent emigrants must apply ! for instructions in all things neeessary on landing ; and should the agent so appointed neglect his duty , or betray his trust , let it be also published and another appointed . The mode of remuneration to be decided ; by the association . Of course the power of the association would depend upon the degree of confidence which the public reposed in the -members . i
Could this object be effected , the swindling which wonld be prevented ; and the beBeflta resulting therefrom would be incalculable . The emigrants would then step on shore in confidence , as if to meet a friend ; now they are surrounded before they get from on board by crowds of land sharks , ready to devour one another in order that they may . uninterruptedly prey upon their victims . To prove which , I here give the following letters from two of the most reputable conveyance agents in the City of ^ New York , and one from Mr . Rewcastle , of 17 , Front-street , in the same city , who keeps a boarding-house , and has therefore constantly before his eyes the conduct of the plundering crews : —
No . 1 . New York , September 30 , 1842 . Mb . Pitkethly , Sib ., —I take great pleasure in complying -with your request to giv » you my views on Ibe subject of " Passage ; Hunners , " and assure you of my hearty co-operation in anything which will tend to break up and destroy the gang who infest our city to prey upon the poor unwary emigrant . Tha surest way , in my opinion , fer the emigrant to avoid imposition is to pay his passage at Liverpool ; for instance , for Buffalo , if that is his destination ; fnlring care to pay none bat responsible men . The consequence is , on hist arrival here , the Runners ascertain that the passage is paid , and give themselves , or him , no further trouble ; On the contrary , his neighbour , who paid only to New York , is pulled and hauled about , perhaps robbed ; at any rate , made to pay much more than the regular fare .
Those Runners make from two dollars to six dollars per head on the passengers , besides charging them enormous prices for centage , &c , && We carry the passengers to Buffalo for two dollars fifty cents -each The Runners charge them six dollars , sometimes more . They pay as oar price , and pocket the difference . t Agents should be appointed at London and Liverpool to state these faGts , and be authorized to collect the passage money , j which would save emigrants thousands of pounds in the course of the year ; or if that cannot conveniently be done , ascertain the name of the most responsible liner , and let the emigrant , when he arrives here , go to the office himself and make a karg&in .
Volumes might be written on this subject ; and innumerable cases of fraud and imposition cited , had I time ; and take my word for it , the evil can only be corrected by pursuing some such course in the old country * b I have suggested . Yery respectfully , yonrs , tic , Thomas P . Waters . Commercial Transportation Co . by Steam on the Lakes and Rivers . T . P . Waters and E . F . Norton , agents , 23 , Water-street , corner of Broad-street , New York . J . I . Carter and Co ., proprietors , Albany .
ASSISTS AND KEFEREJiCES . J . I . Carter and Co ., Albany , H . H . Treat , Buffalo , G . A . French , Dunkirk , Chard , White , and Co ., Cleveland , O ., J . Rowe and Co ., Portsmouth , O ., ' J . Fleeharty and Co ., Huron , O ., Peckham and Co ., Toledo , O ., M . Wilson , Detroit , Mich ., Bristol and Porter , Chicago , 111 ., Sleight and Gould , Mich . City , la . Mark Goods Care C . T . Co ., ' and ship by Scbuyler ' s Line , Pier No . 3 , near the foot of Broad-street , daily , at five , p . m . "
Commercial Transportation Co . ' s General Passage Of&es . Three Boats leave Albany daily . Passengers forwarded , without delay , to USca , Cleveland , O ., Rochester , Detroit , Mich ., Lockport , Chicago , I 1 L , Buffalo , Toronto , U . C Oswego , Pittsburgh , And all p » rte of tie Western Country . Waters andNbiton , agents , 23 , Water , Corner Broadstreet , New York . " ' ¦ No . 2 . New York , Sept SO , 1842 .
MK . PITKKTHLT , SiK , —In the few words I had with you this morning ., relative to the impositions practised on emigrants that arrive at this port from foreign countries , by a gang of known thieves , pickpockets , gamblera , and the lowest ilass of mankind called runners , I pro . mfsed yon an account » f a trick played on a pusengei who paid his' Tare rn this office , t » go by the line I represent in this city—the Rail-road Express Line , The facts are-aimply these : —The man got his receipt in the morning ; and before evening , some of the runners had persuaded him that there was no sueh line ,. and
that he must have another receipt from ihem , as theirs was the trne ofice . Well , he thought to make sure of a passage ? ' so bought the second ticket by a eanal line as he supposed ; and in doing so they robbed him » f the ticket be had from me . ; and I saw him at Albany , next morning , required ta " see his receipt , in order to give b 4 m rail-road ticket *; when to my surprise , and his cost , he told me the , 'runners had taken it from him . This is only a single case out of thousands ; and this roan wa * one of the migrating Yankees from one of the Battern States .
