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ggrtctttttut »g Bortftnttmr,
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WESTERN CIRCUIT.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS , Ffr J **«—** *?* Ap f lm ' - ^^__ . , jVnn » a Dun * Ot Actual Operations on E B * SSjStoeBtai « rfM ^ Daries Gilbert , *" £ * £££ ? £ Sussex ; and on several model ?^ ^ Kta tes of the Earl of Dartmouth at SSSSte &Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , Slaithwaite ^ ^ Huddeisfieldj - m order to ^ Sfl £ * w *»» * ¥ ^^^ sll 0 T ? them hat labours ought to be undertaken on then- own i !™ te The farms selected as models are—First . School ihrnis at Willingdon and Eastdean , of fire acres each conducted by G . Cruttenden and John
, tWb Second . Two private farms , of five or six TZs one tforkcu b * Jesse K ^ ' tue otnei' by Jolui T ) umbrcU—tlie former at Eastdean , the latter at WIn"ion-aB of them within a few miles of Easttannte Third- industrial school farm at Slaita-{ Srtc . ' Fourtli . SeTeral private model fai-ms near the sameplacc . Thcc » nsecutiveoperationsinthesereports mil enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the north of England . The Diaut is aided by "Xotcsaiid Obser-Titlous" from tli * pen of Mr . Xowell , calculated for tie time and season , which we subjoin .
" It is a very pleasant sight to see children engaged in . useful and healthy labour upon a spot of ground which tliev can call their own ; they shall ue kept apart from the rice ana folly of tlie young men of the eity . " JnOte- —W ' s *!' ? farms are cultivated by boys , whs in return for tltrce hours' teaching in tie » u >» iuur , mve tliTM hours of Vttir labour in die afternoon for ~ i ) ic matter ' s benefit , vuldch venders tie schools selfsueporuxc . We believe that at Famty Tyas sixscventht of Hie produce of the school farm will be assigned to tfie boys , andme-savcntli to tlie master , who trill receive tlie usual school fees , help the boys to cultivate their land , and teach diem , in addition to reading , writing , < tc ., to convert their produce into hacon , by attending to pig-Jxeping , tvhich at ChristiMXi may be divided , after paying rent and levy amongst tlicm in proportion to their services , and itmaiettmsindirectl y to reach their parents in a way the most grateful to their feelings . ' ]
SUSSEX . Mosdat— Willingdon School , Boys digging , and planting early potatoes . Eastdean . School . ~ Eight boys in school , rest "working for farmers , digging , and sowing carrot seed , planting and manuring potatoes . Piper . Carrying fine worked manure , for potatoes . J > umbrell . Digging , and carrying dang with the heifer . TnESD . w—WHUngdon School . Same as yesterday Eastdean School . Boys digging for and sowing barley , hoeing peas , and gathering roots and stones . Viper . Preparing ground fer potatoes . Ihimbrdl Digging , hoeing wheat . Wednesday— Willingdon School . Boys sowing clover seed on wheat , and harrowing in . Eastdean School . Boys emptying piggery tank , rolling oats , weeding
wheat , removing refuse . Piper . Planting potatoes Dumbrdl . Digging . Thursday—WiUingdon School . BoysLarwnringwheat , Eostdtan Scliool . Boys digging * planting potatoes , sorting potatoes , and preparing turnip ground . JW . Planting potatoes , Dmbrell , Digging , rolling wheat . Fridat— Vlllingdon School . Boys harrowing wheat . Eastdean School . Boys planting potatoes , sowing barley , weeding wheat , clearing away roots and stones . Piper . Scraping np manure . DumbreU Harrowing wheat . Saturvsx—Willingdon School . Boys digging ground , and manuring for mangel wurzel . Eastdean School Boys cleaning out the piggery , portable pails , school room , and thrashing and cleaning oats . Piper . Planting potatoes . Ifumbrdl . Drifting carrots .
YORKSHIRE . Slaithwaite School . From eight to eleven boys at afternoon labour , breaking clods , gathering stones , and harrowing . John Bamford , preparing turnip ground , spreading ashes thereon , planting potatoes James Bcanford-, drawing manure for potatoes , planting them , preparing ground for , and planting beans and peas . C . Yarlcy , preparing ground for turnips , manuring for and sowing tores , sowing peas and wheat together , and harrowing in ; " weather mildest and richest ever witnessed here . "
COW-IEBDIXG . TfWngt fon Softool . Govfs eating white turnips , wMeh have stood the winter , and clover hay . Fiver ' s . Has begun to cut his rye , keeps it a day before he gives it to the cows , and mixes a handful of hay with it . ihnnbrelFs . Cows stall-fed as hist report .
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS . Mangel Wckzel . —[ Seed sown , from 3 to 5 lbs ., in drills , pera « re . ] Select new seed ; old ivill seldom vegetate . From the middle of April to the middle of May—drill , or dibble three seeds in a hole , three inches deep . Let tlie rows be from twenty to twenty four inches apart , and the plants twelve inches distant , In the row . Manure well . The plant is a great feeder . Let ail Plants hate suitable Food . —[ "Portable manures of great strength in small compass . " ] Chemical analysis informs us that in the wheat plant , among many other inorganic substances , there is one prevailing in the grain , phosphate of lime , " 60 ns ash ;"
another in the straw containing much potash . We must , therefore , let the plant have such things in its food . They arc largely contained in the following artificial mixtures , which have been recommended as top-dressings for wheat . From experiments made with ihemand other substances , it would appear that in general they have been found to answer best ; and the results have evinced a beautiful accordance between chemical theory and actual experience . Where t ]) C phosphate of lime { horn as )/) has been drawn from the soil , and sent away from the farm in fat cattle , Sulk , cheese , < tc , as in certain grazing countries , and where a sufficient restoration of it has not been made by boning , or by applying human faces , or other plant lood , top-dressings , like the following , may be of
No . 1 . —Sulphate of ammonia , gas salt , $ cwt . — l » ne dust , 4 ewt—wood ash charcoal , 5 cwfc . Another . —Nitrate of soda , 1 cwt . —gypsum , 2 cwt . —bone dust , 3 cwt . Another . —Nitrate of potash , salfyetre , 1 cwt . —gypsum , 2 cwt—bone dust , 3 cwt . Mix the ingredients well together after the salts have been reduced to fine powder , and using plenty of mould and ashes . Apply the mixture to one acre of sickly or patched wheat . * No . 2 . —When the land has been moderately sustained with both liquid and solid manure , take h cwt . of rape dost , which apply to one acre of wheat ; when other substances might fail , it may have a special effect .
No . 3 . —When the liquids for a long period may have left the farm-yard and joined tiie river , take 10 bushels of soot and 5 cwt . of salt , mix them well with coal ashes , and apply to one acre . Mem . —A dressing ofaiewewts . of salt may do good , if applied rath the above top-dressings , especially if the cattle have not been well supplied with salt , wherewith to furnish the green pastures previous to the corn crops . This almost universal condiment is not more requisite for men and cattle than for plants . The spray from the sea will keep up , however , a continual supply of it for some distance from the coast . No . 4 . —Die great land medicine for a general dc-H ° c ? tf ™* " ™ - —Take 3 cwt . of guano , beat it into the finest dust , mix and sieveitrepeatedlv along with ten tunes its hulk of fine coal or peat ashes , apply the wise to one acre . Take the dung of domestic fowls and do the same , but in lanrer proportions .
Early sows White Traxirs . — Consider well whether your supply of green food will be sufficient for the months of October and November , and if you have any doubts upon it , ensure that supply by sowing quick grvmnq white turnips early in the spring , to be eaten in tlio fall by your cattle . * Dn . LTOX PiA . YF . AIR OX THE CHEMISTRY OF VEGEtatios . —In the course of the first of . a course of six lectures recently delivered in Manchester ( an extract from which we inserted last week ) , the lecturer treated on a practical question ( intimately connected with the subject of the direction of trees ) , whether njorc ground would be gained by planting trees on an inclined plane , such as a mountain side , than on the horizontal projection or base of that mountain . As
** m falls vertically , more rain could not be procured ftODitlife eaves of a house than fironi the horizontal plane of the roof . So , no more houses could be built on the side of a mountain than on the plane of its projection , notwithstanding the much greater space ; lor the houses must rise perpendicularly to the horifj" 5 " As trees grew the same way , was it not a ^ "MJ to choose sides of hills for forests , on the supposition that u , ore treeg wou ] d grow ^ by presenting a grater surface , though with flie same perpendicular space ? Davy said it was a fallacy , and most other piulosopLers agreed with him . But Corrard justly Pjjspryed , that the question could not be viewed in a atncthj Juatlit niatical light . It would doubtless be quite true if trees grew close together , arid took up no space : but each tree requires a certain quantity 01 grouadfor its own nutrition , and in this space no
" ™« wee would grow . If the question -were-Uan y ? u , je , a tree more on a hill side than on the base m the hill ? the answer would be yes , because you ™» more surface on the hill side ; but this gain was »* so much as was supposed bv planters . The { "arches and the roots of trees were capable of per-SM same chemical functions . Woodward £ K ^' " ituraed U * P side d 0 ^ ??* - S ^* eL . £ siatfl t * " 5 earth , itsroots into the air ; 5 L ?? , * *"" e , the roots became covered with roots and leaves , and the branches became fibrous anapassed into roots . The tuber of a potato proi « f r mw , as ireH as the seed ; the planted ««« 01 an orange or of a fig-tree produces a new wangeoranew % -tree ; anoaamaU twig , pulled off il ? T » anoplaced in the ground , passes into a per-« Ct plant This assumptien of the functions of one organ by another , wassufficient to showtheir intimate analogy . Still it was useful to know the general structure of organs . On cutting across a branch ( as " e showed by a diagram representing a transverse
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section of an elm ) , it was seen to be composed of three parts , the bark , the wood , and the pith , which , on minute inspection , were further divisible . Thus , the outer part of the back was the skin or eprnfennw ; generally Tery much cracked , and varying considerably in texture . In corn plants this skin was made almost wholly of flint ; but , in trees growing in the parched plains of the tropics , it often consists of wax and resin or of India rubber , for the obvious purpose of preventing evaporation of moisture . Next under this epidermis is a cellular tissue , calledi > arenchynw , very obvious in the cork-tree , and familiarly known as cork . Beneath or within this , are the cortical layers of liber or true bark , so called because divisible into leaves like a book . This liber was very important in the circulation of the san . Duhame
hrst showed how it was formed . He cut off some of the liber , and exposed the wood beneath , talcing care to protect the exposed part from the air . He then observed a thick fluid oozing out from the surface of the wood and the edges of the bark , which , after accumulating , became thicker , { and gradually passed into true bark . This fluid was called cambium , and was supposed to come from the sap . Beneath tlie true bark lay the wood , of which the outer was less firm in texture than the inner part , and was tadled the alfciirmjin , to distinguish it from the duramen or true wood beneath . In the centre of the tree or branch , comes the pith , which Knight had proved might be altogether removed from a young plant without retarding its growth . Its least questionable function was , that it was a reservoir of moisture , which it
yields to the plant when required . The general anatomy of a branch , trunk , or root , therefore was—Bark , including Epidermis , Parenchyma , Liber ; Wood , comprising Alburnum and Duramen , or true wood ; and the Pith . Even a leaf was analogous to this ; for the greatest part of its membranous substance was a distinct prolongation of the parenchyma , and the glossy covering was comparable to the epidermis . Dr . Playfair then described the circulation of the sap , which he said arises upwards through the true wood , as it was proved by making the plant imbibe water coloured with cochineal , when the colour was observed to ascend om > by the wood , the bark being left colourless . This sap , on being examined chemically , is found to consist principally of water , holding in solution small Quantities of saline substances . But
when the sap reaches the leaves a large quantity of water is evaporated from them , and it consequently becomes much stronger . It now descends the tree , not as it ascended , by the wood , but by following the course of the liber , which is itself elaborated by the sap , and the increase of the tree takes place inane diately under the true bark , so that the annual circles left indicate the age of the tree . There are spiral vessels and ducts in the wood , the function of which is not quite settled , although the preponderance of evidence is on the side of their being air vessels—a supposition strengthened . by Bisclioff , who found the air escaping from them to contain nearly 30 per cent , of oxygen , while common air contains only 21 per cent . The true duets are certainly for the transmission of fluids . But by what power does the sap arise in the
stem , thus disobeying the laws of gravity ? We know thatthe spongioles of the roots have the power to absorb liquids , by capillary attraction ; but this does not at all account for the ascent of the sap in the stem . The force of the ascent is very considerable ; for Hales found , by allowing the sap to flow out from the cut top of a vine , and attaching a syphon to the lower part , thattheheighttowkichthemercury rose in the syphon was 33 inches : this shows that the force of theascentofthesapmustbemuchgreatcrthanthe pressure of our atmosphere , which is 14 lb . to the square inch . What , then , is the force ? On this subject there are tworival theories . Dupetit Thouars affirms that it is due to the expansion of the buds and the development of the leaves , which taking up fluid , the sap arises to replace that removed ; and he points to a
tree felled in winter , and says , observe the buds which come out in spring ; they obtain enough of sap in the tree to appear ; but they are not developed , for the sap exhausted by them is not renewed . But then , Dupetit Thouars ' s theory is deficient ; for it does not tell us why the buds expand , neither does it explain the descent of the sap after it is elaborated in the leaf . Dutrochet observed , that , if an open tube , covered with a bladder , or other porous membrane , contain a dense liquid , and be placed in water , the water disobeys the ordinary rules of gravitation , and rises into the dense fluid . On this pifflfeiple he explains the ascent of the sap . The sap becomes dense , or strengthenedby evoporation in theleaf ; and water ascends in the stem to mix with it . There are many arguments in favour of this view , which is perhaps
nearer the truth than the other . If the sap ascend by one set of vessels , it must of course compel the fluid to escape by descent in another set . That the fluids do descend , and thus form a kind of circulation , is shown by throwing a ligature round the stem of a plant , and the place above the ligature is soon observed to enlarge from accumulated fluid . That this descent of sap is not due to simple gravity , may be further shown by passing a ligature round a pendant branch , and the part below the ligature is still obobserved to enlarge . But then Dutrochefs theory does not well explain why there should be a cessation of this circulation in winter . True it is , that a diniiminished temperature reduces the activity ot diffusion ; but it does not altogether retard it . There ought , therefore , to be some circulation in winter , if