I am iappy to contribute anything tbat may bave s tendency to put down the evil and fraud practised on straBgers by the runners , as 1 have reputation In commou with the agents of the different forwarding lines in this city . I am most gbd to we the , good work so vigorously commenced by yourself . As for the passage prices , they havo been as follows , through the greater part of this season ;—One dollar from Albany to Buffalo , for each passenger ; this low price is in consequence of opposition ; the regular fare is one cent , pet mile , on tha canal , and no board , or two cents , per mile ; with board ; though many are taken for one and a half cents- per mile , board included ; and I wilt carry all I can get at this low rate , this season , and there ore other good lines that do the same thing . CANAL TRICES FROM A 1 BAST .
Bates of . Passage as they are . To Buffalo , 1 dollar 00 cents . Luggage , 90 lbs . To Rochester , 75 do . Do . 70 de . To less distance , 75 do . Do . 70 do . The above you -will readily see are prices by which every line must lose money by , for they pay on each passenger to tbe State 33 cents , as a duty cr tolL M Rales as they should hi , T » -Buffilo , 3 dollars 50 cents . Luggage , 75 cents . To Rochester , 2 do . 50 do . Do . 60 do . To Syracuse , 2 do . 00 do . Da . 50 do . This is the fab ? living price , and in no instance have I taken more from any passenger , either this or any preceding season . :
Now I will give yon the prices and route of the line I represent , and the advantages over the canal lines ; from New York to Albany , by regular passage steamboats ; from Albany to Schenectada , by rail-road ; from Schenectada to Syracuse , by light freight packet ; from Syracuse to Rochester , by rail-road ; again from thence to Buffalo , by railroad or canal , as the party going may chose . You see at s glance tbat I get mj passengers to Rochester in three days ; this being in leas time than they generally get to Schenectada ; and tbe reason is , they go in tow-boats from New York to Albany , and from Albany to Schenectada , round a distance of twenty-nine milts , with ' twenty-nine locks to pass the greatest somber on any part of the canal . This is no fiction , as you know , having travelled the road yourself . I wm give you a list ef prices , by my line , with the time from each place to the next Time . Cabin . Deck .
boura . doL eta . eta . From New York to Albany , ... 10 1 50 60 From Albany to Sehec rail-rood 1 0 50 From Senenectida to Syracuse canal ... 46 2 50 From Syracuse to Rochester railroad ...- 6 2 00 From Rochester to Buffalo canal 36 1 00 Detention to shift at tbe different — — points , one hour each , ... 4 7 50 650
103 Here you have all I could get on this sheet , which yonr friends may rely on as being the true statement . Respectfully yonrs , John P . Sfeer , Agent Railroad Express Line , via steamboat , railroad , and canal , for Utaca , ; Syracuse , Rochester , and Buffalo , and to all ports in ] Upper Canada , saving six days through , in time , and the cheapest and mostpleasant route , at canal fare . 1 jff Goed Accommodations for passengers , and light freights carried . Apply on board the steamboat Washington , foot of Robinson-street , or to J . P . Bpeer , and Xellogg and Blasson , 100 Broadstreet !
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I number those letters for tbe purpose of reference . No . 1 speaks plainly Jor itself respecting the cormorant * which the emigrant must expect to meet on the other side ; but I confess that a difficulty exists in soy mind with respfct to carrying out the proposition of the writer of paying the fare not only to New York but to the Far West . It certainly would prevent tbe vultures from preying upon ] them at the landing place , but without new arrangement * among the shippers it could not be done ; while the proposition I have before-mentioned of having an accredited agent at tbe port would be much better . The suggestion of having protecting * . ri ¦ " . t ' -c " if i > semx at London , Li » erpool , and other y ^ r ' - * . it -ij j > aeirv to ; asd Jt > tl assured thatincalr *! aNr L *? -. n-js v , « ul-: hfe the result .