nothing else except diffusion be its cause ; but we know that no such circulation takes place . Dutrochet ' s theory , therefore , although it goes far , does not embrace all the phenomena . But at present no more comprehensive view has been proposed : so , according to the usual rules in such cases , we must select that theory which explains Ihe most ; and , In the present state of our knowledge , Dutrochet's seems to bear away the palm . Hales found that the quantity of water exhaled by plants wasvery considerable . By experiment he showed that the green parts of the sunflower threw off , in the form of vapour , as much as 20 oz . of water in twelvehours ; though , of course , the quantity varies according to the temperature and dryness of the air . During the night the sunflower threw off only about 3 oz . of water , and
sometimes none at alL We might thus understand the manner in which the inorganic constituents of plants became accumulated , though introduced only in small quantity by the water absorbed from the soil . The exhalation of the leaves is a simple evaporation , caused by the extent of surface over which the water has to traverse ; and all the false analogies of botanists , in comparing such operations with remote similarities in animalswasofmischievoustendcncy . Linnffius'stheory of " the sleep of plants" was one of these , and to his ( Dr . Playfair ' s ) mind had no existence ; for he could conceive no operations of nature more opposed than sleep in animals , and the so-called sleep in vegetables . The sleep of animals consists in the cessation of volition , and a suspension of the causes of waste in the body , during which time vitality was actively
engaged in repairing its wasted structure . But in plants there was no restoration of organs impaired during the day ; for the whole of vegetable life consists of the creation of new organic matter , not in its destruction . The increase in fabric takes place in animals during the night ; the growth of vegetables is altogether effected during the day . For these and other reasons he denied that there was such a state as the sleep of plants ; and he thought he should be able to point out , as he proceeded , a new kind of activity in plants during the night . The dosing of the leaves during the night vras merely owing to the absence of light , which exercises an attraction upon them . If a leaf were turned , so as to expose its under surface to the air , it would twist itself round until the smooth side was presented to the sky : and
thus did all leaves elevate themselves , as if in adoration of the great luminary . The lecturer then proceeded to treat of the chemical elements constituting the organic matter of plants . The first point in the growth of plants is the germination of the seed , the cotyledon of which contains a stored-up nutriment for the einbryo—consisting of some mineral matter , vulh . starch , gum , cheese , and fatty oils ; although in some seeds , as in the anise and cummin , the fixed fat is substituted by a volatile oil . The analysis of Boussingault gave 27 per cent , of cheese in peas ; his ( Dr . Playfair ' s ) own gave 29 per cent . ; the two varieties obviously differing . The analysts of the French chemists give 10 per cent , of this cheesing matter in oats ; those made by the lecturer hiniselt yield between 11 and 12 per cent . The oily matters
also vary : some seeds , as that of the coleworfc , contain 40 per cent , of oil ; while that of wheat does not contam 1 per cent . It would be seen then , that , in order that a seed should germinate , the concurrence of a proper temperature of moisture and of air was absolutely essential . Formerly physiologists believed that light was injurious to germination ; this error originating in the fact , that seeds germinate best at a certain distance beneath the surface of the ground . But Saussure showed , that the apparently injurious effect of light was owing to the drying of the seed , when too near the surface . He took two seeds , placed one of them in an opaque , the other in a transparent glass ; watering them both alike ; and he found that the seeds in the transparent glass germinated first . Whenseeds are placed under ajar of airj and properly supplied with water , the radicles andtlie stem soon appear . Supposing that there is no alteration in temperature orin conditions , Saussure , iu hisfirst experiments , found that the bulk of the air remained unchanged ,
although aquantity ofthe oxygen had beenabstracted , and replaced by carbonic acid . This led Saussure to believe that the first act of germination was simply the extraction of carbon by means of oxygen . Oxygen is quite essential to germination , which cannot be made to take place in any gas not mixed with this element . But what is very curious , carbonic acid gas , which is the primary food of plants , is positively injurious to germination . In fact , germination proceeds more rapidly if fragments o lime are placed along with the seeds , to absorb the carbonic acid . Saussure was not quite correct in his first experiments ; for , on inspecting them with minute accuracy , he found that some plants actually did increase the bHlk of the air , while others diminished the bulk . To Boussingault belongs the honour of having explained this phenomena . That distinguished philosopher , during the last year , hadmade some excellent experiments on germination . He analysed some seeds before germination , and set others to germinate . When the plumule and radicle began to appear , he
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analysed them again , and so on until the stem and the leaves were distinctly formed . The results of his experiments were , as Saussure had perceived , that there is a quantity of carbon abstracted by oxygen ; but the loss in weight is greater that can be accounted for by the carbon removed . Some of the oxygen in the seed has also disappeared , so that it was obvious part of the carbon had become burned , at the CXpenSO ofthe oxygen existing in the seed itself ; and this circumstance completely accounts for the alteration in the volume of air observed by Saussure . But , after all , this is only the ultimate view of the process ; for there can be little doubt that the operations in progress are much more complex than in the immediate abstraction of carbon . If seeds in the act of germination be put upon blue litmus paper , tho blue colour
becomes changed into a red , showing distinctly that an acid is produced during the act . Becquerel thought this was acetic acid ; but Boussingault suggests , with much more plausibility , that it is the acid obtained from milk—the lactic acid . Be that as it may , the formation of the acid indicates that there are intermediate steps in germination , respecting which the chemist is entirely ignorant . When the seeds are examined , after the first act of germination , the process is very difficult to follow . The act of germination still progresses ; but the act of vegetation does so too , and both are in antagonism . Germination abstracts carbon from the seed ; vegetation adds carbon , by drawing it from the atmosphere , in the form of carbonic acid . One thing , however , is certain , from Boussingault ' s analysis , that ammonia now disirom tuc
appears seeu . inese were merely indications how to proceed in our investigations , In order to develope this most interesting act of passive into active life . At present our information might be considered almost nil ; but the recent researches are full of hope ; and , if carried on with the united care of the physiologist and the chemist , will doubtless lead us nearer to truth . The uncertainty as to the nutrition of the embryo , ends with the development of the leaves ,- the young plant lias been ushered into being , and we can now clearly follow its course to maturity . In conclusion , he would draw attention to this singular first act of life . The physical function of animals was to expire carbonic acid ; that of p lants , to expire oxygen . But the first act of the embryo was to assume this high function of animals . Reason on this as we might , there was some curious mystery to derelope in the extraordinary relations of life . The first act of vegetable existence was one
possessed by the most elevated of animals ; but then , again , it assimilated itself to similar functions in the lowest order of vegetables . The fungi do the same ; they do not live on the air , but on decaying substance , and breathe out carbonic acid . Was the first act of vegetation a lofty or a low act of life ? If the exhalation of oxygen from plapt ^ were one of the most important purposes of their life ( as it doubtless was ) , how came it that the lowest order of animals , the animalcules , also possess this function ? These were strange anomalies , which , however inexplicable at present , philosophers should not relax in their endeavours to penetrate . In fact , as he proceeded , he thought he should be able to trace out , in this apparent contradiction , tho most beautiful harmony and most exquisite design of means to end , —a harmony and a design which make us only the more regret that our own ignorance and want of power prevent us giving to them at present a more intimate comprehension . ( Applause . )
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The Shapwick Murder . —Taunton , April 5 . — This being the day fixed for the trial oftheShapwick murder , the Crown Court was early besieged with a number of persons eager to gain admittance . The court , as usual on such occasions , was as full as the parties placed to keep the door would permit it to be . At nine o ' clock the learned judge took his seat on the bench , before which the jury had been called , and were seated in their box . The prisoner was then
placed at the bar . She is a little woman , about thirty years of age , and has a peculiar disagreeable expression of countenance . On being arraigned she pleaded " Not guilty , " in an audible and distinct voice , to the indictments , which charged her with the wilful murder of Charles Dimond , by administering to him a quantity of deadly poison called arsenic . Mr . Serjeant Kisguke and Mr . Rawmnson conducted the prosecution . The prisoner was defended by Mr . Stock . The trial lasted from the sitting of the court at nine o ' clock till eight at night .