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- j - ^ : - '' ' . wJ ^ vStvl *!? *' P « we ^« d hoW the rogues at 2 S £ 53 **? " !?* dOllart « * •*«•!¦ ¦»«*» toBnf&Io ; « ffitSh £$ Uttl * » -tt » w two . sometimes less « frt 4 ^ " f \ nOthing at *»• " ** they hand the S ^ rf »« oelpt which is not worth a fartWag . A Say ! *** " *•* * V Wverpooi act in the same nJ \ ml 4 ^^ « , & W ^*" « t » o «» pWn man hKI 75 that ho
pe parwcuiarl ^ noticed , asthe charge Is exerbitant for »! f Jh * 88 ag 9 when the fare is so low j the emigrant Pt ? ^^" his u SSm ot every kind , before « l ^ % and ^ e U mow < l « l in Ws fare , or he may find his fare doubled , or perhaps trebled . This would not be excessive for so great a distance , but it is the dutyof ewry one to go for as little as possible . See w-TrV ^ fa !; * * traveI by water or by railway . iiiS . *? v * f lu « Wt " - - | fe- is best to go by boat . lilgnt freight implies passage boat , in contradistinclon to . heavy luggage boats . I felt itjmy duty to look out for information : I obtained much , but consider these two letters sufficient g rides on the passage to the intermediate towns and to Buffalo , ¦ wbichjis the great line by whichnineteen-fcwentieths of the enAi grants travel to the west .
From Buffalo to Mllkwalkey , Rxcine , Sonthport , or Chicago , the fare by the beBt Bteamers b , tor the cabin , with provisions , fifteen dollars in the steerage , without provisions / eight dollars . Provisions can be taken on board at starting , and can be bought very low at most of the w » odlng stations . Fares to any of the ports between ) Buffalo and the places just named are charge * according to the distance . Fares may ; be taken fr « m Boston , or New York , direct to Chicago , or any of the porta on the lakes west of Buffalo ; bnt it is necessary to know that the steamers from Buffalo go the extreme distance' of 1 . 0 S 0 miles in four and half ( days ; as some of thpse by which they would be probably forwarded en the lakes might occupy doable that time or more . The time , aad tha expenoe of provisions muBt therefore be taken into account
My kind friend . Mr . James Speucer , of Buffalo , would be glad to furnish all with the best information , and also with good bread and groceries , at his baking and grocery store , in Lloyd-street , Buffalo ; and he would enable the emigrant to avoid the land sharks which have commenced their knavery there as at New York . r ; The following statement is from Mr . John Rewcastle , formerly of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , who for a number of years has kept the Boarding House , No . 17 , Frontstreet , New York : — :
After leaving Liverpool in disgust , from the manifold impositions of their own countrymen , expecting better treatment where man's equality bj acknowledged as the ground of their institutions , Emigrants find themselves woefully , mistaken immediately on their arrival in America ; bnt ! men of prudence and proper caution might easily avoid the manifold snares set to entrap them . As a duty to my fellow men , I describe those that beset them in New York . First , between the months of April and October , all vesBels bringing passengers from any foreign port atop to ride quarantine at a place called Staton Island , situated about seven miles below New York , and between which places a regular hourly : communication is kept up , by steamboats , charging one York shilling , ( about an English
sixpence each ) where sometimes a few of the passengers are allowed to go on shore for the purpose of procuring fresh provisions , Ace They will generally find at this place a ; host of individuals ready to accost them ; some , are pretended agents for the lines of boats proceeding to the Western States , but with which they have no connection , but are a portion of a set of men banded together like a crew of pirates , to rob every man who is [ unfortunate enough to listen to their tales about the respectability of their lines , tec , ice-Tbe day after , or perhaps two days j or more , according to tbe health of the passengers or cleanliness of the ship and inmates , they are with their baggage transferred to a lighter or schooner , their baggage examined on a block * by the Custom House officers , and then set sail for New { York . The captain fdf these schooners
are generally jtfn fact always ) bought by these omcekeepera to laud them at a place convenient to their office , and use all his influence on board on their way from quarantine to induce them to take their tickets for Buffalo , Pittsburgh , or any of the Western States ; and from his apparent candour and impartiality the people seldom suspect him to be interested , although the writer has known many of them to receive the sum of thirty dollars for one boat load . Then they are thus imposed on by paying five or six dollars to Buffalo in tbe tow boaU « f from York , in the most miserable manner , on tne canal boats from Albany , while the actual fare front New York to Buffalo has not exceeded two dollars tbe whole season . The sum ! may appear small for the distance , but it is more than the amount generally paid by the runnera or pretended agents . If they take passengers at all , which they -frequently do not ,
and the sufferers are told by the captain of tbe canal boats , their pickets are of no use , they know nothing of the signing parties ; and of course the fare must be re-paid . It is also a common practice to bribe one of the emigrant * themselves to take the patties to some boarding houBe , and from there to one of the offices in question . The only way to avoid the villains is to look out for the cheapest steamer or tow boat to Albany , and when there to take the best and cheapest canal boat they can find to any part between Albany and Buffalo , finding their own provisions . Another great evil and fraud is with some of the boarding houses using similar means to obtain customers ; and telling them they will board them at one price , and then charging double the amount stipulated for . The stranger has no means ! of escape without a tedious civil auit for the recovery of bis baggage , which they will hold till the amount is paid .