Mr . Serjeant Iunglake stated the case to the jury in a very clear , able , and perspicuous manner . From his observations we learnt that the prisoner was a widow , and had been since Christmas 1833 . The deceased was her brother , and had lived with his father , mother , and brother John , at a cot i age situated at Shapwick . The prisoner , who for some time previously had been living elsewhere , returned to her father ' s cottage on the 9 th of December , in the last year , at which date the real evidence in this case commenced .
The first witness called was a person of the name of Have . He stated that in December last he was living with a Mr . Varrer , a druggist , at Bridgewater . On the 9 th of that month the prisoner , whom he did not remember to have previously seen , came to his shop . His master had two shops , the one in which he was being situated in St . John-street , Eastover . She asked for some arsenic . Witness said lie could not sell her any , as it was a rule in their shop never to sell poison to one person . She pressed him to sell her some , and he still refused . He asked her what she wanted of it , and she replied that it WAS to kill rats or mice ; witness did not recollect which . He still refused , but as she still pressed him , lie asked her her home , and where she lived . She
replied that her name was Darston , and that she was a sister to Edmund Darston , who was the S 6 » of a earner and postman between Bridgewater and Solden Hill , and well known to witness . Witness hearing , as he supposed , who she was , consented to let her have the arsenic , and accordingly weighed her up half an ounce , which he tied up in two papers , and marked " poison . " At the same time he explained the deadly nature of the drug , and gave her directions about taking care of it . The prisoner did not immediately leave the shop , but entered into conversation with witness , who remarked to her how much her brother was grownlately , meaning Edmund Darston , to which the prisoner replied that he was It being a very cold day witness asked her to sit down by the stove in the shop , and warm herself
which she consented to do , and , singular to say , remained in the shop more than hour . Whilst she was seated by the fire , witness melted over it some hair oil , which had become congealed . Seeing this , the prisoner asked him to give her a little for a Christmas present , promising to become a customer of his master ' s when she came into Bridgewater . Witness gave her a little of the oil in a bottle , which she promised to return by Edmund Darston on the next day—a promise she did not keep , so he never saw the bottle again . Whilst the prisoner was thus seated and talking by the fire , the clock struck one , and witness quitted the shop to go to dinner , leaving the prisoner there with the porter . On his way to the place where he got Ms dinner , he met Edmund Darston , with whom he entered into conversation . When he returned from dinner the prisoner was
gone . Edmund Darston deposed that he was at Bridgewater on the 9 th . His lather was a carrier and postman between that place and Polden-hill . He met the prisoner in Bridgewater about nine o ' clock on that morning , and made an arrangement with her that she should ride home in his cart . His mother was with him . After this he saw Hare , and , in consequence of what he said to him , be went to the shop to see who had personified his sister , and arriving there he found the person had left . Shortly after he met the prisoner again at the Queen ' s Head , where she sat talking with him for a long time . In the course of their conversation she told him she had been to Mr . Varrer ' s , where she had purchased some hail- oil , and had passed off as his sister . She said nothing about the arsenic . She rode as far as Cossington with the witness , where he was obliged to stay some time , in consequence of which the prisoner went on in another cavt to her father ' s house .