{ JOHN RtWCASTLE . Mr . Rswesjitte recommends that passengers should look ont for jtbe cheapest steam boat to Albany ; bnt acting on that advice exposes every one to the snares of the plunderers—they not knowing where to apply and who to believe . I am convinced more and more ^ of the necessity of a responsible agent , as before mentioned , and could wish that aoma means could be adopted in erder that this desideratum might be supplied . ' CTobe continued . J
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY OUR ADVANCED , AND ADVANCING POSITION .
TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Fellow Labourers—If we have gathered together the scattered forces of democracy—the Paineitea , Huntites , Cobbettites , the Radicals of every shade , —and concentrated the heterogenua mass into one great homogeneous body under the title of Chartists , i . e ., adherents to , and advocates of , the document entitled the People ' s Charter ; in jdoing this we have well begun the work for political equality ; and the labour of five years , with all its trialsj . troubles , and expense , hath been well spent in raiting the legion of liberty , whose onward march mast ultimately destroy the Hydra of corruption with its army of oppression . Yet it mast be borne in mind the work is bat begun ! We have gained a position in the political world ; we have te defend that position , maintain it , and advance it t As O'Connor boa often said ; " We cannot retreat , we must vo forward . "
Brothers , the labour thickens before us ! the wilderness has to be cleared ! Srery dayjbrings with it increased demands for our exertions . Every calamity brings with it new imposts , increased claims on our sympathy and scanty means . , When we started our Working Men's Associations , we had little ^ else to do than devise means for publishing our principles and increasing Our ranks . Still even then did several of our members think with myself , that a Benefit Society ; was necessary to provide against tbe poverty tbat might accrue to some of us from the advocacy of those principle * . Tha aukject wits mooted in more than one Society , but the majority of onr members' were too much absorbed in political questions at attend to this must important one of "providing for the body . " Their language seemed to be " provide not for the morrow " : but surely the poverty and troubles that ' have overtaken our Association , and the
toiling class generally , hath taught us that we should haye made such previsions in 1839 .: Again the question ; with a plan , vw submitted to the members of one township : but their minds were so much occupied with the subject of self-defence against the proclamation ' attacks , and Jothet expected ! attacks , of the Reform Government , that it was impossible to calmly consider the belter toork . ! Since theu , we have been so thoroughly occupitd with the numerous trials and viotlnia , as to be unable to devote any time to any ] other subject than those immediately connected therewith . But now ., that we are emerging from the second , ioiusade against our party and fellow slaves , we can calmly look back upon the scene through which we bave pawed , and , recount-Ing our toil , trials , and troubles , oar sacrifices and costs , see what it is , that , " we have left undone that we should have done ; " ) and what it Is " we , have d . ma that we should have left undone "; and instead of repining for the errors ofithe pas < , look upon them as landmarks for the future . \ V
Who tbat will enter into tbe consideration of the snbjaot , hut will perceive wbat a powerful helpmate in every stage j of onr past progKBH , a Benefit Society would have ! been ; 3 Bd tbat it is therefore one of the things that we " should have oVira . hut which we bave left undone : " and teeing thatnit is so , tat re is aoue too 1
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much time to spare before we commence this necessary assistant of Chartism . With a National Benefit Society , let us calculate what would be the advantages to bo gained in its first stage of about one year ' s duration , —the time I propose each member shall subscribe' before he ia entitled to relief . To put the thing at the lowest , for the sake of safe argument , we will suppose that we get ten towns with one hundred and twenty-five members , at twopence each per week . That will bring in twenty shillings and tenpence per week for each town ; or £ 54 3 s . 4 d . per year ; being for the ten towns the eum ot £ 541 13 s . id . per year . Could we not take a farm and stock it with this sum ? and put several members on it to work it up to the highest state of cultivation