John Dimond said : He was brother to the deceased and the ]> risoner . In December his father , mother , and brother Charles ware living with him at Shapwiek . On the 9 th of that month his sister came home about eight o ' clock , quite unexpectedly . She cried , and said she was a martyr , or something of that sort , on hearing them say they did not know how she could sleep there that night . However , a bed was made up for her in the room where the old people slept , and she remained . The deceased was not in when she arrived , and did not come home till after they were all in bed . He slept with witness . The next morning prisoner wastold she could not remain there . She asked to remain till Saturday , when she said slie would go hack to Bridgewater and give
herself up to the master of the union . She was permitted to stay . The next day her mother told her that her brother Charles did aot likelier being thews , as his master bad declared if she remained in the house Charles should work no longer for him . Deceased had been in his master ' s constant employ for three years and a half . Prisoner said she supposed she must go . On the Sunday following the mother died , an event which kept the prisoner still in the house . All parties were now agreeable that she should remain and do for them , seeing they had lost then ? mother ; only Charles did not like to lose his winter's work , and he therefore desired that she
should go . The deceased was very well till the day after Christmas-day , the 20 th December . On that day he was very wellin the morning when he got up . Witness did not see him again until the evening , when he found him very sick and bad . He continued ill from that time until he died , which he did on Tuesday morning . He got better , however , towards the end of the week , and on Sunday was so much better that he wished to get up . He did get out of bed , and put on his clothes , but did not come down stairs . On the Sunday night , or towards Monday morning , all his former symptoms returned , but in a much more violent manner , and early on T uesday morning ha died . The prisoner was the person who , up to Monday , had cooked all his dinners , prepared
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his gruel , which lie was ordered by the doctor to . take , and tended upon him generally . " On the Monday bctore nis death suspicions had been awakened , and the prisoner was ordered , by the direction of two magistrates in the neighbourhood , to quit the house , which she did , going to the house of a neighbour for the night . This Person proved that when she came she brought with her her box , and some other articles . When she lett tae next morning she carried off a bundle . She lettthekey of her box with witness , saying as she did so , that it any one had any suspicion of her they were very welcome to examine her things ; thev would Ond nothing against her there . The box , when searched , was found to _ be empty . Charles Dimond , the father of the prisoner , con . by to
ea me evidence ^ jren tlie son as the prisoner ' s coming home , &c . His son Charles remained verv well ud to the 26 th of December . On that day he ( the witness ) was at home when his deceased son eanie home to dinner . He was quite well then . The prisoner had prepared his dinner , which was a salt herring and some potatoes . He ( the father ) had some beef and bread , which a Jady bv the name of Templar , who lived in the village , had given him The prisoner had dined before , and his son John did not dme till after . When he had eaten his dinner his son Cliarles went to work . In the evening he returned home very sick , and went to bed , &c , as before deposed to by John Dimond . A boy with whom the deceased worked , and several other witnesses who
had seen him on the morning of the 26 th , were then called to prove that during tho ^ Yhole ot the morning he appeared in his usual health . Ihe boy referred to said that as soon as deceased came irom dinner he was taken very sick . He laid down for a short time , and then appearing to get better he went on with his work . He was sick again when they were going home , and after that night the boy in question did not see him . Witnesses were then called to speak to the supposed motive on which the prisoner had acted . It was proved that a letter had been written to her , in which she was told that her brother ( without saying which ) and her father and mother had requested the writer of the letter to say , that she ( the prisoner ) must not coinehome , but that if she wanted assistance she
must apply to the union . Another witness stated that he had met the prisoner on Christmas-day , and asked her bow she did ? She replied , " Pretty well ; but Charles wants to turn me and Jack out of doors , that he may bring his wife home ; but he shan't ; and if he does not take cave , something shall happen to him before long to spoil his fun , " or words to that effect . The next day an old man named Walker went into Dimond ' s house , and saw the prisoner there . She waa just going to cook the herring in which it was supposed she administered the first dose of poison . She again referred to her brother Charles ' s wish that she should leave , saying that he wanted to turn her out of doors to bring his wife there ; but she would be d—d if he
should ever bring a wife there ; and then she added , "I'll take good cave of that . I'll take d—d good care he shan't be here long himself . " The old man said he was so shocked at hearing this language that he got up and left the house . He mentioned it the next day to another person , who was afterwards called as a witnessj but had not gone before a magistrate , as he did not wish to be brought away from his home , as he could not get about but with great difficulty . When the deceased was lying ill on the Saturday , he wished to make a will , and asked a Mr . Martin , who was present , to make one . For this purpose he desired him to take the key of his box out of his pocket . Martin searched to do so , but could find no key there . The prisoner was called to , and asked if she had seen it . She- admitted that it was in her
possession ; and when asked what business she had with it , she said she had possessed herself of it for the purpose of taking out a small book that Avas in . it . She then went down stairs , leaving Martin to make the will , which he did , and which was signed . The prisoner again came into the room , and , addressing her brother , laid . "Charles , you may give away what yon please ; but , remember , there are two pairs of trousers in your box , which belong to my husband , and I'm d d if I do not have them . " She then left the room , as before stated . When her brother died on the Tuesday morning , she was in a neighbour ' s louse . When his death was communicated to her , she said , " Well , I am sorry for him , but I can't crv . " To this evidence was added the testimony of the
medical men who had visited the deceased whilst alive , and made a post mortem examination of the body . They proved that all the symptoms of the deceased were those that would be sure to follow the taking of an irritant poison like arsenic ; and that on the post mortem examination they discovered just those appearances which they should have expected to do when the parties had died from poison . Mr . Heranath , of Bristol , was then called . —The stomach and its rejected contents had been preserved , with a bottle of gruel found in the house ; all of which had been safely conveyed to Mr . Herapath . He had analysed their respective contents . No poison was found in the gruel , contents of the stomach , or the stomach itself ; but in the large intestines and in the liver arsenic was found , and he had no hesitation to say that the deceased had died from the effects of . arsenic . Mr . Stock addressed the jury for the prisoner , _ . _ ii . ____ i __ i __ f » ii _ i r i i
going over tne wuoie oi tne evidence against ner , and contending that it was insufficient to warrant a verdict of guilty . Mr . Justice Coleridge then most minutely and carefully summed up tho ease . When the learned judge had finished , the jury expressed a wish to retire from the court . They were absent about a quarter of an hour , during which time the prisoner was out of court . On their return , she was again led to ihe bar , and took her scat in the chair with which she had been accommodated during the whole of the day . For the first time we noticed some symptoms of feeling about the wretched woman . The pupil of her eye dilated and wandered with restless anxiety from face to face . Every sound was hushed , and a grave-like silence prevailed , when the jury having been called over , The officer of the court inquired whether they found the prisoner guilty or not guilty ? The foreman , in a distinct but mournful accent , pronounced the word—Guilty .
The learned judge then placed the black cap on his head , and , assuring the prisoner that all hope of mercy in this life was past , and that her days were now numbered and few , he passed upon her the awful sentence of death . During this time the prisoner was supported by a policeman in the dock , and appeared several times as if she wished to speak . When the sentence was over , as they wevc leading her away , she turned towards the judge and said , "Justice has not been done me ; my life has been unfairly taken away . " She was then led from the dock . Four charges of murder were made against this wretched woman , one of which was for the murder of her own mother , on which a true bill was found by the grand jury . The other two bills were ignored ,
Excavation of Human Skeletons . —The work of excavation and embankment of alternate destruction and construction that prevails in the centre of tlie town ( Edinburgh ) , obtains to a more or less degree throughout the whole line of the North British Railway . On tlie east bank of the Esk the deep cutting continues , the railway perforating the rising ground at Pinkie . Within the last few weeks upwards of a dozen of human skeletons have been dug up at this point , most of them being found lying with a large stone on each side of them . It is difficult to Sivy whether the ground at this place may not have formerly been a burying ground , or whether , as is supposed by some , the remains of mortality alluded to may be those of men who fell in some ofthe numerous skirmishes and battles which history records as having taken place in this locality . It will be remembered that in the year 1547 a powerful English army , under the Duke of Somerset , engaged the Scots upon the
grounds of Pinkie , m winch the former were victorious , the proverbial impetuosity of the Scots being chiefly the 6 ause of their defeat , as it prompted them to take positions that exposed them to the cannon of thciv move wavy antagonists . On the day of the battle , Lord Graham , son of the first Earl of Montrose , was killed by a cannon-shot while leading his troops along the bridge over the Esk , It is highly probable that the skeletons in question are the relics of some who were killed on that occasion , a supposition which is supported by the state of the bones , which indicate that they must have been embosomed in the earth for many generations . It was expected that the operations would have laid open some of the pits into which some of those that fell at the battle of Prestonpans wove unceremoniously thrown , but as the ground becomes almost level at Dolpkinstone , and continues so over the spot where that memorable event took place , it is not very likely that such expectations will be rcalisedl-- £ d 2 n 6 uro / t Paper .
A Warning to the Mrs . Caudlks . —On Saturday , Mr . Payne held an inquest at St . Bartholomew's Hospital , on the body of Mary Crane , aged forty . From the evidence of several witnesses , it appeared that , about ten daysago , the husband ofthe deceased , a baker , in Camberwell , committed suicide in consequence of the violence of her temper , and her bad conduct towards him . It was stated at the inquest that the husband frequently bore the marks of her ill-usage , and , not many days previously , she burnt his face with a red-hot poker . After tlio husband ' s death , the widow ( now deceased ) erieved much for
his loss , saying that she should not survive him long ; and on Thursday last she drank a large dose of laudanum at the house of Mrs . Yates , an acquaintance , at No . 4 , Seymour-place , Islington . A surgeon having been called , the deceased resisted , as much as she possibly could , the operation ofthe stomachpump , and instead of swallowing the emetics , poured them down her breast . She was immediately removed to the above hospital , and died there , from the effects ofthe poison , two hours after her admission . The coroner said it was highly probable that remorse had deprived her of the proper use of her reason . Verdict—Temporary Insanity .
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Defeat of the Berwick Coai .-Iuxos !—About a month since the men of Unthank Colliery came to the conclusion that they would give their employer a summons to appear before the magistrates to answer a charge of what they thought robbery . Accordingly Mr . Daniells , Editor ofthe Miners' Advocate , was instructed to take out a summons was , in the name of James Barnes . Accordingly the summons was taken out , and the case was to have been heard on the 5 th of March , but was postponed until the 2 nd of April . To the inexpressible grief of all concerned , at least On tlie part of tlie workies , a letter arrived at Ncwcastleon-Tyne , announcing that it was impossible for Mr . Roberts to attend Berwick on Wednesday . Mr . Daniells , too , was in the Auckland district , many miles south . It was at last decided that Matthew Scott , one of the agents of the Association , should attend and render all the assistance he was able . When the case was called on , Mr . Scott requested the magistrates to allow him to conduct the case , in
the absence of Mr . Roberts . The attorney for tho defence objected ; and after the magistrates had consulted on the matter they decided that Scott should he allowed to ask any question through tho magistrates , but not to address the court . Many witnesses were examined on both sides , after which , and at the conclusion of the attorney's speech for the masters , tho magistrates consulted together for ten minutes , and then gave the following decision : —That , after weighing the evidence pro and emu , they decided that James Barnes is entitled to 12 s ., tho money summoned for , and 7 s . Od . costs . —A public meeting was Liold ftftei'WAl'ds , when Mr . Scott addressed the meeting at considerable length , taking for his subject the power of union . A vote of thanks was given to the magistrates , and a cheer for the Union ; after which the parties separated . It is to be hoped that Mr . Carr will be wise enough to pay the other men what is justly due to them , and not stand another tilt with Law and Justine .
Dreadful Accident . — On Tuesday , last week , while a young woman , named M'Donald , servant to Mr . Duncan , Ruthvenfield , had gone into one ofthe workhouses on some errand , she was caught by a part of the machinery , and before the motion could be arrested , one of her legs was drawn in among the wheels to above the knee , and in that excruciating state the poer creature had to remain nearly three quarters ot an hour , till the crushed and lacerated limb could be fully extricated . Medical aid was promptly on the spot , but the limb was so dreadfully crushed and torn , that it was judged necessary to carry her immediately to the infirmary , where , on due examination , amputation was decided on as the only course that could be adopted in the circumstances . During the painful operation the girl , we are told , maintained the ^ same degree of firmness she displayed when the accident took place , and is now , we are happy to say , in a fair way of recovery . —Perthshire Advertiser .
Fiue on Board Ship . —On Monday morning , shortly after two o ' clock , police-constable . M 187 , discovered that the ship Cleopatra , Captain Ca ^ ley , lying in the King and Queen Dock , Rotherhithe , was on fire . The vessel was a West India trader , and of several hundred tons burden . Upon the alarm being given , the labourers ofthe dock , with a number of police-constables , hastened to the ship , when they found the galley of tho vessel in flames . Without loss of time they commenced throwing buckets of water upon that portion of the ship . Some time , however , was lost before any impression was made upon the fury of the flames . At length the fire was extinguished , but not before the ship ' s galley was burned , and a number of the spare extensively injured . The origin ofthe fire , or whether of not the vessel was insured , could not be ascertained .
Discover of a Murder by a Dog . —In the month of August last year , a regiment of the Queen ' s was quartered at Valencia , and a detachment was billeted at a small village near , named Rosafa ; tho officer commanding it , Don Rafael , Marquis de Turia , was lodged at a farmer's , Pedro Ferrer , the best house in tlie village . Pedro had a wife , Viceuta , young and extremely handsome , to whom he was passionate ]} 1 attached . Before the arrival of the troops in the village she had been fond of her lmsband , tranquil , and devout ; but alter the Marquis had been a short time in their house , Pedro perceived an alteration in his wife ' s manners ; fits of foolish gaiety were succeeded by profound melancholy ; in the presence of Don Rafael she was much agitated , and in his absence impatient for his return . Pedro ' s suspicions were
aroused ; he watched the pair , and soon had convincing proof of his dishonour . He , however , concealed his knowledge of their guilt , awaiting a favourable opportunity for vengeance ; and matters thus went on for a short time , when suddenly Don Rafael disappeared . It was at first thought his duties had called him back to Madrid , but a considerable time elapsing without his return , suspicion was awakened . A peasant recollected having one night , about the time of the disappearance of the Marquis , heard a single but terrible cry—a cry of agony . Pedro repelled all charges with firmness , and for want of proofs the matter dropped . The period of the grand chase of fochas ( a sort of bird ) arrived , and men , horses , and dogs assembled on the banks ofthe river .
Among the dogs was one formerly belonging to thc-Marfluis , and which , on amving at one part of the river , became greatly agitated , plunged in , and brought out a human hand . Running straight to Rosafa , he placed his burden at the threshh qld of the door of Pedro Ferrer . His wife immediately fainted ; and Pedro , struck by remorse , avowed his having murdered Don Rafael one night , cut his body into pieces , and hhrovrn b ) wm Into different parts of the river , thinking thus to elude detection . He was tried , found guilty , and sentenced to be hanged , which sentence was carried into effect at Valencia last month , amid a largo crowd . His guilty wife retired to a convent of Carmelites at San Felice , Xatava , to wash away her sins by penitence and prayer . —Gazette des Tribunaux .