the land would bear ; And | conld we not get twenty or thirty of the small towns ] and villages to makeup another £ 541 13 s . 4 d . per year among them , which would make the Bam of £ 1083 6 s . 8 d . Theu we couid take a larger farm , and stock ] it with this sum . Aye . we could purchase a small estate , as the Socialists have done ; paying £ 500 towards ( the purchase money , and the remainder by annnal instalments ; and we could purchase stock with the remaining £ & 83 6 s . 8 d . But would not some of our large towns an ] d cities produce more than one hundred and twenty-five members to such a societv ? Would not five hundred" or one thousand be nearer the complement ? One town with five hundred members would produce £ 218 13 s . 4 di Who will say that this would not be a good round sum to commence operations on the land with ? and what art ' zan or labourer in
employ , when ho contemplates what great good may be done by the aggregate of those Twopences ; what provision msy be thus effected against a " rainy day" / or himself or family ; but will ] readily stint himself of Twopence weekly to procure it ?!! Let us put the chief sums I have set down together , and ponder over their total : — | From twenty or thirty small towns and villages . .. ! ........ £ 548 13 4 From ten large towns of 125 members each J , 541 13 4 From ten citios and large towns of 500 members each ........ ' .. „ 2166 13 4
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Annual Total ....... £ 3250 0 0 Now , brother Chartists ! jwould not this be a grand sum to place in the hands of Feargus O . Connor , and T . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., anil Sharman Crawford , Esq M . P ., wherewith to purchase land for us , as our stewards ? Who wonld THEN dare to call us " beggarly Chartists' * , or ?• jack etTciws" , or ' tagrag" , or any other of the refined terms from tbe college vocabulary of the sprigs of wealth that are new so freely lavished upon us ?| Above all , consider how man ; of our starving members we could employ by the judicious management of this sum on the land , or other
raw material ! If we see clearly that so great a sum , or half of it , could be raised j by our stinted pence , is it not worth a struggle to accomplish the task ? Once raised it would make bappjy homes for many of our brethren ; sod , by their labour be annually increased to a considerable amount ; and jwhen we had succeeded in getting the chief part of our brother worfeies who are in employ into such & society , we should be able to employ all our members that from time to time might come upon the funds , besides drawing off a great quantity of the present unemployed that throng the labour market , and depredate the ] price and value of all labour .
JLi Is our duty to start such a society for tha purpose of giving employ to the hundreds oi our brother Chartists who have been thrown upon the wide world to starve by prejudiced employers for their adherence and advocacy of the cause of Chartism . Shall we continne to injure onr caase by oar neglect of tee army cf Chartist martyrs f j ; It behoves us as Christians , patriots , and philanthropist * , to establish such a society for tbe purpose of opening a field wherein to give employment and a comfortable home to the thousands of our fellow countrymen who are now perishing in wretched hovels , garrets , cellars , and in our Btreets . j We must do this , seeing that we have tbe power , or be content to wear the badge and bear tbe title of hypocrites .
We are bound as mortals , by all the better feeling of our nature , to start such a society , fox the purpose of providing an asylum for the law-made widows and fatherless children of our camp ; tbe widows , wives , and orphans of those noble , virtuous , and brave soldiers who have offered up their liberties and lives upon tbe altar of liberty for their Charter and our country's sake . Yes , my fellows , the necessities of the times appeal to all oux natural and national virtues ; to all that is good within us ; to awaken our mightiest energies , and seek by a union of all the power of our command to remove the cup of bitterness , which avarice , tyranny , aud oppression 1 b now making our order drink to the very dregs I I
The Land it is evident is the only means of escape from the dire scourge that now hangs as a noisome pestilence over our once bappy country . The Golden Plague , the Ikon Plague , the Fire Plague , hath overtaken us in the world jof trade I—the Plague of FACTION hath filled the Senate honse , the judgment-Seat , and the justice-hall ; Jfrom this combination of Plaques , nature ' s broad fields is the only help ! . ' I The men of the New World cry out " the / fre machine * are fast overwhelming you ; go to the , land" ! We , of the Old World reply " the Ore machines hare overwhelmed us ; we want { the land . " Oar untiring friend , O Connor , saith " ti ^ e Land is the remedy , " and shevra you " how to get the land ; " aud your humble fellow labourer bath , in these letters , sought , by bis poor scope of language , to point out " the road Xo the land , " and to rouse your energies to commence the journey !