Supposed Muhdek . —On Monday morning , about half-past five o'clock , police constable Mackaye , 122 S , who was on duty in the Hampstead-road , discovered lying in the ditch alongside the road a green stuff bundle . On opening it he found that it contained the body of a fine male child , apparently about a week old . It was dressed in the usual manner , and had on a perfectly new blanket or flannel bound round with white silk , a white robe or frock , and ca p with deep lace border . Over this was a diaper towel , and the external part ofthe bundle on examination turned out to be an old dark green cloak . The body was in the first instance conveyed by the police to the station-house in Heath-street , and from there to the Yorkshire Gray , where it was seen by Mr . Gower , surgeon , of Hampstead . It was his opinion that the deceased had been born alive , and had lived several days . Information having been forwarded to Mr . Wakley , the coroner , he at once issued his warrant to Mr . Gower to make a post mortem examination of the body .
Suspected Murder at Bromley . —Wo published about a month ago a letter , signed " An Inhabitant of Bromley , " on the subject of the death of Maria Monkton , and two inquests that had been held upon it . In ihe Interval we have received several letters on the same subject , some of them casting reflections on parties to which it is very certain their own conduct has exposed them . It is most desirable that auch a state of things should not continue , that the matter should be finally considered and disposed of . The death of the unfortunate young woman took place ou the 7 th of November , 1 S 43 . She was found near tho chapel at Bromley quite dead , from the effects of prussie acid , and , as the coroner himself remarked at the time , " it was almost impossible that any person could take the quantity of prussie acid
winch the deceased had done , and have strength sufficient to destroy or put away the bottle . " Yet , though the place in which she was found was carefully searched no bottle that could have contained the prussie acid was discovered . Nothing could be more in accordance with propriety , nothing more seemingly zealous , than tlie conduct of the coroner . We refer our readers for a detailed aecount of it , and of all tbo circumstances , to the files of the Times . On the 16 th of November , 1843 , we gave every particular of the adjourned inquest . But when we compare that date with the present time , and consider how long an interval has taken place , we cannot nonder that inquiries ( should be made why the covoner has not resumed his investigation . We are told that the
foreman of the jury has already left the place , and some of tho witnesses are about to do so . Surely it is desirable that the inquest should be proceeded with and brought to a close . We know not what valid reason the coroner , Mr . Carttar , can have to justify him in a course which is certainly very much out of ordinary routline ; it behoves him to have a good one , if he would avoid imputations on himself . A very heavy responsibility will rest upon him if it should hereafter be brought to light that guilt has escaped because proof has been allowed to disperse and evaporate , which it was within his power to have had fresh and full . At all events , we would advise him without im'thoi ? delay to terminate tlie proceedings . Justice and his own cliai-acterrequire this . —Times , Wednesday .
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London Corn Exchange , Monday , Arirn , V . — Very rapid pi'ogress lias been made , during the last fortnight , in all out-door occupations , the weather having been alike favourable for preparing the land and committing the seed to the soil . Large breadths of barley and oats have been sown in very good order , and bean and pea planting has also made considerable advances . The engagements in the fields have caused a material falling off in the deliveries ot gram from the growers ; but , though tlie principal markets held during the week have been very scantily supplied , the trade has remained in a decidedly dull state and prices of wheat , aa well as those oi most kinds of spring corn , have tended downwards m all parts of tie country . At Mark-lane , to-day , there was a small show of wheat by land-carnage samples from Essex , Kent , and Suffolk ; having , however , received upwards of 8000 qrs . coastwise during last week , the millers were by no moans anxious buyers .
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Really fine qualities were taken off slowly at the currency of tliis day se'nnight , but , to have effected a clearance of the common runs , rather less money must have been taken . Factors were not generally disposed to . accept lower terms , and a portion of the supply , consequently , remained unsold at the close of business , in duty-paid foreign wheat-thorn was scarcely anything passing ; holders , nevertheless , remained very firm , and the trifling sales made were at precisely similar rates to those obtained eight days ago . In bonded wheat nothing whatever was done , nor were any contracts for cargoes to bo shipped at continental ports closed , all inclination to make speculative investments having entirely subsided . By the Hamburgh mail of Friday last , received this nwrnintr , we have our usual advices from the
principal Baltic ports . At Dantzic , Rostock , Stettin , &c ,, wheat appears to have rather risen in value in consequence of accounts received there from the north of France , Belgium , and Holland , expressing foara as to the autumn-sown wheat . Wo have no doubt , however , that the next accounts will be of a more subdued tone , and are fully persuaded that the value Ot Wheat must Sooner or later fall to our level On tllC Continent—that is to say , to such a point as to admit of duty and charges being added to the cost , and still to pay a small profit when consigned to Great Britain . At Hamburgh , on Friday , % dull English accounts had had some effect , and ( luring the whole ofthe week scarcely a sale of wheat had been made there . The near ports are now all free from ice , but from the more distant parts of the Baltic no sunnlics
can reach this country till towards the close of May . The inquiry for flour was very languid this morning , and though quotations of town-manufactured remained nominally unaltered , ship samples were rather easier to buy . Of barley the supply proved more than equal to the demand , many of the maltsters having left off work . Distilling and grinding qualities moved off tardily at barely the rate of Monday last , but to have succeeded in effecting important sales of malting barley slightly reduced terms must have been acceded to . The tranasctions in malt were on a strictly retail scale , and previous prices were scarcely supported for the ordinary qualities .
The fresh arrivals of oats were small , as well from our own coast as from Scotland and Ireland . Among last week's supply of this grain we had two cargoes from abroad , one ftom Holland and one from Belgium . This morning there was an improved country inquiry for oats , but the chief dealers continued to act on tho reserve ; factors , therefore , found it impossible to establish any advance on last Monday ' s currency , but at the terms of that day a tolerable extent of business was done . English beans were in lively request , and fully as dear . Peas were also inquired for , and realised the terms of this day week without difficulty . For clover seed we experienced a steady retail demand at slightly reduced prices .