Tao Socialists , many of them , have gotten on tbe land ; a body of men much smaller than tbe CbartietB , and not a tittle richer ; and what is to prevent a large and important body , such as we ore , from getting land . ' Surely , nothing but perversne&s ; and surely we shall not be perverse !! What ! shall the Socialists be " tANDED Squires" and we be " Landless K . N 1 GUTS . " ( mites )! 1 Common sense forbid it ! Shade of Cohbett ! scare us from such foolishness t Hunt , arise and teach us how to live ! and until we have thus learned , may hope support j Your anxious brother , ] Gracchus .
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HOME COLONIZATION . LETIEB XIX . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . SIR—The subject of my letter for this week is an important one . " The abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies "; but it most give way a little whilst I refer to what is of still greater moment at the present crisis , and which occupies the chief portion of your paper of to-day , namely , a sound Organization of the people . I have already written so fully respecting this subject , that I should not make any remarks on it at present , but for the comments of Mr . Macpherson , of Aberdeen , which indicate that I have failed ta make myself clearly understood by him , I fear this may have been the case with many others .
Mr . M . says , " That no extensive support can be got to any scheme which is n » t under the effective control of tha immediate supporters ; or in other words , that the expensive machinery necessary for conducting a centralizsi national movement will not be supported , and more especially if such centralizjd machinery be placed under the direction of an irresponsible head . " In this sentence there are two important misconceptions of my meaning . First—That I wish to remove the effective control of the movement , from its immediate suppcrters . | Second . —That the President , by being placsd at the head , would be irresponsible . '
With regard to the first . | Whenever a Bonnd Organization shall be formed on | truly correct prlnciplea , in which the leading patties shall be actuated solely by the desire to promote tbe universal good , and these leaders shall have gained the experience which enables men to distinguish between theory and practice , talk and action ; when they shall have hod jtheir beings elevated to an eqaality with their desires and hopes for their fellowmen , then will they soon be enabled to Jay before the public such plans as shall , by their general benefit , and easy practicability , attract the confidence and early support of all . {
It is of such an association only tbat I have written ; and whenever the people [ shall be sufficiently alive to the union of the selfish with the universal interest of man , they will not fail immediately to seek tha latter , as they will find that it is much easier to obtain the universal than any fragmentary portion . This however , can only be sought after in ] proportion as men ' s minds can be elevated from the low and depressed condition in which all have hitherto jbeen placed ; and although at present an Organization different from that Which I may most Strongly desire may be adopted , io one can rejoice more than I do at the progress we are ail making towards the right end . j
It will be remembered that I placed the selection « r election of the president , treasurer , and auditors , locally and generally , in the hands of the members ; and proposed that they should bejat all times free to change any or all of these officers whenever their conduct appear to require it j With respect to the president of such a Bociety being irresponsible ; when the subject shall be viewed practically , nothing will be found to be more erroneous . Tha responsibility that will be fixed ' upon him will be that of carrjinj f out theprirjciples on which the association shaU be formed . It is true that up to this period in numberless Instancesleaders
, have been found inadequate to the position they have sought . Many have When ' power boa been centered In them , forgotten the objects for which they have associated . But these things cannot be productive of much evil if the main body are intelligent It is far bettb to allow the p 53 faculties of any man whof becomes sufficiently consnt ban that he ^ faoald ba thwarted and counteracted bl those around him ; or that heBhaU be allowed , In case of failure to throw off his « lpoU 5 ibility upon bC ? »* An ^ ghtened peopte . i and none others will Ja
auon ogeetaui propose ,- ^)! won diseern whether their affairs w befag right y conducted ; they will gTve confidence fully and gene ously whilst it is necessary they will not think of lapsing or frustrating the views
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of the president for- tbe purpose of exhibiting their own self-importance ; they will try by every suggestive and . other mode they can adopt to support and strengthen him for the attainment of their mutual object : ' 'but if these things fail , they will then in a spirit of kindness and love tell him that he la inadequate to his task , und must give way to some one who is better qualified fox the position . The timehas passed when even in the irrational manner in which the aff lira of men are cow conducted , any person can long retain a leadership for which he ib unqualified . Public opinion is now too far advanced for an evasive policy to serve any cause . Men love the truth ; and if it can be proved to be consistent with their self-interest it will soon be supported and made triumphant Let the Association then be based on the three great truths : —
1—That the character of man Is improved or otherwise by the circumstances by which he is surrounded . 2—That be has not the power to believe or disbelieve at his pleasure . 3—That he must love or hate according ^ to the impressions made upon him . Let tbe object sought be the well-being and happiness of every individual of the human race ; and let sou d practical means to obtain this object be placed before the public afc the present crisis , aud a power shall be immediately evoked that will soon silence oil the personal pretensions bf individuals ' to retain the presidency of tuch an Association unless they are tbe most fitted that can be procured . I find that I am pursuing this subject at greater length . than I intended , for which I offer as an apology
its extreme importance ; but as many opportunities will yet occur for my again reverting to it before the Organization will be formed , and as I am well aware that we had much better take one even Jess complete , if more adapted to the public taste , I shall not press this matter farther , bat leave it by sayiog that I am extremely gratified at seeing the attention it is receiving in your columns , —as I am confident the day is fast approaching when the people must be prepared to adopt the advice * given them by Sir Robert Peel , and " take their affairs into their own hands , " or they will find that the increased powers and inventions which are daily being brought forth and placed ic competitition with them , will render the let of man miserable beyond conception .
To revert then to the fourth point of the Preliminary Charter ,-the abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies . What can be more rational than such a course , and / what more easy of attainment 1 We may see what can be dona by a small body of men , tbe Anti-Corn Law Leage , whose object is to remove one single impost , which impost is the supposed main stay and support of the majority of the members of both Houses of Parliament But for the indifference with which this movement is looked upon by tbe people , and the dislike they have for the promoters of the measure , the Corn Laws could not be held even through the present ; session . What then can ever be long withheld from .
thb united voice of the majestic people , seciting the welfare and happiness of all ranks , classes , sects , and parties , and ready to support that peace and order which will soon be beyond all value , to those poor beings who have hitherto been taught te consider themselves the great ones of tha earth 7 Where is the opposition to come from tbat will be enabled to resist , or that will attempt to- resist , the abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies after a property tax shall have ; been agreed to be substituted ? The measure may appear large and startling at first ; but it will soon be found to be so easy ,- practical , and advantageous , that ell will soon wonder how any other system could ever have been supported .
Look afc the present complicated and enormously expensive manner is which the revenue of this country Li raised . It would really appear aa though every inventive faculty of man bad been brought into requisition to torture and annoy himself and to prevent peace or happiness being found in society . ' Instead of developing the immense resources which are continually being fonnd to exist for promoting tha general happiness , every impediment that can possibly be thought of is thrown in tbe way of producing wealth ; and when production does really take place in spite of every obstacle , then all the power that society can raiso Is brought together to prevent an equitable distribution .
Take , for instance , the great leading articles of consumption in this country . Te 3 , coffee , sugar , spirits , malt , and tobacco , which are all hemmed in by most fearful and terrific imposts ; and the cxpences which axe necessarily incurred to provide for the continuance of these imposts are beyond all estimate fri money value . The most fearful and disorganfr ' ng passions are excited by the attempt made to smuggle and to repress smuggling ; whilst the frauds caused by desiring to evade duties , are sufficient to ruin every individual who boa anything like the moral sense of desiring to act in accordance with that which he is obliged to declare it is honourable to perform .
T&e delinquencies which are daily being brought to light of tbe manner in -which some frauds axe committed beat no proportion whatever to those which still avoid detection . Could the people once be fairly roused to a sense of tbe manner in which many who are Called honourable men are obliged to act to retain their positions , they would soon take care these things should no . longer be . By the abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies , an immense number of persons who ore nnprodnctively employed , and are consequently living by the exertions of others , would ba enabled to give their attention to the producing of those things necessary for the general good ; and your readers will have to remember that in the system I am treating of there will be plenty of
labour to perform . We shall have all the lands not enly in this country , but in due and progressive order , of all the habitable globe , to survey , mop-out , and cultivate to the very highest point which tbe daily increasing intelligence of the science of agriculture will permit ; —we shall have to well drain those lauds , and to direct the Water courses from the source of each river , tbrougb tbe whole of its extent , in such a manner that it shall irrigate , fertilize , and ornament the land to the highest point of utility and beauty that onr finest minds in this department will be enabled to suggest ;—we shall have have to carry horticulture , botany , and general gardening to the highest point of perfection , tosupplysuperior fruits , flowers , and vegetables in abundance , and to give to every individual those refined tastes which will
assist him in advancing to that superior state of existence which the daily increasing inventions of the age now shew may be easily attained by all , when the being of man shall be cultivated as it ought to be , and would be under rational arrangements . We shall have to find tbe localities of all the various metals , earths , coals aud other requisites for general usa , and the manner in which they can be supplied with the greatest economy of time , labour , and capital , that they may be placed abundantly within the reach of alL We shall have to lay out and make a system of roads best adapted to promote the most rapid and friendly intercourse among all pe . ople ; and we shall have to erect superior dwell ings for all , on the plans best adapted to sait their governing intelligence and taste .