CURRENT PRICES OP GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL ' QUARTER . —British . as si Wheat , Essex , Is Kent , new & old red 42 49 White 50 55 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 49 51 Northum , and Scotch white 42 47 Fine 49 53 Irish red old 0 0 Red 43 ii White 46 49 Rye Old 31 32 New 30 32 Brank 35 35 Barley Grinding . . 20 28 Distil . 29 31 Malt . 32 36 Malt Brown .... 54 56 Tale 57 61 "Ware 62 64 Beans Ticks old . fcneu-30 33 Harrow 32 37 Pigeon 38 4 f Peas Grey 32 33 Maple 33 31 tVllite 3 C 38 Oats Liucoliis & Y « vkshixe Peed 21 28 L'oland 23 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 24 28 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 21 Per 2801 b . net . s s Per 280 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 Norfolk & Stockton 33 34
Essex and Kent .... 34 3 G Irish 35 36 Pree . Bond Foreign , s 8 as Wheat , Dantsic , Kouigslmrg , &c ...... 58 58 3 G 38 Murks , Mecklenburg 48 52 32 34 Danish , Ilolstein , ana Frieslaud red 4 + 4 ( 5 28 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 47 2 fi 28 Italian , Bed . . iG 48 "White ... 50 52 28 32 Suauish . Hand . 4 G 48 Soft 48 50 28 S 2 llye , Baltic , Dried , ... 30 31 Undried . . 30 32 21 22 Bailey , Grinding . 20 27 Malting . . 32 33 20 28 Beans , Ticks . . 30 32 Egyptian . 32 S 3 24 28 Peas , White . . 36 38 Maph . . 32 34 23 30 Oais , Buteli , B > w and Thick 24 25 19 21 llussianfeed , 21 22 15 16 Banish . Friesland feed 21 23 15 17
Flour , per barrel 24 2 G 19 20 London Smithfield Cattle Market , Mondat , April 1 . — The imports of live stock from abroad during the past week have been somewhat on the increase , they having consisted of fifty-one oxen and twenly-five cows , or a total of seventy-six head , all from Holland , and in fair average condition . To-day there were on offer twenty-seven beasts , the whole of which were quite equal to those we have witnessed for some time past , while they found buyers At pieces varying from £ 15 to £ 18 10 a . each . The navigation being now open at Rotterdam , several large importations of beasts are expected thence in the present week . From our own grazing districts , the arrivals of boasts fresh up to-day were somewhat extensive for tlie time of year , while a slight improvement was
noticed in their general quality , especially as respects the Scots from Scotland , Although we had a full average number of buyers in attendance , tire beef trade was in a very sluggish state , at prices barely equal to those obtained on Monday last—theprimest Scots producing 3 s . 10 d . per 81 b . At the close of the market a clearance was not effected . The dvovea from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , consisted of 2000 Scots and homehreds ; while from the northern grazing districts we received only 150 short-horns ; from the western and midland districts , 400 Herefords , runts , Devons , < fec . ; from other parts of England , 300 of various breeds ; and from
Scotland , 120 homed and polled Scots . The numbera of sheep were not to say extensive , though quite equal to the demand . On the whole , the mutton trade was firm , and the primest old Downs found ready buyers at 4 s . 6 d . per 81 b—other breeds in proportion—being 63 ! b 6 ine figures . Prom the Isle of Wight HO lambs were received , while the supplies from Essex , Hampshire , &e ., were good . The lamb trade was somewhat active , at fully last week's quotations , the best qualities being held at 6 s . per 81 b . The supply of calves was small , and met a heavy inquiry , at late rates . In pigs we have very few sales to report , yet the quotations were mostlv supported .
By the quantities of 81 b ., sinking the offal . s . d . s . d . Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 4 2 8 Second quality .... 2 10 3 2 Prime large oxen .... 3 4 3 G Prime Scots , &c 3 8 3 10 Coarse infeviov sheep ... 2 10 3 2 Second quality .... 3 4 3 8 Prime coarse woolled ... 3 8 4 0 Lambs 4 8 G 0 Prime Southdown ( out of the wool ) 3 8 4 0 Ditto ( in the wool ) ... 4 2 4 8 Large coarse calves .... 3442 Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 22 0 Large hogs ,,.,. 3036 Neat small porkers ... 3 8 4 2 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 O HEAD OF CATTtE ON SALE .
( From the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 337- Sheen and Lambs , 26 , 230—Calves , 78—Pigs , 318 . Makchesteu Cors Market , Saturday , April 5 . — With a continuance of faA'ourable weather during tho week , great inactivity was apparent in the demand for every article in the trade , prices having been altogether nominal . Of flour from Ireland the imports into Liverpool and Runcorn are this week to a fair amount ; but of other articles thence or coastwise they are only moderate ; and there arc no arrivals from abroad . At our market this morning very few transactions occurred in wheat , although that article was freely offered at a reduction ^ I d . to 2 d . per 701 bs . No inquiry of moment for flour . There was a moderate demand for oats , and prices were without change . Oatmeal was in very limited request , and barely supported its previous value . In beans no alteration was observable .
Liverpool Cork Market , Monday April 7 . — The arrivals of British wheat , oats and oatmeal , since this day se ' nnight , are of small amount , but a fair quantity of flour is reported from Ireland . Throughout the week the weather has been very favourable for the country , and will have enabled the farmers to make good progress with their work on the land . Tho corn trade here lias continued in an exceedingly dull state ; on Friday very few sales were effected of any article , and those at barelv so good prices as quoted last Tuesday . The best Irish red wheat has been disposed of at Gs . 8 d . to 6 s . 0 d ., and fair qualities at Cs . 4 d . to 6 s . 5 d . per 10 lbs . Good brands of Irish flour are offered at 36 s . to 37 s . per 280 lbs ., and move with difficulty . The quantity of Irish oats on this market is not large , and good mealing samples command 2 s . lid . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met only a retail demand at 23 s . to 24 s . per load for fair cuts of Irish .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Aprci . 7 . —We have had a good supply of cattle at market to-day , which met with dull sale , although we had a numerous attendanceoi'buyers at last week ' s prices . Bect ' SJd . to 5 | d . ; mutton 6 id . to CJd . per lb . —Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 31 st March to the 7 th April : —1346 cows , 0 calves , 3420 sheep , 182 lambs , 8317 pigs , 35 horses . Ricumosd Cony Market , Monday , April 5 . —We had a large supply of all kinds of grain , which caused the prices to be a little lower than last week . —Wheat sold from 5 s . Cd . to 6 s . ; oats 2 s . 4 d . to 3 s . ; barley 3 s . 6 d . to 4 s . ; beans 4 s . 3 d . to 4 s . Cd . per bushel .
Malton Corn Makket , April 5 . —We have a very short supply of all kinds of grain offering to this day's market . Wheat and barley Is . per qr . lower ; oats same as last week . Wheat , red 44 s . to 48 s . ; wliite ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per qr . of 40 st . Barloy , 27 s , to 00 s . per 32 st . ; oats , lOd . to lid . per stone . Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , April 8 . —Our , supplies are well maintained , and to-day we have had a good show of all articles , ; wheat must be quoted Is . per qr . lower and sales slow at this decline Barley is also Is . perqr . cheaper , with , a good pro-. portion of this supply remaining over , the demand being extremely limited . Oats , beans , and shelling , steady in value , with a fair inquiry . York Corn Marret , April 5 . —We have again a small supply of wheat at to-day ' s market , vihicb . sold slowly , at rather under last week ' s quotations ! ' Barley , oats , and beans , the quantity offering was rather larger than usual , and taken chiefly tor seed , at rather over the prices of last week , ¦ ¦ - -
Ggrtctttttut »G Bortftnttmr,
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Western Circuit.
WESTERN CIRCUIT .
Jlarket Snteuiffeme*
Jlarket SnteUiffeme *
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^ Apsil 12 , 18 ^ 5 . THE jfORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 12, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1310/page/7/
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