It would be easy and pleasant to go on enumerating many other things that will require our attention when the present rude and irrational manner of performing the affairs of life shall be superseded ! but I see my usual space is filled . There is oue thing however we must never forget , which is , that this business may immediately be commenced if the people will it in
unity . Unity will never be , obtained until the people determine on placing their individual wills into the hands of the person who maybe found ihe most competent to carry forward the movement ; nor until they are themselves sufficiently enlightened by experience to discern when those in whom they may confide shall deviate from the principles on . which tfce'Association shall be formed ; as those alone-wilt render it possible to obtain tho object that is to be sought . We may , however , rejoice and be exceedingly glad at the progress which is now making . Each day , each hour , teems witb events of great importance to the human race ; not a moment should be lost in preparing ourselves for the great and mighty struggle which is to arise > when the individual and selfish nature of man shall give way to his desire to promote the universal good . - I am , Sir , your obedient servant ,
WlLLIABl GA . WPIN . Concordium , Han Common , Surrey , . ; i July 15 , 1843 . . --. . <•
Efflgration.
EfflGRATION .
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* A block is a sort of quay , or pier where the vessel lays to . I Tow-boats are heavy vessels which convey merchandise , and two , three , or four of them are fastened to one steamer of limited power , arid are thus towed up the Hudson river to Albany , their progress being necessarily very alow , occupying more than doable the time of the passenger steamers . Those boats generally go on to Troy toimeet the canal boats .
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was immediately despatchedtoKugbyV ^ h dre vras aBcertaine ^ that the part y 8 ttfipeote < Fh a ^ t * Wa ticket for'Hamptoni and thenoe to B 6 r&y / at which SSTaf *" tdok" *™> i > " * Mm * f « Bagoy again . -ili& 4 ngine , contuwedits coarse , and ^ cam » u > with the tram at LouKhborougn , following it to Leicester . where an examination of the passengers took place , and the lady identified one of them as her late fellow traveller ; whertnpon he wag searched , autfthe whole of the mis 8 i % property was found upon him . The lady conjectures-the robbery-wias effected in Kilsbj tunnel .
it Robbery on a RAiLWAY . r-Itiforoiation was gvrea on Wednesday week at the Leiceilter station . pfaTobbery that had beeji committed uDon alady whist travelling along tire Londori ' and BiVlnioghaia KaUway . The l * dy in < jaestioh wa ^ rStoraing to Leicester , when . she fotmd , upon feeKugffbr * h « ticket , that she had be ^ n robbed of £ iQ ?* ~ &n engine
IsraHos or Panama . —At a late meeting of iha Acadamy of Sciences at Paris , Mi Arago made a communication of the steps that have beea taken towards the great work of cutitng through the isthmus of Panama , which has been so long talked of , / but which many j ^ rsons Haye regarded as ehiaiejri . cal . According to this commnnication , a contract nap been entered into by Messrs . Baring and Co ., of tymp \ With the repnbncjpf New Grenada , in virtue iW ^ ch the re pnWio is io ^ cede to tkew tho line r « - quiied for the projeoted canal , with 80 , 000 aoresof land on t&e two banks , and 40 a , 000 acres in the inte * ttocof tb ^ e , oonntry , Messrs . Baring aird Co . had , ifc is saiq , i % thi first instance , fixed the amount of toll for the navigation , of the canal at the eshorbitant price of 18 f . jper 1 tqn i bnt t ^ ey-have reditced it to 8 f The work , upon which from 4 , 000 to 5 000 Kea are to be engaged , is to be completed in five years .
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11 J THE NORTHERN igTAR-
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 22, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1222/page/7/
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